Yangtze - Knowledge

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to natural fish feed, which helped them breed better-quality fish that can be sold for more, increasing their income by 30%. Based on the successful pilot project, other provincial governments emulated the experience and also reestablished connections to lakes that had previously been cut off from the river. In 2005 a Yangtze Forum has been established bringing together 13 riparian provincial governments to manage the river from source to sea. In 2006 China's Ministry of Agriculture made it a national policy to reconnect the Yangtze River with its lakes. As of 2010, provincial governments in five provinces and Shanghai set up a network of 40 effective protected areas, covering 16,500 km (6,400 sq mi). As a result, populations of 47 threatened species increased, including the critically endangered Yangtze alligator. In the Shanghai area, reestablished wetlands now protect drinking water sources for the city. It is envisaged to extend the network throughout the entire Yangtze to eventually cover 102 areas and 185,000 km (71,000 sq mi). The mayor of

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Co., Asiatic Petroleum, Robert Dollar, China Merchants S.N. Co. and British-American Tobacco Co., contributed alongside international friends and Chinese pilots. In 1924, a 50-foot granite pyramidal obelisk was erected in Xintan, on the site of Captain Plant's home, in a Chinese community of pilots and junk owners. One face of the monument is inscribed in Chinese and another in English. Though recently relocated to higher ground ahead of the Three Gorges Dam, the monument still stands overlooking the Upper Yangtze River near Yichang, a rare collective tribute to a westerner in China.

915: 1028: 5406: 4337: 4377: 3833: 4914: 3542: 5394: 5370: 3387: 3399:, described as a "150-mile passage which is like the narrow throat of an hourglass," posed hazardous threats of crosscurrents, whirlpools and eddies, creating significant challenges to steamship efforts. Furthermore, Chongqing is 700 – 800 feet above sea level, requiring powerful engines to make the upriver climb. Junk travel accomplished the upriver feat by employing 70–80 trackers, men hitched to hawsers who physically pulled ships upriver through some of the most risky and deadly sections of the three gorges. 4278: 3687:

pandemic, was a key cause of the intense downpours. Over the past decades rainfall had decreased due to increase of aerosols in the atmosphere, and lower greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 caused the opposite effect – a major increase in rain. Such a dramatic reduction of aerosols caused a dramatic change in the various components of the climate system, but such sudden change of the climate system would be very different from changes in response to continuous but gradual policy-driven emissions reductions.

4604: 3379: 3505:, a detailed and illustrated account of the Upper Yangtze's currents, rocks, and other hazards with navigational instruction. Plant trained hundreds of Chinese and foreign pilots and issued licenses and worked with the Chinese government to make the river safer in 1917 by removing some of the most difficult obstacles and threats with explosives. In August 1917, British Asiatic Petroleum became the first foreign merchant steamship on the Upper Yangtze. Commercial firms, Robert Dollar Company, 5382: 4676: 4653: 5319: 57: 1846: 5334: 5119: 3371: 2358: 10735: 4691: 9191: 4638: 4589: 5051: 2727: 5201: 4744: 3363: 2836: 73: 2386: 4329: 4574: 3717:. More than a hundred lakes were thusly cut off from the main river. There were gates between the lakes that could be opened during floods. However, farmers and settlements encroached on the land next to the lakes although it was forbidden to settle there. When floods came, it proved impossible to open the gates since it would have caused substantial destruction. Thus the lakes partially or completely dried up. For example, 3702: 3330: 3746:

Three Gorges Dam has created an impassable "iron barrier" that has led to a great reduction in the biodiversity of the river. Yangtze sturgeon use seasonal changes in the flow of the river to signal when is it time to migrate. However, these seasonal changes will be greatly reduced by dams and diversions. Other animals facing immediate threat of extinction are the

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around late June. Despite efforts to open three important flood gates to alleviate the rising water by diverting it, the flood level continued to rise until it hit the historic high of 44.67 m in Jingzhou, Hubei and 29.73 m in Wuhan. The number of dead from this flood was estimated at 33,000, including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster.

3676:, resulting in 3,704 dead, 15 million homeless and $ 26 billion in economic loss. Other sources report a total loss of 4150 people, and 180 million people were affected. A staggering 25 million acres (100,000 km) were evacuated, 13.3 million houses were damaged or destroyed. The floods caused $ 26 billion in damages. 4791:) is rich with 279 species, including 147 Yangtze endemics and 97 strict endemics (found only in this part of the basin). In contrast, the headwaters, where the average altitude is above 4,500 m (14,800 ft), are only home to 14 highly specialized species, but 8 of these are endemic to the river. The largest orders in the Yangtze are 7047:), "The Qujialing-Shijiahe Culture in the Middle Yangzi River Valley," in A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, ed. Anne P. Underhill (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2013), 510–534; Rowan K. Flad and Pochan Chen, Ancient Central China: Centers and Peripheries along the Yangzi River (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 116–25. 4898:. The survival of these two sturgeon may rely on the continued release of captive bred specimens. Although still listed as critically endangered rather than extinct by both the Chinese red list and IUCN, recent reviews have found that the Chinese paddlefish is extinct. Surveys conducted between 2006 and 2008 by 7085:

Lothar von Falkenhausen, Chinese Society in the Age of Confucius (1000–250 BC): The Archaeological Evidence (Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, 2006), 262–88; Constance A. Cook and John S. Major, eds. Defining Chu: Image and Reality in Ancient China (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press,

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is presumed to be functionally extinct at this time. "Baijis were the last surviving species of a large lineage dating back seventy million years and one of only six species of freshwater dolphins." It has been argued that the extinction of the Yangtze river dolphin was a result of the completion of

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In 2020, a sweeping law was passed by the Chinese government to protect the ecology of the river. The new laws include strengthening ecological protection rules for hydropower projects along the river, banning chemical plants within 1 kilometer of the river, relocating polluting industries, severely

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In 2020, the Yangtze river saw the heaviest rainfall since 1961, with a 79% increase in June and July compared to the average for the period over the previous 41 years. A new theory suggested that abrupt reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, caused by shutdowns during the COVID-19

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In 1921, when Captain Plant died at sea while returning home to England, a Plant Memorial Fund was established to perpetuate Plant's name and contributions to Upper Yangtze navigation. The largest shipping companies in service, Butterfield & Swire, Jardine Matheson, Standard Oil, Mackenzie &

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of the total freshwater fisheries in China are in the Yangtze Basin, but a drastic decline in size of several important species has been recorded, as highlighted by data from lakes in the river basin. In 2015, some experts recommend a 10-year fishing moratorium to allow the remaining populations to

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Reconnecting the lakes improved water quality and fish were able to migrate from the river into the lake, replenishing their numbers and genetic stock. The trial also showed that reconnecting the lake reduced flooding. The new approach also benefitted the farmers economically. Pond farmers switched

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Tens of millions of people live in the floodplain of the Yangtze valley, an area that naturally floods every summer and is habitable only because it is protected by river dikes. The floods large enough to overflow the dikes have caused great distress to those who live and farm there. Floods of note

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or the Central China floods of 1931 were a series of floods that are generally considered among the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded, and almost certainly the deadliest of the 20th century (when pandemics and famines are discounted). Estimates of the total death toll range from 145,000 to

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is catadromous (migrates between fresh and saltwater) and it has been recorded up to 1,400 km (870 mi) up the Yangtze, which is the largest river in its native range. It is a commercially important species in its native range where it is farmed, but the Chinese mitten crab has also been

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water conditions and who feeds on algae, causing widespread pollution. The pollution was exacerbated by the discharge of waste from pig farms as well as of untreated industrial and municipal sewage. In September 2012, the Yangtze river near Chongqing turned red from pollution. The erection of the

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were a series of catastrophic floodings that occurred mostly in Hubei Province. Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954, the river started to rise above its usual level in

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region. The Qin and Han empires were actively engaged in the agricultural colonization of the Yangtze lowlands, maintaining a system of dikes to protect farmland from seasonal floods. By the Song dynasty, the area along the Yangtze had become among the wealthiest and most developed parts of the

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and while not the furthest source of the Yangtze, it is the highest source at 5,342 m (17,526 ft) above sea level. The true source of the Yangtze, hydrologically the longest river distance from the sea, is at Jari Hill at the head of the Dam Qu tributary, approximately 325 km

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The China Navigation Company was an early shipping company founded in 1876 in London, initially to trade up the Yangtze River from their Shanghai base with passengers and cargo. Chinese coastal trade started shortly after, and in 1883 a regular service to Australia was initiated.

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Standard Oil ran the tankers Mei Ping, Mei An and Mei Hsia, which were collectively destroyed on December 12, 1937, when Japanese warplanes bombed and sank the U.S.S. Panay. One of the Standard Oil captains who survived this attack had served on the Upper River for 14 years.

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but his attempts to take the vessel further upriver than Yichang were thwarted by the Chinese authorities who were concerned about the potential loss of transit duties, competition to their native junk trade and physical damage to their crafts caused by steamship wakes.

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has released water to mimic the (pre-dam) natural flooding and trigger the breeding of carp species downstream. In addition to dams already built in the Yangtze basin, several large dams are planned and these may present further problems for the native fauna.

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In 1908, local Sichuan merchants and their government partnered with Captain Plant to form Sichuan Steam Navigation Company becoming the first successful service between Yichang and Chongqing. Captain Plant designed and commanded its two ships, SS

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Li Liu and Xingcan Chen, State Formation in Early China (London: Duckworth, 2003), 75–79, 116–26; Li Feng, Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045–771 BC (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006),

5086:. This is the only other place besides the United States that is native to an alligator and paddlefish species. In 2010, the Yangtze population of finless porpoise was 1000 individuals. In December 2006, the Yangtze river dolphin was declared 3333: 2660:

Four of China's five main freshwater lakes contribute their waters to the Yangtze River. Traditionally, the upstream part of the Yangtze River refers to the section from Yibin to Yichang; the middle part refers to the section from Yichang to

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The Yangtze has long been the backbone of China's inland water transportation system, which remained particularly important for almost two thousand years, until the construction of the national railway network during the 20th century. The

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about 90 percent of all the plastic that reaches the world's oceans gets flushed through just 10 rivers: The Yangtze, the Indus, Yellow River, Hai River, the Nile, the Ganges, Pearl River, Amur River, the Niger, and the Mekong (in that

6568:. "A Generall Collection and Historicall representation of the Jesuites entrance into Japon and China, until their admission in the Royall Citie of Nanquin." 1625. Reprint: MacLehose & Co. (Glasgow), 1906. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 4249: 1261: 5302: 3406:

opened Chongqing to consular residence but stipulated that foreign trade might only commence once steamships had succeeded in ascending the river to that point. Little formed the Upper Yangtze Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. and built

9145: 3758:. These animals numbers went into freefall from the combined effects of accidental catches during fishing, river traffic, habitat loss and pollution. In 2006 the baiji dolphin became extinct; the world lost an entire genus. 2157:. Very common in 18th- and 19th-century sources, the name fell out of favor due to growing awareness of its lack of any connection to the river's Chinese names and to the irony of its application to such a muddy waterway. 1029: 5835: 4090:

The river stood as a major geographic barrier dividing northern and southern China. In the first half of the 20th century, rail passengers from Beijing to Guangzhou and Shanghai had to disembark, respectively, at

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Zhang Zengxin; Tao Hui; Zhang Qiang; Zhang Jinchi; Forher, Nicola; Hörmann, Georg (2009). "Moisture budget variations in the Yangtze River Basin, China, and possible associations with large-scale circulation".

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Neil Cumberlidge, N.; Ng, P.K.L.; Yeo, D.C.J.; Naruse, T.; Meyer, K.S.; Esser, L.J. (2011). "Diversity, endemism and conservation of the freshwater crabs of China (Brachyura: Potamidae and Gecarcinucidae)".

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Steamers came late to the upper river, the section stretching from Yichang to Chongqing. Freshets from Himalayan snowmelt created treacherous seasonal currents. But summer was better navigationally and the

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after an extensive search of the river revealed no signs of the dolphin's inhabitance. In 2007, a large, white animal was sighted and photographed in the lower Yangtze and was tentatively presumed to be a

4118:, built from 1955 to 1957. It was the first bridge across the Yangtze River. The second bridge across the river that was built was a single-track railway bridge built upstream in Chongqing in 1959. The 2274:

in 1958, but it was not widely employed in English outside mainland China prior to the normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and the PRC in 1979; since that time, the spelling

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was sold to China Merchants Steam Navigation Company for lower river service. In 1890, the Chinese government agreed to open Chongqing to foreign trade as long as it was restricted to native crafts.

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seems to have begun in the upper Han River valley a minor Zhou polity, but it adapted to native culture as it expanded south and east into the Yangtze valley. In the process, it changed its name to

5286: 4229: 3611:, he became the first foreigner since 1949 to navigate the Yangtze. His months-long journey was documented both in his 2004 book "Kineserne syr med lang tråd" and the TV show "Kløvedal i Kina" by 8389: 6217:,–'A General Geographical Map, with Degrees of Latitude and Longitude, of the Empire of the Ta Tsing Dynasty–May It Last Forever', by Le Mingche Tsinglae." Canton Mission Press (Guangdong), 1833. 2973:

The state of Qin conquered the central Yangtze region, the previous heartland of Chu, in 278 BC, and incorporated the region into its expanding empire. Qin then used its connections along the

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recover, and in January 2020 China imposed a 10-year fishing moratorium on 332 sites along the Yangtze. Dams present another serious problem, as several species in the river perform breeding

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warships destroyed numerous shore batteries and Chinese warships, laying waste to several coastal forts along the way. Eventually, they pushed their way up north close enough to threaten the

2486:, two of which are commonly referred to as the "source." Traditionally, the Chinese government has recognized the source as the Tuotuo tributary at the base of a glacier lying on the west of 7956: 3790:

In 2002 a pilot program was initiated to reconnect lakes to the Yangtze with the objective to increase biodiversity and to alleviate flooding. The first lakes to be reconnected in 2004 were

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added their own steamers on the river between 1917 and 1919. Between 1918 and 1919, Sichuan warlord violence and escalating civil war put Sichuan Steam Navigational Company out of business.

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species are known from the Yangtze basin, including the world's largest, the critically endangered Chinese giant salamander. It has declined drastically due to hunting (it is considered a

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Wanpo, Huang; Ciochon, Russell; Yumin, Gu; Larick, Roy; Qiren, Fang; Schwarcz, Henry; Yonge, Charles; de Vos, John; Rink, William (1995). "Early Homo and associated artefacts from Asia".

