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me; it was a terrible disappointment to them when I wouldn't go. They had lived under the illusion that I was a good student when it came to religion, too, which wasn't the case. I remember a poem presented by a student, which made a great impression on me. The essence of the poem read, "Basically, you are always alone". I have forgotten the name of the poet, but have often experienced the truth of these words in later life.
611:
452:
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938:). The structure is based on a gear drive that employs rotary motion (e.g. provided by a crank) to assemble modular components from a storage space, elevating a tube-shaped tower; the process is reversible, and inverting the input direction will deconstruct the tower and store the components. In 2009, the
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was not a little surprised when he found the Z4, which was already a bit battered from the outside, set up in a horse stable. Nevertheless, he dictated to Zuse a simple differential equation that Zuse could immediately program, demonstrate on the machine and solve. After that he concluded a contract
1998:
The only problem was that the progressive spirit at our school did not always correspond to my parents' ideas. This was particularly true for religious instruction, which now and again seemed even to us pupils to be rather too enlightened. After the 'Abitur' my parents wanted to go to communion with
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Like Alan Turing, Zuse was educated in a system that focused on a child's emotional and philosophical life as well as his intellectual life, and at the end of school, like Turing, Zuse found himself to be something of an outsider—to the disappointment of his very conventional parents, he no longer
994:, he is not known to have expressed any doubts or qualms about working for the Nazi war effort. Much later, he suggested that in modern times, the best scientists and engineers usually have to choose between either doing their work for more or less questionable business and military interests in a
1384:
Konrad Zuse is popularly recognized in
Germany as the father of the computer, and his Z1, a programmable automaton built from 1936 to 1938, has been called the first computer in the world. Other nations reserve this honor for one of their own scientists, and there has been a long and often
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calculator featuring programmability with loops but without conditional jumps, with memory and a calculation unit based on telephone relays. The telephone relays used in his machines were largely collected from discarded stock. Despite the absence of conditional jumps, the Z3 was a
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restored Zuse's original 1:30 functional model that can be extended to a height of 2.7 m. Zuse intended the full construction to reach a height of 120 m, and envisioned it for use with wind power generators and radio transmission installations.
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was finished and delivered to the ETH Zurich in July 1950, where it proved very reliable. At that time, it was the only working digital computer in
Central Europe, and the second computer in the world to be sold or loaned, beaten only by the
670:, including neighbouring houses. This event effectively brought Zuse's research and development to a complete halt. The partially finished, telephone relay-based Z4 computer was then packed and moved from Berlin on 14 February, arriving in
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language was undertaken in 1948 by K. Zuse. His notation was quite general, but the proposal never attained the consideration it deserved." Further implementations followed in 1998 and then in 2000 by a team from the
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Konrad Zuse married Gisela
Brandes in January 1945, employing a carriage, himself dressed in tailcoat and top hat and with Gisela in a wedding veil, for Zuse attached importance to a "noble ceremony". Their son
1554:
Zuse, Konrad (1943), "Ansätze einer
Theorie des allgemeinen Rechnens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Aussagenkalküls und dessen Anwendung auf Relaisschaltungen" , unpublished manuscript, Zuse Papers
602:
The Z3, the first fully operational electromechanical computer, was partially financed by German government-supported DVL, which wanted their extensive calculations automated. A request by his co-worker
541:. Zuse built the S1 and S2 computing machines, which were special purpose devices which computed aerodynamic corrections to the wings of radio-controlled flying bombs. The S2 featured an integrated
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Zuse completed his work entirely independently of other leading computer scientists and mathematicians of his day. Between 1936 and 1945, he was in near-total intellectual isolation.
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467:. In 1938, he finished the Z1 which contained some 30,000 metal parts and never worked well due to insufficient mechanical precision. On 30 January 1944, the Z1 and its original
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computer. However, Turing-completeness was never considered by Zuse (who was unaware of Turing's work and had practical applications in mind) and only demonstrated in 1998 (see
826:, eventually publishing some brief excerpts of his thesis in 1948 and 1959; the work in its entirety, however, remained unpublished until 1972. The PhD thesis was submitted at
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was too complicated. He started working on a PhD thesis, containing groundbreaking research years ahead of its time, mainly the first high-level programming language,
809:, which never worked properly after it was delivered. Other computers, all numbered with a leading Z, up to Z43, were built by Zuse and his company. Notable are the
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Der
Helixturm von Konrad Zuse – Analyse, Dokumentation und Instandsetzung eines höhenverstellbaren Turmmodells, 1989 bis 1995, im Deutschen Museum in München
607:—who had helped Zuse build the Z3 prototype in 1938—for government funding for an electronic successor to the Z3 was denied as "strategically unimportant".
