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Woodblock printing in Japan

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794: 477: 806: 177: 356: 723:, was the first to produce abstract engravings, of a style however distinctly oriental for its chromaticism of soft tones and for its lyricism and imagination. Hiratsuka was more traditional in technique and choice of subjects, with a preference for black and white monochrome, in themes ranging from Buddhism to landscapes and popular scenes, in which he combined traditional methods with modern effects. Munakata was noted for his original, personal and expressive work, with an unmistakable stamp. He also focused on Buddhist themes, generally also monochrome, but with a free, carefree style, with a careless appearance but of great vitality. 2674: 737: 671: 20: 628:" that existed at this time. Publishers or individuals could buy woodblocks from one another, and thus take over the production of certain texts, but beyond the ownership of a given set of blocks (and thus a very particular representation of a given subject), there was no legal conception of the ownership of ideas. Plays were adopted by competing theaters, and either reproduced wholesale, or individual plot elements or characters might be adapted; this activity was considered legitimate and routine at the time. 595: 403:, and people lent woodblock-printed illustrated books of various genres. While the Saga Books were printed on expensive paper, and used various embellishments, being printed specifically for a small circle of literary connoisseurs, other printers in Edo quickly adapted the conventional woodblock printing to producing cheaper books in large numbers, for more general consumption. The content of these books varied widely, including travel guides, gardening books, cookbooks, 1201:, are considered independent artists, free of school associations, and presumably, without the resulting associated benefits from publishers, who might be less inclined to produce prints by an unaffiliated artist. However, many of the surviving examples speak to the contrary. The earliest examples by these artists are among the most desirable, valuable, and rarest of all ukiyo-e. Additionally, many examples exhibit very fine printing, using expensive mica ( 3106: 859:
print. This coil is contained in a disk called an "ategawa" made from layers of very thin paper which is glued together and wrapped in a dampened bamboo leaf, the ends of which are then tied to create a handle. Modern printmakers have adapted this tool, and today barens made of aluminum with ball bearings to apply the pressure are used, as well as less expensive plastic versions.
1053: 852:, then glued face-down onto a plank of close-grained wood, usually a block of smooth cherry. Oil could be used to make the lines of the image more visible. An incision is made along both sides of each line or area. Wood is then chiseled away, based on the drawing outlines. The block is inked using a brush and then a flat hand-held tool called a 879:). The development of two registration marks carved into the blocks called "kento" was especially helpful with the introduction of multiple colors that had to be applied with precision over previous ink layers. The sheet of paper to be printed is placed in the kento, then lowered onto the woodblock. 838:
The technique for printing texts and images was generally similar. The obvious differences were the volume produced when working with texts (many pages for a single work), and the complexity of multiple colors in some images. Images in books were almost always in monochrome (black ink only), and for
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Despite the appeal of moveable type, however, craftsmen soon decided that the semi-cursive and cursive script style of Japanese writings was better reproduced using woodblocks. By 1640 woodblocks were once again used for nearly all purposes. After the 1640s, movable type printing declined, and books
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is used to press the paper against the woodblock to apply the ink to the paper. The traditional baren is made in three parts: it consists of an inner core made from bamboo leaves twisted into a rope of varying thicknesses, the nodules thus created being what ultimately applies the pressure to the
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in Kyoto and started publishing books using a domestic wooden movable type printing press instead of metal from 1599. Ieyasu supervised the production of 100,000 types, which were used to print many political and historical books. In 1605, books using a domestic copper movable type printing press
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in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. The Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors,
703:, who already shows a clear Western influence in the realism and plastic treatment of his images. With the entry into the 20th century, the artists who practiced engraving evolved to a style more in line with modern Japanese taste. One of its first exponents was 148:, and other Buddhist texts and images. For centuries, printing was mainly restricted to the Buddhist sphere, as it was too expensive for mass production, and did not have a receptive, literate public as a market. However, an important set of fans of the late 1033:—a method of using multiple blocks for separate portions of the image, using a number of colors to achieve complex and detailed images. A separate block was carved to apply only the part of the image designated for a single color. Registration marks called 1215:
Following are common Tokugawa-period print sizes. Sizes varied depending on the period, and those given are approximate; they are based on the pre-printing paper sizes, and paper was often trimmed after printing.