6679: 8464: 6604: 6177: 6581: 6107: 3215: 5270: 8231:"Is there evidence that the Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius) still survives in the upper Yangtze River? Concerns inferred from hydroacoustic and capture surveys, 2006–2008" 6500: 5632: 3332: 8039: 6896:

The Marine Geological Record of Neogene Erosional in Asia: Interpreting the Sedimentary Record to Understand Tectonic and Climatic Evolution in the Wake of India-Asia Collision

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Zhu, Ze-Nan; Zhu, Xiao-Hua; Zhang, Chuanzheng; Chen, Minmo; Zheng, Hua; Zhang, Zhensheng; Zhong, Jiwen; Wei, Lixin; Li, Qiang; Wang, Hua; Li, Shuming; Kaneko, Arata (2021).

4182: 1720:("Gold Sands River") refers to the 2,308 km (1,434 mi) of the Yangtze from Yibin upstream to the confluence with the Batang River near Yushu in Qinghai, while the 7774: 4309: 8551: 8207: 3268:. However, the Chinese, draconian in their application of the rules relating to foreign vessels, were unhappy about a "fire-ship" steaming up the Canton River. The acting 7095:

Brian Lander, "State Management of River Dikes in Early China: New Sources on the Environmental History of the Central Yangzi Region." T'oung Pao 100.4–5 (2014): 325–362.

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cultures. Later it became the earliest part of the Yangtze valley to be integrated into the North Chinese cultural sphere. (Northern Chinese were active there since the

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Chang, Kwang-chih; Goodenough, Ward H. (1996). "Archaeology of southeastern coastal China and its bearing on the Austronesian homeland". In Goodenough, Ward H. (ed.).

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was completed in 1995. By 2005, there were a total of 56 bridges and one tunnel across the Yangtze River between Yibin and Shanghai. These include some of the longest

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Numerous species of land mammals are found in the Yangtze valley, but most of these are not directly associated with the river. Three exceptions are the semi-aquatic

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in Yue) who assumed power over the local tribes, though these are generally assumed to be myths invented to legitimate them to other Zhou rulers. As the kingdoms of

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Due to commercial use of the river, tourism, and pollution, the Yangtze is home to several seriously threatened species of large animals (in addition to fish): the

4213: 2118:, e.g., was rendered as "Ta-Kiang." "Keeang-Koo," "Kyang Kew," "Kian-ku," and related names derived from mistaking the Chinese term for the mouth of the Yangtze ( 3295: 8921:"Patterns of diversity, areas of endemism, and multiple glacial refuges for freshwater crabs of the genus Sinopotamon in China (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae)" 6091:. L'Académie des Inscriptions e Belles-Lettres e avec le Concours du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique (Paris), 1959–1973. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 5610: 2871:, display increasing Zhou (i.e., North Chinese) influence starting in the 9th century BC. Traditional accounts credit these changes to northern refugees ( 5405: 4783:

160). 178 fish species are endemic to the Yangtze River Basin. Many are only found in some section of the river basin and especially the upper reach (above

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at modern Suzhou. In 333 BC, Chu finally united the lower Yangtze by annexing Yue, whose royal family was said to have fled south and established the

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became the first person to complete the 4,000-mile (6,400 km) trek along the course of the river, walking for 352 days from its source to its mouth.

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built with Plant in command. In June 1900, Plant was the first to successfully pilot a merchant steamer on the Upper Yangtze from Yichang to Chongqing.

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In addition to the very large and exceptionally rare Yangtze giant softshell turtle, several smaller turtle species are found in the Yangtze basin, its

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maiden voyage, the vessel hit a rock and sunk, killing its captain and ending realistic hopes of regular commercial steam service on the Upper Yangtze.

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to declare war on China. In mid-1840, a large fleet of warships appeared on the China coast, and with the first cannonball fired at a British ship, the

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Mender, P., Thirty Years A Mariner in the Far East 1907–1937, The Memoirs of Peter Mender, A Standard Oil Ship Captain on China's Yangtze River, p.53,

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and introduced widely outside their native range. A total of 26 native fish species of the Yangtze basin are farmed. Among the most important are four

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quote="Today, the Yangtze region is home to more than 400 million people, or nearly one-third of China's population. Some of China's largest cities"

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restricting sand mining as well as a complete fishing ban on all the natural waterways of the river, including all its major tributaries and lakes.

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Wang, JT; Li, CA; Yong, Y; Lei, S (2010). "Detrital Zircon Geochronology and Provenance of Core Sediments in Zhoulao Town, Jianghan Plain, China".

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opened fire and she was forced to turn back. The Chinese authorities issued a further warning insisting that the ship leave Chinese waters. The

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Whether native or nativizing, the Yangtze states held their own against the northern Chinese homeland: some lists credit them with three of the

9869: 9820: 9800: 9274: 7960: 7580: 6601: 6174: 3827: 3791: 3722: 3718: 3008:, the region of the Yangtze River grew ever more important to China's economy. The establishment of irrigation systems (the most famous one is 7180: 1588:. For thousands of years, the river has been used for water, irrigation, sanitation, transportation, industry, boundary-marking, and war. The 10764: 10156: 6578: 5225: 2880: 6104: 6008: 10610: 9920: 8436:

Migration of the Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus) in the Yangtze River Basin with discussion on the potential effect of dams on fish

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Beginning in the 1950s, dams and dikes were built for flood control, land reclamation, irrigation, and control of diseases vectors such as

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to Shanghai. For millennia, travelers crossed the river by ferry. On occasions, the crossing may have been dangerous, as evidenced by the

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dwindled to one quarter of its original size. Natural fisheries output in the two lakes declined sharply. Only a few large lakes, such as

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was the capital of China several times, although most of the time its territory only covered the southeastern part of China, such as the

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area as far back as 27,000 years ago, and by the 5th millennium BC, the lower Yangtze was a major population center occupied by the

2171:("Son of the Ocean") shows that Ricci, who by the end of his life was fluent in literary Chinese, was introduced to it as the homophonic 603: 272: 158: 9209: 6423: 6374: 6284: 6234: 6206: 5931: 5906: 6497: 6327: 6151:

A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific; or a Physical, Political, and Statistical Account of the World and its Various Divisions

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signals. The last definite record was an individual that was accidentally captured near Yibin in 2003 and released after having been

2591:. While in the Sichuan basin, it receives several large tributaries, increasing its water volume significantly. It then cuts through 7905: 5588: 1181: 9498: 8571: 7316:"Cornell Plant, Lost Girls and Recovered Lives – Sino-British Relations at the Human Level in Late Qing and Early Republican China" 6830:"Geomorphological Evolution of the Hengshixi Anticline of The Three Gorges Area Through Isobases: A Model of Yangtze River Capture" 4039: 9047: 2012:) or the "Yangzi River", from which the English name Yangtze is derived, is the local name for the Lower Yangtze in the region of 8345: 7764: 8555: 8199: 6872: 6048:"Effects of the Three Gorges Project on Runoff and Related Benefits of the Key Regions along Main Branches of the Yangtze River" 3435:

was not designed for cargo or passengers and if Little wanted to take his vision one step further, he required an expert pilot.

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Bridge-building slowed in the 1980s before resuming in the 1990s and accelerating in the first decade of the 21st century. The

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Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status.

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by installed capacity, at 22.5 GW. Several dams are operating or are being constructed on the upper portion of the river, the

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as First Senior River Inspector in 1915. In this role, Plant installed navigational marks and established signaling systems.

3291: 2204: 1413: 7542: 5655: 2529: 2497: 7107: 6646: 5393: 5369: 4710: 2164: 17: 8806: 6898: 6558: 5768: 4775:. This makes it one of the most species-rich rivers in Asia and by far the most species-rich in China (in comparison, the 3782:. Ten rivers transport 90% of all the plastic that reaches the oceans, with the Yangtze River being the biggest polluter. 3721:

shrunk from 100 square kilometers (39 sq mi) in the 1950s to 40 square kilometers (15 sq mi) in 2005.

3494:. Other Chinese vessels came onto the run and by 1915, foreign ships expressed their interest too. Plant was appointed by 10779: 10769: 10122: 7612: 6844: 5978: 5953: 2526:(202 mi) southeast of Geladandong. This source was only discovered in the late 20th century and lies in wetlands at 2141:

began to be applied in the 18th century, apparently owing to a former name of the Dam Chu or Min and to analogy with the

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the Three Gorges Dam, a project that has affected many species of animals and plant life found only in the gorges area.

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was a compromise between the two methods adopted at the 1906 Imperial Postal Conference in Shanghai, which established

2184: 4061: 2450: 1724:("River that leads to Heaven") describes the 813 km (505 mi) section from Yushu up to the confluence of the 1708:. However, the Chinese have given different names to the upstream sections of the river up to its confluence with the 1655:, and loss of wetland and lakes, which exacerbates seasonal flooding. Some sections of the river are now protected as 10834: 9170: 9162: 9154: 9135: 9113: 9098: 9015: 8525: 7649: 7567: 7464: 6881: 6629: 5818: 4146: 4110:

After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, Soviet engineers assisted in the design and construction of the

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were a series of major floods that lasted from middle of June to the beginning of September 1998 along the Yangtze.

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provided a provision which opened Chongqing fully to foreign trade. Little took up residence in Chongqing and built

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using trebuchets at the Jurchen warships. The battle was a Song victory that halted the invasion by the Jin. The

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from the lower Yangtze basin is one of the few Chinese salamander species to remain common and it is considered

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After entering Hubei province, the Yangtze receives water from a number of lakes. The largest of these lakes is

532: 477: 422: 367: 300: 7181:"The Tools of Imperialism: Technology and the Expansion of European Colonial Empires in the Nineteenth Century" 7072: 5079: 4353: 2938:

in 506 BC, but Chu subsequently supported Yue in its attacks against Wu's southern flank. In 473 BC,

2429: 2407: 1518: 1221: 1087: 948: 8407: 7315: 728:(Period: 1980–2020)905.7 km/a (28,700 m/s) 30,708 m/s (1,084,400 cu ft/s) (2019–2020) 9360: 9224: 8655: 8482: 7805: 4981: 4942: 4220: 4138: 2332: 1919: 1510: 1207: 1139: 934: 5318: 4675: 3108:

Historically, the Yangtze was the political boundary between north China and south China several times (see

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The origin of the Yangtze River has been dated by some geologists to about 45 million years ago in the

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would be reconnected at the cost of US$ 2.3 billion creating China's largest urban wetland landscape.

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sailed up the Yangtze, from Shanghai to past the Three Gorges Dam, in the collectively owned "Nordkaperen"

3009: 2328: 2167:

included descriptions of the "Ianſu" and "Ianſuchian." The posthumous account's translation of the name as

1757: 7590: 5702:"Monitoring of Yangtze River Discharge at Datong Hydrometric Station Using Acoustic Tomography Technology" 4811:(8 species, including 1 endemic). No other order has more than four species in the river and one endemic. 1189: 10814: 9239: 8496: 8168: 7456: 5466: 4690: 4300: 3265: 2986: 2766: 2436: 1558: 174: 35: 5000:

While many fish species native to the Yangtze are seriously threatened, others have become important in

3592:

in publicity stunts to demonstrate his health, also starting a swimming craze through party propaganda.

1553:

of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km (3,915 mi) in a generally easterly direction to the

10819: 10809: 10804: 10634: 10590: 10104: 9083: 8271: 7406:"Embodying Maoism: The swimming craze, the Mao cult, and body politics in Communist China, 1950s–1970s" 5433: 4188: 4158: 4111: 3299: 1313: 1047: 9179:; illustrations by Ivon A. Donnelly. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, 1926. 7734: 5531: 10829: 8979: 7692:

WWF UK Case Study 2011 / HSBC:Safeguarding the Yangtze. Celebrating 10 years of conservation success.

6081: 4863: 4115: 3666: 3658: 3253: 9082:, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Sep. 1898), pp. 225–240; Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The 6026: 3021:

country, especially in the lower reaches of the river. Early in the Qing dynasty, the region called

2418: 10824: 10799: 10794: 10784: 9217: 9106:

The Three Gorges and The Upper Yangzi, From Past to Present, The New Yangzi River Trilogy, Vol. III

9078: 8783: 8714: 8412: 7769: 7760: 7644:

Spignesi, Stephen J. (2004). Catastrophe!: the 100 greatest disasters of all time. Citadel Press.

7211: 5938:. "Introductory Essay." 1880. Reprint: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 5163: 5139: 5123: 5083: 5067: 4907: 4875: 3771: 3751: 3636: 2915: 2403: 2013: 1979: 1620: 1546: 869: 8919:

Fang, F.; Sun, H.; Zhao, Q.; Lin, C.; Sun, Y.; Gao, W.; Xu, J.; Zhou, J.; Ge, F.; Liu, N. (2013).

8319: 8096: 6695: 6494:

The World of To-day: A Survey of the Lands and Peoples of The Globe as Seen in Travel and Commerce

9761: 9247: 8145: 6005: 5461: 5190: 4100: 4083: 4051: 3344: 3139: 2814: 2577: 2396: 2374: 2216: 1753: 1593: 179: 31: 7930: 5112: 4980:

blocked the migration of the paddlerfish and two sturgeon, while also effectively splitting the

4763:, including 362 that strictly are freshwater species. The remaining are also known from salt or 10759: 10127: 9309: 8738:

Stuart, S.; Hoffman, M.; Chanson, J.; Cox, N.; Berridge, R.; Ramani, P., and Young, B. (2008).

6652: 6198: 5669:"Sediment sink-source transitions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River estuary" 5496: 5243: 3553: 3546: 3155: 2896: 2361:

A topographical map of China depicting the Yangtze's steady course and the former route of the

1943: 7480: 6531: 6473: 6447: 6395: 6348: 6324: 6154: 5925:

The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah

5896: 5869: 4637: 4122:, also a road-rail bridge, was the first bridge to cross the lower reaches of the Yangtze, in 10627: 10062: 10042: 10017: 6419: 6371: 6281: 6231: 6203: 5928: 5501: 4859: 4848: 4832: 4788: 4588: 3566: 3510: 3503:

Handbook for the Guidance of Shipmasters on the Ichang-Chungking Section of the Yangtze River

3420: 3269: 2840: 2308: 2200: 1624: 1608:, comprising railways, roads and airports to create a new economic belt alongside the river. 1570: 1399: 7151:

Science and Civilisation in China: Military technology: The Gunpowder Epic, Volume 5, Part 7

6127: 2781:, both among the earliest cultivators of rice. By the 3rd millennium BC, the successor 2223:

and discharged into the ocean a mere few hundred kilometers from the mouth of the Yangtze.)

