993:
976:
962:
948:
934:
920:
906:
892:
752:
526:"An Optical Distribution Network (ODN) being installed today will likely need to support four or more generations of PON over its expected 30 – 40 year life... The fibre should enable maximum flexibility to support any potential new PON technology, be protected with proven, reliable cabling making it easy to install and reliable, and be joined by advanced, low labor and low loss connectivity. The cost of the ODN materials (fibre, cable, and connectivity) at only about 8% comprises a surprisingly small portion of the total network cost."
1021:
1007:
1254:
864:
1237:
675:
661:
703:
1181:
780:
850:
1122:
731:
717:
1209:
808:
647:
1223:
1035:
878:
836:
1195:
1153:
794:
1058:
583:
766:
1167:
1139:
633:
1108:
822:
689:
549:
also successfully completed a field trial of the pre-standard XG-PON2 (synchronous 10G-PON) capable of delivering a 10 Gbit/s broadband connection both downstream and upstream. In
October 2010, at a Verizon customer's business in Taunton, Mass., the XG-PON2 trial used the same optical fibre that
221:
with splitters that connect each central transmitter to many subscribers. The 10 Gbit/s shared capacity is the downstream speed broadcast to all users connected to the same PON, and the 2.5 Gbit/s upstream speed uses multiplexing techniques to prevent data frames from interfering with each
529:
In an effort to extend the reach with support for 128 splits, the standard supports a range of optical budgets from 29 dB to 31 dB. A draft update to the standard is expected to further extend this to 33 dB and 35 dB budget classifications. A PON with a 35 dB optical budget
465:
uplinks, allocates time slots for ONUs and ONTs to transmit upstream data, and transmits shared downstream data in broadcast-mode over the PON to users. Since 10GPON is designed to coexist with GPON devices, migration to a 10GPON capability could be done by upgrading the OLT and then migrating
533:
Some ONTs can receive a broad range of optical spectrum from 1480 nm to 1580 nm, so making the 10G-PON downstream signal visible to G-PON receivers. As a result, ONTs must block the unwanted downstream signals with a wavelength blocking filter (WBF), a small passive optical device.
289:, which has standardised upstream rates of both 1 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s. The 10 gigabit PON wavelengths (1577 nm down / 1270 nm up) differ from GPON and EPON (1490 nm down /1310 nm up), allowing it to coexist on the same fibre with either of the gigabit PONs.
477:
backhaul to the telecommunications provider's network and internet. Uplink cards on access equipment will likely use multiple
Ethernet interfaces, although it remains to be seen what uplink speeds manufacturers will offer to support 10GPON access. Locating OLTs in
514:, duplexed so that both upstream and downstream share the same fibre on separate wavelengths. 10G-PON is no exception with similar reach to previous standards but supporting a higher split ratio of 128 users per PON, or more using reach extenders/amplifiers.
522:
topology are also the same technology as those used by other PON systems. This means any PON network should be upgradable by changing the ONT and OLT terminals at each end, with no change to the fibre itself unless different connectors are chosen.
1907:
559:
OpenFiber (wholesale-only FTTH carrier in Italy) has successfully trialled a 10 Gbit service with coexisting GPON on the same fiber, using XGS-PON technology from ZTE, on March 14, 2019 in collaboration with ISP Fibra.city.
485:
ITU and IEEE are planning for convergence of their specifications at the physical layer in 10G that would allow for the shared chips, optics and hardware platforms, thus driving cost reductions for hardware manufacturers.
1481:
2346:
2180:
230:. XGS-PON is a related technology that can deliver upstream and downstream (symmetrical) speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s (gigabits per second), first approved in 2016 as G.9807.1. XGS-PON uses
321:. Includes examples of services, user network interfaces (UNIs) and service node interfaces (SNIs), as well as the principal deployment configurations that are requested by network operators.
