578:
36:
895:
879:
1011:
971:
1904:
973:
Translation (by A. Wylie) of the Ts'ing wan k'e mung, a
Chinese grammar of the Manchu Tartar language (by Woo Kĭh Show-ping, revised and ed. by Ching Ming-yuen Pei-ho) with intr. notes on Manchu literature
881:
Translation (by A. Wylie) of the Ts'ing wan k'e mung, a
Chinese grammar of the Manchu Tartar language (by Woo Kĭh Show-ping, revised and ed. by Ching Ming-yuen Pei-ho) with intr. notes on Manchu literature
424:
to the Indian Ocean, the Bureau dealt with the memorials delivered by foreign ambassadors and trained foreign language specialists. It included departments for many languages such as the
1892:
1898:
1886:
1910:
1013:
Translation of the Ts'ing wan k'e mung, a
Chinese Grammar of the Manchu Tartar Language; with introductory notes on Manchu Literature: (translated by A. Wylie.)
897:
Translation of the Ts'ing wan k'e mung, a
Chinese Grammar of the Manchu Tartar Language; with introductory notes on Manchu Literature: (translated by A. Wylie.)
220:, which aspiring government bureaucrats had to pass to attain higher-level government posts. Painters working for the court were also attached to the academy.
1296:
1554:
B., C. O. (1939). "Corrigenda and
Addenda: A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
2001:
309:
1511:
Edwards, E. D.; Blagden, C. O. (1931). "A Chinese
Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?)".
1971:
772:"Alchemy and Self-Cultivation in Literary Circles of the Northern Song Dynasty – Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037-1101) and His Techniques of Survival –"
619:
Some of the incendiaries were shot down, but the buildings were an inferno and the old trees standing round them blazed like torches.
1916:
1327:
1976:
212:, who performed secretarial and literary tasks for the court. One of its primary duties was to decide on an interpretation of the
327:
1406:
Abhandlung über die
Sprache und Schrift der Uiguren, nebst einem Wörterverzeichnisse und anderen uigurischen Sprachproben (etc.)
1996:
1991:
1673:
1619:
1592:
1495:
1366:
1253:
954:
999:
termed 1407 certain number of students were appointed by imperial authority instructed in knowledge writing language tribes.
589:
1698:
1328:
Association for Asian
Studies. Ming Biographical History Project Committee; Luther Carrington Goodrich (15 October 1976).
1931:
675:
860:
1741:
1339:
1485:
660:
1810:
1728:
The Boxer
Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900
1303:
132:
1986:
389:
118:
1131:
1981:
604:, close to the British Legation as an intimidation tactic. On June 22-23, the fire spread to the academy:
1956:
1846:
1832:
670:
1880:
665:
911:
de
Lacouperie, Terrien (1889). "The Djurtchen of Mandshuria: Their Name, Language, and Literature".
198:
74:
51:
1269:
817:
Wild, Norman (1945). "Materials for the Study of the Ssŭ i Kuan 四 夷 譯 館 (Bureau of Translators)".
504:
vocabulary (Manlajia Guan Yiyu) 滿剌加館譯語 (Words-list of Melaka Kingdom) for the Malay spoken in the
1158:
Ido, Shinji (2018). "Chapter 2: Huihuiguan zazi: A New Persian glossary compiled in Ming China".
994:
205:. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."
1441:
Norman Wild (1945), "Materials for the Study of the Ssŭ i Kuan 四夷(譯)館 (Bureau of Translators)",
1133:
Translation of Empire: Mongol Legacy, Language Policy, and the Early Ming World Order, 1368-1453
608:
The old buildings burned like tinder with a roar which drowned the steady rattle of musketry as
1611:
Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume II: A Century of Wonder. Book 3: The Scholarly Disciplines
1733:
1726:
1663:
1609:
1329:
2011:
2006:
1582:
1425:
1243:
944:
601:
193:
was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century
1954:
1356:
1297:"Thông báo về việc các GS Nhật Bản sang trao đổi khoa học, tham gia đào tạo cao học Hán Nôm"
1947:
1584:
A Sociolinguistic History of Early Identities in Singapore: From Colonialism to Nationalism
1410:
217:
1389:
8:
1635:
Edwards, E. D.; Blagden, C. O. (1939). "A Chinese Vocabulary of Cham Words and Phrases".
