1180:
29:
246:(MT) as the basis for his translation. He wrote in the preface to the first edition, "It has been no part of the Translator's plan to attempt to form a New Hebrew or Greek Text—he has therefore somewhat rigidly adhered to the received ones." Young produced a "Revised Version" of his translation in 1887, but he stuck with the Received Text. He wrote in the preface to the Revised Edition, "The Greek Text followed is that generally recognized as the 'Received Text,' not because it is thought perfect, but because the department of Translation is quite distinct from that of
2286:
172:
250:, and few are qualified for both. If the original text be altered by a translator, (except he give his reasons for and against each emendation,) the reader is left in uncertainty whether the translation given is to be considered as that of the old or of the new reading." A new Revised Edition was released ten years after Robert Young's death on October 14, 1888. The 1898 version was based on the TR, easily confirmed by the word "bathe" in
1199:
258::5. The "Publishers' Note to the Third Edition" explains, "The work has been subjected to a fresh revision, making no alteration on the principles on which the Translation proceeds, but endeavouring to make it as nearly perfect in point of accuracy on its present lines as possible." A major revision of Young's Literal Translation in contemporary English, called the
475:
The translation is not perfectly literal. It renders one passage as "And on the first of the
Sabbaths" while it translates another as "And on the first of the week" even though the two phrases are identical in the Greek texts. To quote the preface, "Every effort has been made to secure a comparative
97:
In the beginning of God's preparing the heavens and the earth—the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, and God saith, "Let light be;" and light
458:(who advised, " you are going to interpret in its plain sense, interpret it thus: At the beginning of the creation of heaven and earth, when the earth was (or the earth being) unformed and void God said, 'Let there be light.
580:. However, "age" and "age-enduring" imply indeterminacy which may be either timeless and atemporal or pertaining to an indefinite period of time, the former (but not the latter) meaning having been acquired by the words "
2636:
591:
While it has been argued that "eternity" and "eternal" also have other meanings including "endless period of time" and "endless in time" respectively, this is rarely the case in late antique texts, where the word
552:(eternal, everlasting, forever, etc.). However, there are notable exceptions to this in all major translations, such as: "I am with you always, to the end of the age" (NRSV), the word "age" being a translation of
548:). These two words have basically the same meaning, and YLT translates them and their derivatives as "age" or "age-enduring". Other English versions most often translate them to indicate
641:
who did save us, and did call with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace, that was given to us in Christ Jesus, before the times
756:
And whoever may speak a word against the Son of Man it shall be forgiven to him, but whoever may speak against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this
2310:
1788:
108:
For God did so love the world, that His Son—the only begotten—He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-enduring.
1226:
1911:
370:
Therefore, Young used the present tense in many places in which other translations use the past tense, particularly in narratives. For example, the YLT version of
1905:
401:
And the earth bringeth forth tender grass, herb sowing seed after its kind, and tree making fruit (whose seed in itself) after its kind; and God seeth that good;
606:
And to Him who is able to establish you, according to my good news, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the secret, in the times
399:
And God saith, 'Let the earth yield tender grass, herb sowing seed, fruit-tree (whose seed in itself) making fruit after its kind, on the earth:' and it is so.
1368:
436:
Young's translation is closer to the Hebrew than the better-known versions of this passage in
English. The Revised Standard Version (RSV), which is based on
1917:
1627:
200:
490:, and so with many others. It is the Translator's ever-growing conviction, that even this smaller number may be reduced still further." David Dewey, in
2646:
1694:
660:
for God did so love the world, that His Son—the only begotten—He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life
1219:
391:
And God maketh the expanse, and it separateth between the waters which under the expanse, and the waters which above the expanse: and it is so.
230:
447:
The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters.
387:
and God calleth to the light 'Day,' and to the darkness He hath called 'Night;' and there is an evening, and there is a morning—day one.
366:, it is clear that verbal inspiration is as much overlooked as if it had no existence. THE WORD OF GOD IS MADE VOID BY THE TRADITIONS OF MEN.