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gained international popularity. Institutes such as the "Adachi Institute of Woodblock Prints" and "Takezasado" continue to produce ukiyo-e prints with the same materials and methods as used in the past.
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and introduction of modern printing technologies, woodblock printing continued as a method for printing texts as well as for producing art, both within traditional modes such as
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and Suminokura Soan. At their studio in Saga, Kyoto, the pair created a number of woodblock versions of the Japanese classics, both text and images, essentially converting
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Paine, Robert Treat, in: Paine, R. T. & Soper A, "The Art and Architecture of Japan", Pelican History of Art, 3rd ed 1981, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),
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The great pioneers in applying the movable type printing press to the creation of artistic books, and in preceding mass production for general consumption, were
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Japanese printmaking, as with many other features of Japanese art, tended to organize itself into schools and movements. The most notable schools (see also
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Friese, Gordon (2007). "Hori-shi. 249 facsimiles of different seals from 96 Japanese engravers." Unna, Nordrhein-Westfalen: Verlag im bücherzentrun.
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was due to the high literacy rate of Japanese people in those days. The literacy rate of the Japanese in the Edo period was almost 100% for the
2783: 624:. A publisher's ownership of the physical woodblocks used to print a given text or image constituted the closest equivalent to a concept of " 2041: 1865: 1151: 2718: 1147: 1836: 1976: 1816: 2748: 1964: 1709: 3064: 2833: 2823: 2703: 1990: 1134: 1104: 793: 278:
to printed books, and reproducing them for wider consumption. These books, now known as Kōetsu Books, Suminokura Books, or Saga Books
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brought with it demand for ever increasing numbers of colors and complexity of techniques. The stages of this development follow:
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Many publishing houses arose and grew, publishing both books and single-sheet prints. One of the most famous and successful was
1945: 296:, are considered the first and finest printed reproductions of many of these classic tales; the Saga Book of the Tales of Ise ( 160:
from the 12th century to the 13th century, many books were printed and published by woodblock printing at Buddhist temples in
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artistic genre of single sheets, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the
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commissioned one million small wooden pagodas, each containing a small woodblock scroll printed with a Buddhist text (
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While, again, text was nearly always monochrome, as were images in books, the growth of the popularity of
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Whitmore, Paul M.; Cass, Glen R. (February 1988). "The Ozone Fading of Traditional Japanese Colorants".
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master, and his cruel depictions and fantastic expressions influenced later Japanese literature and
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The Prints of Japan, Frank A. Turk, October House Inc ,1966, Lib Congress catalog Card no. 66-25524
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depicting secular subjects became very popular among the common people and were mass-produced.
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wrestlers, beautiful women, landscapes of sightseeing spots, historical tales, and so on, and
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Fresh Impressions, Kendall Brown, Publisher: University of Washington Press, September 2013,
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The Japanese terms for vertical (portrait) and horizontal (landscape) formats for images are
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characters. In one book, 2,100 characters were created, but 16% of them were used only once.
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began to be published, but copper type did not become mainstream after Ieyasu died in 1616.
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With the entry into modernity, in Japan there was a renewal of woodblock printmaking, the
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in 1591. However, the use of the western printing press was discontinued after the ban on
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of 764. These are the earliest examples of woodblock printing known, or documented, from
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Ukiyo-e Studies and Pleasures, A Collection of Essays on the Art of Japanese Prints
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Bonds of Civility: Aesthetic Networks and the Political Origins of Japanese Culture
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was printed in 1598, using a Korean moveable type printing press, at the order of
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Rikardson, Anders (1978). "Japanese Woodblock Prints" Malmö: Antik & Auktion.
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a time art prints were likewise monochrome or done in only two or three colors.