1911:
252:
Asymmetric 10G-PON is specified as XG-PON1: 10 Gbit/s downstream and 2.5 Gbit/s upstream (nominal line rate of 9.95328 Gbit/s downstream and 2.48832 Gbit/s upstream).
2260:
2367:
1488:
2430:
354:
There is also a companion ITU-T standard defining a management and control interface for administering optical network units, referred to by the G.987 recommendations.
1603:
431:
The ONU receives the downstream data from the
Internet or private networks, and also uses time slots allocated by the OLT to send the upstream traffic in burst-mode.
1645:
442:
438:
1885:
270:) so that G-PON subscribers can be upgraded to 10G-PON incrementally while GPON users continue on the original optical line terminal (OLT). The G-PON standard is
2350:
2462:
377:
568:
Telecom Italia is starting a trial on three exchanges in Italy using XGS-PON equipment from Nokia, both to its retail customers and to its wholesale clients.
1619:
2239:
2113:
1771:
1692:
1742:
985:
553:
BT in the UK is providing a trial 10-Gbit/s broadband service to a business customer in
Cornwall using XGPON technology, it announced on 23rd Nov 2012.
1573:"Smith Joe, Loveland Richard, Rao Bhavani, Alcatel-Lucent. "The Migration To 10G GPON" - FTTH Prism: Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2010 retrieved 06 Nov 2010"
2410:
333:. Describes a flexible optical fibre access network representing an evolutionary development from G.984.2, asymmetric only in the current version.
1991:
1667:
556:
Chorus in New
Zealand is providing a trial 10-Gbit/s broadband service to customers using XGS-PON technology. It was announced on 18th Nov 2019.
2451:
2225:
1517:
1572:
482:
cabinets may be an option for reach extension as a way to minimise the number of central offices covering low population density areas.
263:(ONTs) to deliver the upstream transmission speed. Another symmetric 10G-PON standard is XGS-PON (ITU-T G.9807.1, approved 2016-06-22).
546:
300:
Recommendation G.987 is a family that defines this access network standard (referred to as XG-PON). It comprises four recommendations:
2159:
1072:
597:
543:
In
October 2010, Portugal Telecom reported a successful field trial of 10G-PON, transmitting 3D-TV content using XG-PON1 capabilities.
2386:
1817:
1468:
1951:
2507:
2314:
222:
other. Each user has a network device that converts between the optical signals and the signals used in building wiring, such as
2472:
1545:
2201:
2427:
1933:
260:
2463:
https://web.archive.org/web/20110708133401/http://www.chaffeefiberoptics.com/nwsltr/Municipal%20and%20Utlity%20Guidebook.pdf
1356:
530:
could span 25 km or more and be shared/split among 128 subscribers. XGS-PON also supports split ratios of up to 1:128.
2457:
1450:
1068:
593:
2387:"Converge gets its first live customer of 10GPON technology service » YugaTech | Philippines Tech News & Reviews"
2492:
2012:
1653:
1759:
255:
Symmetric 10G-PON is also proposed as XG-PON2 with 10 Gbit/s upstream, but would require more expensive burst-mode
2440:
2088:
1423:
1842:
1322:
1307:
267:
1377:
2452:
Benjamin Reboul, FTTH Council APAC, “A Global
Overview of FTTH”, FTTH Council APAC Annual Conference, May 25 2010
1616:
2502:
218:
309:: 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON) systems: Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms, 2010.
2497:
462:
432:
235:
2181:"Quantum Fiber launches multi-gig service, delivering symmetric 8 gigabit internet speeds in select cities"
495:
2467:
2114:"DIGI lanseaza internetul de 10 Gbps – Fiberlink 10 G, cel mai rapid internet din Romania"
1515:
George, John. "PONs Can Keep Pace with
Exploding Bandwidth Demand" - FTTH Prism: Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2010
417:
385:
227:
2261:"Bell set to deliver North America's fastest Internet speeds and Wi-Fi technology of any major provider"
231:
1282:
1277:
563:
Announced the commercial availability on its OpenStream product (bitstream access) on March 26, 2021.