2549:
1689:
1474:
2658:
2105:
737:
And mayest Thou not lead us to temptation, but deliver us from the evil, because Thine is the reign, and the power, and the glory—to the
381:
the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters,
2684:
1648:
1954:
1212:
454:
Young's usage of
English present tense rather than past tense has been supported by scholars ranging from the medieval Jewish rabbi
2716:
1717:
193:
165:
2631:
2243:
143:
48:
The Holy Bible, Consisting of the Old and New
Covenants, Translated According to the Letter and Idioms of the Original Languages.
1170:
2711:
2518:
2493:
1621:
1405:
397:
And God calleth to the dry land 'Earth,' and to the collection of the waters He hath called 'Seas;' and God seeth that good.
1776:
395:
And God saith, 'Let the waters under the heavens be collected unto one place, and let the dry land be seen:' and it is so.
44:
The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New
Covenants, Literally and Idiomatically Translated out of the Original Languages
186:
2544:
2228:
1810:
128:
494:, mentions that Young's "method of translating Hebrew tenses makes his Old Testament in places virtually unreadable."
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153:
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And God saith, 'Let an expanse be in the midst of the waters, and let it be separating between waters and waters.'
2009:
1659:
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1235:
1035:& David Konstan: Terms for Eternity: AiĂ´nios and AĂŻdios in Classical and Christian Texts (Gorgias Press 2007)
468:
225:
119:
601:
Compare the following passages, quoted from YLT with words corresponding to "age" or "age-enduring" emphasised:
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And God calleth to the expanse 'Heavens;' and there is an evening, and there is a morning—day second.
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degree of uniformity in rendering the original words and phrases. Thus, for example, the Hebrew verb
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and now having been made manifest, also, through prophetic writings, according to a command of the
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2004:
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And God seeth the light that it is good, and God separateth between the light and the darkness,
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416:", instead of the traditional practice of representing the tetragrammaton in English as "L
8:
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to indicate eternality in this verse would result in the contradictory phrase "end of
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2014:
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Young's
Literal Translation in the 1898 edition also consistently renders the Hebrew
247:
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who did give himself for our sins, that he might deliver us out of the present evil
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New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. XII: Trench – Zwingli
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Richard
Elliott Friedman, "The Bible with Sources revealed", Harpers, 2002.
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who may not receive back manifold more in this time, and in the coming
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God, having been made known to all the nations for obedience of faith—
568:", so the question arises whether it should ever be so. Proponents of
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In the beginning of God's preparing the heavens and the earth—
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is, as the name implies, a very literal translation of the original
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622:
to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to him glory to the
413:
403:
and there is an evening, and there is a morning—day third.
907:"Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 1 - Young's Literal Translation"
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into
English, published in 1862. The translation was made by
221:
537:
514:
Another important feature of YLT is its treatment of the
449:
And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.
685:, which God, who doth not lie, did promise before times
445:
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
482:, which is rendered by the King James' translators in
572:
point out that this has significant implications for
519:
486:
different ways... has been restricted and reduced to
477:
440:, for example, treats verses 1–3 in this way:
893:"Young's Translation: Publisher's Note and Preface"
800:and he shall reign over the house of Jacob to the
282:texts. The Preface to the Second Edition states:
2698:
1695:New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh
1672:The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts
710:, according to the will of God even our Father,
412:(divine name) throughout the Old Testament as "
236:Concise Critical Comments on the New Testament
2678:
1690:Jewish Publication Society of America Version
1220:
1181:Works by or about Young's Literal Translation
598:would be used to designate endless duration.
194:
383:and God saith, 'Let light be;' and light is.
231:Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible
2685:
2671:
1227:
1213:
806:; and of his reign there shall be no end.
201:
187:
27:
16:1862 translation of the Bible into English
1955:New English Translation of the Septuagint
985:Three Pictures of God in Western Theology
265:
1883:New Heart English Bible, Jehovah Edition
1190:Works by Young's Literal Translation
466:in his translation of the Pentateuch in
1827:Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English
2699:
2637:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
887:
885:
883:
775:And these shall go away to punishment
424:, but editions prior to 1898 do say "L
2494:Internationalization and localization
1208:
1171:Young's Literal Translation (3rd ed.)