9825: 9682: 9643: 9613: 9457: 8932: 8242: 8200:"Up to 23 feet long, the Chinese paddlefish was the giant of the Yangtze. And we killed it" 7873: 6954: 6794: 6736: 5713: 5256: 5087: 4869: 4838: 4573: 4532: 4315: 4268: 3442:

to come out to China to lend his expertise. Captain Plant had just completed navigation of

3439: 3121: 2756: 2698: 2697:

within the historical record, the Yangtze has remained largely static. Based on studies of

2645:, the biggest freshwater lake in China, merges into the river. The river then runs through 2208: 2188: 8000:

Distribution, Endemism and Conservation Status of Fishes in the Yangtze River Basin, China

5790: 2653:, receiving more water from innumerable smaller lakes and rivers, and finally reaches the 8: 10112: 10047: 9952: 9584: 9550: 9370: 9299: 9091:

Nanjing and the Lower Yangzi, From Past to Present, The New Yangzi River Trilogy, Vol. II

7858: 5775: 5580: 5483: 5340: 5324: 5230: 5220:

species, including several endemics. A particularly rich genus in the river basin is the

5205: 5155: 5143: 5131: 4854: 4843: 4776: 4681: 4594: 4502: 4402: 4154: 3842: 3182: 3066: 2939: 2931: 2720: 2631: 2263: 2239: 2033: 1810: 1709: 1671: 1648: 1640: 885: 845: 8936: 8568: 8246: 7877: 7662: 6958: 6798: 6740: 5717: 4336: 2817:

their bodies, and living in small settlements among bamboo groves – and were considered

10225: 10057: 9947: 9810: 9648: 9598: 9562: 9447: 9336: 9146:

The River at the Center of the World: A Journey Up the Yangtze and Back in Chinese Time

9041: 8955: 8920: 8832:"Stocking models of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonica sinensis) in Yangtze lakes" 7433: 7203: 6810: 6752: 6368:

The Modern Part of an Universal History, from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time

6250: 5562: 5296:, a headwater stream of the Yangtze River, known in Tibetan as Maqu, or the "Red River" 5277: 5151: 5135: 5025: 4950: 4827: 4815: 4376: 3651: 3431:

completed the upriver journey to Chongqing but not without the assistance of trackers.

2998: 2892: 2818: 2694: 2557:

and 5,170 m (16,960 ft) above sea level just southeast of Chadan Township in

2491: 2220: 1632: 1550: 1123: 1115: 285: 118: 8847: 8408:"China imposes a 10-year fishing ban for Yangtze River to protect marine biodiversity" 6164:. "Chinese Tartary." A. Fullarton & Co. (London), 1849. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 4913: 3832: 3600: 10278: 10022: 9557: 9166: 9158: 9150: 9140: 9131: 9109: 9094: 8960: 8901: 8897: 8760: 8743: 8691: 8601: 8476: 8255: 8230: 8003: 7897: 7889: 7707: 7645: 7563: 7460: 7437: 7425: 7388: 7252: 7207: 7154: 7129: 7025: 7001: 6978: 6970: 6869: 6814: 6756: 6656: 6625: 6597: 6392:

Encyclopaedia Londinensis, or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature

6047: 5566: 5189:. This newt has not been seen since 1979 and is considered extinct. In contrast, the 5147: 5075: 5055: 4819: 4804: 4240: 4150: 4127: 3815: 3775: 3755: 3734: 3680: 3646: 3541: 3403: 3402:

Archibald John Little took an interest in Upper Yangtze navigation when in 1876, the

3348: 3272:

issued an edict warning that she would be fired on if she attempted the trip. On the

3167: 3143: 3102: 2895:, political institutions, and military technology, they were among the most powerful 2790: 2778: 2443: 1873: 1835: 1749: 1644: 1616: 1605: 1297: 1289: 1022: 1014: 914: 10619: 8296: 8073: 7292:, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., Massachusetts, 1988, p.18-19 and 121–123. 7124:

Tao, Jing-shen (2002). "A Tyrant on the Yangtze: The Battle of T'sai-shih in 1161".

5526: 5247:, now an invasive species in large parts of the world, originates from the Yangtze. 5126:

is the world's largest amphibian, reaching up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft) in length.

3836:

Map of the Yangtze river (facing west) showing the major settlements along its banks

2145:, but it was frequently explained in early English references as a 'translation' of 10715: 10650: 10522: 10507: 10295: 10002: 9942: 9353: 8950: 8940: 8893: 8843: 8778: 8709: 8641:

van Dijk, P.P.; Iverson, J.B.; Rhodin, A.G.J.; Shaffer, H.B.; and Bour, R. (2014).

8314: 8250: 8140: 8122: 8091: 7881: 7417: 7378:, Greenwich, Archive Collection, "Papers of Capt. Samuel Cornell Plant," MS/69/123. 7237: 7195: 6962: 6802: 6744: 6278:

Report upon the Trading Capabilities of the Country Traversed by the Yunnan Mission

5721: 5680: 5554: 5419: 5411: 5235: 5209: 5186: 4993: 4985: 4938: 4891: 4887: 4752: 4728: 4345: 4284: 4092: 3982: 3937: 3882: 3779: 3612: 3574: 3506: 3261: 3147: 3109: 3016:

period) made agriculture very stable and productive, eventually exceeding even the

2806: 2786: 2782: 2562: 2227: 2093: 1798: 1705: 1636: 1597: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1481: 1449: 1376: 1244: 979: 801: 94: 7539: 10492: 10403: 10323: 10290: 10213: 9992: 9982: 9864: 9518: 8945: 8813: 8676: 8650: 8628: 8575: 8512: 8393: 8278: 7546: 7513: 7111: 7104: 6902: 6876: 6683: 6608: 6585: 6565: 6538: 6504: 6480: 6454: 6427: 6402: 6378: 6355: 6331: 6288: 6238: 6210: 6181: 6161: 6134: 6111: 6088: 6012: 5935: 5822: 5772: 5741: 5344: 5217: 5174: 4142: 3902: 3714: 3549: 3467: 3386: 3307: 3159: 2985:, setting up military commanderies along the main lines of communication. At the 2876: 2483: 2251: 9195: 7494: 1867: 1864: 1852: 10710: 10690: 10680: 10137: 10132: 10094: 10037: 10007: 9905: 9835: 9785: 9628: 9279: 7620: 6895: 5765: 5685: 5668: 5104: 5039: 4965: 4903: 4899: 4772: 4760: 4522: 4426: 4236: 4162: 3862: 3742: 3608: 3570: 3378: 3315: 3136: 3125: 3013: 2923: 2774: 2716: 2654: 2300: 2288: 2097: 1858: 1817: 1721: 1611:

The Yangtze flows through a wide array of ecosystems and is habitat to several

1562: 1554: 1275: 1160: 1153: 1000: 573: 9204: 7753: 7421: 6829: 6806: 6358:. 1997. Reprint: McFarland (Jefferson, N.C.), 2003. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 5982: 5957: 5726: 5701: 5558: 4814:

Many Yangtze fish species have declined drastically and 65 were recognized as

4380:

A shipyard on the banks of the Yangtze building commercial river freight boats

2930:. They fell in against themselves, however. Chu's growing power led its rival 10753: 10675: 10084: 9967: 9815: 9780: 9746: 9707: 9677: 9608: 9472: 9462: 9390: 9331: 9326: 9294: 9199: 8769: 8700: 8341: 8305: 8131: 8082: 7893: 7429: 7256: 6974: 6915: 6519: 6444:

The Chinese: A General Description of the Empire of China and Its Inhabitants

5901: 5194: 5029: 4946: 4792: 4658: 4609: 4486: 4476: 4466: 4432: 4256: 4166: 4130:

and did not receive foreign assistance. Road-rail bridges were then built in

3747: 3730: 3673: 3257: 3243: 3117: 3112:) because crossing the river was difficult. This occurred notably during the 2990: 2963: 2919: 2904: 2619: 2612: 2544: 2531: 2512: 2499: 1957: 1928: 1824: 1786: 1604:. In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier 1589: 1327: 1061: 889: 853: 618: 605: 547: 534: 492: 479: 437: 424: 382: 369: 315: 302: 7885: 7105:

Lingqu Canal (Xiang'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Qin Dynasty)

4099:, and cross the river by steam ferry before resuming journeys by train from 2044:

is considered to be at Yichang and that between midstream and downstream at

1845: 56: 10720: 10700: 10695: 10542: 10464: 10355: 10148: 10089: 10012: 9962: 9874: 9702: 9638: 9633: 9530: 9523: 9489: 9477: 9467: 9432: 9289: 9284: 8964: 8905: 8370:

Fish resources in the Yangtze basin and the strategy for their conservation

8282:

National Marine Fisheries Service, Report to Office of Protected Resources.

7901: 5543: 5360: 5293: 5021: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4808: 4796: 4780: 4735:. A high percentage of these are seriously threatened by human activities. 4696: 4621: 4472: 4392: 4361: 4357: 4349: 3977: 3604: 3514: 3396: 3277: 3229: 3194: 3151: 3132: 3090: 3017: 2955: 2908: 2900: 2888: 2798: 2770: 2752: 2748: 2702: 2690: 2662: 2626:

and Hubei provinces, and is the outlet for most of the rivers in Hunan. At

2604: 2592: 2558: 2362: 2267: 2212: 2196: 2160: 2142: 2045: 1806: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1659:. A stretch of the upstream Yangtze flowing through deep gorges in western 1251: 1132: 986: 841: 62: 8529: 6982: 6905:." Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2013. 5862:"90 percent of ocean plastic waste comes from Asia and Africa • Earth.com" 5815: 5259:, also called the "Three Gorges cruise", is a popular tourist attraction. 5118: 3672:

In the summer of 1998, China experienced massive flooding of parts of the

3370: 2810: 10705: 10572: 10079: 10052: 9987: 9972: 9927: 9915: 9895: 9859: 9805: 9790: 9717: 9712: 9692: 9572: 9567: 9508: 9437: 9395: 8851: 7730: 5017: 4969: 4934: 4926: 4918: 4800: 4625: 4492: 4456: 4365: 3942: 3892: 3795: 3726: 3710: 3447: 3094: 3005: 2974: 2970:, giving them a strong base to attack Chu's settlements along the river. 2884: 2794: 2744: 2666: 2642: 2487: 2482:

The river originates from several tributaries in the eastern part of the

1887: 1879: 1736: 1174: 881: 568: 9205:

Video of walking along the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province

7857:

Schmidt, Christian; Krauth, Tobias; Wagner, Stephan (October 11, 2017).

7824:"Almost all plastic in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers – 30.11.2017" 6175:

China divided into its Great Provinces According to the best Authorities

5910:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 903. 2357: 1900:

river in Chinese, and this river was distinguished as the "Great River"

10685: 10665: 10072: 9937: 9932: 9900: 9845: 9795: 9751: 9741: 9727: 9623: 9545: 9427: 9400: 9385: 9365: 9304: 9264: 9073: 6721: 6137:." Bell & Macfarquhar (Edinburgh), 1797. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 5920: 5470: 5185:), is home to several highly threatened fish, but was also home to the 5182: 5108: 5059: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4922: 4881: 4613: 4567:

until the 20th century, but now primarily discharges into the Yangtze.

4564: 4560: 4462: 4452: 4340:

Diagram showing dams planned for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

3585: 3463: 3311: 3178: 2959: 2935: 2829: 2701:, however, it is unlikely that the present discharge site predates the 2366: 2247: 2081: 1306: 1040: 873: 353: 8471:. September 10, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2015. 7509:"British explorer is first person to complete 4,000-mile Yangtze trek" 6334:. Crabtree Publishing Co. (New York), 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 2891:, they were famed as fishers, shipwrights, and sword-smiths. Adopting 1927:), meaning "long", was first formally applied to the river during the 10532: 10527: 10512: 10497: 10375: 10283: 10270: 10243: 10067: 10032: 9910: 9771: 9756: 9736: 9687: 9658: 9653: 9618: 9593: 9540: 9535: 9513: 9452: 9442: 9405: 9380: 9316: 8229:

Zhang, H.; Wei, Q. W.; Du, H.; Shen, L.; Li, Y. H.; Zhao, Y. (2009).

8026:. Vol. II Vertebrates – Part 1. High Education Press, Beijing, China. 7613:"Great Wall Across the Yangtze, Three Gorges Dam - Facts and Figures" 7067: 6966: 6748: 6720:

Richardson, N.J.; Densmore, A.L.; Seward, D. Wipf M. Yong L. (2010).

6105:

The Empire of China and island of Japan, agreeable to modern history.

5895: 5437: 5221: 5200: 5178: 5170: 5095:. However, as there have been no confirmed sightings since 2004, the 5050: 4743: 4666: 4579: 4542: 4512: 4436: 4412: 4396: 4385: 4002: 3992: 3967: 3867: 3847: 3619: 3558: 3362: 3285: 3120:. Many battles took place along the river, the most famous being the 3098: 2982: 2943: 2835: 2825: 2730:

Afternoon in the jagged mountains rising from the Yangtze River gorge

2726: 2712: 2596: 2041: 1652: 1643:. In recent years, the river has suffered from industrial pollution, 1346: 1080: 849: 237: 193: 163: 8873:. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2812. 6837:

International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science and Technology

6483:. "A Cruise on the Yangtze Kyang." W. Kent & Co. (London), 1865. 5667:

Yunping, Yang; Mingjin, Zhang; Jinhai, Zheng; Lingling, Zhu (2023).