499:
435:
time slots prevent collisions with upstream traffic from other users sharing the same physical PON.
2368:"French B2B operator Netalis to launch 10 Gbps fibre service in Besancon, more locations to follow"
1717:
389:
1409:
1302:
1084:
609:
196:
2473:
A Chip Off the Old Block: System
Requirements, Challenges, and Standards for Next-Generation PON
2138:
1785:
1287:
17:
2328:
2039:
1579:
1514:
164:
2282:
2202:"Sonic Deploys Combined GPON and XGS-PON Platform in Oakland – Telecompetitor"
872: – Virgin Media, CityFibre, toob, G.Network, Community Fibre, YouFibre, Fibrus
458:
401:
2013:"Chorus' Hyperfibre set to redefine 'fast' for broadband in New Zealand | Corporate Website"
1867:
1646:"Chorus' Hyperfibre set to redefine 'fast' for broadband in New Zealand | Corporate Website"
195:
equipment, often displacing copper phone lines that connect premises to the phone exchange.
1886:"Time offers 2Gbps fibre for RM379/month, first to commercially deploy 10G PON in Malaysia"
1292:
441:
is another emerging application, but has extra synchronisation requirements. A specialised
424:
signals to buildings wired for RF video, and some may even be compatible with the emerging
409:
88:
8:
1317:
1040:
519:
405:
2458:
http://conference.vde.com/ecoc-2009/programs/documents/sp_stefandahlfort_ng%20access.pdf
2487:
1959:
511:
470:
413:
381:
192:
2306:
1973:
1534:
393:
122:
2446:
2063:
1693:"Open Fiber e Fibra City realizzano con ZTE la prima connessione XGS-PON in Italia"
515:
446:
160:
112:
1469:
G.984.1: Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (G-PON): General characteristics
199:(PON) architecture has become a cost-effective way to meet performance demands in
2434:
1623:
1521:
1348:
1312:
1080:
605:
168:
1396:"G.9807.1 : 10-Gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON)"
1480:
Chang, Frank; Kramer, Glen; Hajduczenia, Marek; Mandin, Jeff; Yoon, Bin Yeong.
1297:
1259:
869:
200:
550:
provides that business with its existing FiOS network connection and services.
396:
servicing a single subscriber; e.g., a dwelling or office. ONU devices supply
2481:
2468:
Technologies and applications of
Passive Optical Networks (PON)- Yukio Nakano
998:
981:
967:
953:
939:
925:
911:
897:
507:
503:
479:
184:
2307:"PRO-DIGI 10 Gb – LA FIBRA MÁS RÁPIDA DEL PAÍS, VA POR LIBRE"
1424:"10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON): General requirements"
1246:
266:
Framing is "G-PON like" but uses different wavelengths from G-PON (using a
2064:"Antik spúšťa 10 Gbps pevný internet: Poznáme cenu a dostupnosť | TOUCHIT"
337:
325:
313:
1786:"TIM porta a casa tua il primato della velocità: la Fibra fino a 10 giga"
1395:
1242:
1186:
785:
757:
680:
666:
359:
305:
1131:
744:
172:
942: – Lumen (also known as CenturyLink and Quantum Fiber)
140:
2240:"Ziply Fiber starts next fiber upgrade wave, puts XGS-PON on roadmap"
2160:"Frontier Says it Has Deployed XGS-PON Fiber Broadband to 100K Homes"
1127:
855:
736:
722:
469:
Normally the OLT is on a card that slots into an OLT chassis at the
1992:"Inea wprowadza internet o prędkości 10 Gb/s za 399 zł miesięcznie"
1772:"TIM porta in tv ad 'Amici' la fibra FTTH a 10 gigabits al secondo"
1214:
813:
708:
474:
397:
286:
282:
223:
1818:"DELTA komt met 8 Gig via glasvezel, 1 Gig wordt nieuwe standaard"
1668:"Oltre il GPON: Open Fiber supera il muro di 1Gigabit per secondo"
