Jehovah - Knowledge

4590:

but not necessarily nor uniformly, the Supreme. Elohim may be grammatically defined by the article, or by having a suffix attached to it, or by being in construction with a following noun. The Hebrew may say the Elohim, the true God, in opposition to all false gods; but he never says the Jehovah, for Jehovah is the name of the true God only. He says again and again my God; but never my Jehovah, for when he says my God, he means Jehovah. He speaks of the God of Israel, but never of the Jehovah of Israel, for there is no other Jehovah. He speaks of the living God, but never of the living Jehovah, for he cannot conceive of Jehovah as other than living. It is obvious, therefore, that the name Elohim is the name of more general import, seeing that it admits of definition and limitation in these various ways; whereas Jehovah is the more specific and personal name, altogether incapable of limitation."

3820: 3714: 1244: 4683:

the name YHWH had been known to Israel, for 'these rudimentary names which derive from old traditions, and from the oldest of them, never had the function of extending the name so as to stand alongside the name Jahweh to serve as fuller forms of address; rather, they were occasionally made use of in place of the name Jahweh.' In this respect YHWH stands in contrast to the principal deities of the Babylonians and the Egyptians. 'Jahweh had only one name; Marduk had fifty with which his praises as victor over Tiamat were sung in hymns. Similarly, the Egyptian god Re is the god with many names.'

4459:

of the field; "the only argument of any weight, which is employed by the advocates of the pronunciation of the word as it is written being that derived from the form in which it appears in proper names, such as Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, &c. Their antagonists make a strong point of the fact that, as has been noticed above, two different sets of vowel points are applied to the same consonants under certain circumstances. To this Leusden, of all the champions on his side, but feebly replies. The same may be said of the argument derived from the fact that the letters

4049: 2914: 4033: 4060: 275: 915: 1740: 2315:, who said, "There is no syllable without a point, and there is no word without an accent," as showing that the vowel points and the accents found in printed Hebrew Bibles have a dependence on each other, and so Gill attributed the same antiquity to the accents as to the vowel points. Gill acknowledged that Levita, "first asserted the vowel points were invented by " 2142:. He argued for an extreme antiquity of their use, rejecting the idea that the vowel points were invented by the Masoretes. Gill presented writings, including passages of scripture, that he interpreted as supportive of his "Jehovist" viewpoint that the Old Testament must have included vowel-points and accents. He claimed that the use of Hebrew vowel points of 37: 2319:", but made reference to his condition that "if anyone could convince him that his opinion was contrary to the book of Zohar, he should be content to have it rejected." Gill then alludes to the book of Zohar, stating that rabbis declared it older than the Masoretes, and that it attests to the vowel-points and accents. 4589:

The Imperial Bible-Dictionary, Volume 1, p. 856. "Jehovah, on the other hand, the personality of the Supreme is more distinctly expressed. It is every where a proper name, denoting the personal God and him only; whereas Elohim partakes more of the character of a common noun, denoting usually, indeed,

4331:

Jehovah, pr name of the supreme God amongst the Hebrews. The later Hebrews, for some centuries before the time of Christ, either misled by a false interpretation of certain laws (Ex. 20:7; Lev. 24:11), or else following some old superstition, regarded this name as so very holy, that it might not even

2385:

Gill's view that the Hebrew vowel points were in use at the time of Ezra or even since the origin of the Hebrew language is stated in an early 19th-century study in opposition to "the opinion of most learned men in modern times", according to whom the vowel points had been "invented since the time of

6640:

Of the 78 passages where the New Testament, using Κύριος (Lord) for the Tetragrammaton of the Hebrew text, quotes an Old Testament passage, the New World Translation puts "Jehovah" for Κύριος in 70 instances, "God" for Κύριος in 5 (Rom 11:2, 8; Gal 1:15; Heb 9:20; 1 Pet 4:14), and "Lord" for Κύριος

5057:

The settled connotations of Isaiah and Jeremiah forbid questioning their right. Usage has given them the connotation proper for designating the personalities with which these words represent. Much the same is true of Jehovah. It is not a barbarism. It has already many of the connotations needed for

4836:

Quote: "When the vowels of the word adonai are placed with the consonants of YHWH, this results in the familiar word Jehovah that was used in some earlier English Bible translations. As is common among English translations today, the ESV usually renders the personal name of God (YHWH) with the word

4458:

Smith commented, "In the decade of dissertations collected by Reland, Fuller, Gataker, and Leusden do battle for the pronunciation Jehovah, against such formidable antagonists as Drusius, Amama, Cappellus, Buxtorf, and Altingius, who, it is scarcely necessary to say, fairly beat their opponents out

4682:

The Old Testament contains various titles and surrogates for God, such as El Shaddai, El Elyon, Haqqadosh (The Holy One), and Adonai. In chapter three, consideration will be given to names ascribed to God in the patriarchal period. Gerhard von Rad reminds us that these names became secondary after

2378:, discovered in 1946 and dated from 400 BCE to 70 CE, include texts from the Torah or Pentateuch and from other parts of the Hebrew Bible, and have provided documentary evidence that, in spite of claims to the contrary, the original Hebrew texts were written without vowel points. Menahem Mansoor's 5229:

wrote of the combination of the vowels of Adonai and Elohim with the consonants of the divine name, that it "did not become effective until Yehova or Jehova or Johova appeared in two Latin works dated in A.D. 1278 and A.D. 1303; the shortened Jova (declined like a Latin noun) came into use in the

5678:

The writer mentions in particular Christo H. J. Van der Merwe, Jackie A. Naude and Jan H. Kroeze, A Biblical Reference Grammar (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002), and Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt, Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan

3203:

appears 7,199 times in the 1961 edition, 7,210 times in the 1984 revision and 7,216 times in the 2013 revision, comprising 6,979 instances in the Old Testament, and 237 in the New Testament—including 70 of the 78 times where the New Testament quotes an Old Testament passage containing the

5759: 2944:(1876) considered the first complete translation of the Bible into English by a woman. This Bible version was titled The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments; Translated Literally from the Original Tongues. This translation prominently renders the Tetragrammaton as 5638:

Christo H. J. Van der Merwe, Jackie A. Naude and Jan H. Kroeze, A Biblical Reference Grammar (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002), and Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt, Basics of Biblical Hebrew Grammar (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House,

4954:, give the name "Yahweh" as the source of a number of names found in pagan magical texts: Ἰάβας (p. 88), Iaō (described as "a Greek form of the name of the Biblical God, Yahweh", on p. 89), Iaba, Iaē, Iaēo, Iaō, Iaēō (p. 89). On page 92, they call "Iaō" "the divine name". 2189:

authorities Mordechai ben Nisan Kukizov (1699) and his associates, who stated that "all our wise men with one mouth affirm and profess that the whole law was pointed and accented, as it came out of the hands of Moses, the man of God." The argument between

5756: 3704:(1981) is a Sacred Name Bible which uses the name "Yahweh" in both the Old and New Testaments (Chamberlin pp. 51–53). It was produced by the Assemblies of Yahweh elder, the late Jacob O. Meyer, based on the American Standard Version of 1901. 3212:

version of Psalms & Proverbs, contains the word "JEHOVAH" approximately 239 times in the New Testament, where the Peshitta itself does not. In addition, "Jehovah" also appears 695 times in the Psalms and 87 times in Proverbs, totaling 1,021

5445:

Note: Westcott, in his survey of the English Bible, wrote that Tyndale "felt by a happy instinct the potential affinity between Hebrew and English idioms, and enriched our language and thought for ever with the characteristics of the Semitic

2366:

Despite Jehovist claims that vowel signs are necessary for reading and understanding Hebrew, modern Hebrew (apart from young children's books, some formal poetry and Hebrew primers for new immigrants), is written without vowel points. The

4448:

According to the preface, this was because the translators felt that the "Jewish superstition, which regarded the Divine Name as too sacred to be uttered, ought no longer to dominate in the English or any other version of the Old

400:, Biblical scholar Francis B. Dennio said: "Jehovah misrepresents Yahweh no more than Jeremiah misrepresents Yirmeyahu. The settled connotations of Isaiah and Jeremiah forbid questioning their right." Dennio argued that the form 3933:

the statement that this was the Egyptian name of the supreme God. He comments: "This is in fact a very correct representation, if we give each vowel its true Greek sound, of the Hebrew pronunciation of the word Jehovah." (2nd

2515:

Drusius stated "Galatinus first led us to this mistake I know nobody who read thus earlier"). An editor of Drusius in 1698, however, knows of an earlier reading in Porchetus de Salvaticis. John Drusius wrote that neither

1814:

used "Iehouah". Tyndale wrote about the divine name: "IEHOUAH , is God's name; neither is any creature so called; and it is as much to say as, One that is of himself, and dependeth of nothing. Moreover, as oft as thou seest

2185:, citing Jewish tradition that Hebrew was the first language. He argued that throughout this history the Masoretes did not invent the vowel points and accents, but that they were delivered to Moses by God at Sinai, citing 3233:

of 1609 renders the phrase in Exodus 6:3 as "and my name Adonai", and in its footnote says: "Adonai is not the name here vttered to Moyses but is redde in place of the vnknowen name". The Challoner revision (1750) uses

2122:(1832) Thomas D. Ross has given an account of the controversy on this matter in England down to 1833. G. A. Riplinger, John Hinton, Thomas M. Strouse, are more recent defenders of the authenticity of the vowel points. 2198:

on whether it was lawful to pronounce the name represented by the Tetragrammaton is claimed to show that some copies have always been pointed (voweled) and that some copies were not pointed with the vowels because of

3393:), published by the American Bible Society (1976). Its preface states: "the distinctive Hebrew name for God (usually transliterated Jehovah or Yahweh) is in this translation represented by 'The Lord'." A footnote to 2083:

to be the original pronunciation of the divine name, argue that the Hebraic vowel-points and accents were known to writers of the scriptures in antiquity and that both Scripture and history argue in favor of their

5995:

Gould, William H.; Quick, Charles W., eds. (1865). "Of the Integrity and Purity of the Hebrew and Greek Text of the Scripture; with Considerations on the Prolegomena and Appendix to the Late "Biblia Polyglotta"".

3207:

The Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English (2010) by David Bauscher, a self-published English translation of the New Testament, from the Aramaic of The Peshitta New Testament with a translation of the ancient

2039:

state that the Hebrew vowel points now found in printed Hebrew Bibles were invented in the second half of the first millennium AD, long after the texts were written. This is indicated in the authoritative

2400:

The Qere Kethib marginal notes give variant readings only of the letters, never of the points, an indication either that these were added later or that, if they already existed, they were seen as not so

5627: 523:) in place of the Tetragrammaton and instead combined the four Hebrew letters of the Tetragrammaton with the vowel points that, except in synagogue scrolls, accompanied them, resulting in the form 3697:

where "LORD Jehovah" appears in the source text. The print edition of both versions have divine names printed in brown and includes a commentary. Both editions use "Yahweh" in the Old Testament.

4711:

The psalter in its Episcopal and Lutheran forms uses small capital letters to represent the tetragrammaton YHWH, the personal name of the deity: LORD; it uses 'Lord' as a translation of Adonai.

3760:

Lyrics of some Christian hymns, for example, "Guide me, O thou great Jehovah", include "Jehovah". The form also appears in some reference books and novels, appearing several times in the novel

407:

According to a Jewish tradition developed during the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE, the Tetragrammaton is written but not pronounced. When read, substitute terms replace the divine name where

3352:

when spelled with capital letters, stands for the divine name, YHWH." The preface states: "The word 'Jehovah' does not accurately represent any form of the name ever used in Hebrew".

2572:

Lewis Cappel reached the conclusion that Hebrew vowel points were not part of the original Hebrew language. This view was strongly contested by John Buxtorff the elder and his son.