623:
477:
457:
1644:
1563:
1536:
1528:
1466:
1458:
1221:
1213:
1183:
Iranian languages and literatures of Central Asia: from the 18th century to the present
1052:
1044:
988:
920:
842:
834:
799:
752:
713:
680:
429:
588:
The Beijing Hanlin Academy and its library were severely damaged in a fire during the
1737:
1669:
1615:
1588:
1540:
1491:
1470:
1362:
1335:
1249:
1225:
1102:
1071:
1056:
950:
846:
791:
744:
643:
565:
set up by the Qing dynasty for translating western languages was subordinated to the
505:
485:
445:
441:
437:
1941:
1520:
1450:
1205:
1163:
1036:
826:
783:
582:
461:
453:
425:
213:
209:
155:
1922:
1404:
1383:
1935:
1781:
1780:
Sparks, Jared; Everett, Edward; Lowell, James Russell; et al., eds. (1874).
1762:
655:
433:
63:
1702:
1072:"漢語歷史音韻研究中的 一些方法問題 [Some Methodological Problems in Chinese Phonetics]"
501:
407:
340:
1524:
1454:
1209:
1167:
1040:
830:
1965:
1850:
1836:
1109:
The Publishing and Writing of Chinese-Japanese Dictionary in the 16th Century
795:
748:
632:
544:
528:
509:
497:
280:
1928:
1443:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1196:
Hecker, Felicia J. (1993). "A Fifteenth-Century Chinese Diplomat in Herat".
819:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
864:
787:
609:
597:
566:
562:
520:
493:
464:
languages, as well as for the languages of the "various barbarian tribes" (
417:
346:
316:
304:
268:
194:
162:
57:
47:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1842:
1828:
1822:
1816:
531:, who "were sensitive to references to barbarians", changed the name from
1905:
wikisource:zh:使琉球錄 (夏子陽)/卷下#.E5.A4.B7.E8.AA.9E.E3.80.90.E9.99.84.E3.80.91
577:
469:
370:
364:
358:
352:
286:
274:
202:
85:
35:
1217:
924:
803:
771:
756:
732:
717:
1185:. Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes. pp. 99–136.
701:
626:, but heaps of volumes had been destroyed, so the attempt was given up.
613:
449:
322:
298:
256:
1648:
1567:
1532:
1462:
1245:
From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi
1048:
946:
From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi
838:
488:, spoken in India). In 1511 and 1579 departments for the languages of
472:
ethnic groups on China's southwestern borders), "Gaochang" (people of
1893:
wikisource:zh:使琉球錄 (陳侃)#.E5.A4.B7.E8.AA.9E.EF.BC.88.E9.99.84.EF.BC.89
540:
376:
292:
1181:
Ido, Shinji (2015). "New Persian vowels transcribed in Ming China".
642:
The academy operated continuously until its closure during the 1911
421:
262:
238:
388:
Subordinated to the Hanlin Academy was the Bureau of Translators (
1764:
Hanlin Papers: Or, Essays on the Intellectual Life of the Chinese
913:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
593:
334:
289:(1447–1516) – Imperial officer, poet, served as 'Grand Historian'
250:
97:
93:
89:
1637:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
1556:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
1513:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
1029:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
547:
513:
473:
397:
361:(1816–1895) – Diplomat (ambassador to the U.S., Spain and Peru)
244:
232:
277:(1254–1322) – Painter, calligrapher, poet (rector, 1314–1320)
1402:
986:
737:
Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
706:
Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
208:
Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of
733:"The Hanlin Academy in the Early Ch'ing Period (1644-1795)"
512:
vocabulary 占城館 was created for the language spoken in the
295:(1593–1644) – Calligrapher, painter, high-ranking official
581:
The Hanlin Academy in 1744, after a renovation under the
1779:
1423:
1381:
1354:
253:(991–1055) – Poet, calligrapher, (prime minister, 1042)
1580:
307:(1650–1741) – Scholar, writer (Editor in Chief of the
1385:
Abhandlungen über die Sprache und Schrift der Uiguren
1321:
355:(1811–1872) – Scholar and later key military official
228:
Some of the more famous academicians of Hanlin were:
167:
1291:
1289:
969:
877:
325:(1724–1805) – Scholar, poet (Editor in Chief of the
1786:. American periodical series, 1800-1850. O. Everett
1427:
Abhandlung über die Sprache und Schrift der Uiguren
1358:
Abhandlung über die Sprache und Schrift der Uiguren
616:fired wildly through the smoke from upper windows.