4042: 4037:

Map all coordinates in "Yangtze River bridges and tunnels" using

3256:

in 1835. This small vessel was to carry passengers and mail between

2805:" people of the lower Yangtze possessed very different traditions – 2385: 2219:

and the 1850s, during which time the Yellow River ran well south of

72: 10670: 10582: 10557: 10537: 10502: 10454: 10426: 10421: 10370: 10333: 10027: 9830: 9603: 9422: 9415: 9410: 9375: 8871:

Biological Synopsis of the Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

8758: 8689: 8354: 8040:"Chinese paddlefish, one of world's largest fish, declared extinct" 7663:"Climate change: Covid shutdown linked to record rainfall in China" 7199: 5034: 4902:

failed to catch any, but two probable specimens were recorded with

4764: 4748: 4732: 4617: 4552: 4516: 4482: 4328: 4131: 4012: 3987: 3962: 3952: 3932: 3917: 3897: 3086: 3082: 3070: 3030: 3022: 2994: 2872: 2868: 2192: 2110:. By the mid-19th century, these romanizations had standardized as 2049: 1612: 1353: 1101: 877: 585: 249: 241: 225: 217: 209: 201: 167: 7806:"China seeks better protection of Yangtze river with landmark law" 6541:, Bernardus Gualterus (Cologne), 1617. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 3276:

first trial run from Lintin Island the forts on both sides of the

3101:, allowed a direct water connection from the Yangtze Basin to the 2572:(Tsinghai), turning southward down a deep valley at the border of 923:)" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters 10562: 10552: 10517: 10487: 10482: 10474: 10449: 10413: 10398: 10338: 10313: 10235: 5441: 5312:, where the river turns 180 degrees from southbound to northbound 4823: 4784: 4768: 4662: 4496: 4260: 4123: 4007: 3997: 3972: 3947: 3912: 3907: 3887: 3319: 3206: 3198: 3174: 3034: 3026: 2967: 2934:

to support Wu as a counter. Wu successfully sacked Chu's capital

2858: 2650: 2635: 2608: 2573: 2569: 2292: 2037: 1939: 1935: 1542: 1165: 797: 589: 245: 233: 205: 197: 151: 143: 131: 123: 6184:." Mathew Carey (Philadelphia), 1795. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 6114:" Bowles & Bowles (London), 1736. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 4077:

Until 1957, there were no bridges across the Yangtze River from

3701: 2843:

around 350 BC, showing the former coastline of the Yangtze delta

2669:

meets the river; the downstream part is from Hukou to Shanghai.

2568:

These tributaries join and the river then runs eastward through

2254:

instead of Nanjing's and first published in 1867. The spellings

1934:

Various sections of the Yangtze have local names. From Yibin to

1602:

largest hydro-electric power station in the world that is in use

10595: 10567: 10444: 10350: 10328: 10260: 10205: 10117: 9997: 9977: 9957: 9697: 9269: 9016:"Three Gorges Cruise: Sailing China Yangtze River Three Gorges" 7549:. PBS NOVA Online. March 26, 1996. Retrieved February 12, 2013. 6528:

De Christiana Expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Iesu

6524:

De Christiana Expeditione Apud Sinas Suscepta ab Societate Jesu

5309: 4973: 4546: 4526: 4446: 4416: 4264: 3957: 3877: 3872: 3857: 3163: 3078: 2951: 2947: 2848: 2802: 2740: 2673: 2581: 2340: 2126: 1790: 1668: 1660: 1526: 758: 268: 221: 189: 127: 8507:. Third Edition. IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group: Darwin. 6241:. Osprey Publishing (Oxford), 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 4711:

Sanjiangyuan ("Three Rivers' Sources") National Nature Reserve

4318:

is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River.

3814:

announced that six huge, stagnating urban lakes including the

2016:. The name likely comes from an ancient ferry crossing called 1418: 1404: 10547: 10436: 10390: 10380: 10365: 10360: 10305: 10255: 9242: 8387:

Expert calls for 10-year fishing moratorium on Yangtze River.

5415: 5071: 4629: 4506: 4406: 4096: 4078: 3927: 3922: 3852: 3811: 3803: 3596: 3589: 3454:

at the end of 1898. With Plant's design input, Little had SS

3038: 2978: 2863: 2853: 2646: 2627: 2623: 2600: 2588: 1983: 1961: 1713: 1566: 1490: 1144: 754: 715: 213: 147: 139: 135: 111: 30:"Yangzi" and "Changjiang" redirect here. For other uses, see 8372:. Resources and environment in the Yangtze Valley, 1: 17–23. 6885:, Vol. 137, No. 2, p. 314. 1999. Retrieved December 5, 2013. 6321:

Rivers Around the World: The Yangtze: China's Majestic River

5666: 3778:, a Dutch environmental research foundation that focuses on 1559:

fifth-largest primary river by discharge volume in the world

10459: 10318: 9668: 8882: 8830:

Wang, H.-Z.; Wang, H.-J.; Liang, X.-M.; Cui, Y.-D. (2003).

8503:

Pp. 5–9 in: Manolis, S.C., and Stevenson, C., eds. (2010).

4895: 4536: 4344:

As of 2007, there are two dams built on the Yangtze river:

4191:, the first bridge crossing Yangtze, was completed in 1957. 3738: 3443: 3074: 2287:

The source and upper reaches of the Yangtze are located in

2040:

to the whole river. The dividing site between upstream and

1502: 1493: 1470: 1461: 1337: 1071: 229: 6953:(6554). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 275–278. 5062:, reaching a maximum length of about 2 m (7 ft). 4992:. In an attempt of minimizing the effect of the dams, the 4364:

is the second largest after the Three Gorges Dam, and the

3450:

and took up Little's offer to assess the Upper Yangtze on

2765:

The Yangtze River is important to the cultural origins of

9039: 8067: 8065: 7352:, published by Order of the Inspector General of Customs. 5836:"New stimulus measures by China to boost economic growth" 5024:. Other species that support important fisheries include 3802:

in Hubei on the middle Yangtze. In 2005, Baidang Lake in

3650:

between 3.7 million and 4 million. The Yangtze

2324: 1487: 1458: 1455: 1358: 1186: 1120: 1106: 1092: 8734: 8732: 8290: 8288: 8116: 8114: 7998:

Ye, S.; Li, Z.; Liu, J;, Zhang, T.; and Xie, S. (2011).

6719: 5889: 5887: 5208:

is a commercially important species in the Yangtze, but

4759:

As of 2011, 416 fish species are known from the Yangtze

3069:

connects the lower Yangtze with the major cities of the

2715:). Prior to this, its headwaters drained south into the 1318: 1052: 6944: 6722:"Did incision of the Three Gorges begin in the Eocene?" 6015:. iUniverse (Lincoln), 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2013. 4968:

and most of these are non-jumpers, meaning that normal

3252:, the first steamship to sail the river, was built for 8505:

Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

8062: 6611:." G. Allen (London), 1801. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 6381:. "Of the Empires of China and Japan." (London), 1783. 3131:

The Yangtze was the site of naval battles between the

10649: 8729: 8459: 8457: 8380: 8378: 8285: 8111: 7320:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch

7245:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch

5884: 5633:"Three Gorges Says Yangtze River Flow Surpasses 1998" 5547:

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment

4822:. Among these are three that are considered entirely 4287:, an arch bridge in Chongqing, was completed in 2007. 2989:, these southern commanderies became the independent 2824:

The Central Yangtze valley was home to sophisticated

2211:

to Beijing. (That connection also made it one of the

2195:

was the lower river's principal port for much of the

2023: 2017: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1965: 1947: 1907: 1891: 1772: 1687: 1499: 1467: 1294: 1280: 1256: 1019: 1005: 991: 8526:"The Chinese river dolphin was functionally extinct" 6989: 5234:

spread to Europe and North America where considered

5181:, which is part of the upper Yangtze watershed (via 4925:) been spread through large parts of the world with 3525:

was brought down river to Shanghai for safekeeping.

3201:, though it later moved the capital to Beijing. The 1496: 1464: 814:(Period: 1980–2020)428.7 km/a (13,580 m/s) 771:(Period: 1980–2020)711.1 km/a (22,530 m/s) 7856: 7735:"Isolated Yangtze lakes reunited with mother river" 6870:

Mass Accumulation Rates in Asia During the Cenozoic

6588:." Boudet (Paris), 1751. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 6553:Ricci, Matteo & al. Samuel Purchas (trans.) in 5473:

but sometimes considered to separate at the Yangtze

4933:The largest threats to the Yangtze native fish are 3588:took staged swims in the river in 1956 and 1966 at 3197:occupied most parts of China from their capital at 3170:was another Yangtze naval battle in the same year. 2769:and Japan. Human activity has been verified in the 2634:, bringing water from its northern basin as far as 2410:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2369:mouth, after its stabilization by the Grand Eunuch 1484: 1452: 8615: 8613: 8454: 8375: 7000:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 36–54. 5038:pufferfish (mainly in the lowermost sections) and 4243:near the Gezhouba Dam lock, was completed in 1996. 3765: 3474:. Germany's steamship effort that same year on SS 9165:; trade paperback, St. Martins, 2004, 432 pages, 9121:American Merchant Ships on the Yangtze, 1920–1941 8865: 8863: 8861: 8018: 8016: 8002:. pp. 41–66 in: Ecosystems Biodiversity, InTech. 7859:"Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea" 7725: 7723: 6002:Sound Business: The Reality of Chinese Characters 1982:, one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China. In 61:Dusk on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River ( 10751: 9108:. Singapore: Times Editions/Marshall Cavendish. 9093:. Singapore: Times Editions/Marshall Cavendish. 8829: 8449:Threats to biodiversity in Chinese inland waters 7994: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7765:"Yangtze River Turns Red and Turns Up a Mystery" 7706:. International Rivers Network. pp. 55–56. 6422:. September 4, 1964. Retrieved August 14, 2013. 5914: 3357: 9043:Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary Society 8980:"NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – 8610: 8384:Yiman, L.; and Zhouyang, D. (January 4, 2013). 8034: 8032: 7313: 6995: 6696:"Yangtze River - The lower course | Britannica" 6254: 5699: 5308:The first turn of the Yangtze at Shigu (石鼓) in 4937:and habitat loss (such as building of dams and 4368:is the 4th largest power station in the world. 3821: 1665:Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas 9149:, Holt, Henry & Company, 1996, hardcover, 8918: 8858: 8784:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T59442A63868627.en 8715:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T59445A63869216.en 8528:. baiji.org. December 13, 2006. Archived from 8272:Status Review Report of Five Foreign Sturgeon. 8228: 8013: 7720: 7128:. Chinese University Press. pp. 149–155. 6300:Recorded as bearing the local Chinese name of 5816:International Rivers, Three Gorges Dam profile 3828:Category:Populated places on the Yangtze River 3209:in the periods 1911–12, 1927–37, and 1945–49. 1541:'long river') is the longest river in 688:110,000 m/s (3,900,000 cu ft/s) 10635: 10164: 9225: 8320:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T18428A8264989.en 8097:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T231A174775412.en 7975: 7042: 6784: 6640: 6638: 6624:, p. 73. China Intercontinental Press, 2004. 6555:Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas His Pilgrimes 6301: 5280:, the traditional source of the Yangtze River 5216:The Yangtze basin contains a large number of 3697:Water resources in China § Water quality 3158:on the Yangtze. Song soldiers fired bombs of 2693:has fluctuated widely north and south of the 2323:, ‘Bri Chu’), literally "Water of the Female 2178: 2172: 2119: 2101: 2084:and appeared on the earliest English maps as 2075: 2065: 1922: 1913: 1901: 1862: 1850: 1766: 1760: 1743: 1226: 1212: 953: 939: 668:30,146 m/s (1,064,600 cu ft/s) 86: 10178: 8825: 8823: 8759:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). 8690:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). 8191: 8146:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T236A13044272.en 8029: 7453:The Water Kingdom: A Secret History of China 5828: 5177:), habitat loss and pollution. The polluted 4921:is native to the river, but has (like other 4894:are considered critically endangered by the 4026:Bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River 3085:) and with northern China (all the way from 2942:fully annexed Wu and moved his court to its 2295:. In Tibetan, the Tuotuo headwaters are the 2230:had adopted the French style of the name as 9086:(with the Institute of British Geographers) 9033: 8869:Veilleux, É; and de Lafontaine, Y. (2007). 8661: 8397:ChinaDialogue. Retrieved November 12, 2015. 7729: 7348:"Returns of Trade and Trade Reports 1918," 7153:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. 5946: 5944: 5793:. earthobservatory.nasa.gov. June 8, 2009. 5791:"Three Gorges Dam, China: Image of the Day" 4271:in the world when it was completed in 2008. 3690: 3466:after its first run due to threat from the 3284:in any case needed repairs and was sent to 1623:, and also was the home of the now extinct 1576:The Yangtze has played a major role in the 1549:in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the 1536: 646:1,808,500 km (698,300 sq mi) 10642: 10628: 10171: 10157: 9232: 9218: 9046:. London: John Snow & Co. p. 64. 8600:. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 8160: 7558:Glantz, Mickey. Glantz, Michael H (2003). 6644: 6635: 6215:Ta Tsing Wan-neën Yih-tung King-wei Yu-too 5954:"Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction" 5573: 5457:Category: Tributaries of the Yangtze River 3737:of fish in ponds spread using one type of 2958:was able to unite China by first subduing 1704:" is the official name for the Yangtze in 913: 9157:; trade paperback, Owl Publishing, 1997, 8954: 8944: 8820: 8782: 8713: 8318: 8294: 8254: 8144: 8120: 8095: 8071: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7374:Plant Memorial Brochure, March 20, 1923, 7114:(Nomination for the UNESCO Heritage List) 6677:New and longer Yangtze source discovered. 5967:, p. 56. 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2013. 5725: 5684: 3427:, to tackle the gorges in 1898. In March 3089:to Beijing). The less well known ancient 3012:, northwest of Chengdu, built during the 2641:At the northern tip of Jiangxi province, 2630:, it receives its biggest tributary, the 2470:Learn how and when to remove this message 2315:, lit. "Red Water"). The Tongtian is the 2215:'s principal ports between the floods of 2191:subsequently turned it into a backwater, 1569:, and is home to nearly one-third of the 678:2,000 m/s (71,000 cu ft/s) 8971: 7911:from the original on September 14, 2020. 7759: 7178: 7024:, p. 4. Chinese University Press, 1996. 7014: 6515: 6513: 6507:. Gresham Publishing Co. (London), 1907. 5941: 5199: 5117: 5049: 4912: 4742: 4375: 4335: 4327: 4223:, an arch bridge, was completed in 1992. 3831: 3700: 3540: 3385: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3343: 3340:Yangtze River steam boats filmed in 1937 3328: 2834: 2725: 2719:along or near the course of the present 2356: 1844: 1809:, all meaning "river", it is related to 1565:comprises one-fifth of the land area of 9128:Yangtze: nature, history, and the river 8465:"Protecting the Yangtze River in China" 8340: 7640: 7638: 7266:from the original on September 30, 2011 7174: 7172: 7170: 7148: 6405:. "Koko Nor." J. Adlard (London), 1812. 6192: 6190: 6145: 6143: 6099: 6097: 5166:, which all are considered threatened. 4795:(280 species, including 150 endemics), 4207:, a beam bridge, was completed in 1968. 4176:have also been built across the river. 3683:caused US$ 22 billion in damages. 3642:include those of 1931, 1954, and 1998. 3298:decided mainly on the "suggestions" of 3226:Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River 2226:By 1800, English cartographers such as 77:Map of the Yangtze River drainage basin 14: 10752: 8434:Zhang, C.-G.; and Zhao, Y.-H. (2001). 8197: 7866:Environmental Science & Technology 7795:Ellen Wohl. A World of Rivers, pg 287. 7777:from the original on November 12, 2012 7681: 7521:from the original on December 10, 2019 7361:Peter Simpson, "Hell and High Water," 6926:from the original on February 22, 2017 6465: 6463: 6438: 6436: 5950:Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. 5893: 4807:(12 species, including 1 endemic) and 3579: 3150:of 1161, the ships of the Jin emperor 2785:showed evidence of influence from the 2761:Southward expansion of the Han Dynasty 1861:marked as the "Mouth of the Yangtze" ( 1789:language of local peoples such as the 1615:and threatened species, including the 1296: 1122: 1021: 718:(Uppermost boundary of the ocean tide) 10623: 10199:(from upper reaches to lower reaches) 10152: 9213: 9123:. Wesport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. 8977: 8169:"Chinese paddlefish declared extinct" 8166: 7921: 7573: 6998:Prehistoric settlement of the Pacific 6850:from the original on January 30, 2019 6510: 6291:. Harrison & Sons (London), 1877. 6045: 5797:from the original on October 16, 2009 5399:Xiling Gorge, one of the Three Gorges 5375:Qutang Gorge, one of the Three Gorges 4799:(40 species, including 20 endemics), 3785: 2676:, but this dating has been disputed. 10765:Drainage basins of the Pacific Ocean 8210:from the original on January 9, 2020 8179:from the original on January 8, 2020 7834:from the original on August 22, 2018 7741:from the original on August 30, 2014 7635: 7450: 7403: 7330:from the original on August 11, 2018 7235: 7167: 6648:The River at the Center of the World 6187: 6140: 6094: 5617:. September 12, 2002. Archived from 4984:population into two and causing the 4803:(50 species, including 4 endemics), 4779:has almost 300 fish species and the 3025:(that includes the southern part of 2622:, which is located on the border of 2408:adding citations to reliable sources 2379: 2207:and connecting the Yangtze with the 1992:after the shorthand name for Anhui, 1986:, the river takes on the local name 10611:Major cities along the Yellow River 10123:North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal 9050:from the original on March 31, 2019 8770:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8701:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8306:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8132:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 8083:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7957:"Where we work:China – the Yangtze" 7123: 6577:E.g., in Didier, Robert & al. " 6460: 6433: 6310:), literally meaning "Clear Water." 6167: 5591:from the original on March 13, 2012 5444:, as it was in the mid-19th century 4157:in the world on the Yangtze Delta: 2684: 2134:) as the name of the river itself. 24: 10607:Major cities along the Pearl River 9066: 9040:London Missionary Society (1869). 8740:Threatened Amphibians of the World 8438:. Current Zoology, 47(5): 518–521. 8269:Meadows, D.; and Coll, H. (2013). 7954: 7822: 7701: 6827: 6766:from the original on July 23, 2018 6024: 5838:. Beijing Bulletin. Archived from 5611:"Flood types on the Yangtze River" 5489:South-North Water Transfer Project 4976:are ineffective. For example, the 4787:, but below the headwaters in the 4704: 4354:largest power station in the world 4030:Yangtze River power line crossings 3630: 3438:In 1898, Little persuaded Captain 3181:in the Three Kingdoms period, the 2587:It enters the basin of Sichuan at 25: 10846: 9183: 8996:from the original on May 17, 2014 8848:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.005 8596:Smith, A.T.; and Xie, Y. (2008). 8046:. January 8, 2020. Archived from 7363:South China Morning Post Magazine 6882:Geophysical Journal International 6025:An, Min (安民) (January 23, 2010). 5387:Wu Gorge, one of the Three Gorges 5363:, "Golden Sands River", in Yunnan 4988:of the Yangtze population of the 4303:at Anqing, was completed in 2005. 4141:was built in 1992 as part of the 3657:From June to September 1954, the 3618:In August 2019, Welsh adventurer 3584:Chinese Communist Party chairman 3521:was commandeered by warlords and 2797:developed along the more fertile 10734: 10733: 9241: 9189: 9008: 8912: 8898:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00228.x 8876: 8798: 8752: 8683: 8635: 8590: 8581: 8569:Rare river dolphin 'now extinct' 8562: 8544: 8518: 8489: 8441: 8428: 8400: 8362: 8334: 8263: 8256:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01268.x 8222: 8198:Cheung, Eric (January 7, 2020). 5777:. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 5426: 5404: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5352: 5332: 5317: 5301: 5285: 5269: 5045: 4755:) are both seriously threatened. 4689: 4674: 4651: 4636: 4602: 4587: 4572: 4308: 4292: 4276: 4248: 4228: 4212: 4196: 4181: 3770:The Yangtze River produces more 3496:Chinese Maritime Customs Service 3214: 2734: 2607:. Eastward of the Three Gorges, 2384: 2246:as part of his formerly popular 2032:). Europeans who arrived in the 1739:, the Yangtze was simply called 1480: 1448: 71: 55: 8598:A Guide to the Mammals of China 7948: 7915: 7850: 7816: 7798: 7789: 7695: 7655: 7605: 7552: 7533: 7501: 7487: 7473: 7444: 7404:Poon, Shuk-Wah (May 14, 2019). 7397: 7381: 7368: 7355: 7342: 7314:Shih Brandmeyer, Polly (2014). 7307: 7295: 7278: 7229: 7142: 7117: 7098: 7089: 7079: 7060: 7050: 7035: 6938: 6908: 6888: 6862: 6821: 6778: 6713: 6688: 6669: 6614: 6591: 6571: 6547: 6486: 6418:. "A Scary Pageant in Peking", 6408: 6384: 6361: 6337: 6313: 6294: 6270: 6244: 6220: 6117: 6070: 6039: 6018: 5994: 5970: 5854: 5809: 5783: 5639:. July 20, 2010. Archived from 5493:Steamboats on the Yangtze River 5478:Rediscovering the Yangtze River 5469:, traditionally divided by the 5134:and valleys. These include the 4717:Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan 4384:The Yangtze River has over 700 3766:Contribution to ocean pollution 3237: 3191:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 3187:Southern and Northern Dynasties 3114:Southern and Northern Dynasties 3037:, and the southeastern part of 2966:on the upper Yangtze in modern 2395:needs additional citations for 1964:, the river is also called the 1359: 1338: 1319: 1187: 1166: 1145: 1121: 1107: 1093: 1072: 1053: 8447:Xie, P.; and Chen, Y. (1999). 8235:Journal of Applied Ichthyology 8167:Yirka, Bob (January 8, 2020). 8022:Wang, S.; and Xie, Y. (2009). 7073:Records of the Grand Historian 7043: 6916:"Yayoi linked to Yangtze area" 6526:, Libri V, 1615. New Edition: 6228:Yangtze River Gunboats 1900–49 5759: 5734: 5693: 5625: 5603: 5537: 5520: 5080:Yangtze giant softshell turtle 5068:narrow-ridged finless porpoise 4371: 4352:. The Three Gorges Dam is the 4237:Yichang Yangtze Highway Bridge 3752:narrow-ridged finless porpoise 3654:, causing great loss of life. 3557:in Shanghai in 1937. She sank 3390:A container carrier on Yangtze 2373:'s public works following the 2345: 2336: 2029: 2009: 2005: 1975: 1971: 1923: 1914: 1697: 1693: 1621:narrow-ridged finless porpoise 1531: 1522: 1514: 1419: 1405: 1295: 1281: 1257: 1227: 1213: 1020: 1006: 992: 954: 940: 597: • coordinates 526: • coordinates 471: • coordinates 416: • coordinates 361: • coordinates 294: • coordinates 13: 1: 9177:Glimpses of the Yangze Gorges 9020:www.yangtze-river-cruises.com 8656:Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 8552:"Sciencemode.com – Home page" 8368:Liu, J.; and Cao, W. (1992). 7188:The Journal of Modern History 7126:Excursions in Chinese Culture 5513: 4982:Chinese high fin banded shark 4943:destructive fishing practices 4751:species in the Yangtze (here 4727:The Yangtze River has a high 4221:Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge 4139:Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge 4134:(1971) and Chongqing (1980). 4087:disaster (October 15, 1945). 3774:than any other, according to 3536: 3358:Navigation on the upper river 2903:. In the middle Yangtze, the 2706: 2096:which preserved forms of the 638:6,300 km (3,900 mi) 337:5,170 m (16,960 ft) 256:Physical characteristics 9130:. A Portable Stanford Book. 8946:10.1371/journal.pone.0053143 8817:Retrieved November 12, 2015. 8742:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. 8680:Retrieved November 12, 2015. 8632:Retrieved November 13, 2015. 7350:China – The Maritime Customs 7179:Headrick, Daniel R. (1979). 