4111: 4071: 4031: 3991: 3895: 3810: 3795: 3620: 3593: 3588: 3553: 3461: 3162: 2988: 2592: 2059:(in Japanese). Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from 1156: 470: 460: 299: 224: 4149: 3870: 3790: 3780: 3182: 3042: 2601: 1895:"About the Japanese and Composition, the reconstruction of history and future" 4271: 4232: 4174: 4121: 4096: 4081: 3971: 3920: 3905: 3770: 3598: 3232: 2570: 2530: 2454: 708: 644:
and in a variety of more radical or Western forms that might be construed as
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Masterpieces of Japanese Prints: Ukiyo-e from the Victoria and Albert Museum
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with the techniques of Western paintings became popular, and the works of
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were mass-produced by conventional woodblock printing during most of the
90: 2868: 2478: 423: 405: 3858: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3466: 3021: 2945: 2925: 2915: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2538: 1175: 930: 869: 650: 645: 613: 560: 376: 344: 304:), printed in 1608, is especially renowned. For aesthetic reasons, the 216:
is one of the earliest works produced on a movable type press in Japan.
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and greatly developed Japanese woodblock printing culture such as
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established the technique of multicolor woodblock printing called
445:(puppet) theatre, etc. The best-selling books of this period were 4187: 3775: 3491: 3212: 3085: 2828: 2798: 2793: 2758: 2743: 2713: 2708: 2673: 2644: 2562: 2551:"A new vision: modern Japanese prints from the Heriot collection" 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 1190: 1143: 1126: 1100: 1013: 819:) and increased use of printed colour were among the innovations 526: 509: 481: 429: 380: 263: 145: 86: 73: 46: 4204: 2133: 2838: 2693: 2555:
Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2497:(1961). "A History of Japan: 1334–1615." Stanford, California: 1740:
Izumi Munemura. (2010). The Surface Finishing Society of Japan.
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practically disappeared. Its last manifestations correspond to
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Yoshitoshi: The Splendid Decadent/the Last Master of Ukiyo-E .
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instead of paint. Lacquer was rarely, if ever, used on prints.
3011: 2950: 2858: 2688: 2158: 844: 815: 568: 332: 275: 161: 141: 130: 81:, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the 3105: 580: 522: 2613: 314:, like that of traditional handwritten books, adopted the 1052: 400: 197: 2301: 2299: 1766:. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky. p. 33. 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2044:
The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum "Nagoya Touken World"
365:(colored woodblock print) series depicting a class at 315: 309: 211: 201: 2607: 2187:(in Spanish). Madrid: Espasa Calpe. pp. 512–513. 2042:
One Hundred Aspects of the Moon, Tsukioka Yoshitoshi.
1841:(in Japanese). Printing Museum, Tokyo. Archived from 2296: 1655:"Art of the Pleasure Quarters and the Ukiyo-e Style" 393:(farmer) class due to the spread of private schools 2467:
Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print.
2221: 862: 111:Woodblock printing was invented in China under the 2362:Forrer, Matthi, Willem R. van Gulik, Jack Hillier 2084:Satoshi Kobayashi. (2007) Hitotsubashi University. 1932:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1925: 1738:The Past, Present and Future of Printing in Japan. 533:are the most famous artists. In the 18th century, 156:for the paintings was printed from blocks. In the 2430:Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). 882: 239:in 1614. The printing press seized from Korea by 4269: 2322: 2290: 1981:. Konosuke Hashiguchi. (2013) Seikei University. 1207:), premium inks and the highest quality papers. 