1283:(Thesis) (in German). Munich, Germany: Lehrstuhl für Restaurierung, Kunsttechnologie und Konservierungswissenschaft, Technische Universität München (TUM).
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became operational in May 1941. Thanks to this machine and its predecessors, Zuse is regarded by some as the inventor and father of the modern computer.
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2012:
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1910:. Geschichtslandschaft Berlin: Orte und Ereignisse (5 volumes) (in German). Vol. 5: Kreuzberg. Berlin, Germany: Nicolai. pp. 418–429.
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in 1999 "for his invention of the first program-controlled, electromechanical, digital computer and the first high-level programming language,
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355:, Zuse's work went largely unnoticed in the United Kingdom and United States. Possibly his first documented influence on a US company was
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Between 1989 and 1995, Zuse conceptualized and created a purely mechanical, extensible, modular tower automaton he named "helix tower" (
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421:. This required the performance of many routine calculations by hand, leading him to theorize and plan a way of doing them by machine.
1933:
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Clemens Kieser: "'Ich bin zu faul zum
Rechnen': Konrad Zuses Computer Z22 im Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie Karlsruhe." In:
2153:
768:, Turing, Porter from England and a few German researchers like Zuse, Walther, and Billing. (For more details see Herbert Bruderer,
302:, inventor and businessman. His greatest achievement was the world's first programmable computer; the functional program-controlled
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401:) and explored both engineering and architecture, but found them boring. Zuse then pursued civil engineering, graduating in 1935.
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Paul
Janositz: Informatik und Konrad Zuse: "Der Pionier des Computerbaus in Europa – Das verkannte Genie aus Adlershof." In:
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871:: What might have happened had the bombing not taken place, and had the PhD thesis accordingly been published as planned?
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Between 1987 and 1989, Zuse recreated the Z1, suffering a heart attack midway through the project. It cost 800,000
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Zum Einfluß elementarer Sätze der mathematischen Logik bei Alfred Tarski auf die drei
Computerkonzepte des Konrad Zuse
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binary mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from a perforated 35 mm film.
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1977:
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It was not until 1949 that Zuse was able to resume work on the Z4. He would show the computer to the mathematician
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The German civil engineer Konrad Zuse is considered the inventor of the first digital and programmable computers
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guided missiles developed by the German military between 1941 and 1945, which were the precursors to the modern
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An elementary process in Zuse's
Calculating Space: Two digital particles A und B form a new digital particle C.
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2231:"1941: Konrad Zuse completes the first working general-purpose computer, based on his 1936 patent application"
1822:"1941: Konrad Zuse completes the first working general-purpose computer, based on his 1936 patent application"
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Konrad Zuse und die
Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann
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Much of his early work was financed by his family and commerce, but after 1939 he was given resources by the
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1713:. MIT Technical Translation. Translated by Aztec School of Languages, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA:
954:(approximately $ 500,000) and required four individuals (including Zuse) to assemble it. Funding for this
512:. In September 1940 Zuse presented the Z2, covering several rooms in the parental flat, to experts of the
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413:, using his artistic skills in the design of advertisements. He started work as a design engineer at the
2016:
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554:(Zuse Apparatus Construction), to manufacture his machines, renting a workshop on the opposite side in
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Der erste Computer. Konrad Zuses Z1 – Berlin 1936. Beginn und Entwicklung einer technischen Revolution
894:'s pioneering computer art work. Other plotters designed by Zuse include the ZUSE Z90 and ZUSE Z9004.
520:(DVL; German Research Institute for Aviation). The Z2 was a revised version of the Z1 using telephone
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has an exhibition devoted to Zuse, displaying twelve of his machines, including a replica of the
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After Zuse retired, he focused on his hobby of painting. He signed his paintings as "Kuno See".
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Knuth & Pardo: The early development of programming languages. In Nicholas Metropolis (Ed):
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970:
712:("Plan Calculus") and, as an elaborate example program, the first real computer chess engine.
2584:(26 October 2011). "Der Philosoph - Die technische Keimzelle". In Rabenseifner, Adolf (ed.).
1325:. 27th International Symposion on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC). Bratislava
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and the parental flat with Z1 and Z2 on 30 January the following year, whereas the successor
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35:
2902:. Mit Beiträgen von Konrad Zuse und Otto Lührs. Museum für Verkehr und Technik, Berlin 1989.