5212:in other parts of the world. 5160:Chinese stripe-necked turtle 4767:waters, such as the river's 4332:The Three Gorges Dam in 2006 4205:Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 4120:Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge 4019: 3822:Major cities along the river 3625: 3382:A vehicle carrier on Yangtze 2793:. What is now thought of as 2352: 1978:) or the "Jing River" after 1823:(city on riverside), whence 1756:origin, combining the water 1677: 1592:generates as much as 20% of 714:Datong hydrometric station, 333: • elevation 7: 9194:Geographic data related to 8627:September 27, 2011, at the 7457:University of Chicago Press 7365:, October 2, 2011, p.24-30. 7238:"Early Steamships in China" 6564:September 29, 2015, at the 5673:Frontiers in Marine Science 5467:Northern and Southern China 5449: 4953:also cause problems. About 4722: 4301:Anqing Yangtze River Bridge 4257:Sutong Yangtze River Bridge 4161:(1,385 m, opened in 1999), 4067:GPX (secondary coordinates) 3254:Jardine, Matheson & Co. 3097:with the headwaters of the 3073:region south of the river ( 2987:collapse of the Qin Dynasty 2024: 2018: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1966: 1948: 1908: 1892: 1857:) with its entrance to the 1785:was probably a word in the 1773: 1688: 793: • location 750: • location 710: • location 581: • location 281: • location 36:Changjiang (disambiguation) 10: 10851: 10780:Geography of Western China 10770:Geography of Central China 9126:Van Slyke, Lyman P. 1988. 9084:Royal Geographical Society 8675:December 10, 2017, at the 8277:December 19, 2014, at the 7110:February 28, 2019, at the 6645:Winchester, Simon (1996). 6180:November 13, 2013, at the 6110:November 13, 2013, at the 6087:November 13, 2013, at the 5825:. Retrieved August 3, 2009 5771:December 13, 2017, at the 5706:Frontiers in Earth Science 5686:10.3389/fmars.2023.1201533 5262: 5250: 5054:The critically endangered 4886:). Additionally, both the 4189:Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 4159:Jiangyin Suspension Bridge 4112:Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 4023: 3825: 3694: 3634: 3564: 3306:, the British started the 3241: 3061:of the nation's revenues. 3001:for control of the north. 2847:In the lower Yangtze, two 2738: 2689:Although the mouth of the 2679: 2494:. This source is found at 2282: 2055: 1834:(water) which is from the 1682: 810: • average 767: • average 724: • average 684: • maximum 674: • minimum 664: • average 29: 10729: 10661: 10604: 10581: 10473: 10435: 10412: 10389: 10304: 10269: 10234: 10204: 10187: 10103: 9888: 9844: 9770: 9726: 9667: 9583: 9488: 9254: 9104:Danielson, Eric N. 2005. 9089:Danielson, Eric N. 2004. 9072:Carles, William Richard, 8812:October 25, 2010, at the 8481:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7560:Climate Affairs: A Primer 7540:"Dealing with the Deluge" 7422:10.1017/S0026749X17000804 6807:10.1007/s12583-010-0090-4 6682:October 28, 2010, at the 6607:October 29, 2013, at the 6584:October 29, 2013, at the 6302: 6255: 6046:Zhang, Yongqiang (2001). 6031:[Yangtze Ferry]. 5976:Baxter & al. (2011), 5894:George, Jamieson (1911). 5727:10.3389/feart.2021.723123 5559:10.1007/s00477-009-0338-7 5241:The freshwater jellyfish 5074:(Yangtze river dolphin), 4864:Euchiloglanis kishinouyei 4267:, was one of the longest 4126:. It was built after the 4062:GPX (primary coordinates) 3667:1998 Yangtze River floods 3647:1931 Central China floods 3478:ended in catastrophe. On 2611:is the first city on the 2365:south of Shandong to the 2304: 2270:was adopted by the PRC's 2179: 2173: 2120: 2102: 2076: 2066: 1953: 1902: 1863: 1851: 1830:(กรุง capital city), not 1767: 1761: 1744: 1430: 1412: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1375: 1370: 1352: 1345: 1333: 1326: 1312: 1305: 1288: 1274: 1250: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1220: 1206: 1201: 1180: 1173: 1159: 1152: 1138: 1131: 1114: 1100: 1086: 1079: 1067: 1060: 1046: 1039: 1013: 999: 985: 978: 973: 969: 961: 947: 933: 928: 912: 908: 903: 895: 863: 835: 827: 822: 818: 808: 791: 783: 779: 775: 765: 748: 740: 736: 732: 722: 708: 700: 696: 692: 682: 672: 662: 654: 650: 642: 634: 595: 579: 567: 563: 524: 516: 512: 508: 469: 461: 457: 453: 414: 406: 402: 398: 359: 349: 345: 341: 331: 292: 279: 264: 260: 255: 185: 173: 157: 117: 107: 102: 82: 70: 54: 45: 10835:Rivers with fish ladders 9079:The Geographical Journal 8574:August 28, 2012, at the 8413:South China Morning Post 8344:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 7581: 7483:. Jyllands-Posten. 2002. 7376:National Maritime Museum 7149:Needham, Joseph (1987). 6868:Métivier, F. & al. " 6787:Journal of Earth Science 6470:The St. James's Magazine 6035:(in Simplified Chinese). 6027: 5508: 5164:Chinese softshell turtle 5140:yellow-headed box turtle 5124:Chinese giant salamander 5084:Chinese giant salamander 4876:Schizothorax longibarbus 4165:(1,490 m, opened 2005), 4143:Beijing-Jiujiang Railway 4045:Download coordinates as: 3691:Degradation of the river 3637:List of deadliest floods 2916:Spring and Autumn period 1878:Provincial Atlas of the 1222:Traditional Chinese 949:Traditional Chinese 865: • right 10775:Geography of East China 8358:. January 2020 version. 7886:10.1021/acs.est.7b02368 7545:March 18, 2010, at the 7290:, History and the River 6901:April 18, 2012, at the 6875:March 27, 2019, at the 6479:April 24, 2016, at the 6426:April 28, 2016, at the 6401:April 29, 2016, at the 6345:Placenames of the World 6287:April 29, 2016, at the 6196:Bridgman, Elijah (ed.) 6124:Encyclopædia Britannica 6011:April 27, 2016, at the 5907:Encyclopædia Britannica 5821:April 20, 2009, at the 5532:Encyclopædia Britannica 5462:List of rivers in China 5347:, downstream from Shigu 5339:Narrowest point of the 5191:Chinese fire belly newt 5058:is one of the smallest 4738: 4555:water system (Shanghai) 4323: 3772:ocean plastic pollution 3561:on the Yangtze in 1941. 3374:Cruise boats on Yangtze 3308:first of the Opium Wars 3205:capital was located in 3093:, connecting the upper 3029:, the northern part of 2248:romanization of Chinese 2238:. The British diplomat 1754:phono-semantic compound 1208:Simplified Chinese 935:Simplified Chinese 837: • left 32:Yangzi (disambiguation) 10128:Eastern Zhejiang Canal 9119:Grover, David H. 1992 8982:Craspedacusta sowerbyi 8649:July 15, 2014, at the 8511:March 4, 2016, at the 8392:March 4, 2016, at the 8024:China species red list 6453:June 23, 2016, at the 6377:June 17, 2016, at the 6209:June 10, 2016, at the 6199:The Chinese Repository 5897:"Yangtsze-Kiang" 5637:Bloomberg Businessweek 5615:probeinternational.org 5497:Yangtze River Crossing 5418:, the world's largest 5244:Craspedacusta sowerbii 5213: 5127: 5063: 4930: 4756: 4381: 4341: 4333: 4147:second bridge in Wuhan 3837: 3806:was also reconnected. 3706: 3599:adventurer and sailor 3562: 3547:Imperial Japanese Navy 3391: 3383: 3375: 3367: 3354: 3341: 2844: 2807:blackening their teeth 2731: 2377: 2177:rather than the usual 1944:Chongqing Municipality 1883: 1600:on the Yangtze is the 619:31.39361°N 121.98306°E 87: 9248:Major rivers of China 8978:Didžiulis, Viktoras. 8777:: e.T59442A63868627. 8708:: e.T59445A63869216. 8558:on December 21, 2007. 8451:. Ambio, 28: 674–681. 7763:(September 7, 2012). 7451:Ball, Philip (2017). 6503:May 18, 2016, at the 6237:May 12, 2016, at the 6103:E.g., Moll, Herman. " 5934:May 11, 2016, at the 5502:Yangtze Service Medal 5420:hydroelectric project 5203: 5122:The entirely aquatic 5121: 5053: 4947:fishing with dynamite 4916: 4860:critically endangered 4849:Anabarilius polylepis 4833:Anabarilius liui liui 4789:Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 4746: 4379: 4339: 4331: 4057:GPX (all coordinates) 3835: 3704: 3652:flooded again in 1935 3567:USS Asheville (PG-21) 3544: 3511:Butterfield and Swire 3421:Treaty of Shimonoseki 3389: 3381: 3373: 3365: 3347: 3339: 3270:Viceroy of Liangguang 3124:in 208 AD during the 2838: 2809:, cutting their hair 2739:Further information: 2729: 2603:to create the famous 2545:32.60389°N 94.51222°E 2513:33.42889°N 91.18250°E 2360: 2060:The river was called 1946:is also known as the 1848: 1625:Yangtze river dolphin 548:33.28278°N 91.39139°E 493:33.37028°N 91.17472°E 438:35.45528°N 90.93056°E 383:33.39444°N 90.89611°E 316:32.60389°N 94.51222°E 27:Longest river in Asia 9074:"The Yangtse Chiang" 8804:AmphibiaWeb (2008). 8694:Cynops wolterstorffi 8619:AmphibiaWeb (2013). 8587:Ellen Wohl, , p.287. 8313:: e.T18428A8264989. 8090:: e.T231A174775412. 7812:. December 30, 2020. 7704:China's Water Crisis 7410:Modern Asian Studies 7284:Lyman P. Van Slyke, 6675:Wong How Man (2005) 6579:L'Empire de la Chine 6537:May 5, 2016, at the 6354:May 4, 2016, at the 6330:May 4, 2016, at the 6160:May 6, 2016, at the 6133:May 8, 2016, at the 5621:on January 21, 2010. 5436:on the Yangtze near 5276:The glaciers of the 5257:Yangtze River cruise 5088:functionally extinct 4870:Megalobrama elongata 4839:Atrilinea macrolepis 4818:in the 2009 Chinese 4269:cable-stayed bridges 4174:power line crossings 4155:cable-stayed bridges 3659:Yangtze River Floods 3440:Samuel Cornell Plant 3122:Battle of Red Cliffs 2999:vied with each other 2821:by the northerners. 2757:Yangtze civilization 2404:improve this article 2279:has also been used. 2189:Shanghai concessions 2183:. Further, although 2036:region applied this 1938:, the river through 1571:country's population 1182:Baxter–Sagart (2014) 18:Yangtze River valley 10790:Rivers of Chongqing 8937:2013PLoSO...853143F 8886:Integrative Zoology 8807:Cynops orientalis . 8622:Andrias davidianus. 8497:"Chinese Alligator 8495:Xing, J.H. (2010). 8247:2009JApIc..25...95Z 8139:: e.T236A13044272. 8076:Acipenser dabryanus 7963:on January 12, 2012 7924:"The Yangtze Forum" 7878:2017EnST...5112246S 7872:(21): 12246–12253. 7669:. February 18, 2022 7517:. August 12, 2019. 7236:Blue, A.D. (1973). 6959:1995Natur.378..275W 6799:2010JEaSc..21..257W 6741:2010Geo....38..551R 6276:Davenport, Arthur. 6078:Notes on Marco Polo 6000:Philipsen, Philip. 5718:2021FrEaS...9..855Z 5585:National Conditions 5484:Ship lifts in China 5341:Tiger Leaping Gorge 5325:Tiger Leaping Gorge 5231:Chinese mitten crab 5206:Chinese mitten crab 5156:Chinese pond turtle 4855:Schizothorax parvus 4844:extinct in the wild 3705:Barges on the river 3580:Contemporary events 3183:Eastern Jin Dynasty 2940:King Goujian of Yue 2699:sedimentation rates 2541: / 2509: / 2264:postal romanization 2236:Yang-tse Kiang 2034:Yangtze River Delta 1849:The "Great River" ( 1765:with the homophone 1672:World Heritage Site 1649:agricultural runoff 1641:extinct in the wild 1519:traditional Chinese 823:Basin features 624:31.39361; 121.98306 615: / 544: / 489: / 434: / 379: / 312: / 10815:Rivers of Shanghai 10651:Hydroelectric dams 9889:Other major rivers 8854:on March 18, 2020. 8532:on January 4, 2007 8499:Alligator sinensis 8295:Qiwei, W. (2010). 8125:Acipenser sinensis 8121:Qiwei, W. (2010). 8072:Qiwei, W. (2010). 8050:on January 8, 2020 7593:on January 1, 2013 7459:. pp. 40–43. 7217:on January 9, 2009 6700:www.britannica.com 6492:Moncrieff, A.R.H. 6457:. C. Knight, 1836. 6153:, Vol. V, Part I, 5985:on April 25, 2012. 5960:on April 25, 2012. 5872:on January 9, 2019 5278:Tanggula Mountains 5214: 5152:yellow pond turtle 5136:Chinese box turtle 5128: 5064: 5026:northern snakehead 4951:introduced species 4941:), but pollution, 4931: 4828:Chinese paddlefish 4757: 4699:in western Sichuan 4684:in central Sichuan 4382: 4360:. Among them, the 4342: 4334: 4316:Wuhan Metro Line 2 3838: 3786:Reconnecting lakes 3707: 3563: 3392: 3384: 3376: 3368: 3355: 3342: 3232:landscape painting 3193:periods. Only the 2997:while Chu and Han 2893:Chinese characters 2845: 2779:Majiabang cultures 2732: 2695:Shandong peninsula 2550:32.60389; 94.51222 2518:33.42889; 91.18250 2492:Tanggula Mountains 2378: 2260:Yangtze Kiang 1920:simplified version 1884: 1633:Chinese paddlefish 1551:Tanggula Mountains 1511:simplified Chinese 553:33.28278; 91.39139 498:33.37028; 91.17472 443:35.45528; 90.93056 388:33.39444; 90.89611 321:32.60389; 94.51222 286:Tanggula Mountains 10820:Rivers of Sichuan 10810:Rivers of Qinghai 10805:Rivers of Jiangsu 10747: 10746: 10617: 10616: 10285:Central Chongqing 10179:Cities along the 10146: 10145: 9141:Winchester, Simon 8763:Cynops orientalis 8748:978-84-96553-41-5 8606:978-0-691-09984-2 8416:. January 7, 2020 8348:Psephurus gladius 8299:Psephurus gladius 8008:978-953-307-417-7 7936:on April 25, 2012 7733:(July 12, 2005). 7495:"Kløvedal i Kina" 7393:978-1-60910-498-6 7160:978-0-521-30358-3 7135:978-962-201-915-7 7030:978-962-201-725-2 7020:Hutcheon, Robin. 7007:978-0-87169-865-0 6662:978-0-8050-3888-0 6622:Tibetan Geography 6598:Arrowsmith, Aaron 5148:Yunnan box turtle 5113:Père David's deer 5076:Chinese alligator 5056:Chinese alligator 4858:), four that are 4805:Tetraodontiformes 4731:, including many 4299:The cable-stayed 4241:suspension bridge 4128:Sino-Soviet Split 3816:East Lake (Wuhan) 3776:The Ocean Cleanup 3756:Yangtze alligator 3735:Intensive farming 3681:2016 China floods 3404:Chefoo Convention 3337: 3296:Foreign Secretary 3185:, and during the 3168:Battle of Tangdao 3154:clashed with the 3103:Pearl River Delta 2944:eponymous capital 2899:during the later 2791:North China Plain 2480: 2479: 2472: 2454: 2129: 2100:pronunciation of 1896:had come to mean 1811:modern Vietnamese 1781:in Old Chinese). 1645:plastic pollution 1635:, as well as the 1617:Chinese alligator 1606:transport network 1539: 1434: 1433: 1426: 1425: 1366: 1365: 1245:Standard Mandarin 1197: 1196: 1088:Yale Romanization 980:Standard Mandarin 899: 898: 175:Autonomous region 16:(Redirected from 10842: 10830:Rivers of Yunnan 10737: 10736: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10621: 10620: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10150: 10149: 9310:Qingyi (Sichuan) 9246: 9245: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9211: 9210: 9193: 9192: 9175:Plant, Cornell. 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9012: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8995: 8988: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8958: 8948: 8916: 8910: 8909: 8880: 8874: 8867: 8856: 8855: 8850:. 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Archived from 7928: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7863: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7841: 7839: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7802: 7796: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7727: 7718: 7717: 7702:Ma, Jun (2004). 7699: 7693: 7690: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7659: 7653: 7642: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7619:. Archived from 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7589:. Archived from 7587:Chinanews.com.cn 7577: 7571: 7562:. Island Press. 7556: 7550: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7416:(5): 1450–1485. 7401: 7395: 7385: 7379: 7372: 7366: 7359: 7353: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7265: 7242: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7210:. Archived from 7185: 7176: 7165: 7164: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7121: 7115: 7102: 7096: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7066:For example, in 7064: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7039: 7033: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6967:10.1038/378275a0 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6912: 6906: 6892: 6886: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6849: 6834: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6765: 6749:10.1130/G30527.1 6726: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6692: 6686: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6642: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6595: 6589: 6575: 6569: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6517: 6508: 6490: 6484: 6467: 6458: 6440: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6388: 6382: 6365: 6359: 6341: 6335: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6274: 6268: 6258: 6257: 6248: 6242: 6226:Konstam, Angus. 