1327:
1228:
883:
841:
740:
652:
278:
108:
36:
10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network (XG-PON & XGS-PON)
2411:"New UK Full Fibre Broadband ISP Zzoomm Begins Network Testing"
1482:"Overview of 10Gb/s EPON Status, Requirements and Applications"
1200:
1172:
1158:
1144:
1026:
1012:
799:
771:
171:
rates up to 10 Gbit/s (gigabits per second) over existing
400:
and possibly other services to the users, either directly (by
2347:"M1 launches Singapore's first 2Gbps to 10Gbps GPON services"
1272:
1113:
827:
694:
638:
297:
271:
256:
246:
176:
78:
1743:"Sperimentazione tecnica di rete FTTH in tecnologia XGS-PON"
363:: ONU management and control interface (OMCI) specification
2089:"Llega PRO-DIGI: la fibra más rápida del país va por libre"
1934:"Singtel, SuperInternet launch 10Gbps plans for home users"
425:
421:
275:
188:
180:
98:
760: – Swisscom, Salt Fiber, Sunrise, Quickline
1430:. International Telecommunication Union. January 13, 2010
1378:"XG-PON or XGS-PON: don't make a costly spelling mistake"
203:, and sometimes also in large optical local networks for
1479:
1047:
1718:"Open Fiber sempre più veloce: ora si viaggia a 10Giga"
1803:
1510:
1508:
329:: Physical media dependent (PMD) layer specification
2040:"Internet GIGANT stiže iz Orion telekoma | PC Press"
187:
is shared by many subscribers in a network known as
2441:
FTTH Council Europe - FTTH Handbook, Fourth Edition
1473:
1505:
572:
2226:"Glo Fiber Launches 5 Gig Fiber Internet Service"
2479:
1567:
1565:
380:(ONU) supplies network services from the PON to
1843:"KPN switches to ultra-fast XGS-PON technology"
489:
341:: Transmission convergence (TC) specifications
2391:YugaTech | Philippines Tech News & Reviews
1868:"「NURO 光」に個人向け10Gbpsサービス登場、月額9800円、「XG-PON」採用"
1535:"10G EPON- Unleashing the Bandwidth Potential"
388:such as a home gateway or office firewall. An
179:'s next-generation standard following on from
1562:
2106:
1804:"Smart Infra provides now speeds of 10 Gbps"
2232:
1796:
2139:"Multi-gig PON 101: Q&A with AT&T"
2081:
928: – Frontier Communications
473:(CO), which uses special uplink cards for
317:: General requirements of 10G-PON systems
210:Passive optical networks are used for the
2428:FTTH Council Europe - FTTH Business Guide
2218:
1604:"10 GBPS Symmetrical with XGS-PON |"
1410:"10 GBPS Symmetrical with XGS-PON |"
331:(approved 2010-01-13, updated 2010-10-07)
2152:
2131:
1626:published 2010/10/28, access 2010/11/06.
1448:
1349:"ITU brings new clarity to 5G transport"
1083:by adding descriptive text and removing
608:by adding descriptive text and removing
404:) or through a gateway device such as a
2007:
2005:
452:
14:
2480:
2280:
1452:Comparison of 10 Gbit/s PON vs WDM-PON
191:in a way that centralises most of the
2384:
2173:
2058:
2056:
2034:
2032:
1048:Commercial Internet service providers
2253:
2002:
1051:
914: – Cox Communications
576:
392:(ONT) is an ONU that functions as a
1346:
249:G.987 is the standard for 10G-PON.
141:https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.987
24:
2053:
2029:
1760:Technical annex to wholesale offer
1175: – Netalis (France)
27:Technology for computer networking
25:
2519:
2421:
2095:(in European Spanish). 2021-09-08
1617:BBWF 2010: Huawei's 10G GPON Coup
461:) connects the PON to aggregated
445:(CBU) can provide PON access for
2317:from the original on 2021-09-08.