5876: 2435:) read the letters with vowels different from those indicated by the points, an indication that the texts from which they were translating were without points. The same holds for 2909:

in all cases where it appears in the original King James Version, as well as another seven times in Isaiah 51:21, Jeremiah 16:21; 23:6; 32:18; 33:16, Amos 5:8 and Micah 4:13.

404:

is not a barbarism, but is the best English form available, being that it has for centuries gathered the necessary connotations and associations for valid use in English.

2501: 2235:

can be traced back to early historical sources which indicate that vowel points and/or accents were used in their time. Sources Gill claimed supported his view include:

3427:", and adds a note: "Hebrew YHWH, traditionally Jehovah", except at Psalms 68:4, Isaiah 12:2, Isaiah 26:4 and Isaiah 38:11 where the tetragrammaton is rendered "Yah". 4911:, Vol. 88, No. 3 (July, 1995), p. 318. Quote: "Although most scholars believe "Jehovah" to be a late (c. 1100 CE) hybrid form derived by combining the Latin letters 230:

states that to pronounce the Tetragrammaton "it is necessary to introduce vowels that alter the written and spoken forms of the name (i.e. 'Yahweh' or 'Jehovah')."

5292:

Paul Joüon and T. Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew (Subsidia Biblica). Part One: Orthography and Phonetics. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblio, 1996.

3386:". In its preface it says: "It is known that for many years YHWH has been transliterated as Yahweh, however no complete certainty attaches to this pronunciation." 8175: 4947: 6802: 6564: 6535: 393:, based on their conclusion that the Tetragrammaton was likely tri-syllabic originally, and that modern forms should therefore also have three syllables. 3196: 3106:

at Psalms 68:4 in addition to where it appears in the Authorized King James Version, a total of 8 times. A revision including the Apocrypha entitled the

2895:

in Exodus 6:3, Psalm 83:18, Isaiah 12:2 (see image), Isaiah 26:4, and three times in compound place names at Genesis 22:14, Exodus 17:15 and Judges 6:24.

3348:", depending on whether the Hebrew of the verse in question is read "Adonai" or "Elohim" in Jewish practice. A footnote on Exodus 3:15 says: "The word L 3071:

appears 428 times according to the Living Bible Concordance by Jack Atkeson Speer and published by Poolesville Presbyterian Church; 2nd edition (1973).

385:

is an Anglicized form of Yhovah," and preserves the four Hebrew consonants "YHVH" (with the introduction of the "J" sound in English). Some argue that

2394:

text of the Bible is read without them and that several other Semitic languages, kindred to Hebrew, are written without any indications of the vowels.

7362: 3370:(1971, updated 1995), another revision of the 1901 American Standard Version, followed the example of the Revised Standard Version. Its footnotes to 6445: 4919:(the traditionally pronounced version of יהוה), many magical texts in Semitic and Greek establish an early pronunciation of the divine name as both 7656: 2961:

where it appears in the King James Version, and another eight times in Exodus 6:2,6–8, Psalm 68:20, Isaiah 49:14, Jeremiah 16:21 and Habakkuk 3:19.

2752:

summarizes these discourses, concluding that "whatever, therefore, be the true pronunciation of the word, there can be little doubt that it is not

4812: 5931: 1786:("The Five Books of Moses") published in 1530 in Germany, where Tyndale had studied since 1524, possibly in one or more of the universities at 6666: 6260: 4471:, take, not the vowels which they would regularly receive were the present pronunciation true, but those with which they would be written if 3359:(1970, revised 1986, 1991). Its footnote to Genesis 4:25–26 says: "... men began to call God by his personal name, Yahweh, rendered as "the L 2994:

The Modern Reader's Bible (1914) an annotated reference study Bible based on the English Revised Version of 1894 by Richard Moulton, renders

2397:

The books used in synagogue worship have always been without vowel points, which, unlike the letters, have thus never been treated as sacred.

7282:

Biblia Sacra, sive Testamentum Vetus et Novum, ex linguis originalibus in linguam Latinam translatum à Sebastiano Schmidt, Argentorati, 1696

6624: 4816: 3192: 1934: 1787: 243: 227: 5777: 1012:. One of these frequent cases was God's name, which was not to be pronounced in fear of profaning the "ineffable name". Instead, wherever 6822: 7551: 7534: 5205: 2666:

regarding the late origin (invention by the Masoretes) of the Hebrew vowel points, a subject which gave rise to the controversy between

3819: 5077: 4996:, – lectio difficilior 2/2005. Quote: "IAO can be seen as a transliteration of YAHU, the three-letter form of the Name of God" (p. 6). 2203:", for control of interpretation by some Judeo sects, including non-pointed copies in synagogues. Gill claimed that the pronunciation 6974:" is interpreted as meaning "my God Ieoa is mightier". ("La prononciation 'Jehova' du tétragramme", O.T.S. vol. 5, 1948, pp. 57, 58. 6885:

The commonly used form of God's name in English is Jehovah, translated from the Hebrew , which appears some 7,000 times in the Bible.

5243:

The Geneva Bible uses the form "Jehovah" in Exodus 6:3, Psalm 83:18, Jeremiah 16:21, Jeremiah 32:18, Genesis 22:14, and Exodus 17:15.

4044:(1270, p. 559), containing the phrase "Jehova, sive Adonay, qvia Dominus es omnium" (Jehovah, or Adonay, for you are the Lord of all) 3041:

in Exodus 3:15–16 and 6:3, and in four place names at Genesis 22:14, Exodus 17:15, Judges 6:24 and Ezekiel 48:35. A total of 7 times.

6194: 5650: 3562:

as: "I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God Almighty , but by My name the Lord I did not make Myself known to them ."

3165: 2439:'s transliteration of the Hebrew text into Greek letters. Jerome expressly speaks of a word in Habakkuk 3:5, which in the present 6717: 6032: 6091: 4739:

In the Hebrew Bible, the specific personal name for the God of Israel is given using the four consonants, the 'Tetragrammaton',

3651:(1988) is a translation of the Christian Bible in the English language originally produced in the Philippines and uses "Yahweh". 7623: 7415: 7054: 6733: 6025: 5273: 7455:

Schoenfeld, Aviv (2020-06-18). "Abishai, Daniel and Hezekiah. Lexical Secreted Affixation in Biblical Hebrew personal names".

8180: 7445: 7423: 6178: 5660: 5512: 4732: 4704: 4675: 4646: 4566: 3477:, when spelled with capital letters, stands for the divine name, YHWH, which is here connected with the verb hayah, 'to be'." 3452: 6480:"Bibliotheca biblica; a select list of books on sacred literature; with notices biographical, critical, and bibliographical" 3741:, some churches and public buildings across Europe were decorated with variants and cognates of "Jehovah". For example, the 8170: 5734:

Tractatus de punctorum origine, antiquitate, et authoritate, oppositus Arcano puntationis revelato Ludovici Cappelli (1648)

3238:

with a note stating, "some moderns have framed the name Jehovah, unknown to all the ancients, whether Jews or Christians."

6220: 5234:

in 1530 A.D., in Tyndale's translation of the Pentateuch (Exodus 6.3), from which it passed into other Protestant Bibles."

4802:

in 1530 A.D., in Tyndale's translation of the Pentateuch (Exodus 6.3), from which it passed into other Protestant Bibles."

3929:), the seven vowels of the Greek alphabet arranged in this order. Charles William King attributes to a work that he calls 3762: 178:, during the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE, the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton came to be avoided, being substituted with 6275: 3824: 6565:

https://web.archive.org/web/20061029004731/http://www.apuritansmind.com/MemoirsPuritans/MemoirsPuritansThomasGataker.htm

5839:

A collection of sermons and tracts ...: To which are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Life, Writing, and Character of the Author

5111:

George Wesley Buchanan, "How God's Name Was Pronounced," Biblical Archaeology Review 21.2 (March–April 1995), pp. 31–32.

4119: 3024:

in Genesis 22:14, Exodus 3:15, Exodus 6:3 and Isaiah 12:2. This translation was a revision of an earlier translation by

7196:"Non enim h quatuor liter si, ut punctat sunt, legantur, Ioua reddunt: sed (ut ipse optime nosti) Iehoua efficiunt." ( 6493: 5304:, whilst the Ktiv is probably(1) יַהְוֶה (according to ancient witnesses)." "Note 1: In our translations, we have used 5297: 3154: 5745:

Biblical Theology (Morgan, Pennsylvania: Soli Deo Gloria Publications, 1996 reprint of the 1661 edition), pp. 495–533.

7371: 7010: 6913: 6653: 6127: 5723:

Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masoreticus (1620; quarto edition, improved and enlarged by J. Buxtorf the younger, 1665)

5612: 5476: 5350: 4975: 4945: 4165: 2941: 6799: 2693:

Continued his father's arguments that the pronunciation and therefore the Hebrew vowel points resulting in the name

2687:

Tractatus de punctorum origine, antiquitate, et authoritate, oppositus Arcano puntationis revelato Ludovici Cappelli

1798:, where Hebrew was taught. The spelling used by Tyndale was "Iehouah"; at that time, "I" was not distinguished from 148: 8185: 8165: 7406: 5269:, without "Jehovah", was composed in Welsh in 1745; the English translation, with "Jehovah", was composed in 1771 ( 4667: 4629: 3718: 3701: 5910: 5362: 5015: 4866: 2330: 7183:

For example, Gesenius rendered Proverbs 8:22 in Latin as: "Jehova creavit me ab initio creationis". (Samuel Lee,

4965: 4498:

would, according to the rules of the Hebrew points, be written without dagesh, whereas it is uniformly inserted."

4283: 3596: 3099: 2930: 2839:, in his 1530 translation of the first five books of the English Bible, at Exodus 6:3 renders the divine name as 2015: 365:, well-established English transliterations of other Hebrew personal names are accepted in normal usage, such as 6543: 7567: 7236: 4517: 3088: 2926: 2471:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, various arguments were presented for and against the transcription of the form

239: 3220:(2011) – Uses JEHOVAH 6,973 times throughout the OT, and LORD with Jehovah in parentheses 128 times in the NT. 8072: 6751: 4231: 3509: 2886: 1870: 1811: 3371: 8190: 7661: 5064:

The use of any other word falls far short of the proper ideas that it is a serious blemish in a translation

5060:

There is no word which can faintly compare with it. For centuries it has been gathering these connotations.

3459: 3438: 3394: 3375: 3258: 3250: 3246: 2812:, as in Obad. i. 1, Hab. iii. 19:" This practice is also observed in many modern publications, such as the 1987: 1975: 1291:. As indicated to the right, the vowel points used when the Tetragrammaton is intended to be pronounced as 527:. This form, which first took effect in works dated 1278 and 1303, was adopted in Tyndale's and some other 152: 4904: 7920: 6452: 3367: 3118: 3074: 2390:

The argument that vowel points are necessary for learning to read Hebrew is refuted by the fact that the

1957: 974:—the marginal notation used by the Masoretes. In places where the consonants of the text to be read (the 3268:

instead of a generic title (e.g., the LORD) or a conjectural transliteration (e.g., Yahweh or Jehovah):

3052:

at Psalms 68:4 in addition to where it appears in the Authorized King James Version, a total of 8 times.

2316: 7616: 7397: 7051:, in which Martin argued that the vowel points were added to the Hebrew text only in the 10th century ( 6117: 5176: 4634: 4620: 3790:, "Jehovah" is thought to be the name by which Jesus was known prior to his birth; references to "the L 2843:. In his foreword to this edition he wrote: "Iehovah is God's name... Moreover, as oft as thou seeist L 2119: 1247:

The spelling of the Tetragrammaton and connected forms in the Hebrew Masoretic text of the Bible, with

24: 4882: 3794:" in the KJV Old Testament are therefore understood to be references to the pre-mortal Jesus, whereas 3754: 3713: 3336:(1952), an authorized revision of the American Standard Version of 1901, replaced all 6,823 usages of 2048:, and is acknowledged even by those who say that guides to Hebrew are perpetuating "scholarly myths". 7411: 6642: 6069: 5938: 5852:

An Essay on the Antiquity and Utility of the Hebrew Vowel-Points (Glasgow: John Reid & Co., 1833)

4600: 3679: 3648: 3431: 3401: 3169: 2980: 1963: 1928: 563: 235: 218:

in his translation of Exodus 6:3, and appears in some other early English translations including the

6017: 5835:"A Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Letters, Vowel-Points, and Accents" 5676:

Thomas M. Strouse, Scholarly Myths Perpetuated on Rejecting the Masoretic Text of the Old Testament.