6224: 6218: 6194: 6185: 6171: 6165: 6147: 6138: 6121: 6115: 6101: 6092: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6022: 6016: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5981:. Archived from 5974: 5968: 5965: 5961: 5956:. Archived from 5948: 5939: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5899: 5891: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5868:. Archived from 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5842:on July 14, 2014 5832: 5826: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5664: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5643:on July 23, 2010 5629: 5623: 5622: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5587:. China.org.cn. 5577: 5571: 5570: 5541: 5535: 5524: 5430: 5412:Three Gorges Dam 5408: 5396: 5384: 5372: 5356: 5336: 5321: 5305: 5289: 5273: 5187:Yunnan lake newt 5144:Pan's box turtle 4994:Three Gorges Dam 4962: 4961: 4957: 4939:land reclamation 4892:Chinese sturgeon 4888:Yangtze sturgeon 4842:), two that are 4753:Chinese sturgeon 4729:species richness 4693: 4678: 4655: 4640: 4606: 4591: 4576: 4563:flowed into the 4346:Three Gorges Dam 4312: 4296: 4285:Caiyuanba Bridge 4280: 4252: 4232: 4216: 4200: 4185: 4116:road-rail bridge 3575:Yangtze Incident 3507:Jardine Matheson 3470:and renamed HMS 3338: 3218: 3148:Battle of Caishi 3110:History of China 3060: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3049: 3045: 2787:Longshan peoples 2783:Liangzhu culture 2711: 2708: 2685:Geologic history 2563:Yushu Prefecture 2556: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2490:Mountain in the 2475: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2412: 2388: 2380: 2347: 2338: 2322: 2306: 2242:emended this to 2228:Aaron Arrowsmith 2182: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2125: 2123: 2122: 2105: 2104: 2092:, all recording 2079: 2078: 2069: 2068: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1955: 1951: 1926: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1895: 1876:map in the 1754 1871: 1870: 1856: 1855: 1799:Proto-Vietnamese 1776: 1771:(now pronounced 1770: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1747: 1746: 1706:Mandarin Chinese 1699: 1695: 1691: 1637:Yangtze sturgeon 1598:Three Gorges Dam 1586:economy of China 1540: 1537: 1533: 1524: 1516: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1447: 1422: 1421: 1408: 1407: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1362: 1361: 1341: 1340: 1322: 1321: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1284: 1283: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1216: 1215: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1169: 1168: 1148: 1147: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1110: 1109: 1096: 1095: 1075: 1074: 1056: 1055: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1009: 1008: 995: 994: 971: 970: 957: 956: 943: 942: 919:"Yangtze River ( 917: 901: 900: 866: 838: 811: 802:Three Gorges Dam 794: 768: 751: 725: 711: 685: 675: 665: 630: 629: 627: 626: 625: 620: 616: 613: 612: 611: 608: 559: 558: 556: 555: 554: 549: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 527: 504: 503: 501: 500: 499: 494: 490: 487: 486: 485: 482: 472: 449: 448: 446: 445: 444: 439: 435: 432: 431: 430: 427: 417: 394: 393: 391: 390: 389: 384: 380: 377: 376: 375: 372: 362: 334: 327: 326: 324: 323: 322: 317: 313: 310: 309: 308: 305: 295: 282: 98: 90: 75: 59: 50: 43: 42: 21: 10850: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10825:Rivers of Tibet 10800:Rivers of Hubei 10795:Rivers of China 10785:Rivers of Anhui 10750: 10749: 10748: 10743: 10725: 10657: 10648: 10618: 10613: 10600: 10577: 10469: 10431: 10408: 10385: 10300: 10265: 10230: 10200: 10183: 10177: 10147: 10142: 10099: 10063:Han (Guangdong) 10043:Jiao (Zhejiang) 10018:Jiao (Shandong) 9983:Yarlung Tsangpo 9978:Elephant Spring 9884: 9840: 9766: 9722: 9663: 9579: 9484: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9190: 9186: 9069: 9067:Further reading 9064: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9014: 9013: 9009: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8986: 8976: 8972: 8917: 8913: 8881: 8877: 8868: 8859: 8828: 8821: 8814:Wayback Machine 8803: 8799: 8789: 8787: 8757: 8753: 8737: 8730: 8720: 8718: 8688: 8684: 8677:Wayback Machine 8666: 8662: 8651:Wayback Machine 8640: 8636: 8629:Wayback Machine 8618: 8611: 8595: 8591: 8586: 8582: 8576:Wayback Machine 8567: 8563: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8513:Wayback Machine 8494: 8490: 8474: 8473: 8463: 8462: 8455: 8446: 8442: 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8394:Wayback Machine 8383: 8376: 8367: 8363: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8293: 8286: 8279:Wayback Machine 8268: 8264: 8227: 8223: 8213: 8211: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8165: 8161: 8151: 8149: 8119: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8070: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8038: 8037: 8030: 8021: 8014: 7997: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7861: 7855: 7851: 7837: 7835: 7821: 7817: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7728: 7721: 7714: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7643: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7583: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7557: 7553: 7547:Wayback Machine 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7514:TheGuardian.com 7507: 7506: 7502: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7481:"Kurs mod Kina" 7479: 7478: 7474: 7467: 7449: 7445: 7402: 7398: 7386: 7382: 7373: 7369: 7360: 7356: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7312: 7308: 7300: 7296: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7240: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7183: 7177: 7168: 7161: 7147: 7143: 7136: 7122: 7118: 7112:Wayback Machine 7103: 7099: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7055: 7051: 7040: 7036: 7019: 7015: 7008: 6994: 6990: 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6903:Wayback Machine 6894:Clift, Peter. " 6893: 6889: 6877:Wayback Machine 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6832: 6826: 6822: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6724: 6718: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6684:Wayback Machine 6674: 6670: 6663: 6643: 6636: 6620:Yang & al. 6619: 6615: 6609:Wayback Machine 6596: 6592: 6586:Wayback Machine 6576: 6572: 6566:Wayback Machine 6552: 6548: 6542: 6539:Wayback Machine 6518: 6511: 6505:Wayback Machine 6491: 6487: 6481:Wayback Machine 6468: 6461: 6455:Wayback Machine 6441: 6434: 6428:Wayback Machine 6414:Liber, Nadine. 6413: 6409: 6403:Wayback Machine 6389: 6385: 6379:Wayback Machine 6370:, Vol. XXXVII, 6366: 6362: 6356:Wayback Machine 6342: 6338: 6332:Wayback Machine 6319:Aloian, Molly. 6318: 6314: 6299: 6295: 6289:Wayback Machine 6275: 6271: 6249: 6245: 6239:Wayback Machine 6225: 6221: 6211:Wayback Machine 6195: 6188: 6182:Wayback Machine 6172: 6168: 6162:Wayback Machine 6148: 6141: 6135:Wayback Machine 6122: 6118: 6112:Wayback Machine 6102: 6095: 6089:Wayback Machine 6076:Pelliot, Paul. 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6044: 6040: 6029: 6023: 6019: 6013:Wayback Machine 5999: 5995: 5988: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5963: 5952: 5949: 5942: 5936:Wayback Machine 5919: 5915: 5892: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5823:Wayback Machine 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5773:Wayback Machine 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5742:"Yangtze River" 5740: 5739: 5735: 5698: 5694: 5665: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5542: 5538: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5452: 5445: 5431: 5422: 5409: 5400: 5397: 5388: 5385: 5376: 5373: 5364: 5357: 5348: 5337: 5328: 5322: 5313: 5306: 5297: 5290: 5281: 5274: 5265: 5253: 5218:freshwater crab 5048: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4949:or poison) and 4741: 4725: 4707: 4705:Protected areas 4700: 4694: 4685: 4679: 4670: 4656: 4647: 4641: 4632: 4607: 4598: 4592: 4583: 4577: 4374: 4326: 4319: 4313: 4304: 4297: 4288: 4281: 4272: 4253: 4244: 4233: 4224: 4217: 4208: 4201: 4192: 4186: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4032: 4024:Main articles: 4022: 4017: 3830: 3824: 3788: 3780:ocean pollution 3768: 3741:who thrived in 3715:Schistosomiasis 3699: 3693: 3639: 3633: 3631:Periodic floods 3628: 3609:maritime pilots 3601:Troels Kløvedal 3582: 3577: 3550:armored cruiser 3539: 3468:Boxer Rebellion 3366:Yangtze in 1915 3360: 3329: 3316:Imperial Palace 3300:William Jardine 3292:Lord Palmerston 3289: 3246: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3224: 3219: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3042: 2977:to expand into 2922:and one of the 2795:Chinese culture 2763: 2737: 2709: 2687: 2682: 2576:(Szechwan) and 2549: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2484:Tibetan Plateau 2476: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2413: 2411: 2401: 2389: 2355: 2320: 2285: 2252:Beijing dialect 2250:, based on the 2244:Yang-tzu Chiang 2058: 1912:). The epithet 1685: 1680: 1663:is part of the 1657:nature reserves 1483: 1479: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1382: 1282:Yang-tzu Chiang 1262: 1259: 1258: 1027: 1026: 962:Literal meaning 924: 864: 836: 809: 792: 766: 749: 723: 709: 683: 673: 663: 623: 621: 617: 614: 609: 606: 604: 602: 601: 598: 582: 552: 550: 546: 543: 538: 535: 533: 531: 530: 525: 497: 495: 491: 488: 483: 480: 478: 476: 475: 470: 442: 440: 436: 433: 428: 425: 423: 421: 420: 415: 387: 385: 381: 378: 373: 370: 368: 366: 365: 360: 332: 320: 318: 314: 311: 306: 303: 301: 299: 298: 293: 280: 92: 78: 66: 48: 47: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10848: 10838: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10647: 10646: 10639: 10632: 10624: 10615: 10614: 10605: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10598: 10593: 10587: 10585: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10441: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10429: 10424: 10418: 10416: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10406: 10401: 10395: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10310: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10281: 10275: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10246: 10240: 10238: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10228: 10223: 10216: 10210: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10195: 10193: 10190:Province-level 10185: 10184: 10176: 10175: 10168: 10161: 10153: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10109: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 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9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9261: 9259: 9252: 9251: 9237: 9236: 9229: 9222: 9214: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9185: 9184:External links 9182: 9181: 9180: 9173: 9138: 9124: 9117: 9102: 9087: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9032: 9007: 8970: 8911: 8875: 8857: 8842:(1): 456–465. 8819: 8797: 8751: 8728: 8682: 8670:Yangtze River. 8660: 8634: 8609: 8589: 8580: 8561: 8543: 8517: 8488: 8453: 8440: 8427: 8399: 8374: 8361: 8342:Froese, Rainer 8333: 8284: 8262: 8221: 8190: 8159: 8110: 8061: 8028: 8012: 7974: 7947: 7914: 7849: 7828:Deutsche Welle 7815: 7797: 7788: 7752: 7719: 7713:978-1891936272 7712: 7694: 7680: 7654: 7634: 7623:on May 2, 2015 7604: 7572: 7551: 7532: 7500: 7486: 7472: 7465: 7443: 7396: 7380: 7367: 7354: 7341: 7306: 7304:., p. 170-172. 7294: 7277: 7228: 7200:10.1086/241899 7194:(2): 231–263. 7166: 7159: 7141: 7134: 7116: 7097: 7088: 7078: 7059: 7049: 7034: 7013: 7006: 6988: 6937: 6907: 6887: 6861: 6828:Jietao, Wang. 6820: 6793:(3): 257–271. 6777: 6735:(6): 551–554. 6712: 6687: 6668: 6661: 6634: 6613: 6590: 6570: 6546: 6509: 6485: 6459: 6432: 6407: 6390:Wilkes, John. 6383: 6360: 6343:Room, Adrian. 6336: 6312: 6293: 6269: 6243: 6219: 6186: 6166: 6139: 6116: 6093: 6069: 6038: 6017: 5993: 5989:(1.93 MB) 5969: 5964:(1.93 MB) 5940: 5913: 5902:Chisholm, Hugh 5883: 5853: 5827: 5808: 5782: 5758: 5733: 5692: 5654: 5624: 5602: 5572: 5553:(5): 579–589. 5536: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5474: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5432: 5425: 5423: 5410: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5367: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5349: 5338: 5331: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5298: 5291: 5284: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5252: 5249: 5169:More than 160 5105:Eurasian otter 5047: 5044: 5040:predatory carp 4900:ichthyologists 4773:East China Sea 4740: 4737: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4686: 4680: 4673: 4671: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4635: 4633: 4608: 4601: 4599: 4593: 4586: 4584: 4578: 4571: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4545:water system ( 4540: 4530: 4523:Shuiyang River 4520: 4510: 4500: 4490: 4480: 4470: 4460: 4450: 4440: 4430: 4420: 4410: 4400: 4373: 4370: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4314: 4307: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4273: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4234: 4227: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4193: 4187: 4180: 4163:Runyang Bridge 4070: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3820: 3787: 3784: 3767: 3764: 3692: 3689: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3581: 3578: 3571:Yangtze Patrol 3538: 3535: 3501:He also wrote 3359: 3356: 3290:Subsequently, 3242:Main article: 3239: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3126:Three Kingdoms 3014:Warring States 2981:, Jiangxi and 2924:Warring States 2841:Warring States 2767:southern China 2736: 2733: 2717:Gulf of Tonkin 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2655:East China Sea 2478: 2477: 2392: 2390: 2383: 2354: 2351: 2329:transliterated 2289:ethnic Tibetan 2284: 2281: 2272:First Congress 2169:Fils de la Mer 2098:Middle Chinese 2057: 2054: 1859:East China Sea 1722:Tongtian River 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1563:drainage basin 1555:East China Sea 1432: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1394:Transcriptions 1387: 1386: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1347:Yue: Cantonese 1343: 1342: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1239:Transcriptions 1232: 1231: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1163: 1161:Middle Chinese 1157: 1156: 1154:Middle Chinese 1150: 1149: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1081:Yue: Cantonese 1077: 1076: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1003: 997: 996: 989: 983: 982: 976: 975: 974:Transcriptions 967: 966: 963: 959: 958: 951: 945: 944: 937: 931: 930: 926: 925: 918: 910: 909: 906: 905: 897: 896: 893: 892: 867: 861: 860: 839: 833: 832: 829: 825: 824: 820: 819: 816: 815: 812: 806: 805: 795: 789: 788: 785: 781: 780: 777: 776: 773: 772: 769: 763: 762: 752: 746: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 733: 730: 729: 726: 720: 719: 712: 706: 705: 702: 698: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 680: 679: 676: 670: 669: 666: 660: 659: 656: 652: 651: 648: 647: 644: 640: 639: 636: 632: 631: 599: 596: 593: 592: 583: 580: 577: 576: 574:East China Sea 571: 565: 564: 561: 560: 528: 522: 521: 518: 514: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505: 473: 467: 466: 465:Muluwusu River 463: 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 418: 412: 411: 410:Chuma'er River 408: 404: 403: 400: 399: 396: 395: 363: 357: 356: 351: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 296: 290: 289: 283: 277: 276: 266: 262: 261: 258: 257: 253: 252: 187: 183: 182: 177: 171: 170: 161: 159:Municipalities 155: 154: 121: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 100: 99: 84: 80: 79: 76: 68: 67: 60: 52: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10847: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10760:Yangtze River 10758: 10757: 10755: 10740: 10732: 10731: 10728: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10645: 10640: 10638: 10633: 10631: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10612: 10608: 10603: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10580: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 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6734: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6672: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6641: 6639: 6631: 6630:7-5085-0665-0 6627: 6623: 6617: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6574: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6520:Ricci, Matteo 6516: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6445: 6442:Davis, John. 6439: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6309: 6297: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6193: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6170: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6149:Bell, James. 