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Beginning in 1935, he experimented in the construction of computers in his parents' flat on
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1930:
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582:. On 12 May 1941 Zuse presented the Z3, built in his workshop, to the public. The Z3 was a
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The 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by exhibitions, lectures and workshops.
8:
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Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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2154:"The S1 and S2 Computing Machines — Konrad Zuse´s Work for the German Military 1941–1945"
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303:
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1674:]. Schriften zur Datenverarbeitung (in German). Vol. 1. Braunschweig, Germany:
440:, Berlin. Working in his parents' apartment in 1936, he produced his first attempt, the
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1867:. IEEE Computer Society and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
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Zuse, Konrad. Direction-bound engraving tool with program control. U.S. Patent 3163936
2501:
2480:. Reihe Informatik und Operations Research, S. Toeche-Mittler Verlag, Darmstadt 1979,
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with Zuse: the Z4 should be loaned to the ETH after a thorough overhaul and cleaning.
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computer. In 1941, he founded one of the earliest computer businesses, producing the
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Zur Entstehung des Computers – Von Alfred Tarski zu Konrad Zuse – Tertium non datur
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320:, which became the world's first commercial computer. From 1943 to 1945 he designed
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The Man Who Invented the Computer: The Biography of John Atanasoff, Digital Pioneer
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editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.
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Selbstreproduzierende Maschinen: Konrad Zuses Montagestraße SRS 72 und ihr Kontext
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Was ist und wie verwirklicht sich Computer-Sozialismus: Gespräche mit Konrad Zuse
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1937:
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Der Computer – eine Erfindung aus Kreuzberg, Methfesselstraße 10/Oranienstraße 6
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Schofield, Jack (20 December 1995). "Konrad Zuse: First on the digital track".
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1949:
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Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of 'inventor of the modern computer'
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but was itself implemented only in 1975 in a dissertation by Joachim Hohmann.
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In 1940, the German government began funding him and his company through the
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acrimonious debate on the issue of who is the true inventor of the computer.
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were destroyed with his parents' flat and many neighbouring buildings by a
372:
352:
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A Computable Universe: Understanding & Exploring Nature as Computation
757:
671:
3025:
3020:
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1903:
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There's strong evidence that built the world's first computer in Berlin.
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of the ETH Zurich. The two men settled a deal to lend the Z4 to the ETH.
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On 3 February 1945, aerial bombing caused devastating destruction in the
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834: 400 university enrollment fee. The rejection did not bother him.
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under program control, making it the first process-controlled computer.
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as switching elements; Zuse at this time considered it a "crazy idea" (
538:
375:
42:
31:
2054:, Berlin: Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, 2003, p. 52.
1459:"Biography of Konrad Zuse, Inventor and Programmer of Early Computers"
1364:
1012:
975:
890:, and became well known also outside of the technical world thanks to
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3103:(Konrad Zuse's son); an extensive and well-written historical account
2811:
Zuse-Jahr 2010 – zum 100. Geburtstag des Computerpioniers Konrad Zuse
1792:"Weapons Grade: How Modern Warfare Gave Birth To Our High-Tech World"
874:
855:
813:, which was sold to the optics industry and to universities, and the
720:
After the 1945 Luisenstadt bombing, he fled from Berlin to the rural
505:
468:
167:
61:
2922:
Zuse. L'elaboratore nasce in Europa. Un secolo di calcolo automatico
1906:(1994). Engel, Helmut; Jersch-Wenzel, Stefi; Treue, Wilhelm (eds.).
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While working on his Z4 computer, Zuse realised that programming in
906:
843:
793:
694:
693:. Zuse believed that these machines had been captured by occupying
645:, which Zuse had begun constructing in 1942 in new premises in the
414:
1227:
Eibisch, Nora (2016). Written at Mountain View, California, USA.
897:
312:
Zuse was noted for the S2 computing machine, considered the first
3016:
Konrad Zuse and his computers, from Technische Universität Berlin
1319:
The helix tower by Konrad Zuse: Automated con- and deconstruction
1005:
959:
883:
744:
In 1947, according to the memoirs of the German computer pioneer
610:
298:; 22 June 1910 – 18 December 1995) was a German civil engineer,
2250:"Did Alan Turing interrogate Konrad Zuse in Göttingen in 1947?"
1132:
820:
Unable to do any hardware development, he continued working on
391:
379:
368:
89:
41:"Helixturm" redirects here. For the lighthouse in Cologne, see
2402:
882:
In 1956, Zuse began to work on a high precision, large format
817:, the first computer with a memory based on magnetic storage.