5568: 5394:

A Hebrew and English lexicon of the Old Testament – with an appendix containing the biblical Aramaic

5328: 2408:

drew their mysteries only from the letters and completely disregarded the points, if there were any.

5533: 5345:

Marvin H. Pope, Job – Introduction, in Job (The Anchor Bible, Vol. 15). February 19, 1965, p. XIV.

3971: 3779: 3503: 3466: 3333: 2382:

claims the vowel points found in printed Hebrew Bibles were devised in the 9th and 10th centuries.

1951: 1670: 381:, for which the original pronunciations may be unknown. They also point out that "the English form 28: 7592: 6819: 6246: 6021: 5580: 4430: 3132:(1999, 2003, 2016) renders the Tetragrammaton as Jehovah throughout the Old Testament 6,841 times. 2443:

has three consonant letters and two vowel points, as being of three letters and no vowel whatever.

8195: 8057: 8000: 7666: 7252:

The State of the Printed Hebrew Text of the Old Testament considered: A Dissertation in two parts

6618: 6588: 6479: 4155: 4107: 3532: 3290: 2952: 2749: 2462:, nor any Christian writer for several centuries after Christ make any reference to vowel points. 2304: 2140:

A Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Letters, Vowel-Points and Accents

2094:, such as Nehemia Gordon, hold this view. The antiquity of the vowel points and of the rendering 1313: 1215: 553: 6903: 4850: 1243: 6955: 5830: 3775: 3738: 3675: 3566: 3547:

appears in the King James Version except in Psalms 83:18, "Yahweh" also appears in Exodus 3:15.

3488: 3416: 3230: 3107: 3091:(1985) by Jay P. Green, published by Sovereign Grace Publishers, renders the Tetragrammaton as 2871:

in Exodus 6:3, Psalm 83:18, and two other times as place-names, Genesis 22:14 and Exodus 17:15.

2553:

Sixtinus Amama was a Professor of Hebrew in the University of Franeker and a pupil of Drusius.

2424: 2326: 2131: 2115: 2111: 2009: 1969: 1939: 1849: 7528: 6314: 5834: 5502: 4991: 3658:(1997) is based on the 1901 American Standard Version, but uses "Yahweh" instead of "Jehovah". 502:) has been characterized by some as a "hybrid form", and even "a philological impossibility". 7671: 7609: 7584: 7561: 7488: 5554: 4530: 3013: 2898: 2294: 2191: 348: 175: 111: 4360:, but with this difference, that the initial Yod receives a simple and not a compound Sh'va 4059: 422:) appears in the text. It is widely assumed, as proposed by the 19th-century Hebrew scholar 7978: 7353: 7267:

The First Twelve Psalms in Hebrew with Latin Version, Pronunciation, and Grammatical Praxis

5675: 5081: 4115: 3949: 3665: 3481: 8093: 7385: 5391:

Brown, Francis; Robinson, Edward; Driver, Samuel Rolles; Briggs, Charles Augustus (1906).

5159:

The Law and the Prophets: Old Testament Studies Prepared in Honor of Oswald Thompson Allis

4169: 3397:

states: "I am sounds like the Hebrew name Yahweh traditionally transliterated as Jehovah."

911:

was among the modern scholars that recognized "Jehovah" to be "grammatically impossible".

8: 6198: 4759: 4271: 4111: 3655: 3641: 3445: 2679: 2671: 2371:

scrolls do not include vowel points, and ancient Hebrew was written without vowel signs.

2300: 2135: 2107: 1997: 1981: 159: 5392: 4048: 3585: 3405: 3204:

Tetragrammaton, where the Tetragrammaton does not appear in any extant Greek manuscript.

3181:

Bible translations with the divine name in both the Old Testament and the New Testament:

8086: 7545: 7492: 7133: 7125: 6941: 6860: 6785: 6427: 6419: 6380: 5428: 5226: 5195: 5049:

Dennio, Francis B., "On the Use of the Word Jehovah in Translating the Old Testament",

4760:"Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia Vol. : 0494=470 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4572: 4211: 3686: 3671: 3589: 3356: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3217: 3136: 3078: 2913: 2347: 1912: 1795: 543: 223: 46: 6714: 6029: 4697:

Commentary on the Lutheran Book of Worship: Lutheran Liturgy in Its Ecumenical Context

4032: 3559: 2987:

in 6,823 places in the Old Testament.(Note: The Watchtower Edition of the ASV renders

2847:

in great letters (except there be any error in the printing) it is in Hebrew Iehovah."

899:

Taking the spellings at face value may have been as a result of not knowing about the

7476: 7441: 7419: 7367: 7137: 7034:(Dogmatics of the Orthodox Catholic Church), 3rd ed., 1997 (c. 1958), Vol. 1, p. 229. 6909: 6649: 6431: 6174: 6123: 6095: 5656: 5608: 5508: 5472: 5346: 5293: 4971: 4728: 4700: 4671: 4642: 4608: 4576: 4562: 4538: 3441:(1990), a revision of the Revised Standard Version uses "LORD" and "GOD" exclusively. 3150: 3060: 3032: 3002: 2969: 2875: 2451: 1906: 1008: 900: 329: 7058: 6737: 6168: 5270: 7648: 7508: 7468: 7464: 7393: 7341: 7314: 7117: 7055:"The Battle over the Hebrew Vowel Points Examined Particularly as Waged in England" 6411: 6372: 6224: 5978: 5420: 4638: 4616: 4554: 4550: 4332:

be pronounced (see Philo, Vit. Mosis t.iii. p.519, 529). Whenever, therefore, this

4279: 4145: 4123: 4103: 4093: 4037: 4012: 3956:

received the records of the Jews from Hierombalus, priest of the god Ieuo. (c. 315)

3627: 3129: 2918: 2760:

throughout his dictionary and when translating Hebrew names. Some examples include

2642: 2447: 2420: 2375: 2284: 2206: 2195: 2152: 2103: 2054: 1824: 577:", which is generally used in the King James Version. It is also used in Christian 423: 60: 7578: 7345: 6701: 6518: 5877:

The Battle Over The Hebrew Vowel Points, Examined Particularly As Waged in England

5698: 5548: 5252:

At Genesis 22:14; Exodus 6:3; 17:15; Judges 6:24; Psalm 83:18, Isaiah 12:2; 26:4.

2329:, and others held that Jesus Christ referred to a Hebrew vowel point or accent at 466:

into the Tetragrammaton, producing a different vocalization of the Tetragrammaton

8200: 8030: 7851: 7787: 7401: 7381: 7357: 6826: 6806: 6721: 6628: 6036: 5763: 5466: 5277: 5157:

R. Laird Harris, "The Pronunciation of the Tetragram," in John H. Skilton (ed.),

4951: 4887:

New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. XII: Trench – Zwingli

4870: 4624: 4604: 4303: 4235: 4177: 4089: 3634: 3551: 3390: 2991:

in 6,870 places in the Old Testament, 47 more times than in mainstream editions.)

2836: 2618: 2577: 2454:(in all their recounting of Rabbinical disputes about the meaning of words), nor 2186: 2091: 2032: 2003: 1922: 1845: 1779: 1739: 1034: 211: 94: 6330: 6048: 3746: 3324:), and in some cases saying that this name is "traditionally" transliterated as 2955:(1881–1885, published with the Apocrypha in 1894) renders the Tetragrammaton as 2086: 344:

that is testified in both Christian and pagan texts of the early Christian era.

324:. Some hold that there is evidence that a form of the Tetragrammaton similar to 36: 8125: 8040: 7990: 7936: 7910: 7841: 7676: 7433: 6876: 6605: 6143: 5378: 5220: 4791: 4288: 3925: 3898: 3875: 3848: 3803: 3795: 3768: 3615: 3265: 3025: 2702: 2539: 2440: 1791: 944: 919: 908: 337: 333: 311: 274: 263: 139: 127: 115: 41: 7472: 6830: 6000:. Vol. 9. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Leighton Publications. p. 110. 5142: 5138: 5134: 5095: 5062:

No other word approaches this name in the fullness of associations required.

4558: 1823:, Thou that art; or, He that is." The name is also found in a 1651 edition of 1819:

in great letters (except there be any error in the printing), it is in Hebrew

1006:. For a few very frequent words the marginal note was omitted, referred to as 8159: 7826: 7480: 6292: 5963: 5894: 5200: 5146: 4207: 3953: 3854: 3570: 3382:, which is derived from the verb HAYAH, to be"; "Heb YHWH, usually rendered L 3064: 2322: 2099: 1888: 528: 162:

is that the historical vocalization of the Tetragrammaton at the time of the

135: 6846: 6497: 5230:

sixteenth century. The Reformers preferred Jehovah, which first appeared as

914: 234:

appears in the Old Testament of some widely used translations including the

8103: 8081: 7927: 7858: 7632: 7512: 7151: 6833: 5055:

Jehovah misrepresents Yahweh no more than Jeremiah misrepresents Yirmeyahu.

4833: 4298: 4275: 4221: 4052: 4008: 3742: 3056: 3045: 2902: 2862: 2725: 2667: 2558: 2343: 2278: 2253: 1900: 1396: 533: 254:

does not appear in most mainstream English translations, some of which use

219: 131: 90: 7204:

Online, 1989/2008, Oxford University Press, "Jehovah"). Peter Galatin was

5411:

Karpman, Dahlia M. (1967). "Tyndale's Response to the Hebraic Tradition".

4379:); prefixes, however, receive the same points as if they were followed by 196:, and the resulting form was transliterated around the 12th century CE as 8108: 7958: 7953: 7941: 7915: 7706: 7696: 7643: 6173:. Internet Archive. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 30. 5266: 4203: 4199: 3798:, who is regarded as a separate individual, is sometimes referred to as " 3783: 3734: 3726: 2965: 2851: 2663: 2312: 1894: 6687: 6028:

and for a more modern scholarly view of its meaning in that context see

5209:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 311. 3125:

in all the places where it appears in the Authorized King James Version.

3081:, published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, renders the name 3001:

The Holy Scriptures (1936, 1951), Hebrew Publishing Company, revised by

2051:"Jehovist" scholars, largely earlier than the 20th century, who believe 567:

the form "Je-ho'vah" became the regular English rendering of the Hebrew

541:

six times, four as the proper name, and two as place-names. In the 1611

7898: 7883: 7389: 7205: 6772: 6384: 6360: 6331:"B. Pick, The Vowel-Points Controversy in the XVI. and XVII. Centuries" 5652:

Godwin's Cabalistic Encyclopedia: A Complete Guide to Cabalistic Magick

5581:"Exodus 6:3-11 – I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as Go..." 5432: 5022: 4863: 4612: 4389: 4336:

occurred in the sacred text, they were accustomed to substitute for it

4266: 3999: 3153:(1864) a Greek-English Interlinear translation of the New Testament by 2428: 2412: 1783: 362: 7129: 7104: 6988: 6423: 6399: 3753:(English, "The name of Jehovah is the strongest tower"), derived from 2509:

Tetragrammaton, sive de Nomine Die proprio, quod Tetragrammaton vocant

8035: 7985: 7758: 7527: 7209: 5982: 5488: 4599: 3965: 3943: 3915: 3888: 3865: 3838: 3787: 3535:(1939) by J. M. Powis Smith and Edgar J. Goodspeed. Generally uses "L 2391: 2098:

was defended by various scholars, including Michaelis, Drach, Stier,

1772: 1690: 1674: 966:

is believed to have arisen through the introduction of vowels of the

512: 443: 193: 163: 7560: 5455:

The first English-language book to make a clear distinction between

5424: 4531:"The 'God of Israel' and the Politics of Divinity in Ancient Israel" 2738:

John Leusden wrote three discourses in defense of the name Jehovah.