1725:
1661:
1483:
1334:. Columbia University Press. pp. 1042, 1126.
980:
1286:
1963:
1804:
1237:
1235:
769:
1952:by Wilhem Grube by Wilhem Grube 《女真文和女真語》作者：葛祿博
1655:
1701:. HISTORIK ORDERS, LTD WEBSITE. Archived from
1634:
1614:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 493–.
1607:
1510:
1396:
1241:
942:
1899:wikisource:zh:使琉球錄 (蕭崇業)/附#.E5.A4.B7.E8.AA.9E
1871:– 高昌館來文（高昌）回鶻語 (畏兀兒館（回鶻語）。Old Uyghur language
1723:
1477:
1232:
938:
936:
934:
910:
310:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
137:
123:
1417:
1375:
1348:
1440:
1761:Martin, William Alexander Parsons (1880).
1665:Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia
1581:Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew (7 December 2012).
1487:Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia
931:
34:
1911:wikisource:zh:中山傳信錄/卷六#.E9.A2.A8.E4.BF.97
1865:– 回回館《回回館雜字》（波斯語）天文門和地理門。Persian language
1355:Heinrich Julius Klaproth (January 1985).
1160:Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics
1111:]. 書寫中國翻譯史：第五屆中國譯學新芽研討會 (in Chinese)
1027:Ogura, S. (1926). "A Corean Vocabulary".
702:"The Han Lin Academy and a Chinese Deity"
639:The flames destroyed many ancient texts.
301:(1628–1689) – Historian and mathematician
1601:
1574:
963:
576:
383:
16:Chinese scholarly institution (708–1911)
1331:Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368–1644
987:Alexander Wylie; Henri Cordier (1897).
699:
622:An attempt was made to save the famous
420:in 1407, after the first expedition of
412:
328:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1964:
1825:– 緬甸館譯語 緬甸館來文（緬甸語）通用門。Burmese language
1760:
1195:
1016:. Mission Press. 1855. pp. xxvi–.
319:(1672–1755) – Politician and historian
1859:– 回回館《回回館雜字》（波斯語）天文門。Persian language
1783:The North American Review, Volume 119
1403:Heinrich Julius von Klaproth (1820).
1162:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–52.
1129:
1026:
900:. Mission Press. 1855. pp. xix–.
871:
730:
2002:Ming dynasty Hanlin Academy scholars
1662:Vladimir Braginsky (18 March 2014).
1587:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 79–.
1484:Vladimir Braginsky (18 March 2014).
1198:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1100:
816:
590:Siege of the International Legations
1972:8th-century establishments in China
1242:Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014).
1180:
1157:
1069:
943:Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014).
13:
1754:
1608:Donald F. Lach (15 January 2010).
1553:
770:Baldrian-Hussein, Farzeen (1996).
676:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
631:eyewitness Lancelot Giles, son of
349:(1785–1848) – Scholar and official
223:
56:(June 23, 1900 set on fire by the
14:
2023:
1950:Die Sprache und Schrift der Jučen
1799:
1424:Heinrich Julius Klaproth (1812).
1382:Heinrich Julius Klaproth (1820).
1101:Chiu, Chichu (21 December 2012).
700:Stevens, Keith (13 April 1996).