1323:Wavelength-division multiplexing
1308:Triple play (telecommunications)
1252:
1235:
1221:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1165:
1161: – Monaco Telecom
1151:
1137:
1120:
1106:
1056:
1033:
1019:
1005:
991:
974:
960:
946:
932:
918:
904:
890:
876:
862:
848:
844: – Digi Romania
834:
820:
806:
792:
778:
764:
750:
729:
715:
701:
687:
673:
659:
645:
631:
581:
371:
2403:
2378:
2360:
2339:
2321:
2299:
2274:
2194:
1984:
1966:
1944:
1926:
1900:
1878:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1778:
1764:
1753:
1735:
1710:
1685:
1660:
1638:
1629:
1610:
1596:
1551:from the original on 2017-08-29
1544:. ZTE Corporation. 2009-08-04.
1527:
1449:Dahlfort, Stefan (2009-09-22).
1359:from the original on 2021-04-05
1217: – Antik Telecom
1203: – Orion Telekom
830: – Digi Spain
816: – Antik Telecom
802: – Orion Telekom
573:Home Internet service providers
537:
167:, capable of delivering shared
2508:ITU-T G Series Recommendations
1747:wdc.wholesale.telecomitalia.it
1462:
1442:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1370:
1340:
1116: – Orange Spain
1001: – Ziply Fiber
655: – Smart Infra
13:
1:
1333:
496:optical distribution networks
236:time division multiple access
2385:Maala, Gracey (2021-12-22).
2228:(Press release). 2023-04-04.
1652:. 2019-11-18. Archived from
970: – Glo Fiber
490:Optical distribution network
241:
7:
2283:"Why 10 Gigabits, Why Now?"
2281:Keaney, John (2022-10-06).
2183:(Press release). 2022-08-03
1952:"M1 Fibre Broadband 10Gbps"
1266:
900: – AT&T
512:optical distribution frames
466:individual ONUs as needed.
386:customer-premises equipment
228:plain old telephone service
10:
2524:
2493:Fiber-optic communications
1231: – Telemach
886: – Telemach
725: – PCCW-HKT
428:home networking standard.
232:time division multiplexing
2329:"Orange rolls out XG-PON"
2120:(in Romanian). 2021-09-30
1792:(in Italian). 2022-10-10.
1749:(in Italian). 2021-03-23.
1283:Fiber-optic communication
1278:Broadband Internet access
500:single-mode optical fibre
261:optical network terminals
136:
128:
118:
104:
94:
84:
74:
64:
56:
48:
40:
35:
1724:(in Italian). 2021-03-26
1699:(in Italian). 2019-03-18
1674:(in Italian). 2019-03-14
1262: – Zzoomm
1189: – Chorus
1029: – Rogers
956: – Sonic
788: – Chorus
697: – So-net
390:optical network terminal
349:
292:
183:or gigabit-capable PON.
2454:(Retrieved 08 Nov 2010)
2070:(in Slovak). 2021-05-25
1908:"華為x香港電訊 全球首商用10Gbps寬頻"
1303:Passive Optical Network
1085:less pertinent examples
1043: – SIRO
1015: – Bell
774: – Inea
669: – DELTA
610:less pertinent examples
274:. This compares to the
197:Passive optical network
2206:www.telecompetitor.com
1824:(in Dutch). 2021-08-05
1288:Next generation access
711: – Time
443:cellular backhaul unit
439:Fibre-to-the-cell site
2503:ITU-T recommendations
2443:(Updated 24 Aug 2011)
2437:(Updated 24 Aug 2011)
1996:www.wirtualnemedia.pl
1524:retrieved 06 Nov 2010
1147: – Sfr
858: – SLT
683: – KPN
641: – TIM
459:optical line terminal
365:(approved 2010-10-07)
343:(approved 2010-10-07)
319:(approved 2010-01-13)
216:fibre-to-the-premises
2498:Network architecture
2372:www.telecompaper.com
2313:. 8 September 2021.