6146: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6090: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6042: 6034: 6033:yznews.com.cn 6030: 6021: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5955: 5947: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5917: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5890: 5888: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5812: 5796: 5792: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5767: 5762: 5747: 5743: 5737: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5687: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5581:"Main Rivers" 5576: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5527:Yangtze River 5523: 5519: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5434:Golden Island 5429: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5197:by the IUCN. 5196: 5195:least concern 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5046:Other animals 5043: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5030:Chinese perch 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4972:designed for 4971: 4967: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4904:hydroacoustic 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4793:Cypriniformes 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4698: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4659:Jialing River 4654: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4610:Lake Dongting 4605: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4487:Dongting Lake 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477:Dongting Lake 4474: 4471: 4468: 4467:Dongting Lake 4464: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4433:Jialing River 4431: 4428: 4424: 4423:Chishui River 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4338: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4167:Sutong Bridge 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4114:, a dual-use 4113: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4040:OpenStreetMap 4038: 4031: 4027: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3834: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3748:baiji dolphin 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731:Dongting Lake 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3698: 3688: 3684: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3674:Yangtze River 3670: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3655: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419:In 1895, the 3417: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3388: 3380: 3372: 3364: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3258:Lintin Island 3255: 3251: 3245: 3244:China Station 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3173:Politically, 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144:Jin–Song wars 3141: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3118:Southern Song 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2991:Nanyue Empire 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920:Five Hegemons 2917: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2905:state of Jing 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2842: 2839:A map of the 2837: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2735:Early history 2728: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2657:at Shanghai. 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620:Dongting Lake 2616: 2614: 2613:Yangtze Plain 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2522: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2474: 2471: 2463: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2421: – 2420: 2416: 2415:Find sources: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2393:This article 2391: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:salt monopoly 2203:'s important 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2170: 2166: 2165:Latin account 2162: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2128: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2020: 2015: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1958:Sichuan River 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1929:Six Dynasties 1921: 1910: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793:. Similar to 1792: 1788: 1787:Austroasiatic 1784: 1780: 1775: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1690: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:Yangtze Delta 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1547:third-longest 1544: 1534: 1528: 1520: 1512: 1507: 1475: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1360:Joeng-zi Gong 1357: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1320:Yang Tse Kaon 1317: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1202:Yangtze River 1200: 1190:Cə--traŋkˤroŋ 1185: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1007:Ch'ang Chiang 1004: 1002: 998: 990: 988: 984: 981: 977: 972: 968: 964: 960: 952: 950: 946: 938: 936: 932: 927: 922: 916: 911: 907: 902: 894: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 868: 862: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 840: 834: 830: 826: 821: 817: 813: 807: 803: 799: 796: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 764: 760: 756: 753: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 721: 717: 713: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 681: 677: 671: 667: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 600: 594: 591: 587: 584: 578: 575: 572: 570: 566: 562: 557: 529: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 474: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 419: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 392: 364: 358: 355: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 330: 325: 297: 291: 287: 284: 278: 274: 270: 267: 263: 259: 254: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 176: 172: 169: 165: 162: 160: 156: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 101: 96: 89: 85: 81: 74: 69: 64: 58: 53: 46:Yangtze River 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10716:Three Gorges 10654: 10543:Zhangjiagang 10344: 10284: 10249: 10219: 10196: 10188: 10180: 10105:Major canals 10058:Jin (Fujian) 9880:Eastern Liao 9875:Western Liao 9669:Heilongjiang 9649:Li (Guangxi) 9478:Suzhou Creek 9448:Fu (Jiangxi) 9337:Fu (Sichuan) 9255: 9176: 9144: 9127: 9120: 9105: 9090: 9077: 9052:. Retrieved 9042: 9035: 9023:. Retrieved 9019: 9010: 8998:. Retrieved 8981: 8973: 8928: 8924: 8914: 8892:(1): 45–55. 8889: 8885: 8878: 8870: 8852:the original 8839: 8835: 8805: 8800: 8790:November 12, 8788:. Retrieved 8774: 8768: 8762: 8754: 8739: 8721:November 12, 8719:. Retrieved 8705: 8699: 8693: 8685: 8668: 8667:WWF Global: 8663: 8642: 8637: 8620: 8597: 8592: 8583: 8564: 8556:the original 8546: 8536:December 13, 8534:. Retrieved 8530:the original 8520: 8504: 8498: 8491: 8468: 8448: 8443: 8435: 8430: 8418:. Retrieved 8411: 8402: 8385: 8369: 8364: 8353: 8347: 8336: 8326:November 12, 8324:. Retrieved 8310: 8304: 8298: 8270: 8265: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8212:. Retrieved 8203: 8193: 8181:. Retrieved 8172: 8162: 8152:November 12, 8150:. Retrieved 8136: 8130: 8124: 8103:November 12, 8101:. Retrieved 8087: 8081: 8075: 8052:. Retrieved 8048:the original 8043: 8023: 7999: 7965:. Retrieved 7961:the original 7950: 7938:. Retrieved 7931:the original 7917: 7869: 7865: 7852: 7843: 7836:. 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Retrieved 6699: 6690: 6671: 6647: 6621: 6616: 6593: 6573: 6557:, Vol. XII, 6554: 6549: 6527: 6523: 6493: 6488: 6472:, Vol. XIV, 6469: 6443: 6415: 6410: 6391: 6386: 6367: 6363: 6344: 6339: 6320: 6315: 6307: 6296: 6277: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6246: 6227: 6222: 6214: 6197: 6173:Tanner, B. " 6169: 6150: 6123: 6119: 6077: 6072: 6060:. Retrieved 6055: 6051: 6041: 6032: 6020: 6001: 5996: 5983:the original 5972: 5958:the original 5951: 5924: 5916: 5905: 5874:. Retrieved 5870:the original 5865: 5856: 5844:. Retrieved 5840:the original 5830: 5811: 5799:. Retrieved 5785: 5779:(in Chinese) 5761: 5749:. Retrieved 5745: 5736: 5709: 5705: 5695: 5676: 5672: 5645:. Retrieved 5641:the original 5636: 5627: 5619:the original 5614: 5605: 5593:. Retrieved 5584: 5575: 5550: 5546: 5539: 5530: 5522: 5476: 5294:Tuotuo River 5254: 5242: 5240: 5224: 5215: 5168: 5129: 5102: 5096: 5092: 5065: 5060:crocodilians 5033: 5022:bighead carp 5002:fish farming 4999: 4990:Japanese eel 4978:Gezhouba Dam 4970:fish ladders 4932: 4908:radio tagged 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4853: 4847: 4837: 4831: 4813: 4809:Osmeriformes 4797:Siluriformes 4781:Yellow River 4758: 4726: 4697:Yalong River 4669:Municipality 4558: 4533:Qingyi River 4473:Lishui River 4449:, Chongqing) 4393:Yalong River 4383: 4362:Baihetan Dam 4358:Jinsha River 4350:Gezhouba Dam 4343: 4172:A number of 4171: 4136: 4109: 4105:Nanjing West 4089: 4082: 4076: 4044: 4043: 4036: 3808: 3792:Zhangdu Lake 3789: 3769: 3760: 3723:Zhangdu Lake 3719:Baidang Lake 3713:that caused 3711:blood flukes 3708: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3644: 3640: 3617: 3605:sailing ship 3594: 3583: 3552: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3515:Standard Oil 3502: 3500: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3462:was sold to 3459: 3455: 3451: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3401: 3397:three gorges 3393: 3350: 3324: 3303: 3281: 3273: 3249: 3247: 3238:Age of steam 3230:Ming dynasty 3225: 3172: 3152:Wanyan Liang 3133:Song dynasty 3130: 3107: 3091:Lingqu Canal 3063: 3018:Yellow River 3003: 2972: 2913: 2867:in northern 2862: 2857:in southern 2852: 2851:tribes, the 2846: 2823: 2801:basin; the " 2799:Yellow River 2771:Three Gorges 2764: 2753:state of Chu 2749:state of Yue 2703:late Miocene 2691:Yellow River 2688: 2671: 2663:Hukou County 2659: 2640: 2617: 2605:Three Gorges 2593:Mount Wushan 2586: 2567: 2559:Zadoi County 2481: 2466: 2457: 2447: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2414: 2402:Please help 2397:verification 2394: 2363:Yellow River 2344: 2316: 2312: 2296: 2286: 2276: 2268:Hanyu Pinyin 2259: 2255: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2213:Yellow River 2199:, directing 2197:Qing dynasty 2168: 2161:Matteo Ricci 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2143:Yellow River 2138: 2136: 2131: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2089: 2085: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2001:Yángzǐ Jiāng 1933: 1897: 1885: 1877: 1839: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1816:(river) and 1813: 1802: 1794: 1782: 1778: 1740: 1734: 1730:Dangqu River 1726:Tuotuo River 1718:Jinsha River 1701: 1686: 1628: 1610: 1575: 1557:. It is the 1530: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1371:Tibetan name 1314:Romanization 1263:Yángzǐ Jiāng 1252:Hanyu Pinyin 1133:Southern Min 1094:Chèuhng Gōng 1048:Romanization 987:Hanyu Pinyin 965:"Long River" 929:Chinese name 920: 63:Three Gorges 40: 10113:Grand Canal 9973:Lion Spring 9683:2nd Songhua 9558:Luo (Henan) 8836:Aquaculture 8578:. BBC News. 7967:October 25, 7940:October 25, 7922:WWF China. 7781:October 28, 7745:October 25, 7731:China Daily 7525:January 21, 7497:. DR. 2004. 7455:. Chicago: 7326:: 106–110. 7041:Zhang Chi ( 6920:trussel.com 6532:pp. 365 ff. 6530:, Libri V, 6394:, Vol. XI, 6213:. "Review. 6126:, 3rd ed. " 6058:(2019): 269 5921:Yule, Henry 5801:November 3, 5226:Sinopotamon 5018:silver carp 4986:extirpation 4935:overfishing 4927:aquaculture 4919:silver carp 4884:longibarbus 4801:Perciformes 4777:Pearl River 4661:in eastern 4493:Xiang River 4386:tributaries 4372:Tributaries 4366:Xiluodu Dam 4084:Zhong'anlun 3800:Tian'e-Zhou 3796:Honghu Lake 3727:Poyang Lake 3448:Karun River 3304:Royal Saxon 3142:during the 3095:Xiang River 3067:Grand Canal 3041:) provided 3006:Han dynasty 2975:Xiang River 2950:kingdom in 2745:state of Wu 2667:Lake Poyang 2643:Lake Poyang 2548: / 2516: / 2488:Geladandong 2460:August 2024 2240:Thomas Wade 2209:Grand Canal 2155:Yangzijiang 1949:Chuān Jiāng 1888:Han dynasty 1880:Qing Empire 1741:Jiang/Kiang 1737:Old Chinese 1716:, Sichuan. 1689:Cháng Jiāng 1639:, which is 1594:China's GDP 1532:Cháng Jiāng 1175:Old Chinese 1167:ɖjang kæwng 993:Cháng Jiāng 921:Cháng jiāng 904:Chang Jiang 828:Tributaries 622: / 610:121°58′59″E 551: / 496: / 441: / 386: / 319: / 88:Cháng Jiāng 83:Native name 10754:Categories 10711:Xiangjiaba 10691:Guanyinyan 10681:Longkaikou 9411:Qi (Hunan) 8469:nature.org 8420:January 7, 8214:January 9, 8183:January 9, 8054:January 8, 7838:August 22, 6653:Henry Holt 6543:(in Latin) 6522:& al. 6496:, Vol. I, 6448:pp. 132 ff 6446:, Vol. 1, 6202:, Vol. I, 6080:, Vol. 2, 5927:, Vol. 1, 5876:January 9, 5746:Britannica 5514:References 5471:Huai River 5183:Pudu River 5109:water deer 5014:black carp 5010:grass carp 5006:Asian carp 4966:migrations 4923:Asian carp 4882:Leiocassis 4816:threatened 4713:in Qinghai 4646:in Guizhou 4628:Rivers in 4582:in Jiangxi 4565:Yellow Sea 4561:Huai River 4519:, Jiangxi) 4463:Yuan River 4453:Qing River 4429:, Sichuan) 4419:, Sichuan) 4409:, Sichuan) 4399:, Sichuan) 4259:, between 4151:suspension 3826:See also: 3695:See also: 3635:See also: 3586:Mao Zedong 3565:See also: 3559:riverboats 3537:Navy ships 3464:Royal Navy 3312:Royal Navy 3179:Wu kingdom 3156:Song fleet 3116:, and the 3010:Dujiangyan 3004:Since the 2928:Four Lords 2879:in Wu and 2830:Bronze Age 2595:bordering 2536:94°30′44″E 2533:32°36′14″N 2504:91°10′57″E 2501:33°25′44″N 2430:newspapers 2375:1494 flood 2201:Liangjiang 2139:Blue River 2082:Marco Polo 2038:local name 1967:Jīng Jiāng 1702:Long River 1596:, and the 1446:English: 1339:jɒŋtsɯkiɒŋ 1276:Wade–Giles 1146:Tiông Kang 1108:Coeng Gong 1001:Wade–Giles 643:Basin size 607:31°23′37″N 539:91°23′29″E 536:33°16′58″N 517:5th source 484:91°10′29″E 481:33°22′13″N 462:4th source 429:90°55′50″E 426:35°27′19″N 407:3rd source 374:90°53′46″E 371:33°23′40″N 354:Ulan Moron 350:2nd source 307:94°30′44″E 304:32°36′14″N 10676:Jinanqiao 10533:Jingjiang 10528:Changzhou 10513:Yangzhong 10498:Zhenjiang 10465:Ma'anshan 10376:Huanggang 10345:see below 10271:Chongqing 10250:see above 10244:Panzhihua 10226:Dongchuan 10220:see below 10218:(Sichuan 9993:Subansiri 9953:Longjiang 9865:Xar Moron 9519:Huangshui 8654:IUCN/SSC 8241:: 95–99. 7894:0013-936X 7627:August 1, 7597:August 1, 7570:. p. 252. 7438:182934017 7430:0026-749X 7334:April 13, 7286:Yangtze, 7257:1991-7295 7251:: 45–57. 7208:144141748 7068:Sima Qian 6975:0028-0836 6930:March 26, 6815:129316271 6757:129790601 6282:pp. 10 ff 6265:Kök Mörön 6256:Xөх Мөрөн 6251:Mongolian 6204:pp. 37 ff 5866:Earth.com 5567:122626377 5438:Zhenjiang 5327:in Yunnan 5179:Dian Lake 5171:amphibian 4945:(such as 4682:Min River 4667:Chongqing 4595:Han River 4580:Gan River 4543:Chao Lake 4513:Gan River 4503:Han River 4437:Chongqing 4413:Tuo River 4403:Min River 4397:Panzhihua 4020:Crossings 4003:Changzhou 3993:Zhenjiang 3978:Ma'anshan 3938:Huanggang 3868:Chongqing 3848:Panzhihua 3743:eutrophic 3626:Hydrology 3620:Ash Dykes 3595:In 2002, 3480:Suixing's 3446:'s Upper 3286:Singapore 3274:Jardine's 3146:. 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