2103:(in German). Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany: Außenseiter Verlag.
1751:
1016:
851:
806:
689:. The circuit design of the S1 was the predecessor of Zuse's
521:
3031:
Zuse's thesis of digital physics and the computable universe
3026:
Konrad Zuse, inventor of first working programmable computer
1165: – Mathematics notation where operators follow operands
792:
In November 1949, Zuse founded another company, Zuse KG, in
578:
In 1941, he improved on the basic Z2 machine, and built the
451:
1183: – Transistorized computer delivered from 1961 to 1967
1119:
A replica of the Z3, as well as the original Z4, is in the
1027:
508:, where he was given the resources to ultimately build the
2586:
Konrad Zuse: Erfinder, Unternehmer, Philosoph und Künstler
1952:, Technical University of Munich. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
494:
Plaque commemorating Zuse's work, attached to the ruin of
382:), where his father was a postal clerk. Zuse attended the
2835:
Jürgen Alex, Hermann Flessner, Wilhelm Mons, Horst Zuse:
2541:(PDF), Elektronische Datenverarbeitung, 8: 336–344, 1967.
1755:
1346:"Konrad Zuse's Legacy: The Architecture of the Z1 and Z3"
987:, the first of five children, was born in November 1945.
731:
Zuse founded one of the earliest computer companies: the
356:
2832:
U.S. Patents 3234819; 3306128; 3408483; 3356852; 3316442
2478:
Der Plankalkül im Vergleich mit algorithmischen Sprachen
1950:"Mathematicians during the Third Reich and World War II"
1034:
storage inside a Z31 (which was first displayed in 1963)
533:(AVA, Aerodynamic Research Institute, forerunner of the
3083:
Video lecture by Zuse discussing the history of Z1 to 4
2015:[Chapter 14: The First Programmable Computer].
1794:, David Hambling. Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2006.
1399:"Konrad Zuse: The first programmable, digital computer"
463:
In 1937, Zuse submitted two patents that anticipated a
2401:
Horst Zuse, EPE Online, archived on 29 June 2009 from
3158:
2879:
Jürgen Alex: "Wege und Irrwege des Konrad Zuse." In:
2725:
2354:
Horst Zuse, EPE Online, archived on 11 May 2009 from
1708:"Calculating Space - Translation of: Rechnender Raum"
830:, but it was rejected because Zuse forgot to pay the
3088:
Video showing the model of the helix tower in action
2050:
Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk and Hainer Weißpflug,
1233:(Thesis). Research (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany:
1191:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
2993:Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2012, XXVI, 224 Seiten,
1787:
1785:
1741:"Konrad Zuse's Rechnender Raum (Calculating Space)"
1308:
1306:
2946:Nr. 19127, Berlin, 9. März 2006, Beilage Seite B3.
2283:"Kapitel 14 – Die ersten programmierbaren Rechner"
30:"Zuse" redirects here. For Konrad Zuse's son, see
27:German computer scientist and engineer (1910–1995)
3106:
2674:"Konrad Zuse – Biography, History and Inventions"
2648:] (in German) (1 ed.). Berlin, Germany:
2552:"Automata and punched card machines: Helix tower"
2052:Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
2013:"Kapitel 14: Die ersten programmierbaren Rechner"
677:These machines contributed to the Henschel Werke
397:He enrolled at Technische Hochschule Berlin (now
211:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
3283:
2866:100 Jahre Konrad Zuse. Einblicke in den Nachlass
2620:Paul Rojas, Professor of Artificial Intelligence
1782:
1303:
1300:(10+105 pages, 50+28+9 pages appendices, 2 DVDs)
386:in Braunsberg, and in 1923, the family moved to
2588:(in German) (1 ed.). Petersberg, Germany:
1841:
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1656:
1610:
1608:
1586:
1584:
1582:
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1422:
2924:, Etas Libri, Milano 1975, pp. XVIII–184.
2909:, 4/34/2005, Esslingen am Neckar, S. 180–184,
2813:Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin, 19 April 2010
2446:The First Computers: History and Architectures
1852:
1698:
1696:
1425:"Z like Zuse: German inventor of the computer"
1416:
1269:
1267:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1189: – program-controlled electronic computer
854:, wrote: "The very first attempt to devise an
796:; in 1957, the company's head office moved to
371:on 22 June 1910. In 1912, his family moved to
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2574:
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2192:History of Computing in the Twentieth Century
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1208:
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1154: – American computer pioneer (1903–1995)
998:, or not pursuing their line of work at all.