2017:company.chorus.co.nz
1650:company.chorus.co.nz
1293:Hybrid fiber-coaxial
453:OLT and access nodes
378:optical network unit
268:WDM to separate them
89:ITU-T Study Group 15
2333:www.csimagazine.com
1940:. February 3, 2016.
1318:Business continuity
1081:improve the article
606:improve the article
520:point to multipoint
406:residential gateway
226:and wired analogue
161:computer networking
32:
2447:ITU-T GPON Summary
2433:2011-10-09 at the
1998:. 12 October 2018.
1622:2012-10-13 at the
1520:2011-07-08 at the
1347:ITU (2018-12-22).
1245: –
1130: –
984: –
739: –
193:telecommunications
30:
2335:. 17 August 2015.
1938:The Straits Times
1102:
1101:
627:
626:
516:Optical splitters
508:optical splitters
447:cellular networks
394:demarcation point
382:customer premises
212:fibre-to-the-home
205:fibre-to-the-desk
146:
145:
123:Telecommunication
105:Related standards
16:(Redirected from
2515:
2415:
2414:
2413:. 26 April 2019.
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2349:. Archived from
2343:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1958:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:. Archived from
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:www.zteitalia.it
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1578:. Archived from
1577:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1539:
1531:
1525:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1487:. Archived from
1486:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1009:
1008:
997:
995:
994:
986:Summit Broadband
980:
978:
977:
966:
964:
963:
952:
950:
949:
938:
936:
935:
924:
922:
921:
910:
908:
907:
896:
894:
893:
882:
880:
879:
868:
866:
865:
854:
852:
851:
840:
838:
837:
826:
824:
823:
812:
810:
809:
798:
796:
795:
784:
782:
781:
770:
768:
767:
756:
754:
753:
735:
733:
732:
721:
719:
718:
707:
705:
704:
693:
691:
690:
679:
677:
676:
665:
663:
662:
651:
649:
648:
637:
635:
634:
622:
619:
613:
585:
584:
577:
132:Freely available
113:Higher Speed PON
33:
29:
21:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2478:
2477:
2435:Wayback Machine
2424:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2383:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1874:. June 1, 2015.
1866:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1624:Wayback Machine
1615:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1522:Wayback Machine
1513:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1313:Cloud computing
1269:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1234:
1222:
1220:
1208:
1206:
1194:
1192:
1180:
1178:
1166:
1164:
1152:
1150:
1138:
1136:
1121:
1119:
1107:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1078:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1034:
1032:
1020:
1018:
1006:
1004:
992:
990:
975:
973:
961:
959:
947:
945:
933:
931:
919:
917:
905:
903:
891:
889:
877:
875:
863:
861:
849:
847:
835:
833:
821:
819:
807:
805:
793:
791:
779:
777:
765:
763:
751:
749:
730:
728:
716:
714:
702:
700:
688:
686:
674:
672:
660:
658:
646:
644:
632:
630:
623:
617:
614:
603:
586:
582:
575:
540:
492:
455:
374:
352:
295:
244:
201:access networks
169:Internet access
151:(also known as
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2422:External links
2420:
2417:
2416:
2402:
2377:
2359:
2353:on 2015-10-19.
2338:
2320:
2298:
2273:
2252:
2231:
2217:
2193:
2172:
2151:
2130:
2105:
2080:
2052:
2028:
2001:
1983:
1965:
1962:on 2016-05-07.
1943:
1925:
1914:on May 8, 2016
1899:
1877:
1872:INTERNET Watch
1859:
1834:
1809:
1795:
1777:
1763:
1752:
1734:
1709:
1684:
1659:
1656:on 2020-01-19.
1637:
1628:
1609:
1606:. 25 May 2019.
1595:
1561:
1526:
1504:
1472:
1461:
1441:
1415:
1412:. 25 May 2019.