399:. There were more than 600 rental bookstores in 16:Ancient technique for reproducing images or text 3072: 2602:Creating a Woodblock Print From Start to Finish 1870:(in Japanese). Letterpress Labo. Archived from 1574: 1548: 1522: 1489: 1463: 1437: 1404: 1388: 1360: 1334: 1308: 1282: 1239: 910: 375:The mass production of woodblock prints in the 289: 180: 71:) is a technique best known for its use in the 36: 1583: 1555: 1529: 1496: 1470: 1444: 1411: 1395: 1367: 1341: 1315: 1289: 1246: 1038: 1026: 1001: 984: 971: 958:—orange highlights using a red pigment called 951: 936: 919: 900: 447:Kōshoku Ichidai Otoko (Life of an Amorous Man) 297: 281: 187: 60: 30: 3058: 2629: 473:, and these books were reprinted many times. 439:, art books, play scripts for the kabuki and 2516: 1952:The Japan Federation of Printing Industries. 1178:"New Prints" movement, from 1915, including 695:. After the death of Hiroshige in 1858, the 231:in 1590, and was first used for printing in 1960: 1958: 873:), with additional colors applied by hand ( 842:The text or image is first drawn onto thin 507:From the 17th century to the 19th century, 140:temples in Japan produced printed books of 3104: 3065: 3051: 2636: 2622: 2548: 1892: 1099:, from about 1720s, including the artists 926:—monochrome prints usually printed in pink 2182: 2094:Shin hanga bringing ukiyo-e back to life. 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1142:, from about 1794, including the artists 1125:, from about 1786, including the artists 1112:, from about 1725, including the artists 907:—monochrome printing using only black ink 826:Taking the Evening Cool by Ryōgoku Bridge 781:Learn how and when to remove this message 106: 1955: 1051: 1047: 867:The first prints were simply one-color ( 804: 792: 744:This section includes a list of general 669: 593: 475: 354: 175: 18: 1786: 1172:, "Creative Prints" movement, from 1904 4270: 2610:Japanese Woodblock print search engine 2384:Ukiyo-e: The Art of the Japanese Print 2380: 2305: 2191: 1923: 1863: 1716: 1708:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3046: 2617: 2593:Encyclopedia of Woodblock Printmaking 2427:University of California Press, 1989. 1965:Edo Picture Books and the Edo Period. 1652: 1573: 1488: 1387: 2425:The Male Journey in Japanese Prints. 2411:Society for Japanese Arts and Crafts 2368:Society for Japanese Arts and Crafts 1758: 1665:from the original on 19 October 2023 1327:45.7 × 34.5 (18.0 × 13.6) 730: 2209:from the original on 19 August 2021 2082:北斎・広重-浮世絵木版画出版から探る- 江戸時代における知的財産戦略. 1899:Japan Science and Technology Agency 1752: 1601:12 × 9 (4.7 × 3.5) – 1159:, from 1842, including the artists 350: 171: 13: 2509: 2185:Summa Artis XXI. El arte del Japón 1508:38 × 25.5 (15.0 × 10.0) 1012:can also refer to paintings using 750:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 4304: 2586: 2469:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1456:76.5 × 23 (30.1 × 9.1) 1423:33 × 14.5 (13.0 × 5.7) 1301:34 × 22.5 (13.4 × 8.9) 262:established a printing school at 2672: 1275:19.5 × 13 (7.7 × 5.1) 863:Evolution of printing techniques 797:The woodblock printing process, 735: 631: 587:was several hundred yen to 1000 583:was 16 mon, so the price of one 3767:Not associated with any school 2351:from the original on 2023-10-19 2241: 2183:Gutiérrez, Fernando G. (1967). 2176: 2165:from the original on 2014-02-26 2151: 2140:from the original on 2023-10-19 2126: 2106: 2087: 2075: 2047: 2035: 2016: 1996: 1984: 1970: 1936: 1917: 1886: 1691:from the original on 2023-07-23 1594:35 × 20 (13.8 × 7.9) 1567:38 × 13 (15.0 × 5.1) 1541:38 × 17 (15.0 × 6.7) 1482:50 × 20 (19.7 × 7.9) 1430:39 × 17 (15.4 × 6.7) 1381:73 × 12 (28.7 × 4.7) 1353:26 × 19 (10.2 × 7.5) 3761:List of Utagawa school members 2994:List of Utagawa school members 1857: 1829: 1807: 1793:. Cambridge University Press. 