537:), which used his work for the production of
394:in 1928, qualifying him to enter university.
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2496:
2494:
2377:. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009
2074:Handbook of research on open source software
2044:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
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1509:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 13, 961.
1171: – Device able to make copies of itself
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430:38, moving with them into their new flat on
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2330:. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009
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1837:
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1819:
1746:. In German, Adrian; Zenil, Hector (eds.).
1693:
1405:. The German Way & More. Archived from
1312:
1264:
1215:
1038:Zuse received several awards for his work:
362:
328:. In 1969, Zuse suggested the concept of a
3151:
3137:
2726:Martin Campbell-Kelly (21 December 1995).
2274:
2179:
2126:"Germany's Secret Weapons in World War II"
2088:
1883:
1532:Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing
1507:Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing
1203:
637:7 (along with the Z3) was destroyed in an
621:In 1937, Schreyer had advised Zuse to use
60:
2630:
2491:
1955:
1431:. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Archived from
2740:
2580:
1832:
1529:
1504:
1423:von Leszczynski, Ulrike (27 June 2010).
1158:List of German inventors and discoverers
1026:
990:While Zuse never became a member of the
969:
896:
873:
783:
609:
489:
450:
3118:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2763:
2544:
2156:, Atypon Link. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
1353:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
1273:
1226:
14:
3284:
2759:from the original on 15 December 2022.
2229:Schmidhuber, Jürgen (19 August 2021).
1940:, Gap System. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
1820:Schmidhuber, Jürgen (19 August 2021).
1534:(3rd ed.). Springer. p. 14.
1456:
631:in his own words). Zuse's workshop on
560:7 and stretching through the block to
516:Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt
409:After graduation, Zuse worked for the
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2613:
2280:
2094:
1902:
1715:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1469:from the original on 13 December 2020
1450:
1390:
1343:
1337:
1022:
741:and an IBM option on Zuse's patents.
737:. Capital was raised in 1946 through
293:
3362:Technische Universität Berlin alumni
2956:
2837:Konrad Zuse: Der Vater des Computers
2636:
2281:Lippe, Wolfram M. (13 April 2010) .
2205:"Konrad Zuse im Schloss zu Hopferau"
2128:, Roger Ford. Zenith Imprint, 2000.
1972:
1871:from the original on 4 December 2022
1735:
1702:
1662:
1614:
1492:"Who is the Father of the Computer?"
962:and a consortium of five companies.
913:or similar computational structure (
728:Zuse was unable to build computers.
3099: (archived 18 April 2010) – By
2931:. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin 2000,
2851:Die Rechenmaschinen von Konrad Zuse
2798:www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de
2747:Lee, J. A. N. (30 September 2004).
2746:
2616:"Reconstruction of the Z1 Computer"
2443:Rojas, Raúl; Hashagen, Ulf (2002).
1858:
788:Zuse's workshop at Neukirchen, 2010
24:
2907:Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg
2823:
2676:. History Computer. 4 January 2021
2375:"The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse"
2235:Universita della Svizzera Italiana
2107:from the original on 3 August 2022
2018:Die Geschichte der Rechenautomaten
1826:Universita della Svizzera Italiana
1724:from the original on 25 March 2020
1717:. AZT-70-164-GEMIT (Project MAC).
1633:. Bad Hersfeld, Germany: 336–344.
1566:(full text of the 1945 manuscript)
1396:
1374:from the original on 26 April 2021
1290:from the original on 2 August 2022
1239:Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
917:); in 1969, he published the book
886:. It was demonstrated at the 1961
842:slightly influenced the design of
760:. The encounter had the form of a
359:'s option on his patents in 1946.
25:
3388:
3377:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal
3367:Werner von Siemens Ring laureates
3004:
2781:from the original on 3 July 2012.
2328:"Part 7 (continued): The Zuse KG"
2023:The History of Computing Machines
2010:
1640:from the original on 18 June 2020
1139:and several of Zuse's paintings.
1011:Zuse died on 18 December 1995 in
905:In 1967, Zuse suggested that the
3093:The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse
1769:from the original on 21 May 2022
965:
750:Max Planck Institute for Physics
724:. In the extreme deprivation of
548:In 1941 Zuse started a company,
276:
2804:
2785:
2719:
2688:
2666:
2607:
2530:
2512:
2470:
2436:
2414:
2367:
2320:
2311:
2241:
2222:
2197:
2159:
2147:
2119:
2071:St. Amant, Kirk; Still, Brian.