343:(1738–1815) – Scholar and editor
1977:1911 disestablishments in China
1883:– 《西番譯語》西番館（藏語）Tibetan language
1877:– 譯文備覽 西番館（藏語）。Tibetan language
1717:
1699:"BOXER REBELLION // CHINA 1900"
1691:
1682:
1628:
1547:
1504:
1434:
1262:
1189:
1174:
1151:
1123:
1094:
1063:
1020:
1004:
661:Academies of Classical Learning
216:. This formed the basis of the
1901:– 使琉球錄 夷語 夷字 Ryukyuan language
904:
888:
853:
810:
763:
724:
693:
402:
393:
283:(1350–1402) – Imperial scholar
168:
138:
124:
1:
1997:History of education in China
1805:Foreign language vocabularies
1361:. Buske Verlag. pp. 6–.
686:
27:
1992:Government of Imperial China
1819:– 暹羅館（泰語） 天文門。 Thai language
1668:. Routledge. pp. 398–.
1490:. Routledge. pp. 366–.
572:
500:were added, respectively. A
367:(1830–1904) – Imperial Tutor
7:
1130:Lotze, Johannes S. (2016).
1104:中國翻譯史學會論文投稿： 16世紀日本譯語的出版及傳抄
671:Chinese Academy of Sciences
649:
600:while fighting against the
558:百譯 "hundred translations".
554:百夷 "hundred barbarians" to
10:
2028:
1948:《女直館》（女真語） 《女真譯語》《女真館雜字》在
1845:– 百夷館（雲南傣語）天文門和地理門。Baiyi (
452:" (the "Muslim" language,
1813:– 達達館（蒙古語）Mongol language
1525:10.1017/S0041977X00093204
1455:10.1017/s0041977x00072311
1210:10.1017/S1356186300003692
1168:10.1515/9783110455793-003
1041:10.1017/S0041977X00102538
970:Shou-p'ing Wu Ko (1855).
878:Shou-p'ing Wu Ko (1855).
831:10.1017/S0041977X00072311
666:Chen Cheng (Ming dynasty)
183:
179:
161:
154:
149:
145:
131:
117:
112:
108:
104:
80:
70:
42:
33:
26:
1887:wikisource:zh:華夷譯語/朝鮮館譯語
731:Chung, A. L. Y. (1966).
592:in Peking (now known as
379:(1850–1918) – Politician
265:(1031–1095) – Chancellor
133:Traditional Chinese
62:Shut down following the
1767:. Trübner & Company
1409:. Königl. Dr. pp.
1248:. BRILL. pp. 94–.
949:. BRILL. pp. 98–.
259:(1007–1072) – Historian
119:Simplified Chinese
1942:國朝典故卷之一百二 使琉球錄（明）陳侃 撰
1831:– 百夷館（雲南傣語）天文門。Baiyi (
1724:Diana Preston (1999).
788:10.3406/asie.1996.1109
776:Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie
637:
585:
373:(1868–1940) – Educator
606:
602:Eight-Nation Alliance
580:
413:Szu-i Kuan/Szu-i Kuan
384:Bureau of Translators
337:(1731–1815) – Scholar
271:(1085–1145) – Painter
218:Imperial examinations
1987:Education in Beijing
1917:wikisource:zh:重修使琉球錄
1688:Wild (1945), p. 620.
569:and not the Hanlin.
247:(1037 – 1101) – Poet
1982:Confucian education
1705:on 12 February 2005
867:on 19 October 2013.
543:", and changed the
478:Old Uyghur language
403:Sìyí Guǎn/Sìyì Guǎn
23:
1934:2014-11-29 at the
1811:wikisource:zh:華夷譯語
990:Chinese Researches
720:– via JSTOR.
681:Education in China
586:
416:). Founded by the
21:
1944:Ryukyuan language
1938:Ryukyuan language
1925:Ryukyuan language
1923:使琉球录三种-夷语（附）_国学导航
1919:Ryukyuan language
1913:Ryukyuan language
1907:Ryukyuan language
1895:Ryukyuan language
1675:978-1-136-84879-7
1621:978-0-226-46713-9
1594:978-1-137-01233-3
1497:978-1-136-84879-7
1368:978-3-87118-710-0
1255:978-90-04-28529-3
1070:Mai, Yun (2005).