1628:New International Inclusive Language
952:A User's Guide to Bible Translations
520:
492:A User's Guide to Bible Translations
880:
13:
2627:Books and magazines on translation
2229:List of English Bible translations
1811:New American Bible Revised Edition
497:
129:List of English Bible translations
14:
2733:
2015:Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible
1416:Julia E. Smith Parker Translation
1290:Middle English Bible translations
1151:
925:"Bible, Revised Standard Version"
859:Julia E. Smith Parker Translation
2284:
2244:Early Modern English (1500–1800)
1197:
170:
144:Early Modern English (1500–1800)
33:Title page of the first edition.
2717:Bible translations into English
2010:Logos International Study Bible
1137:
1126:
1115:
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1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1026:
762:, nor in that which is coming.
469:The Bible with Sources Revealed
166:Bible translations into English
2659:Kural translations by language
2632:Bible translations by language
2407:Dynamic and formal equivalence
2005:Dake Annotated Reference Bible
2000:Thompson Chain-Reference Bible
1269:Old English Bible translations
1008:
990:
977:
965:
944:
935:
917:
899:
438:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
1:
2647:List of most translated works
2448:Translation management system
2080:The Life with God Study Bible
2065:New Interpreter's Study Bible
1236:English-language translations
874:
431:
2712:19th-century Christian texts
2120:Modern Dialectal & Slang
1980:Life Application Study Bible
1644:Heinz Cassirer's translation
781:, but the righteous to life
594:
560:
554:
544:
536:
526:
7:
1557:Green's Literal Translation
1196:(public domain audiobooks)
1164:Young's Literal Translation
1158:Young's Literal Translation
854:Green's Literal Translation
842:
478:
214:Young's Literal Translation
22:Young's Literal Translation
10:
2738:
2239:Middle English (1066–1500)
2148:Cambridge University Press
2075:Archaeological Study Bible
2070:Reflecting God Study Bible
1622:New International Reader's
712:to whom the glory to the
507:
290:when the original gives a
220:) is a translation of the
163:
139:Middle English (1066–1500)
2221:
2140:
2119:
2093:
1967:
1945:
1927:
1777:Today's New International
1746:
1726:
1703:
1680:
1660:Holman Christian Standard
1424:
1356:
1298:
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1246:
286:If a translation gives a
149:Modern Christian (1800– )
89:
81:
73:
61:
53:
38:
26:
21:
2622:Journalistic translation
2249:Modern Christian (1800–)
2035:The Lutheran Study Bible
1995:Scofield Reference Bible
1806:Apostolic Bible Polyglot
1734:Four Prophets (Phillips)
1448:Moffatt, New Translation
1020:wordnetweb.princeton.edu
1002:wordnetweb.princeton.edu
864:Literal Standard Version
612:having been kept silent,
570:universal reconciliation
464:Richard Elliott Friedman
262:, was released in 2020.
260:Literal Standard Version
254:and the word "again" in
2504:Video game localization
2412:Contrastive linguistics
2153:Oxford University Press
1990:Reformation Study Bible
1865:The Passion Translation
1610:21st Century King James
2587:Telephone interpreting
2473:Multimedia translation
2234:Old English (pre-1066)
2158:American Bible Society
2030:The Wesley Study Bible
1985:Oxford Annotated Bible
1832:Divine Name King James
1654:International Standard
1438:Rotherham's Emphasized
1166:, complete text online
1160:, complete text online
1016:"WordNet Search - 3.1"
998:"WordNet Search - 3.1"
974:. 1904. pages 378–382.
840:
815:
796:
771:
752:
733:
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656:
637:
452:
406:
368:
266:Translation philosophy
154:Modern Jewish (1853– )
134:Old English (pre-1066)
2519:Software localization
2499:Language localization
2402:Translation criticism
2331:Linguistic validation
2254:Modern Jewish (1853–)
2198:Hendrickson Publisher
2020:MacArthur Study Bible
1871:Revised New Jerusalem
1649:Complete Jewish Bible
1499:New American Standard
1264:Old English Hexateuch
987:". 1995. pages 13–15.