2065:
2004:
1943:
1924:
1813:
1627:Elektronische Datenverarbeitung
1558:
1548:
1523:
1498:
674:approximately two weeks later.
326:high-level programming language
3357:Programming language designers
3048:Konrad Zuse Museum Hoyerswerda
3036:Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin
2642:Der Computer – Mein Lebenswerk
1982:. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany:
1484:
752:, there was a meeting between
571:29 (renamed and renumbered as
530:Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt
436:10, the street leading up the
262:Aerodynamic Research Institute
13:
1:
3347:20th-century German inventors
2728:"OBITUARY : Konrad Zuse"
2701:. Random House Digital, Inc.
2095:Selig, Bernd (October 2011).
1976:(1993). Wössner, Hans (ed.).
1758:and Zuse's family ed.).
1596:Computer Conservation Society
1457:Bellis, Mary (15 May 2019) .
1196:
1177: – German 1950s computer
1060:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
597:History of computing hardware
399:Technische Universität Berlin
300:pioneering computer scientist
193:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
128:Technische Universität Berlin
3079: (archived 25 July 2011)
3011:Konrad Zuse Internet Archive
2714:believed in God or religion.
2646:The Computer, My Life's Work
2520:"Pioneer Work: Frieder Nake"
923:(translated into English as
715:
639:Allied Air raid in late 1943
504:In 1939, Zuse was called to
485:
7:
3322:Computer hardware engineers
2777:. Computer History Museum.
2614:Rojas, Paul (August 2015).
2502:"Graphomat Z64 (in German)"
2288:(in German). Archived from
1676:Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn
1145:
1114:Gesellschaft für Informatik
771:Konrad Zuse und die Schweiz
734:Zuse-Ingenieurbüro Hopferau
543:analog-to-digital converter
457:German Museum of Technology
10:
3393:
3342:German computer scientists
3307:Businesspeople from Berlin
2771:"Konrad Zuse: 1999 Fellow"
2449:. MIT Press. p. 292.
2144:. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
2085:. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
1810:. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
1530:Bruderer, Herbert (2021).
1505:Bruderer, Herbert (2021).
850:, one of the inventors of
349:government of Nazi Germany
330:computation-based universe
40:
29:
3167:
2881:Spektrum der Wissenschaft
2853:. Springer, Berlin 1998,
2839:. Parzeller, Fulda 2000,
2792:Zwernemann-Blech, Irene.
2395:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2348:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1247:10.1007/978-3-658-12942-2
940:
861:Free University of Berlin
838:
822:
733:
706:
666:
653:
633:
567:
562:
556:
550:
496:
432:
426:
404:
295:[ˈkɔnʁaːtˈtsuːzə]
275:
270:
266:
258:
237:
230:
176:
133:
123:
104:
71:
59:
52:
34:. For the institute, see
3123:University of St Andrews
2422:"Ursula Walk, geb. 1925"
2361:28 December 2008 at the
2317:Bruderer (2021), p. 1098
1571:10 February 2012 at the
1316:; Eibisch, Nora (2010).
1169:Self-replicating machine
1105:is named in his honour.
958:project was provided by
465:von Neumann architecture
367:Konrad Zuse was born in
363:Early life and education
2961:. Düsseldorf, Germany:
2920:Mario G. Losano (ed.),
2426:www.get-it.tu-berlin.de
2097:"Bomber über Kreuzberg"
1600:Science Museum (London)
1564:A book on the subject:
1163:Reverse Polish notation
1127:Deutsches Technikmuseum
1089:Computer History Museum
1063:in 1965 (together with
1047:in 1964 (together with
1044:Werner von Siemens Ring
909:itself is running on a
455:Zuse Z1 replica in the
219:Computer History Museum
196:in 1965 (together with
185:Werner von Siemens Ring
3337:German civil engineers
3159:Computers designed by
2558:. 2015. Archived from
1986:. pp. 12–13, 75.
1936:29 August 2011 at the
1859:Lee, J. A. N. (1995).
1429:monstersandcritics.com
1274:Eibisch, Nora (2009).
1152:John Vincent Atanasoff
1125:
1035:
1019:) from heart failure.
979:
934:
919:
902:
879:
828:University of Augsburg
789:
770:
647:
627:
618:
529:
514:
501:
460:
419:Schönefeld near Berlin
390:, where he passed his
334:
287:Konrad Ernst Otto Zuse
76:Konrad Ernst Otto Zuse
3372:Engineers from Berlin
3332:20th-century atheists
2957:Alex, Jürgen (2007).