976:. pp. xxvi–.
956:978-90-04-28529-3
644:Xinhai Revolution
596:) in 1900 by the
535:夷 "barbarian" to
523:revived the Ming
506:Malacca Sultanate
187:
186:
175:
174:
156:Standard Mandarin
64:Xinhai Revolution
2019:
1958:Jurchen language
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1748:
1747:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1659:
1653:
1652:
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1605:
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1578:
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1551:
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1508:
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1501:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1438:
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1431:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1302:. Archived from
1301:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1002:
1001:
984:
978:
977:
967:
961:
960:
940:
929:
928:
908:
902:
901:
892:
886:
885:
884:. pp. xix–.
875:
869:
868:
863:. Archived from
857:
851:
850:
814:
808:
807:
767:
761:
760:
728:
722:
721:
697:
635:
583:Qianlong Emperor
508:was compiled. A
414:
404:
395:
241:(772–846) – Poet
235:(701–762) – Poet
214:Chinese classics
199:Emperor Xuanzong
171:
170:
147:
146:
141:
140:
127:
126:
75:Emperor Xuanzong
52:Emperor Xuanzong
38:
24:
20:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1962:
1961:
1936:Wayback Machine
1889:Korean language
1807:
1802:
1789:
1787:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1755:Further reading
1752:
1751:
1744:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1660:
1656:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1552:
1548:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1439:
1435:
1430:. pp. 41–.
1422:
1418:
1401:
1397:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1309:on 9 March 2016
1306:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1240:
1233:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1025:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1005:
985:
981:
968:
964:
957:
941:
932:
909:
905:
894:
893:
889:
876:
872:
859:
858:
854:
815:
811:
768:
764:
729:
725:
698:
694:
689:
656:Academia Sinica
652:
636:
630:
624:Yung Lo Ta Tien
575:
386:
226:
224:Academy members
100:
61:
55:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
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1703:the original
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269:Zhang Zeduan
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113:Chinese name
58:Gansu Braves
48:Tang dynasty
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1929:0-使琉球录-明-陈侃
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1388:. pp.
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371:Cai Yuanpei
365:Weng Tonghe
359:Chen Lanbin
353:Zeng Guofan
287:Li Dongyang
275:Zhao Mengfu
169:Hànlín Yuàn
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1709:20 October
1313:22 January
861:"ͼ ݹż 䱾 Կ"
687:References
561:The later
468:百夷, i.e.,
458:Vietnamese
408:Wade–Giles
323:Ji Xiaolan
299:Wu Renchen
257:Ouyang Xiu
195:Tang China
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1471:154048910
1226:153758529
1057:145363934
847:154048910
796:0766-1177
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749:0085-5774
573:1900 fire
541:Yi people
527:四夷館, the
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293:Ni Yuanlu
1932:Archived
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1771:24 April
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718:23890208
650:See also
629:—
525:Siyiguan
486:Sanskrit
442:Japanese
438:Ryukyuan
422:Zheng He
263:Shen Kuo
239:Bai Juyi
210:scholars
203:Chang'an
86:Chang'an
81:Location
1863:華夷譯語(六)
1857:華夷譯語(五)
1843:華夷譯語(四)
1829:華夷譯語(三)
1823:華夷譯語(二)
1817:華夷譯語(一)
1734:138–140
1278:25 June
614:Moslems
594:Beijing
529:Manchus
480:), and
476:, i.e.
462:Burmese
454:Persian
446:Tibetan
426:Jurchen
394:四夷館/四译館
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335:Yao Nai
251:Yan Shu
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233:Li Bai
43:Active
1869:高昌館來文
1645:JSTOR
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1537:S2CID
1529:JSTOR
1467:S2CID
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1881:西番譯語
1875:譯文備覽
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1738:ISBN
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1670:ISBN
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1492:ISBN
1363:ISBN
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1280:2023
1250:ISBN
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1117:2020
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951:ISBN
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498:Thai
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460:and
189:The
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1833:Dai
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