816:
797:
772:
753:
734:
701:
676:
657:
638:
603:
510:Unto the ages of ages
508:Further information:
442:
428:" in small capitals.
376:
284:
2514:Website localization
2208:Saint Benedict Press
2040:Orthodox Study Bible
1900:Tree of Life Version
1877:Evangelical Heritage
1666:Easy-to-Read Version
1586:Contemporary English
1574:New Revised Standard
1369:Brenton's Septuagint
1169:Downloadable PDF of
1033:Ilaria L. E. Ramelli
120:The Bible in English
2722:Translation studies
2581:Video relay service
2438:Machine translation
2397:Translation project
2387:Translation studies
2060:Study Bible for GNT
2055:Study Bible for NLT
2050:Study Bible for ESV
2045:Study Bible for NIV
1822:The Orthodox Jewish
1568:Christian Community
971:Canon F.W. Farrar.
374:begins as follows:
272:Literal Translation
2443:Mobile translation
2188:Lockman Foundation
2141:Notable publishers
1918:Free Bible Version
1859:Christian Standard
1842:Tree of Life Bible
929:quod.lib.umich.edu
679:upon hope of life
2695:
2694:
2566:Untranslatability
2417:Polysystem theory
2262:
2261:
2025:Ryrie Study Bible
1963:
1962:
1912:Majority Standard
1742:
1741:
1528:New International
1432:American Standard
1401:Emphatic Diaglott
1357:18th–19th century
1299:16th–17th century
983:Thomas Talbott. "
248:textual criticism
238:. Young used the
211:
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114:
113:
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2642:Translated books
2592:Language barrier
2509:Dub localization
2288:
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2222:Additional lists
2111:The Action Bible
1925:
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1771:English Standard
1678:
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1616:Third Millennium
1464:Revised Standard
1247:5th–11th century
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2597:Fan translation
2576:Transliteration
2366:Sense-for-sense
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2106:The Manga Bible
2101:The Brick Bible
2089:
2085:The Green Bible
1959:
1941:
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1906:Berean Standard
1889:Legacy Standard
1853:Literal English
1766:World Messianic
1754:Palmarian Bible
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1481:Modern Language
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1379:Young's Literal
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2558:Related topics
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244:Masoretic Text
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93:Genesis 1:1–3
88:
85:Public domain
84:
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30:
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2535:Associations
2481:Localization
2425:Technologies
1968:Study Bibles
1929:Hebrew Bible
1837:Names of God
1747:21st century
1682:Hebrew Bible
1517:New American
1425:20th century
1406:Joseph Smith
1378:
1341:Douay–Rheims
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1100:Matthew 6:13
1095:
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849:Geneva Bible
828:age-enduring
826:
820:
818:
801:
799:
784:age-enduring
782:
778:age-enduring
776:
774:
757:
755:
749:Matthew 6:13
738:
736:
719:
713:
705:
703:
686:
682:age-enduring
680:
678:
663:age-enduring
661:
659:
642:
640:
623:
617:age-enduring
615:
607:
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558:. Rendering
513:
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226:Robert Young
217:
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54:Abbreviation
47:
43:
2654:Translators
2468:Postediting
2463:Pre-editing
2278:Translation
1783:New English
1592:The Message
1534:New Century
1487:New English
1321:Great Bible
644:of the ages
609:of the ages
574:soteriology
484:sixty-seven
344:subjunctive
340:subjunctive
2707:1862 books
2701:Categories
2617:Scanlation
2458:Subtitling
2371:Homophonic
2341:Regulatory
1947:Septuagint
1638:New Living
1633:God's Word
1598:Clear Word
1347:King James
1144:Luke 18:30
875:References
837:Luke 18:30
550:eternality
530:) and the
432:Assessment
348:imperative
336:imperative
2346:Technical
2163:Zondervan
1885:(NHEB-JE)
1795:The Voice
1511:Jerusalem
1505:Good News
1475:New World
1374:Webster's
1364:Challoner
1311:Coverdale
1133:Luke 1:33
1078:Titus 1:2
1067:John 3:16
962:, pg. 134
812:Luke 1:33
697:Titus 1:2
672:John 3:16
104:John 3:16
82:Copyright
65:published
46:3rd ed.:
42:1st ed.:
39:Full name
2356:Cultural
2306:Literary
2270:a series
2268:Part of
2193:Crossway
1791:(RSV2CE)
1789:Ignatius
1718:Phillips
1604:New Life
1563:Recovery
1336:Bishops'
1326:Taverner
1285:Wycliffe
1194:LibriVox
843:See also
835:—
810:—
791:—
766:—
747:—
743:. Amen.