2408:18 April 2010 at the
2025:]. Archived from
1979:The Computer, My Life
1103:Zuse Institute Berlin
1030:
973:
900:
878:Z64 Graphomat plotter
877:
787:
613:
493:
454:
36:Zuse Institute Berlin
3312:Cellular automatists
3109:Robertson, Edmund F.
3071:Computermuseum Kiel
3065:Computermuseum Kiel
3059:Computermuseum Kiel
2864:Wilhelm Füßl (ed.):
2695:Jane Smiley (2010).
2590:Michael Imhof Verlag
2432:on 16 November 2018.
1465:. Dotdash Meredith.
1344:Rojas, Raúl (1997).
1083:Great Cross of Merit
1078:Bundesverdienstkreuz
764:. Participants were
657:6, remained intact.
417:aircraft factory in
250:Computer engineering
164:Montagestraße SRS 72
3107:O'Connor, John J.;
3053:1 June 2020 at the
3041:1 June 2020 at the
2953:. TU Chemnitz 2006.
2885:Scientific American
2883:(German edition of
2775:computerhistory.org
2626:on 15 October 2023.
2592:. pp. 69–75 .
2524:www.heikewerner.com
2248:Bruderer, Herbert.
2172:12 May 2015 at the
2101:Kreuzberger Chronik
1754:with permission of
1602:on 18 November 2010
1071:Wilhelm Exner Medal
794:Haunetal-Neukirchen
756:and Konrad Zuse in
204:Wilhelm Exner Medal
66:Konrad Zuse in 1992
3317:Computer designers
2987:Herbert Bruderer:
2849:Raul Rojas (ed.):
2176:. PhD thesis, 1945
2077:Idea Group. 2007.
2011:Lippe, Wolfram-M.
1996:. pp. 12–13:
1036:
1023:Awards and honours
980:
911:cellular automaton
903:
880:
869:thought experiment
790:
664:, the area around
619:
614:Statue of Zuse in
502:
461:
411:Ford Motor Company
384:Collegium Hosianum
3279:
3278:
2999:978-3-486-71366-4
2972:978-3-18-150051-4
2874:978-3-940396-14-3
2708:978-0-385-52713-2
2599:978-3-86568-743-2
2476:Joachim Hohmann:
2456:978-0-262-68137-7
2142:978-0-7603-0847-9
2083:978-1-59140-999-1
1993:978-3-540-56453-9
1808:978-0-7867-1769-9
1706:(February 1970).
1672:Calculating Space
1620:"Rechnender Raum"
1365:10.1109/85.586067
1256:978-3-658-12941-5
1110:Konrad Zuse Medal
974:Zuse Memorial in
926:Calculating Space
848:Heinz Rutishauser
378:(now Braniewo in
341:Calculating Space
284:
283:
232:Scientific career
155:Calculating Space
16:(Redirected from
3384:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3125:
2984:
2944:Der Tagesspiegel
2868:, München 2010,
2817:
2816:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:"Zuse-Jahr 2010"
2789:
2783:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2622:. Archived from
2611:
2605:
2603:
2582:Böttiger, Helmut
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2556:Deutsches Museum
2548:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2498:
2489:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2428:. Archived from
2418:
2412:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2255:. Archived from
2254:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2177:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2069:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1970:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1900:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1760:World Scientific
1745:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1624:
1612:
1603:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1409:on 31 May 2013.