8118: 8113: 8098: 8052: 7995: 7948: 7792: 7748: 7743: 7312: 7121: 6862:

The Greatest Story Ever Told A Tale Of The Greatest Life Ever Lived

6415: 6376: 3412:

sounds like and may be related to the Hebrew for I AM in verse 14."

3209: 2459: 2405: 2200: 645: 370: 283: 3606:, but in its second edition increased the number of times it uses 3470: 8062: 8015: 7973: 7932: 7878: 7846: 7831: 7812: 7768: 7763: 7753: 7738: 7733: 5308:, a form widely accepted by scholars, instead of the traditional 4849:

Bruce M. Metzger for the New Revised Standard Version Committee.

4633:. Vol. 5. Translated by Bromiley, Geoffrey William. Leiden: 4420: 4173: 4063:

A Latin rendering of the Tetragrammaton has been the form "Jova".

3009:

where it appears in the King James Version except in Isaiah 26:4.

2828:

The following versions of the Bible render the Tetragrammaton as

2585:

Exercitatio grammatica de punctis ac pronunciatione tetragrammati

2288: 2246:

Judab Muscatus, which claim that the vowel points were taught to

1853: 1694: 573:, all throughout, in preference to the previously dominant "the L 5365:– New Church Review, Volume 15, p. 89. Retrieved 22 August 2015. 3423:

wherever it appears in the Authorized King James Version with "L

1995:" or "Lord" as their rendering of the Tetragrammaton, while the 1743:

The "peculiar, special, honorable and most blessed name of God"

8142: 7888: 7863: 7802: 7797: 7601: 4964:

Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.; Beck, Astrid B. (2000).

4546: 4542: 3799: 3310: 2436: 2432: 2416: 2335: 2265: 2259: 2239: 1248: 983: 599: 461: 374: 366: 255: 181: 171: 7577: 7544: 6752:"The HCSB 2nd Edition and the Tetragrammaton – MaybeToday.org" 5628:

Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition), p. 38

5547: 5499:

was not accepted as a distinct letter until many years later (

5194: 3573:

Publishers as a successor to the Living Bible, generally uses

2411:

In several cases, ancient translations from the Hebrew Bible (

298:) to be a hybrid form derived by combining the Hebrew letters 8045: 8025: 7968: 7893: 7873: 7819: 7778: 7713: 7701: 7366:. Vol. 5. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 2003–2005. 6969: 6935:

He speaks of it as anonymous: "the writer 'On Interpretations

6702:"Preface to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible (1971)" 4481: 3959: 3937: 3909: 3882: 3859: 3832: 3722: 3144:

Bible translations with the divine name in the New Testament:

2455: 2368: 2272: 2243: 1863: 1844:) appeared in all early Protestant Bibles in English, except 1756: 1726: 1710: 1664: 1658: 1298: 1292: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1256: 1203: 1176: 1149: 1131: 1098: 1083: 1068: 1062: 1047: 1028: 1022: 1001: 995: 989: 981: 975: 967: 957: 891: 885: 780: 624: 618: 612: 578: 506: 505:

Early modern translators disregarded the practice of reading

497: 482: 476: 459: 453: 433: 427: 417: 378: 319: 305: 187: 179: 167: 105: 7380: 361:

has been obscured by disuse of the spoken name according to

8067: 8020: 8010: 8005: 7963: 7868: 7807: 7773: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7691: 7090:

A Synopsis of Criticisms upon Passages of the Old Testament

6991:), the official periodical of the Greek Evangelical Church. 4993:

The Names of God, Their Pronunciation and Their Translation

4794:, "The early translators generally substituted 'Lord' for . 4486:, were the reading; and that the letters ordinarily taking 4027: 3316: 3005:, a Hebrew Bible translation in English, contains the form 2386:

Christ". The study presented the following considerations:

2247: 2227: 2221: 2212: 2182: 2173: 2167: 2158: 2075: 2069: 2060: 969: 81: 75: 7223:

Introduction to the Old Testament of the New English Bible

6865:. Universal Digital Library. Doubleday & Company, Inc. 5222:

Introduction to the Old Testament of the New English Bible

4788:

Introduction to the Old Testament of the New English Bible

3048:, published by Associated Publishers and Authors, renders 2380:

The Dead Sea Scrolls: A College Textbook and a Study Guide

2057: 63: 8135: 7905: 7110:

The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures

6404:

The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures

5390: 4832:

English Standard Version Translation Oversight Committee

4798:

The Reformers preferred Jehovah, which first appeared as

4293: 3419:(1982), though based on the King James Version, replaces 2794:; but when the two occur together, the former is pointed 2209: 2155: 581:

such as the 1771 hymn, "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah".

446:

to indicate that these substitutes were to be used. When

439: 66: 7457:

Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics

6667:"Rheims Douai, 1582–1610: a machine-readable transcript" 4354:

are in the Masoretic text placed under the four letters

3308:, generally indicating that the corresponding Hebrew is 2998:

where it appears in the English Revised Version of 1894.

2905:, a revision of the King James Bible, contains the form 980:) differed from the consonants of the written text (the 214:

first introduced the vocalization of the Tetragrammaton

7836: 7313:

Encyclopaedia Britannica staff, The, ed. (2017-09-20).

6688:"Douay–Rheims Catholic Bible, Book Of Exodus Chapter 6" 5757:

A Dissertation on the Hebrew Vowel-Points (PDF 58.6 MB)

5397:. Kelly. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 218. 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 3462:

or CEV (also known as Bible for Today's Family) (1995).

2281:(31 CE), based on Gill's interpretation of Matthew 5:18 1208:. It has been argued conversely that the disuse of the 5122:

Gesenius's Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament

3974:

magical text (2nd–3rd centuries), M. Kyriakakes (2000)

3674:(2011, 2014), edited by Ann Spangler and published by 3102:(1994), published by Deuel Enterprises, Inc., renders 2823: 2181:, is documented from before 200 BCE, and even back to 1747:, an older English form of Jehovah (Roger Hutchinson, 1221: 7440:. Vol. 2. InterVarsity Press. pp. 862–866. 7436:(2014-02-28). "Name". In Di Berardino, Angelo (ed.). 6494:"Nicholas Fuller : Oxford Biography Index entry" 6221:"The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Graphological Investigation" 5471:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 39. 4493: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4402: 4393: 4380: 4371: 4361: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4323: 3630:(1902) retains "Yahweh" throughout the Old Testament. 2804: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2629: 2526: 2517: 2125: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1634: 1614: 1550: 1530: 1466: 1446: 1379: 1359: 1344: 1322: 1232: 1223: 1140: 1122: 1113: 1104: 1089: 1074: 1053: 1038: 1013: 948: 935: 876: 867: 831: 795: 786: 771: 762: 726: 690: 654: 633: 603: 590: 568: 488: 467: 447: 408: 356: 299: 142: 118: 97: 5314: 5171: 5169: 5167: 4487: 4388:

This custom was already in vogue in the days of the

3378:

state: "Related to the name of God, YHWH, rendered L

2733:

Dissertationes tres, de vera lectione nominis Jehova

2224: 2170: 2072: 1882:" as the equivalent of the Tetragrammaton. The form 1716: 1704: 1698: 1684: 1678: 1644: 1624: 1602: 1582: 1560: 1540: 1518: 1498: 1476: 1456: 1434: 1414: 1389: 1369: 1280: 1268: 1209: 1182: 1155: 861: 840: 825: 804: 756: 735: 720: 699: 684: 663: 648: 355:, state that although the original pronunciation of 78: 7491:(2011). "ΜΟΧΕ: «Γιαχβέ», τόμ. 5, σσ. 212–217.". In 6897: 6895: 6893: 5911:"Who is Yahweh? – Ridiculous KJV Bible Corrections" 5507:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 123–124. 5124:, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1979 ) 2218: 2215: 2164: 2161: 2066: 2063: 589:The most widespread theory is that the Hebrew term 72: 69: 7254:. Oxford: Fletcher & Prince. pp. 158–159. 7103: 5300:. Quote from Section 16(f)(1) "The Qre is יְהֹוָה 2333:, indicated in the King James Version by the word 1945:At Exodus 6:3–6, where the King James Version has 1202:) ought to have been used to indicate the reading 174:. The historical vocalization was lost because in 7363:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States 6905:Gnostics and Their Remains: Ancient and Mediaeval 5749: 5558:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5164: 4963: 4392:; and thus it is that they everywhere translated 4256:: Sebastian Schmidt (1696), Samuel Hammond (1899) 3035:(1970) published by Oxford University Press uses 1771:was unknown until 1520 when it was introduced by 1148:does not have precisely the same vowel points as 426:, that the vowels of the substitutes of the name— 8157: 7505:Μεγάλη Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Εγυκλοπαίδεια (ΜΟΧΕ) 7284:. Strasbourg: John Friderici Spoor. p. 207. 6890: 6530: 6528: 6446:"Build a Free Website with Web Hosting – Tripod" 3858:cited by Charles William King, which also gives 3241:Various Messianic Jewish Bible translations use 2354:and gave a lengthy defense of the pronunciation 7164: 7162: 7160: 6354: 6352: 6350: 5924: 5058:the proper name of the Covenant God of Israel. 4655: 3749:(UK) City Council bears the Latin inscription, 3137:New Heart English Translation (Jehovah Edition) 2756:". Despite this, he consistently uses the name 2596: 2478: 2118:(18th century), John Moncrieff (19th century), 2090:status to the Hebrew language. Some members of 1868:, "Lord") to represent the Tetragrammaton. The 803:, occur together, the former is pointed with a 8176:Christianity and Judaism related controversies 6474: 6472: 6361:"Notes on the Name <RLE>הוהי<PDF>" 5102:– December 9, 1997 – Retrieved 25 August 2011. 4936:Jarl Fossum and Brian Glazer in their article 4845: 4843: 4688: 3823:Similar Greek name Ιεωα in Col. 15 line 10 in 3085:throughout the Old Testament over 6,800 times. 2590:James Altingius was a learned German divine.| 1878:" in a few places, most frequently gave "the L 1139:Scholars are not in total agreement as to why 1073:appears next to it. This combination produces 7617: 7352: 7332:Kitz, Anne Marie (2019). "The Verb *yahway". 7234:See Poole's comments at Exodus 6:2, 3 in his 7044: 7042: 7040: 7032:Dogmatike tes Orthodoxou Katholikes Ekklesias 6525: 5905: 5903: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5468:The Cambridge History of the English Language 5419:. New York: Cambridge University Press: 121. 4876: 4828: 4826: 3685:. The core text of the 2014 edition uses the 3678:. The core text of the 2011 edition uses the 2670:and his (e.g. John Buxtorf the elder's) son, 2361: 7173:. Vol. 3. Leipzig: Barth. pp. 8–9. 7157: 6734:"Preface to the New American Standard Bible" 6621:New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 6347: 6276:"On the Vowel Points of the Hebrew Language" 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5504:Letter by Letter: An Alphabetical Miscellany 5254:Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible 5045: 5043: 4817:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 4661: 4535:The "God of Israel" in History and Tradition 3193:New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 2662:John Buxtorf the elder opposed the views of 1935:New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures 1852:used "the Lord", corresponding to the Latin 1734: 1592: 1572: 1508: 1488: 1424: 1403: 1191: 1181:, has led to the opinion that the composite 1164: 849: 813: 744: 708: 672: 228:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 7507:(in Greek). Vol. 5. pp. 212–217. 7487: 7269:. Dublin: Longmand and Company. p. 22. 7168: 6469: 6195:"The Dead Sea Scrolls Biblical Manuscripts" 6011: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4840: 4725:The Transformation of Biblical Proper Names 4716: 4694: 4434: 4424: 4018: 3992: 3984: 2933:(1862, 1898) renders the Tetragrammaton as 2731: 2708: 2685: 2654: 2648: 2624: 2603: 2583: 2564: 2545: 2507: 2485: 2134:puts forward the arguments of 17th-century 1857: 1848:'s translation in 1535. The Roman Catholic 1828: 1657:The difference between the vowel points of 927: 518: 458:, the Masoretes placed the vowel points of 7624: 7610: 7454: 7169:Rosenmüller, Ernst Friedrich Karl (1820). 7071: 7069: 7037: 5994: 5977:One of the definitions of "tittle" in the 5900: 5682: 5500: 5483:). It was also only by the mid-1500s that 5406: 5404: 5161:(Presbyterian and Reformed, 1974), p. 224. 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4942:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphie 4823: 4206:(1557), King James Bible (1671 / 1669 ), 4023:(like Jehova): Panagiotes Trempelas (1958) 3668:(2011) uses "Yahweh" in the Old Testament. 3495:A few translations use titles such as The 3187:either exclusively or in selected verses: 3018:The New Berkeley Version in Modern English 2832:either exclusively or in selected verses: 2637:Nicholas was a Hebraist and a theologian. 1255:The table below shows the vowel points of 340:. Others say that it is the pronunciation 7249: 7077:Critical Remarks on the Hebrew Scriptures 6536:"Memoirs of the Puritans: Thomas Gataker" 6319:. Crocker and Brewster. pp. 618–619. 6166: 5778:A Dissertation on the Hebrew Vowel-Points 5770: 5699:"Awe 11 | PDF | Jehovah | Tetragrammaton" 5188: 5186: 5105: 5096:Debunking the Myths of Sacred Namers יהוה 5040: 4905:The 'Horned Hunter' on a Lost Gnostic Gem 4805: 4522: 3297:Most modern translations exclusively use 2466: 6519:"Biblical Criticism Catalogue Number 74" 5784: 5288: 5286: 5053:, (1927), pages 147–148. Dennio wrote: " 4892: 4782: 4780: 4753: 4751: 4722: 4058: 4047: 4031: 4028:Similar Latin and English transcriptions 3818: 3712: 3166:Five Pauline Epistles, A New Translation 2912: 2865:(1560) translates the Tetragrammaton as 2744: 1738: 1297:are slightly different to those used in 1242: 1175:) in cases where the name is to be read 913: 511:(or its equivalents in Greek and Latin, 273: 192:were added to the Tetragrammaton by the 186:('my Lord'). The Hebrew vowel points of 35: 7432: 7360:, eds. (2016). "Sacred Name Movement". 7294: 7279: 7264: 7185:A lexicon, Hebrew, Chaldee, and English 7066: 6858: 6273: 6062: 6049:"'Tittle' in Webster's 1828 Dictionary" 5602: 5410: 5401: 5177:"NAMES OF GOD – JewishEncyclopedia.com" 4999: 4834:Preface to the English Standard Version 4081:occurred as early as the 12th century. 2737: 2730: 2724: 2715: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2684: 2678: 2661: 2656:Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masoreticus 2647: 2641: 2636: 2623: 2617: 2582: 2576: 2563: 2557: 2544: 2538: 2506: 2499: 943:appears 6,518 times in the traditional 884:, to indicate that it is to be read as 531:translations of the Bible. In the 1560 8158: 7418:/ Brill Publishers. pp. 823–824. 7416:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 6715:New American Bible, Genesis, Chapter 4 6567:Memoirs of the Puritans Thomas Gataker 6312: 6115: 5655:. Llewellyn Worldwide. p. xviii. 5648: 5183: 4984: 4944:100 (1994), p. 86–92, reproduced here 4042:Pugio Fidei adversus Mauros et Judaeos 3809: 3802:". "Jehovah" is twice rendered in the 3782:, continue to use Jehovah as the only 2816:(Special Crusade Edition) of 1967 and 2026: 1759:text to use a vocalization similar to 1218:, in which the composite is uncommon. 537:, the Tetragrammaton is translated as 7605: 7542: 7101: 7075:See comments at Exodus 6:2, 3 in his 6908:. London, England: Bell & Daldy. 6641:in 3 (2 Thes 1:9; 1 Pet 2:3, 3:15) – 6397: 6358: 6316:Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible 5891:In Awe of Thy Word, G. A. Riplinger – 5781:, (Liverpoole: Peter Whitfield, 1748) 5767:, (Liverpoole: Peter Whitfield, 1748) 5607:. Broadman & Holman. p. 13. 5605:A Modern Grammar for Classical Hebrew 5283: 5192: 4777: 4748: 4528: 3924: 3897: 3874: 3847: 3121:(1999) by Michael Engelbrite renders 2983:(1901) renders the Tetragrammaton as 2882:occurs in Exodus 6:3 and Psalm 83:18. 2037:A Modern Grammar for Classical Hebrew 351:Jews, as proponents of the rendering 258:but most continue to use "Lord" or "L 7575: 7438:Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity 7331: 7150:Charles IX of Sweden instituted the 7052: 7000:Greek translation by Ioannes Stanos. 6901: 6877:"How God's Name Has Been Made Known" 6834:Civic Heraldry of the United Kingdom 5981:is "a point or small sign used as a 5829: 5545: 5464: 4664:Yahweh: The Divine Name in the Bible 4494: 4467: 4461: 4356: 3806:, in 2 Nephi 22:2 and Moroni 10:34. 3554:(1965, revised 1987) generally uses 3195:(1961, 1984, 2013) published by the 3044:The King James II Version (1971) by 2948:throughout the entire Old Testament. 2630: 2114:(17th century); Peter Whitfield and 1810:. The original 1611 printing of the 1669:is explained by the rules of Hebrew 569: 487:. Based on this reasoning, the form 448: 357: 300: 250:in both the Old and New Testaments. 208:first appeared in the 16th century. 143: 16:Vocalization of the divine name YHWH 6773:"The World English Bible (WEB) FAQ" 6606:"Introduction to the Old Testament" 4764:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 4593: 3197:Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society 3139:(2010) uses "Jehovah" 6,837 times. 2824:Usage in English Bible translations 2785:, usually with the vowel points of 2534:accurately represented God's name. 2146:‎, and therefore of the name 2035:grammar, such as Duane A Garrett's 994:in the margin to indicate that the 903:, resulting in the transliteration 13: 6800:Baker Publishing Group information 6092:"Torah and Laining (Cantillation)" 4837:Lord (printed in small capitals)." 4757: 4699:. Augsburg Fortress. p. 384. 4423:of St. Jerome renders the name as 4345:, and thus the vowels of the noun 4192:: 16th century, Rosenmüller (1820) 4069:, edited by Frederick Field, 1875) 3989:(like Jehova): Paolo Medici (1755) 3751:Turris fortissima est nomen Jehova 3453:New International Reader's Version 3404:(1978, revised 2011). Footnote to 2710:De Nomine Tetragrammato Dissertaio 2126:Proponents of pre-Christian origin 947:, in addition to 305 instances of 551:occurred seven times. In the 1885 336:phonetic texts and artifacts from 14: 8212: 7520: 7297:Lessons Drawn from the Scriptures 7053:Ross, Thomas D. (11 March 2014). 7011:British and Foreign Bible Society 6647:(University Press of America 2003 6070:"The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet)" 5256:(Iowa Falls: Word, 1994), p. 722. 5075: 5051:Journal of Biblical Literature 46 3661:Hebraic Roots Bible (2009, 2012). 3599:(2004, revised 2008) mainly uses 3264:A few sacred name Bibles use the 2942:Julia E. Smith Parker Translation 1767:suggested that the pronunciation 1763:dates from the 13th century. The 1721:on other consonants (such as the 1000:was read using the vowels of the 561:occurs twelve times. In the 1901 170:(6th century BCE) is most likely 7631: 7407:The Encyclopedia of Christianity 7288: 7273: 7258: 7243: 7228: 7215: 7190: 7177: 7144: 7095: 7082: 7025: 7016: 7003: 6994: 6977: 6962: 6948: 6929: 6869: 6852: 6847:"Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah" 6839: 6812: 6793: 6779: 6765: 6744: 6726: 6708: 6694: 6680: 6659: 6365:The American Journal of Theology 5552:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 5100:Christian Biblical Church of God 4967:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 4813:"The Name of God in the Liturgy" 4668:Wilfrid Laurier University Press 4630:The Encyclopedia of Christianity 4138:: Porchetus de Salvaticis (1303) 3702:Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition 3363:" in this version of the Bible." 3176:six times in the Book of Romans. 2205: 2151: 2053: 2046:Godwin's Cabalistic Encyclopedia 1703:on glottal consonants including 918:A 1552 Latin translation of the 269: 59: 6634: 6612: 6598: 6582: 6570: 6558: 6511: 6486: 6438: 6391: 6323: 6306: 6297: 6286: 6267: 6253: 6239: 6213: 6187: 6160: 6136: 6109: 6084: 6051:. 