1401:
1387:
1369:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1298:fibre to the x
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:United Kingdom
1249:
1232:
1218:
1204:
1190:
1176:
1162:
1148:
1134:
1117:
1100:
1099:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1030:
1016:
1002:
988:
971:
957:
943:
929:
915:
901:
887:
873:
870:United Kingdom
859:
845:
831:
817:
803:
789:
775:
761:
747:
726:
712:
698:
684:
670:
656:
642:
625:
624:
589:
587:
580:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
564:
557:
554:
551:
544:
539:
536:
491:
488:
471:central office
454:
451:
373:
370:
369:
368:
351:
348:
347:
346:
334:
322:
310:
294:
291:
243:
240:
175:. This is the
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
106:
102:
101:
96:
95:Base standards
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
65:Latest version
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2520:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2412:
2406:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2356:Press release
2352:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1956:www.m1.com.sg
1953:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1806:. 2022-08-18.
1805:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1635:Total Telecom
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1585:on 2011-07-08
1581:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1494:on 2010-10-10
1490:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1382:www.nokia.com
1379:
1373:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1219:
1216:
1205:
1202:
1191:
1188:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1160:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1093:November 2022
1086:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:This section
1063:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1003:
1000:
999:United States
989:
987:
983:
982:United States
972:
969:
968:United States
958:
955:
954:United States
944:
941:
940:United States
930:
927:
926:United States
916:
913:
912:United States
902:
899:
898:United States
888:
885:
874:
871:
860:
857:
846:
843:
832:
829:
818:
815:
804:
801:
790:
787:
776:
773:
762:
759:
748:
746:
742:
738:
727:
724:
713:
710:
699:
696:
685:
682:
671:
668:
657:
654:
643:
640:
629:
628:
621:
618:November 2022
611:
607:
601:
599:
595:
590:This section
588:
579:
578:
567:
562:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
541:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:outside plant
501:
497:
487:
483:
481:
480:outside plant
476:
472:
467:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:, connecting
383:
379:
372:ONU equipment
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
355:
344:
340:
339:
335:
332:
328:
327:
323:
320:
316:
315:
311:
308:
307:
303:
302:
301:
299:
290:
288:
284:
281:standard for
280:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
253:
250:
248:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Optical fibre
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:standard for
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2405:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2355:
2351:the original
2341:
2332:
2323:
2310:
2301:
2290:. Retrieved
2286:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2263:. 2022-08-02
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2242:. 2021-08-11
2234:
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2185:. Retrieved
2175:
2164:. Retrieved
2162:. 2021-09-23
2154:
2143:. Retrieved
2141:. 2021-08-27
2133:
2122:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
2044:. Retrieved
2042:. 2020-07-29
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1960:the original
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1918:December 11,
1916:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1888:. SoyaCincau
1880:
1871:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1849:. 2021-09-01
1846:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1821:
1812:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1766:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1726:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1662:
1654:the original
1649:
1640:
1631:
1612:
1598:
1587:. Retrieved
1580:the original
1553:. Retrieved
1542:Telecom Asia
1541:
1529:
1496:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1475:
1464:
1458:. ECOC 2009.