1394:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1192:
1130:
1121:Deutsches Museum
996:Faustian bargain
945:
944:
942:Deutsches Museum
937:
922:
841:
840:
825:
824:
773:
736:
735:
726:post-war Germany
711:
710:
669:
668:
656:
655:
650:
636:
635:
634:Methfesselstraße
630:
570:
569:
565:
564:
559:
558:
557:Methfesselstraße
553:
552:
551:Zuse Apparatebau
532:
519:
506:military service
499:
498:
497:Methfesselstraße
473:British air raid
435:
434:
433:Methfesselstraße
429:
428:
337:
297:
292:
280:
245:Computer science
118:, Hesse, Germany
111:
108:18 December 1995
85:
83:
64:
50:
49:
21:
18:Zuse Apparatebau
3392:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3327:German atheists
3282:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3163:
3157:
3097:Wayback Machine
3077:Wayback Machine
3055:Wayback Machine
3043:Wayback Machine
3007:
2973:
2898:Hadwig Dorsch:
2826:
2824:Further reading
2821:
2820:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2790:
2786:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2745:
2741:
2733:The Independent
2724:
2720:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2650:Springer-Verlag
2635:
2631:
2612:
2608:
2600:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2538:Rechnender Raum
2535:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2441:
2437:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2410:Wayback Machine
2388:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2363:Wayback Machine
2341:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2298:
2296:
2295:on 19 July 2011
2292:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2209:www.hopferau.de
2203:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2174:Wayback Machine
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2070:
2066:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2009:
2005:
1994:
1984:Springer-Verlag
1971:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1938:Wayback Machine
1929:
1925:
1918:
1901:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1853:
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1833:
1818:
1814:
1790:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1750:(re-edition in
1743:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1668:Rechnender Raum
1661:
1654:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1622:
1613:
1606:
1589:
1578:
1573:Wayback Machine
1563:
1559:
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1549:
1542:
1528:
1524:
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1503:
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1328:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1304:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1235:Springer Vieweg
1225:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1148:
1123:in Munich. The
1053:Walter Schottky
1049:Fritz Leonhardt
1025:
968:
920:Rechnender Raum
915:digital physics
718:
605:Helmut Schreyer
593:Turing complete
488:
407:
365:
335:Rechnender Raum
314:process control
304:Turing-complete
290:
254:
226:
172:
159:digital physics
124:Alma mater
119:
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109:
100:
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3133:
3127:
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3085:
3080:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3045:
3033:
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3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3005:External links
3003:
3002:
3001:
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2896:
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2262:on 21 May 2013
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2167:Der Plankalkül
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1590:Talk given by
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1547:
1541:978-3030409739
1540:
1522:
1516:978-3030409739
1515:
1497:
1483:
1449:
1435:on 22 May 2013
1415:
1403:german-way.com
1397:Flippo, Hyde.
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1187:Z25 (computer)
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1015:, Hesse (near
967:
964:
956:retrocomputing
779:Eduard Stiefel
717:
714:
687:cruise missile
588:floating-point
563:Belle-Alliance
487:
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798:Bad Hersfeld
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616:Bad Hersfeld
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259:Institutions
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221:Fellow Award
217:
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110:(1995-12-18)
86:22 June 1910
47:
3302:1995 deaths
3297:1910 births
3292:Konrad Zuse
3161:Konrad Zuse
3021:Konrad Zuse
2815:(in German)
2604:(128 pages)
2566:13 February
2506:www.zuse.de
1359:(2): 5–16.
935:"Helixturm"
856:algorithmic
754:Alan Turing
662:Luisenstadt
628:Schnapsidee
573:Mehringdamm
539:glide bombs
388:Hoyerswerda
54:Konrad Zuse
3286:Categories
3101:Horst Zuse
2963:VDI-Verlag
2887:) 1/1997,
2680:4 February
2462:25 October
2266:7 February
2214:28 October
1779:(69 pages)
1592:Horst Zuse
1473:3 February
1197:References
1095:Plankalkül
1081:in 1972 –
992:Nazi Party
839:Plankalkül
823:Plankalkül
762:colloquium
739:ETH Zurich
708:Plankalkül
469:blueprints
376:Braunsberg
322:Plankalkül
150:Plankalkül
82:1910-06-22
43:Heliosturm
32:Horst Zuse
2981:0082-2361
2915:0342-0027
2893:0170-2971
2194:, p. 203.
1650:(9 pages)
766:Womersley
758:Göttingen
748:from the
716:1945–1995
697:in 1945.
672:Göttingen
500:7, Berlin
486:1939–1945
459:in Berlin
438:Kreuzberg
351:. Due to
271:Signature
168:Helixturm
3051:Archived
3039:Archived
2779:Archived
2757:Archived
2640:(1984).
2406:Archived
2391:cite web
2381:18 April
2359:Archived
2344:cite web
2170:Archived
2111:3 August
2105:Archived
1934:Archived
1875:14 April
1869:Archived
1773:2 August
1764:Archived
1739:(2012).
1728:25 March
1719:Archived
1666:(1969).
1644:2 August
1635:Archived
1618:(1967).
1569:Archived
1555:045/018.
1467:Archived
1369:Archived
1329:2 August
1294:2 August
1285:Archived
1146:See also
1073:in 1969.
907:universe
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415:Henschel
3095:at the
3075:at the
2299:21 June
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960:Siemens
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586:22-bit
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223:in 1999
214:in 1972
188:in 1964
116:Hünfeld
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405:Career
392:Abitur
380:Poland
369:Berlin
238:Fields
206:, 1969
177:Awards
90:Berlin
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