1828.mshaffer.com. 2009-10-16 6041: 6004: 5988: 5971: 5956: 5883: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5738: 5727: 5716: 5669: 5642: 5632: 5621: 5596: 5573: 5562: 5539: 5522: 5495:the vowel sound, while capital 5449: 5439: 5384: 5368: 5356: 5339: 5259: 5246: 5237: 5213: 5151: 5127: 5114: 5088: 5069: 4957: 4930: 4856: 4695:Pfatteicher, Philip H. (1990). 4452: 4442: 4413: 4316: 4214:(1753), Alexander Geddes (1800) 4114:(1575), Marcus Marinus (1593), 3774:Some religious groups, notably 3610:from 78 to 495 (in 451 verses). 3597:Holman Christian Standard Bible 3100:21st Century King James Version 2858:in Psalm 33:12 and Psalm 83:18. 2016:Holman Christian Standard Bible 290:Most scholars believe the name 126:(YHWH), the proper name of the 19:This article is about the word 7568:New International Encyclopedia 7334:Journal of Biblical Literature 7237:Synopsis criticorum biblicorum 7198:De Arcanis Catholicæ Veritatis 6902:King, Charles William (1864). 6820:CivicHeraldry.co.uk -Plymouth 6274:Higgins, Godfrey (June 1826). 6116:Kelley, Page H. (1992-04-24). 5937:. May 28, 2006. Archived from 5271:Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah 5021:. Aug 19, 2011. Archived from 4909:The Harvard Theological Review 4903:Roy Kotansky, Jeffrey Spier, " 4583: 4539:Vetus Testamentum: Supplements 4511: 3708: 3389:The Bible in Today's English ( 2972:renders the Tetragrammaton as 2013:(1996, revised 2007), and the 1697:used in different situations: 584: 398:Journal of Biblical Literature 396:In an article he wrote in the 1: 7410:. Vol. 5. Translated by 7346:10.15699/jbl.1381.2019.508716 6010:For the meanings of the word 5985:mark in writing or printing". 5968:Chapter 11, pp. 422–435. 4727:. A&C Black. p. 57. 4505: 4232:Authorized King James Version 3183:render the Tetragrammaton as 2887:Authorized King James Version 2803:, that is with the vowels of 1871:Authorized King James Version 1812:Authorized King James Version 1709:(such as the first letter in 929:"magnum Nomen tetragrammatum" 149:seven names of God in Judaism 8181:Names of God in Christianity 7250:Kennicott, Benjamin (1753). 7171:Scholia in Vetus Testamentum 6945:does not speak of Egyptians. 6167:VanderKam, James C. (1994). 6094:. 2014-10-21. Archived from 5866:vol. 11, 1832, pp. 305, 306. 5501:Pflughaupt, Laurent (2007). 4662:Parke-Taylor, G. H. (2006). 4482: 4309: 4106:(Raymundus Martini) (1278), 3966: 3944: 3916: 3889: 3866: 3839: 3827:dated to the 3rd-century CE. 3763:The Greatest Story Ever Told 3460:Contemporary English Version 3439:New Revised Standard Version 3279:Sacred Name King James Bible 3273:The Scriptures (ISR) Version 3224: 3218:Divine Name King James Bible 2814:New Compact Bible Dictionary 1988:Contemporary English Version 1976:New Revised Standard Version 1864: 1727: 1711: 1665: 1659: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1275: 1263: 1257: 1204: 1177: 1150: 1132: 1099: 1084: 1069: 1063: 1048: 1029: 1023: 1002: 996: 990: 982: 976: 968: 958: 892: 886: 781: 625: 619: 613: 513: 507: 498: 483: 477: 460: 454: 434: 428: 418: 320: 306: 188: 180: 106: 7: 8171:Deities in the Hebrew Bible 7576:Maas, Anthony John (1910). 7543:Moore, George Foot (1911). 7280:Schmidt, Sebastian (1872). 7057:. p. 5. Archived from 6809:, accessed 12 December 2015 6631:. Accessed 14 October 2013. 6144:"Old Testament Manuscripts" 5864:Blätter für höhere Wahrheit 5546:Maas, Anthony John (1910). 5193:Moore, George Foot (1911). 4889:Retrieved 19 November 2014. 4743:, which appears 6007 times. 4488: 4260: 4164:: Nicholas of Cusa (1428), 4154:: Nicholas of Cusa (1428), 3543:and/or "Yah" exactly where 3516:Some translations use both 3368:New American Standard Bible 3119:American King James Version 3089:Green's Literal Translation 3075:The Bible in Living English 2927:Young's Literal Translation 2899:Webster's Bible Translation 2818:Peloubet's Bible Dictionary 2138:and others in his writing, 1958:New American Standard Bible 1806:was not distinguished from 1765:Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon 1717: 1705: 1699: 1685: 1679: 1645: 1625: 1603: 1583: 1561: 1541: 1519: 1499: 1477: 1457: 1435: 1415: 1390: 1370: 1281: 1269: 1210: 1183: 1156: 1154:. The use of the composite 862: 841: 826: 805: 757: 736: 721: 719:) is placed over the first 700: 685: 664: 649: 240:Young's Literal Translation 10: 8217: 7412:Bromiley, Geoffrey William 7306: 6970: 6968:The Grecised Hebrew text " 6170:The Dead Sea scrolls today 6030:Strong's Greek Dictionary. 5979:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 5705:. p. 416 (Chapter 11) 5603:Garrett, Duane A. (2002). 5487:was used to represent the 5413:Studies in the Renaissance 4635:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 4601:Geoffrey William, Bromiley 4529:Stahl, Michael J. (2021). 4473: 4403: 4394: 4381: 4372: 4362: 4347: 4338: 4324: 3960: 3938: 3910: 3883: 3860: 3833: 3814: 2805: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2776:, Smith writes: "JEHOVAH ( 2527: 2518: 2362:Proponents of later origin 2120:Johann Friedrich von Meyer 1778:In English it appeared in 1635: 1615: 1551: 1531: 1467: 1447: 1380: 1360: 1345: 1323: 1233: 1224: 1141: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1090: 1075: 1054: 1039: 1014: 949: 936: 877: 868: 832: 796: 787: 772: 763: 727: 691: 655: 634: 604: 591: 489: 468: 409: 153:God's name in Christianity 119: 98: 25:God in Abrahamic religions 18: 7687: 7639: 7473:10.1163/18776930-01201006 7265:Baillie, William (1843). 7202:Oxford English Dictionary 7200:(1518), folio xliii. See 7102:Moore, George F. (1911). 6925:– via Google Books. 6593:A Dictionary of the Bible 6577:A Dictionary of the Bible 6398:Moore, George F. (1911). 6359:Moore, George F. (1908). 6313:Calmet, Augustin (1832). 6016:in the original texts of 6012: 5465:Hogg, Richard M. (1992). 4938:Seth in the Magical Texts 4864:The Divine Name in Norway 4559:10.1163/9789004447721_003 4474: 4404: 4395: 4382: 4373: 4364: 4348: 4339: 4325: 4186:: Nicholas of Cusa (1428) 4166:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 4074: 4019: 3993: 3985: 3978: 3649:Christian Community Bible 3402:New International Version 3170:William Gunion Rutherford 2981:American Standard Version 2806: 2797: 2788: 2779: 2697:have divine inspiration. 2609: 2606: 2528: 2519: 2502:Johannes Van den Driesche 2491: 2488: 2143: 1964:New International Version 1929:American Standard Version 1886:appeared in John Rogers' 1735:Introduction into English 1636: 1616: 1594: 1593: 1574: 1573: 1552: 1532: 1510: 1509: 1490: 1489: 1468: 1448: 1426: 1425: 1405: 1404: 1381: 1361: 1346: 1334: 1324: 1308: 1234: 1225: 1193: 1192: 1166: 1165: 1142: 1124: 1115: 1106: 1091: 1076: 1055: 1040: 1015: 950: 937: 878: 869: 851: 850: 833: 815: 814: 797: 788: 773: 764: 746: 745: 728: 710: 709: 692: 674: 673: 656: 635: 605: 592: 564:American Standard Version 490: 469: 410: 236:American Standard Version 147:is considered one of the 120: 99: 7579:"Jehovah (Yahweh)" 7295:Hammond, Samuel (1899). 7105:"Notes on the Name הוהי" 6859:Oursler, Fulton (1949). 6400:"Notes on the Name הוהי" 6072:. Jewish Virtual Library 5893:Chapter 11, pp. 413–435) 5841:. Vol. 3. G. Keith. 5679:Publishing House, 2001). 5549:"Jehovah (Yahweh)" 5463:was published in 1634. ( 5381:, written in about 1270. 5219:In the 7th paragraph of 4885:– 5. Yahweh (Yahweh) in 4792:Sir Godfrey Driver wrote 4786:In the 7th paragraph of 4250:: William Baillie (1843) 3780:King-James-Only movement 3504:Moffatt, New Translation 3467:English Standard Version 3340:in the 1901 text with "L 3334:Revised Standard Version 2342:The 1602 Spanish Bible ( 2130:18th-century theologian 1952:Revised Standard Version 1916:of 1611. More recently, 1775:, who defended its use. 1267:, indicating the simple 328:may have been in use in 310:, later rendered in the 294:(also transliterated as 160:consensus among scholars 29:Jehovah (disambiguation) 8186:Names of God in Judaism 8166:16th-century neologisms 7552:Encyclopædia Britannica 7535:Encyclopædia Britannica 7319:Encyclopedia Britannica 7088:Rev. Richard Barrett's 5206:Encyclopædia Britannica 4723:Krasovec, Joze (2010). 4284:God in the Bahá'í Faith 4132:: Raymond Martin (1278) 4108:Porchetus de Salvaticis 3737:, before and after the 3717:Semi-dome over apse in 3533:An American Translation 3291:Literal English Version 3161:appears eighteen times. 2953:English Revised Version 2750:William Robertson Smith 2718:Memoirs of the Puritans 2650:Disserto de nomine JHVH 2566:De nomine tetragrammato 2547:De nomine tetragrammato 2307:king of Egypt (277 BCE) 2305:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 1755:The earliest available 1214:is consistent with the 1037:, it was to be read as 785:). When the two names, 617:). Using the vowels of 554:English Revised Version 442:)—were inserted by the 7538:(11th ed.). 1911. 7529:"Tetragrammaton" 7513:10.5281/zenodo.4309130 7489:Vasileiadis, Pavlos D. 6956:Praeparatio evangelica 6261:"The Dead Sea Scrolls" 5998:The Works of John Owen 5649:Godwin, David (1994). 4435: 4425: 4070: 4056: 4045: 3828: 3778:and proponents of the 3739:Protestant Reformation 3730: 3676:Baker Publishing Group 3567:New Living Translation 3489:Modern English Version 3432:God's Word Translation 3417:New King James Version 3108:Third Millennium Bible 3067:Publishers, Illinois, 2922: 2732: 2709: 2686: 2655: 2649: 2625: 2584: 2565: 2546: 2508: 2467:Early modern arguments 2010:New Living Translation 1970:New King James Version 1858: 1829: 1782:'s translation of the 1752: 1338:Hebrew (Strong's #136) 1252: 932: 928: 907:and derived variants. 755:) is placed under the 519: 287: 51: 27:. For other uses, see 7585:Catholic Encyclopedia 7354:Kurian, George Thomas 7299:. pp. 7, 24, 69. 7152:Royal Order of Jehova 6883:: 20. December 2007. 6540:www.apuritansmind.com 6280:The Classical Journal 5555:Catholic Encyclopedia 4062: 4051: 4035: 3822: 3719:Saint Martin's Church 3716: 3448:(1987, revised 1991). 3285:HalleluYah Scriptures 3259:Orthodox Jewish Bible 3247:Complete Jewish Bible 3014:Modern Language Bible 2916: 2745:Summary of discourses 2626:Dissertatio de nomine 2597:Discourses defending 2479:Discourses rejecting 1920:has been used in the 1742: 1246: 1052:, "My Lord "), or as 962:). The pronunciation 917: 481:), which was read as 318:) with the vowels of 277: 244:New World Translation 176:Second Temple Judaism 39: 23:. For the deity, see 7979:Sanghyang Adi Buddha 7221:Sir Godfrey Driver, 6645:Truth in Translation 6303:Higgins, pp. 146–149 4641:. pp. 823–824. 4334:nomen tetragrammaton 4244:: Rosenmüller (1820) 4116:Charles IX of Sweden 4055:, 1560 (Psalm 83:18) 3997:(like Jeova): Greek 3666:Lexham English Bible 3569:(1996), produced by 3482:Common English Bible 3469:(2001). Footnote to 3251:Tree of Life Version 3110:(1998) also renders 2019:(2004) use the form 1033:of the biblical and 452:precedes or follows 200:. The derived forms 8191:Reconstructed words 7921:God the Holy Spirit 7595:Jewish Encyclopedia 7493:Vassiliadis, Petros 6787:Hebraic Roots Bible 6227:on February 2, 2009 6122:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 5966:, G. A. Riplinger – 5880:, by Thomas D. Ross 5530:Doctrinal Treatises 5333:Jewish Encyclopedia 5145:(second instance), 5141:(second instance), 5120:H. W. F. Gesenius, 5094:Carl D. Franklin – 5078:"יהוה Jehovah יהוה" 4970:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 4915:with the vowels of 4553:. pp. 52–144. 4465:, when prefixed to 4272:God in Christianity 4077:‎ similar to 4067:Origenis Hexaplorum 3810:Similar Greek names 3776:Jehovah's Witnesses 3767:by Catholic author 3729:, completed in 1910 3656:World English Bible 3642:New Jerusalem Bible 3614:Some translate the 3446:New Century Version 3408:, "The Hebrew for L 3114:in the same verses. 2680:Johannes Buxtorf II 2672:Johannes Buxtorf II 2317:the men of Tiberias 2301:Demetrius Phalereus 2136:Johannes Buxtorf II 2108:Johannes Buxtorf II 2027:Hebrew vowel points 1998:New Jerusalem Bible 1982:New Century Version 1940:Jehovah's Witnesses 1279:in contrast to the 860:) under the second 262:" to represent the 7593:"Tetragrammaton", 7386:Lochman, Jan Milič 6942:De Interpretatione 6825:2016-11-20 at the 6805:2017-01-06 at the 6720:2012-01-28 at the 6627:2013-11-01 at the 6546:on 29 October 2006 6247:"SBL Publications" 6035:2011-07-19 at the 5964:In Awe of Thy Word 5762:2012-03-13 at the 5276:2012-07-31 at the 5227:Sir Godfrey Driver 4990:Kristin De Troyer 4950:2010-01-19 at the 4869:2007-09-27 at the 4609:Lochman, Jan Milic 4212:Benjamin Kennicott 4158:(Galatinus) (1516) 4073:Transcriptions of 4071: 4057: 4046: 3931:On Interpretations 3829: 3731: 3687:King James Version 3672:Names of God Bible 3357:New American Bible 3275:(1993, 1998, 2009) 3079:Steven T. Byington 2923: 2348:Cipriano de Valera 1913:King James Version 1850:Douay–Rheims Bible 1753: 1253: 988:), they wrote the 933: 890:in order to avoid 544:King James Version 288: 246:(1961, 2013) uses 242:(1862, 1899); the 224:King James Version 52: 47:King James Version 8153: 8152: 8094:Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto 7649:In Zoroastrianism 7447:978-0-8308-2941-5 7425:978-0-8028-2417-2 7394:Pelikan, Jaroslav 7009:Published by the 6180:978-0-8028-0736-6 6026:Liddell and Scott 5662:978-1-56718-324-5 5584:Bible Study Tools 5536:(Cambridge, 1848) 5528:William Tyndale, 5514:978-1-56898-737-8 5084:on 4 August 2011. 