728:—
724:. Amen.
695:—
670:—
651:—
632:—
628:. Amen.
582:eternity
576:and the
566:eternity
499:Eternity
472:(2002).
2550:Schools
2453:Dubbing
2336:Medical
2127:Glasgow
1813:(NABRE)
1727:Partial
1713:Worrell
1385:Revised
1316:Matthew
1306:Tyndale
1238:of the
1183:at the
895:. 1898.
825:, life
718:of the
688:of ages
595:aidiois
586:eternal
584:" and "
414:Jehovah
372:Genesis
358:, or a
346:for an
342:, or a
330:for an
326:, or a
316:perfect
310:, or a
304:perfect
300:present
294:, or a
77:literal
2612:Fandub
2607:Fansub
2540:Awards
2379:Theory
2183:Holman
2132:LOLCat
1873:(RNJB)
1779:(TNIV)
1662:(HCSB)
1624:(NIrV)
1612:(KJ21)
1576:(NRSV)
1547:(NKJV)
1540:Bethel
1523:Living
1501:(NASB)
1470:Anchor
1411:Quaker
1331:Geneva
958:
521:עוֹלָם
516:Hebrew
479:nathan
462:") to
362:for a
354:for a
338:for a
322:for a
314:for a
312:future
308:future
306:for a
276:Hebrew
2583:(VRS)
2326:Kural
2321:Quran
2316:Bible
2301:Legal
2293:Types
1937:Alter
1920:(FBV)
1914:(MSB)
1908:(BSB)
1902:(TLV)
1891:(LSB)
1879:(EHV)
1867:(TPT)
1861:(CSB)
1855:(LEV)
1849:(MEV)
1802:(CEB)
1785:(NET)
1773:(ESV)
1762:(WEB)
1668:(ERV)
1656:(ISV)
1640:(NLT)
1618:(TMB)
1606:(NLV)
1600:(TCW)
1594:(MSG)
1588:(CEV)
1582:(REB)
1570:(CCB)
1559:(GLT)
1553:(NJB)
1536:(NCV)
1530:(NIV)
1519:(NAB)
1507:(GNB)
1495:(BLE)
1489:(NEB)
1483:(MLB)
1477:(NWT)
1466:(RSV)
1460:(BBE)
1434:(ASV)
1396:Darby
1381:(YLT)
1349:(KJV)
1343:(DRV)
1240:Bible
534:word
532:Greek
518:word
456:Rashi
420:" in
334:; an
318:; an
280:Greek
222:Bible
1756:(SH)
1513:(JB)
1453:Knox
1387:(RV)
956:ISBN
803:ages
740:ages
721:ages
715:ages
625:ages
561:aiáą“n
555:aiáą“n
545:aiáą“n
538:αἰών
527:olam
364:verb
360:noun
356:noun
352:verb
350:; a
302:; a
296:past
292:past
278:and
270:The
234:and
69:1862
2433:CAT
1192:at
822:age
759:age
707:age
588:".
503:age
501:or
488:ten
426:ORD
418:ORD
328:the
324:the
218:YLT
98:is.
57:YLT
2703::
2272:on
1018:.
1000:.
954:,
927:.
909:.
882:^
831:.
787:.
691:,
666:.
647:,
2686:e
2679:t
2672:v
2603:)
2599:(
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
1022:.
1004:.
931:.
913:.
542:(
524:(
460:'
332:a
320:a
216:(
202:e
195:t
188:v
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