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were used to protect the wares during firing. The pieces were fired at a temperature high enough to approach that required for the production of porcelain, although Xing wares are often not quite vitrified enough to produce the glassy or translucent appearance of true porcelain. Such Xing ware may be
215:
to hide any imperfection or coarseness. The coarser type of Xing ware, however, may have a layer of white slip. The body is usually covered with a thin colourless glaze, but often the glazes of Xing ware have a bluish tinge. The glaze contained magnesium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide, which reduce
155:
of
Southern China, and compared the colours of Xing ware to those of snow and silver. The white ware became associated with the north while the green ware was associated with the south. Tang writer Li Zhao (李肇) wrote that the Xing ware of Neiqiu was used by the rich and the poor alike, suggesting
175:
appeared to have started by imitating Xing ware during the Tang dynasty. It may be difficult to distinguish white Ding ware from Xing ware, although Xing ware may have a colder bluer tone through its transparent glaze. Ding ware began to eclipse Xing ware during the
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glaze dripping and cracking and giving it a whiter and smoother appearance. Xing ware is primarily white, although some early pieces with green glaze, and other later pieces with yellow or black glazes as well as
122:
period. The early wares were coarser but improvements were made and the finest of these wares were made during the Tang dynasty. Xing ware was used at the Tang court; sherds of white ceramics bearing the
232:
by
Western definition, but some pieces are true porcelain. This distinction between stoneware and porcelain, however, is not made in China and it is therefore considered porcelain in Chinese terms.
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that there were both fine and coarse types of Xing ware. Xing ware was exported to the outside world during the Tang dynasty. Pieces of Xing ware have been found in the
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although
Lincheng was not part of Xingzhou during the Tang dynasty. Some Xing wares were fired at a high enough temperature to be considered
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Western definition, therefore Xing ware may be considered the world's first true porcelain. Xing ware was produced from the
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The locations that produced Xing ware were not identified until 1980 and 1981 when kiln sites were excavated at Ciqun in
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The white body of Xing ware may be thinly potted, and fine enough to not require the application of a
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74:. Xing ware typically has a white body covered with a clear glaze. It was named after
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White ceramics began to be made in the Xing kilns of northern China during the
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Original text: "若邢瓷類銀，越瓷類玉，邢不如越一也；若邢瓷類雪，則越瓷類冰，邢不如越二也；邢瓷白而茶色丹，越瓷青而茶色綠，邢不如越三也。"
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as well as the kiln sites where they were made. A few in
Xingtai have the
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in southern Hebei where it was made; kilns sites have been identified in
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402:(4th Revised ed.). University of California Press. p. 147.
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Chinese
Ceramics: Highlights of the Sir Percival David Collection
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Chinese
Ceramics: Highlights of the Sir Percival David Collection
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160:, and examples of Xing ware were found commonly enough in
141:(官, official) mark. In the Tang dynasty treatise on tea,
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Krahl, Regina (2011). "White Wares of
Northern China".
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The Xing kilns were fired with wood rather than coal.
127:(盈, referring to one of the imperial storehouses) or
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114:Xing ware used in the courts in the 10th century.
70:province in north China, most notably during the
1664:
1013:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
371:Krahl, Regina; Harrison-Hall, Jessica (2009).
301:Krahl, Regina; Harrison-Hall, Jessica (2009).
151:contrasted the white Xing ware with the green
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257:Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures from the Java Sea
446:"The Most Ancient White Porcelain in China"
325:Original text: 《國史補》"内丘白瓷甌，端溪紫石硯，天下無貴賤通用之。"
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171:Ding ware produced in the nearby area of
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375:. The British Museum Press. p. 21.
305:. The British Museum Press. p. 11.
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1442:Bing & Grøndahl
1406:Dihl & Guérhard
1304:Villeroy & Boch
275:"Jar: 10th century"
263:. pp. 201–220.
46:traditional Chinese
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1645:Walters Art Museum
1043:Japanese porcelain
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1170:List of companies
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878:Chinese porcelain
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427:"Xing (邢窑) wares"
399:The Arts of China
340:The Palace Museum
220:have been found.