4734:978-0-567-45224-5 4706:978-0-8006-0392-2 4677:978-0-88920-652-6 4648:9789-00-41-45962- 4617:Pelikan, Jaroslav 4568:978-90-04-44772-1 4541:. Vol. 187. 4170:Sebastian Münster 3926:[ieɛɔoya] 3558:, but translates 3151:Emphatic Diaglott 3061:Kenneth N. Taylor 3046:Jay P. Green, Sr. 3033:New English Bible 3003:Alexander Harkavy 2970:John Nelson Darby 2878:(1568), the word 2742: 2741: 2594: 2593: 2452:Babylonian Talmud 2291:division (30 BCE) 2240:The Book of Cosri 2044:of Gesenius, and 2031:Modern guides to 1932:in 1901, and the 1655: 1654: 1216:Babylonian system 1027:) appears in the 922:, using the form 389:is preferable to 363:oral Rabbinic law 8208: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7603: 7602: 7589: 7581: 7572: 7564: 7556: 7555:(11th ed.). 7548: 7539: 7531: 7516: 7484: 7465:Brill Publishers 7451: 7429: 7382:Fahlbusch, Erwin 7377: 7358:Lamport, Mark A. 7349: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7301: 7300: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7247: 7241: 7232: 7226: 7219: 7213: 7194: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7166: 7155: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7107: 7099: 7093: 7086: 7080: 7073: 7064: 7062: 7046: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7022:Exodus 6:3, etc. 7020: 7014: 7007: 7001: 6998: 6992: 6981: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6971:εληιε Ιεωα ρουβα 6966: 6960: 6952: 6946: 6938: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6899: 6888: 6887: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6850: 6843: 6837: 6816: 6810: 6797: 6791: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6736:. Archived from 6730: 6724: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6663: 6657: 6638: 6632: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6602: 6596: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6542:. Archived from 6532: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6496:. Archived from 6490: 6484: 6483: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6457: 6451:. Archived from 6450: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6356: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6295: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6223:. Archived from 6217: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6201:on July 20, 2008 6197:. Archived from 6191: 6185: 6184: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6045: 6039: 6015: 6014: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5992: 5986: 5975: 5969: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5936: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5907: 5898: 5887: 5881: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5827: 5782: 5774: 5768: 5753: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5695: 5680: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5646: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5577: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5551: 5543: 5537: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5482: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5408: 5399: 5398: 5388: 5382: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5325: 5312: 5290: 5281: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5235: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5198: 5190: 5181: 5180: 5173: 5162: 5155: 5149: 5139:Deuteronomy 9:26 5135:Deuteronomy 3:24 5131: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5080:. Archived from 5073: 5067: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5027: 5020: 5012: 4997: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4961: 4955: 4934: 4928: 4901: 4890: 4880: 4874: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4838: 4830: 4821: 4820: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4758:Schaff, Philip. 4755: 4746: 4745: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4605:Fahlbusch, Erwin 4597: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4551:Brill Publishers 4526: 4520: 4515: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4428: 4417: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4390:LXX. translators 4387: 4386: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4320: 4280:God in Mormonism 4146:Nicholas of Cusa 4124:Wilhelm Gesenius 4094:Alexander Geddes 4076: 4022: 4021: 4013:Neophytus Vamvas 3996: 3995: 3988: 3987: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3952:, who says that 3947: 3941: 3940: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3793: 3628:Emphasized Bible 3604: 3578: 3538: 3525: 3476: 3426: 3411: 3385: 3381: 3362: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3306: 3210:Aramaic Peshitta 3130:Recovery Version 3039: 2959: 2921:1853 Isaiah 12:2 2919:King James Bible 2893: 2869: 2846: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2772:. In the entry, 2735: 2712: 2689: 2658: 2652: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2604: 2587: 2568: 2549: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2511: 2486: 2448:Jerusalem Talmud 2421:Aquila of Sinope 2376:Dead Sea Scrolls 2358:in its preface. 2350:) used the name 2303:, librarian for 2285:Hillel the Elder 2242:and commentator 2234: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2196:Rabbinic Judaism 2180: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2145: 2104:Johannes Buxtorf 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 1994: 1985:(1991), and the 1910:of 1568 and the 1881: 1877: 1867: 1861: 1832: 1818: 1749:The image of God 1730: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1688: 1682: 1668: 1662: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1606: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1586: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1564: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1544: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1522: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1502: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1480: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1460: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1418: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1393: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1373: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1222:Vowel points of 1213: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1112:is also written 1111: 1110: 1108: 1103:) respectively. 1102: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1035:liturgical books 1032: 1026: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 979: 973: 961: 955: 954: 952: 942: 941: 939: 931: 896:being repeated. 895: 889: 883: 882: 880: 874: 873: 871: 865: 859: 856: 855: 853: 848: 844: 838: 837: 835: 829: 823: 820: 819: 817: 812: 808: 802: 801: 799: 793: 792: 790: 784: 778: 777: 775: 769: 768: 766: 760: 754: 751: 750: 748: 743: 739: 733: 732: 730: 724: 718: 715: 714: 712: 707: 703: 697: 696: 694: 688: 682: 679: 678: 676: 671: 667: 661: 660: 658: 652: 643: 640: 639: 637: 632: 628: 623:, the composite 622: 616: 610: 609: 607: 597: 596: 594: 576: 572: 571: 522: 516: 510: 501: 495: 494: 492: 486: 480: 474: 473: 471: 465: 457: 451: 450: 437: 431: 424:Wilhelm Gesenius 421: 415: 414: 412: 360: 359: 323: 309: 303: 302: 286:church in Norway 261: 191: 185: 146: 145: 125: 124: 122: 109: 104: 103: 101: 88: 87: 84: 83: 80: 77: 74: 71: 68: 65: 8216: 8215: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8031:Nzambi a Mpungu 7852:Svayam Bhagavan 7683: 7662:In Christianity 7635: 7630: 7562:"Jehovah" 7559: 7546:"Jehovah" 7526: 7523: 7448: 7434:Ramelli, Ilaria 7426: 7400:, eds. (2008). 7374: 7323: 7321: 7309: 7304: 7293: 7289: 7278: 7274: 7263: 7259: 7248: 7244: 7233: 7229: 7220: 7216: 7195: 7191: 7182: 7178: 7167: 7158: 7149: 7145: 7100: 7096: 7087: 7083: 7074: 7067: 7047: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7021: 7017: 7008: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6983:Article in the 6982: 6978: 6967: 6963: 6953: 6949: 6939:". Aristotle's 6936: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6900: 6891: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6857: 6853: 6844: 6840: 6827:Wayback Machine 6817: 6813: 6807:Wayback Machine 6798: 6794: 6784: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6722:Wayback Machine 6713: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6639: 6635: 6629:Wayback Machine 6617: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6587: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6534: 6533: 6526: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6503: 6501: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6478: 6477: 6470: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6396: 6392: 6357: 6348: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6291: 6287: 6272: 6268: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6119:Biblical Hebrew 6114: 6110: 6101: 6099: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6075: 6073: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6054: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6037:Wayback Machine 6009: 6005: 5993: 5989: 5976: 5972: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5932:"Whitfield PDF" 5930: 5929: 5925: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5888: 5884: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5828: 5785: 5775: 5771: 5764:Wayback Machine 5754: 5750: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5728: 5721: 5717: 5708: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5683: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5601: 5597: 5588: 5586: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5563: 5544: 5540: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5479: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5440: 5425:10.2307/2857163 5409: 5402: 5389: 5385: 5373: 5369: 5363:The Divine Name 5361: 5357: 5344: 5340: 5327: 5326: 5315: 5291: 5284: 5278:Wayback Machine 5264: 5260: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5218: 5214: 5196:"Jehovah" 5191: 5184: 5175: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5152: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5093: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5048: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5000: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4962: 4958: 4952:Wayback Machine 4935: 4931: 4902: 4893: 4881: 4877: 4871:Wayback Machine 4861: 4857: 4848: 4841: 4831: 4824: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4795: 4785: 4778: 4769: 4767: 4756: 4749: 4735: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4693: 4689: 4678: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4623:, eds. (2008). 4598: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4569: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4502: 4492:when following 4457: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4433:rather than as 4418: 4414: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4304:Theophoric name 4263: 4236:Henry Ainsworth 4178:Robert Estienne 4090:Petrus Alphonsi 4064: 4030: 3981: 3921: 3894: 3879:) (2nd century) 3871: 3844: 3817: 3812: 3791: 3711: 3689:, and includes 3635:Jerusalem Bible 3618:exclusively as 3602: 3576: 3552:Amplified Bible 3536: 3523: 3474: 3424: 3409: 3391:Good News Bible 3383: 3379: 3360: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3304: 3227: 3155:Benjamin Wilson 3063:, published by 3037: 3020:(1969) renders 2957: 2891: 2889:(1611) renders 2867: 2854:(1539) renders 2844: 2837:William Tyndale 2826: 2747: 2619:Nicholas Fuller 2602: 2578:James Altingius 2484: 2469: 2364: 2208: 2204: 2154: 2150: 2128: 2092:Karaite Judaism 2056: 2052: 2033:Biblical Hebrew 2029: 2004:Amplified Bible 1992: 1923:Revised Version 1879: 1875: 1816: 1780:William Tyndale 1737: 1354: 1332: 1241: 1199: 1188: 1172: 1161: 857: 846: 821: 810: 752: 741: 716: 705: 680: 669: 641: 630: 587: 574: 272: 259: 212:William Tyndale 62: 58: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8214: 8204: 8203: 8198: 8196:Tetragrammaton 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8065: 8055: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7991:I Am that I Am 7988: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7939: 7937:Gitche Manitou 7925: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7911:God the Father 7903: 7902: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7810: 7800: 7790: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7766: 7761: 7751: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7694: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7629: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7590: 7588:. Vol. 8. 