1451:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1247:Converge ICT
1090:
1079:Please help
1067:may contain
1066:
615:
604:Please help
592:may contain
591:
538:Field trials
532:
528:
525:
493:
484:
468:
456:
437:
430:
375:
364:
358:
353:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
304:
296:
265:
254:
251:
245:
215:
211:
209:
204:
159:) is a 2010
156:
152:
148:
147:
75:Organization
57:Year started
41:Abbreviation
2311:Digi Espana
1974:"Fiber Box"
1847:overons.kpn
1243:Philippines
1187:New Zealand
786:New Zealand
758:Switzerland
681:Netherlands
667:Netherlands
518:creating a
2482:Categories
2396:2024-08-27
2292:2023-04-24
2267:2022-10-01
2246:2022-02-05
2211:2022-03-30
2187:2022-08-03
2166:2022-02-14
2145:2022-02-05
2124:2021-09-30
2099:2021-09-08
2074:2021-05-25
2068:touchit.sk
2046:2021-12-31
2022:2019-11-19
1853:2022-06-21
1828:2021-08-12
1728:2024-08-27
1722:Open Fiber
1703:2024-08-27
1678:2024-08-27
1672:Open Fiber
1589:2018-11-26
1555:2022-05-08
1498:2018-11-26
1363:2021-04-05
1334:References
1073:irrelevant
598:irrelevant
234:(TDM) and
173:dark fiber
165:data links
2488:Broadband
1128:Singapore
1069:excessive
856:Sri Lanka
737:Singapore
723:Hong Kong
594:excessive
457:The OLT (
412:, and/or
285:based on
242:Standards
219:last mile
85:Committee
70:June 2012
2431:Archived
2315:Archived
1892:25 March
1822:delta.nl
1620:Archived
1546:Archived
1518:Archived
1357:Archived
1353:ITU News
1267:See also
1215:Slovakia
1075:examples
814:Slovakia
709:Malaysia
600:examples
475:Ethernet
463:backhaul
410:firewall
402:bridging
398:Ethernet
287:Ethernet
283:10G-EPON
238:(TDMA).
224:Ethernet
52:In force
2118:digi.ro
2093:digi.es
1328:NG-PON2
1229:Croatia
1041:Ireland
884:Croatia
842:Romania
741:SingTel
653:Finland
547:Verizon
502:in the
338:G.987.3
326:G.987.2
314:G.987.1
279:802.3av
149:10G-PON
137:Website
129:License
109:NG-PON2
31:10G-PON
1790:tim.it
1434:May 7,
1257:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1201:Serbia
1198:
1184:
1173:France
1170:
1159:Monaco
1156:
1145:France
1142:
1125:
1111:
1038:
1027:Canada
1024:
1013:Canada
1010:
996:
979:
965:
951:
937:
923:
909:
895:
881:
867:
853:
839:
825:
811:
800:Serbia
797:
783:
772:Poland
769:
755:
734:
720:
706:
692:
678:
664:
650:
636:
414:router
257:lasers
153:XG-PON
119:Domain
49:Status
18:XG-PON
1583:(PDF)
1576:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1538:(PDF)
1492:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1456:(PDF)
1428:G.987
1273:G.984
1114:Spain
828:Spain
695:Japan
639:Italy
360:G.988
350:G.988
306:G.987
298:ITU-T
293:G.987
272:G.984
247:ITU-T
177:ITU-T
157:G.987
79:ITU-T
44:G.987
2287:SIRO
1978:Salt
1920:2018
1894:2023
1436:2011
510:and
498:use
494:PON
433:TDMA
426:G.hn
422:CATV
418:POTS
376:The
276:IEEE
189:FTTx
181:GPON
99:GPON
60:2010
1071:or
596:or
259:on
214:or
155:or
68:3.0
2484::
2389:.
2370:.
2331:.
2309:.
2285:.
2204:.
2116:.
2091:.
2066:.
2055:^
2031:^
2015:.
2004:^
1994:.
1976:.
1954:.
1936:.
1870:.
1845:.
1820:.
1788:.
1745:.
1720:.
1695:.
1670:.
1648:.
1564:^
1540:.
1507:^
1426:.
1380:.
1355:.
1351:.
1132:M1
745:M1
743:,
506:,
449:.
420:,
416:,
408:,
207:.
111:,
2399:.
2374:.
2295:.
2270:.
2249:.
2214:.
2190:.
2169:.
2148:.
2127:.
2102:.
2077:.
2049:.
2025:.
1980:.
1922:.
1896:.
1856:.
1831:.
1774:.
1731:.
1706:.
1681:.
1592:.
1558:.
1501:.
1438:.
1398:.
1384:.
1366:.
1095:)
1091:(
1087:.
1077:.
620:)
616:(
612:.
602:.
367:.
345:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.