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1268:Saint Petersburg
1175:French porcelain
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142:
138:
128:
124:
117:
96:Song dynasty
72:Tang dynasty
66:produced in
57:
32:
31:
27:
26:
21:Tang dynasty
1647:(Baltimore)
1641:(Worcester)
1568:Collections
1334:Ludwigsburg
1316:Frankenthal
1292:Nymphenburg
1286:Fürstenberg
1262:Capodimonte
1214:Saint-Cloud
767:Mantou kiln
762:Dragon kiln
450:China Today
228:considered
92:Northern Qi
1667:Categories
1629:(Istanbul)
1503:Bone china
1388:Copenhagen
1382:Loosdrecht
1364:Wallendorf
947:Jingdezhen
701:Decoration
236:References
195:Production
1623:(Beijing)
1599:(Toronto)
1593:(Dresden)
1466:Porsgrund
1460:Rosenthal
1400:Hollóháza
1310:Worcester
1250:Vincennes
1238:Chantilly
1232:Rörstrand
1075:Nabeshima
857:Porcelain
739:Ash glaze
635:Porcelain
230:stoneware
100:Ding ware
88:porcelain
28:Xing ware
23:xing ware
1635:(London)
1605:(Moscow)
1539:Chinamen
1472:Augarten
1352:Wedgwood
1298:Plymouth
1163:General:
1110:General:
1080:Kakiemon
1036:General:
871:General:
336:"邢窑白釉小壶"
173:Dingzhou
168:-type".
153:Yue ware
84:Lincheng
76:Xingzhou
1688:Xingtai
1617:(Paris)
1611:(Paris)
1518:Biscuit
1448:Zsolnay
1424:Doulton
1412:Mintons
1376:Limoges
1274:Mennecy
1256:Chelsea
1220:Meissen
941:Qingbai
917:Celadon
807:Meiping
800:Hunping
652:Qingbai
566:Yaozhou
561:Celadon
469:at the
225:Saggars
189:Xingtai
166:Samarra
106:History
94:to the
59:Xíngyáo
33:Xingyao
1532:People
1474:(1923)
1468:(1885)
1462:(1879)
1456:(1877)
1450:(1853)
1444:(1853)
1438:(1826)
1436:Herend
1432:(1822)
1430:Lichte
1426:(1815)
1420:(1814)
1414:(1793)
1408:(1781)
1402:(1777)
1396:(1775)
1390:(1775)
1384:(1774)
1378:(1771)
1372:(1768)
1366:(1764)
1360:(1763)
1358:Berlin
1354:(1759)
1348:(1760)
1346:Retiro
1342:(1759)
1336:(1758)
1330:(1757)
1324:(1756)
1322:Sèvres
1318:(1755)
1312:(1751)
1306:(1748)
1300:(1748)
1294:(1747)
1288:(1747)
1282:(1747)
1276:(1745)
1270:(1744)
1264:(1743)
1258:(1743)
1252:(1740)
1246:(1735)
1244:Doccia
1240:(1730)
1234:(1726)
1228:(1718)
1226:Vienna
1222:(1710)
1216:(1693)
1210:(1673)
1204:(1575)
1202:Medici
1195:Types:
1155:Europe
1140:Joseon
1134:Goryeo
1127:Types:
1090:Hirado
1085:Kutani
1058:Types:
995:Canton
983:Kangxi
977:Tianqi
971:Swatow
904:Types:
895:(1338)
814:Gaiwan
745:An hua
728:Doucai
709:Sancai
692:Canton
687:Tianqi
682:Swatow
672:export
621:Shiwan
616:Yixing
601:Jizhou
576:Cizhou
406:
379:
309:
218:sancai
207:period
130:Hanlin
56::
54:pinyin
48::
40::
1370:Revol
1340:Weesp
1328:Derby
1208:Rouen
1103:Korea
1070:Imari
1065:Arita
1029:Japan
965:Kraak
864:China
793:Guang
721:Wucai
677:Kraak
662:Dehua
261:(PDF)
149:Lu Yu
68:Hebei
935:Ding
929:Xing
786:Ding
779:Cong
771:The
647:Ding
642:Xing
596:Jian
591:Guan
581:Ding
404:ISBN
377:ISBN
307:ISBN
213:slip
162:Iraq
139:Guan
125:Ying
1280:Bow
923:Yue
606:Jun
556:Yue
30:or
1669::
1578:/
611:Ru
586:Ge
448:.
429:.
418:^
356:.
338:.
277:.
244:^
191:.
147:,
52:;
50:邢窯
44:;
42:邢窑
849:e
842:t
835:v
499:e
492:t
485:v
452:.
433:.
412:.
385:.
360:.
342:.
315:.
281:.
36:(
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