7573: 7557: 7540: 7522: 7521:External links 7519: 7518: 7517: 7485: 7452: 7446: 7430: 7424: 7398:Vischer, Lukas 7378: 7372: 7350: 7329: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7287: 7272: 7257: 7242: 7227: 7214: 7189: 7187:(1840) p. 143) 7176: 7156: 7143: 7122:10.1086/369679 7094: 7092:(1847) p. 219. 7081: 7065: 7061:on 2015-10-10. 7036: 7024: 7015: 7002: 6993: 6976: 6961: 6947: 6928: 6914: 6889: 6868: 6851: 6838: 6811: 6792: 6778: 6764: 6743: 6740:on 2006-12-07. 6725: 6707: 6693: 6679: 6658: 6656:), pp. 174–175 6643:Jason BeDuhn, 6633: 6611: 6597: 6581: 6569: 6557: 6524: 6510: 6485: 6468: 6437: 6416:10.1086/369679 6390: 6377:10.1086/478733 6346: 6322: 6305: 6296: 6285: 6266: 6252: 6238: 6212: 6186: 6179: 6159: 6135: 6128: 6108: 6083: 6061: 6040: 6003: 5987: 5970: 5955: 5923: 5899: 5882: 5868: 5856: 5844: 5783: 5769: 5748: 5737: 5726: 5715: 5681: 5668: 5661: 5641: 5631: 5620: 5613: 5595: 5572: 5561: 5538: 5521: 5513: 5477: 5448: 5438: 5400: 5383: 5379:Raymund Martin 5367: 5355: 5338: 5313: 5298:978-8876535956 5282: 5258: 5245: 5236: 5212: 5201:Chisholm, Hugh 5182: 5163: 5150: 5126: 5113: 5104: 5087: 5076:Jones, Scott. 5068: 5039: 4998: 4983: 4976: 4956: 4929: 4891: 4875: 4855: 4839: 4822: 4804: 4776: 4747: 4733: 4715: 4705: 4687: 4676: 4654: 4647: 4621:Vischer, Lukas 4592: 4582: 4567: 4521: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4451: 4441: 4412: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4289:I am that I am 4286: 4269: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4225: 4215: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4159: 4149: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4104:Raymond Martin 4097: 4038:Raymond Martin 4036:Excerpts from 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4016: 4007:translated in 3990: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3957: 3935: 3907: 3880: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3804:Book of Mormon 3796:God the Father 3769:Fulton Oursler 3755:Proverbs 18:10 3733:Following the 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3669: 3662: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3616:Tetragrammaton 3612: 3611: 3593: 3563: 3548: 3514: 3513: 3507: 3493: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3413: 3398: 3387: 3364: 3353: 3295: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3266:Tetragrammaton 3226: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3205: 3178: 3177: 3172:uses the name 3162: 3141: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3115: 3096: 3086: 3072: 3053: 3042: 3029: 3026:Gerrit Verkuyl 3010: 2999: 2992: 2977: 2962: 2949: 2938: 2911: 2910: 2896: 2883: 2876:Bishop's Bible 2872: 2859: 2848: 2825: 2822: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2729: 2722: 2721: 2714: 2706: 2703:Thomas Gataker 2699: 2698: 2691: 2683: 2676: 2675: 2660: 2646: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2634:(before 1626) 2622: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2581: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2562: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2543: 2540:Sixtinus Amama 2536: 2535: 2513: 2505: 2504:) (1550–1616) 2500:John Drusius ( 2497: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2483: 2477: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2444: 2441:Masoretic Text 2409: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2363: 2360: 2309: 2308: 2298: 2292: 2282: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2127: 2124: 2042:Hebrew Grammar 2028: 2025: 1991:(1995) give "L 1907:Bishop's Bible 1874:, which used " 1840:(initially as 1736: 1733: 1715:), and simple 1653: 1652: 1649: 1642: 1632: 1629: 1622: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1600: 1590: 1587: 1580: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1558: 1548: 1545: 1538: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1464: 1461: 1454: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1422: 1419: 1411: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1377: 1374: 1367: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1320: 1317: 1309: 1240: 1220: 1136:("the name"). 1009:q're perpetuum 945:Masoretic Text 920:Sefer Yetzirah 909:Emil G. Hirsch 901:Q're perpetuum 586: 583: 338:Late Antiquity 312:Latin alphabet 271: 268: 264:Tetragrammaton 151:and a form of 140:Tetragrammaton 116:Tetragrammaton 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8213: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8144: 8141: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8080: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827:Hiranyagarbha 7825: 7821: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7627: 7622: 7620: 7615: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7563: 7558: 7554: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7530: 7525: 7524: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7373:9781442244320 7369: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 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2696: 2688: 2681: 2677: 2674:the younger. 2673: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2651: 2644: 2640: 2627: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2589: 2586: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2537: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2474: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2325:, John Gill, 2324: 2323:William Fulke 2320: 2318: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100:William Fulke 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1926:of 1885, the 1925: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1902: 1898:of 1539, the 1897: 1896: 1892:in 1537, the 1891: 1890: 1889:Matthew Bible 1885: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1357: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1250: 1245: 1219: 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Retrieved 6096:the original 6086: 6074:. Retrieved 6064: 6053:. Retrieved 6043: 6018:Matthew 5:18 6006: 5997: 5990: 5973: 5962: 5958: 5946:. Retrieved 5939:the original 5926: 5915:. Retrieved 5913:. Av1611.com 5890: 5885: 5875: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5838: 5776: 5772: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5718: 5707:. Retrieved 5702: 5671: 5651: 5644: 5634: 5623: 5604: 5598: 5587:. Retrieved 5583: 5575: 5569:Exodus 6:3–6 5564: 5553: 5541: 5534:Henry Walter 5529: 5524: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5467: 5460: 5456: 5451: 5441: 5416: 5412: 5393: 5386: 5374: 5370: 5358: 5341: 5332: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5261: 5253: 5248: 5239: 5231: 5221: 5215: 5204: 5158: 5153: 5147:Genesis 15:2 5143:Judges 16:28 5129: 5121: 5116: 5107: 5099: 5090: 5082:the original 5071: 5063: 5059: 5054: 5050: 5030:. Retrieved 5023:the original 4992: 4986: 4966: 4959: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4886: 4878: 4858: 4807: 4799: 4787: 4768:. 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Waterloo: 4663: 4657: 4628: 4595: 4585: 4534: 4524: 4513: 4454: 4444: 4415: 4333: 4318: 4299:Names of God 4276:God in Islam 4253: 4247: 4241: 4227: 4222:Geneva Bible 4217: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4161: 4151: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4099: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4053:Geneva Bible 4041: 4009:Katharevousa 4004: 3998: 3930: 3903: 3853: 3773: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3743:coat of arms 3732: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3626:Rotherham's 3619: 3613: 3607: 3600: 3581: 3574: 3555: 3544: 3540: 3521: 3517: 3515: 3496: 3494: 3420: 3337: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3296: 3287:(2009, 2015) 3263: 3254: 3242: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3200: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3158: 3143: 3142: 3122: 3111: 3103: 3095:6,866 times. 3092: 3082: 3068: 3057:Living Bible 3049: 3036: 3021: 3017: 3006: 2995: 2988: 2984: 2976:6,810 times. 2973: 2956: 2945: 2937:6,831 times. 2934: 2931:Robert Young 2906: 2903:Noah Webster 2890: 2879: 2866: 2863:Geneva Bible 2855: 2840: 2829: 2827: 2817: 2813: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2728:(1624–1699) 2726:John Leusden 2717: 2705:(1574–1654) 2694: 2682:(1599–1664) 2668:Louis Cappel 2645:(1564–1629) 2643:John Buxtorf 2621:(1557–1626) 2598: 2580:(1618–1679) 2561:(1585–1658) 2559:Louis Cappel 2542:(1593–1659) 2480: 2472: 2470: 2446:Neither the 2384: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2355: 2351: 2344:Reina-Valera 2341: 2334: 2331:Matthew 5:18 2321: 2311:Gill quoted 2310: 2279:Jesus Christ 2254:Saadiah Gaon 2147: 2139: 2129: 2095: 2085: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2007:(1987), the 2002: 2001:(1985), the 1996: 1986: 1980: 1979:(1989), the 1974: 1973:(1982), the 1968: 1967:(1978), the 1962: 1961:(1971), the 1956: 1955:(1952), the 1950: 1946: 1944: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1901:Geneva Bible 1899: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1869: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1777: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1722: 1693:of the same 1656: 1397:glottal stop 1254: 1251:shown in red 1249:vowel points 1138: 1067:, "God") if 1007: 963: 934: 923: 904: 898: 824:) under the 683:) under the 662:) becomes a 644:) under the 600:vowel points 588: 562: 558: 552: 548: 542: 538: 534:Geneva Bible 532: 524: 504: 406: 401: 397: 395: 390: 386: 382: 352: 346: 341: 325: 315: 295: 291: 289: 279: 251: 247: 231: 220:Geneva Bible 215: 210: 205: 201: 197: 157: 132:Hebrew Bible 112:vocalization 91:Latinization 54: 53: 45: 33: 20: 8109:Unkulunkulu 7959:Holy Spirit 7954:Hayyi Rabbi 7942:Wakan Tanka 7916:God the Son 7707:Parvardigar 7697:Ahura Mazda 7644:In Hinduism 7390:Mbiti, John 7049:Pugio Fidei 5983:diacritical 5375:Pugio fidei 4613:Mbiti, John 4489:dagesh lene 4449:Testament". 4204:John Calvin 4200:Paul Fagius 4120:Rosenmüller 4092:(c. 1106), 3972:Hellenistic 3825:PGM VII 531 3784:name of God 3735:Middle Ages 3727:Switzerland 3709:Other usage 3683:translation 3586:Exodus 3:15 3580:, but uses 3539:" but uses 3531:The Bible, 3471:Exodus 3:15 3406:Exodus 3:15 3395:Exodus 3:14 3372:Exodus 3:14 3157:, the name 2966:Darby Bible 2917:Jehovah in 2852:Great Bible 2664:Elia Levita 2313:Elia Levita 1895:Great Bible 1862:(Latin for 1830:Pugio fidei 1825:Ramón Martí 1700:hataf-patah 1686:hataf-patah 1436:Hataf patah 1282:hataf patah 1184:hataf patah 1157:hataf segol 1130:, and read 806:hataf segol 734:), and the 626:hataf patah 585:Development 557:, the form 432:(Lord) and 238:(1901) and 8160:Categories 8087:Elagabalus 7899:El Shaddai 7667:In Judaism 7657:In Chinese 7653:Abrahamic 7324:2024-06-19 7206:Pope Leo X 6987:magazine ( 6504:2007-07-01 6462:2007-05-05 6102:2009-09-04 6055:2024-05-05 6022:Luke 16:17 5917:2013-03-26 5831:Gill, John 5709:2023-11-04 5589:2023-11-04 4770:2023-11-04 4518:Exodus 6:3 4506:References 4431:Exodus 6:3 4419:The Latin 4112:Tremellius 4005:Holy Bible 4000:Pentateuch 3681:God's Word 3560:Exodus 6:3 3253:(2014) or 3213:instances. 3168:(1900) by 3077:(1972) by 3059:(1971) by 2968:(1890) by 2901:(1833) by 2610:Discourse 2492:Discourse 2429:Theodotion 2413:Septuagint 2406:Kabbalists 2401:important. 2106:, his son 2087:ab origine 1856:'s use of 1788:Wittenberg 1784:Pentateuch 1691:allophones 1671:morphology 1121:, or even 875:), giving 770:), giving 529:Protestant 8036:Olodumare 8001:Jehovah 1 7986:Hypsistos 7759:Saraswati 7481:1876-6633 7467:: 74–98. 7315:"Jehovah" 7210:confessor 7138:170242955 6829:and here 6595:, p. 952. 6579:, p. 953. 6432:170242955 5489:consonant 5329:"JEHOVAH" 5310:Jehovah." 4577:236752143 4310:Footnotes 4126:(c. 1830) 4011:Greek by 3788:Mormonism 3510:The Voice 3261:(2002)). 3225:Non-usage 2985:Je-ho'vah 2820:of 1947. 2613:Comments 2495:Comments 2425:Symmachus 2392:Samaritan 2327:John Owen 2297:(120 BCE) 2132:John Gill 2116:John Gill 2112:John Owen 1942:in 1961. 1904:of 1560, 1846:Coverdale 1836:The name 1773:Galatinus 1675:phonetics 444:Masoretes 278:The name 194:Masoretes 164:redaction 8119:Ik Onkar 8114:Waheguru 8053:Osanobua 7996:Jahbulon 7949:Haneunim 7894:El Elyon 7842:Tad Ekam 7793:Trimurti 7749:Mahadevi 7744:Bhagavan 7672:In Islam 7402:"Yahweh" 7154:in 1606. 6832:. 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