1780: 1743: 1677: 1661:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1646: 1603:19 × 13 (7.5 × 5.1) 1210: 883:Advancements in color printing 648:. In the early 20th century, 85:(1603–1868). It is similar to 1: 2315: 1928:A History of Japan: 1334–1615 941:, "crimson printed pictures") 829: 579:, and the price of a bowl of 383:class and 50% to 60% for the 4217:influenced non-Japanese art 2291:Faulkner & Robinson 1999 1787:Ikegami, Eiko (2005-02-28). 1764:Images of the Floating World 1515:58 × 32 (23 × 13) 1064:, 1741–1751. An example of 976:, "indigo printed pictures") 726: 654:that fused the tradition of 371:(private educational school) 227:was brought to Japan by the 7: 3091:Japanese woodblock printing 3073:Ukiyo-e schools and artists 2664:Woodblock printing in Japan 2643: 1622: 1575: 1549: 1523: 1490: 1464: 1438: 1405: 1389: 1361: 1335: 1309: 1283: 1240: 1076:) and, later, movements of 911: 719:. The first, influenced by 493:in the popular kabuki play 316: 310: 298: 290: 212: 202: 181: 57:Woodblock printing in Japan 37: 25:The Great Wave off Kanagawa 10: 4309: 2381:Harris, Frederick (2011). 2364:A Sheaf of Japanese Papers 2002:Keizaburo Seimaru. (2017) 1659:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1653:Asian Art, Department of. 1074:schools of ukiyo-e artists 575:at that time was about 20 563:was called the last great 415:(books on urban culture), 101: 51:Metropolitan Museum of Art 4132: 3847: 3821: 3528:Shunkōsai Fukushū school 3249:Ishikawa Toyonobu school 3239:Ippitsusai Bunchō school 3113: 3102: 3078: 3004: 2964: 2903: 2877: 2681: 2670: 2651: 2499:Stanford University Press 1591: 1584: 1556: 1547: 1530: 1521: 1504: 1497: 1471: 1462: 1445: 1436: 1419: 1412: 1396: 1368: 1359: 1342: 1333: 1316: 1307: 1290: 1281: 1247: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1039: 1027: 1002: 985: 972: 952: 937: 920: 905:, "ink printed pictures") 901: 848:(Japanese paper), called 282: 188: 136:By the eleventh century, 61: 31: 2531:10.1179/sic.1988.33.1.29 2436:Harvard University Press 2112:Junko Nishiyama. (2018) 2055: 1866: 1837: 1639: 677:, 1926. From the series 4228:Japonaiserie (Van Gogh) 2519:Studies in Conservation 2405:Kaempfer, H. M. (ed.), 2325:Robinson, Basil William 1924:Sansom, George (1961). 1189:Other artists, such as 1068:format, 69.2 x 10.1 cm. 765:more precise citations. 489:actors became popular. 3159:Harukawa Eizan school 2878:Region specific themes 2335:Kodansha International 2116:. p18. Tokyo Bijutsu. 1967:National Diet Library. 1634:List of art techniques 1069: 835: 802: 688: 617: 504: 456:Nansō Satomi Hakkenden 372: 217: 107:Early, to 13th century 53: 3850:artists and movements 3741:Utagawa Hiroshige III 3096:List of ukiyo-e terms 2659:List of ukiyo-e terms 1629:List of ukiyo-e terms 1055: 1048:Schools and movements 1031:, "brocade pictures") 811:graphical perspective 808: 796: 673: 636:After the decline of 606:Twenty Views of Tōkyō 597: 591:in today's currency. 479: 466:Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige 358: 179: 39:Kanagawa-oki nami-ura 22: 4238:Anglo-Japanese style 3736:Utagawa Hiroshige II 3656:Utagawa Kunisada III 3522:Yanagawa Shigenobu I 3333:Keisai Eisen school 3118:of 17–19th centuries 2199:"JAANUS / beni-e 紅絵" 2063:on February 23, 2022 1943:History of printing. 1845:on 29 September 2022 1814:Kotobank Saga Books. 1619:(横絵), respectively. 989:, "purple pictures") 551:influenced European 409:(satirical novels), 98:, and transparency. 3806:Kobayashi Kiyochika 3671:Utagawa Toyokuni II 3651:Utagawa Kunisada II 3407:Nishimura Shigenaga 3115:Schools and artists 2549:David Bell (2020). 2432:Japan Encyclopedia. 1221: 1093:, from 1700 to 1714 571:. The price of one 276:emaki (handscrolls) 196:: libretto for the 4243:Post-Impressionism 4067:Shōzaburō Watanabe 3726:Utagawa Kuniteru I 3711:Utagawa Yoshitoshi 3691:Utagawa Yoshitsuya 3666:Utagawa Kunimasu I 3636:Utagawa Toyokuni I 3609:Toyohara Kunichika 3532:Shunshosai Hokucho 3397:Nishikawa Sukenobu 3327:Kawamata Tsunemasa 3322:Kawamata Tsuneyuki 3312:Katsukawa Shunkō I 3223:Yanagawa Shigenobu 3213:Katsushika Hokusai 3203:Hishikawa Moronobu 3005:Related traditions 2323:Faulkner, Rupert; 2159:"木版印刷・伝統木版画工房 竹笹堂" 2134:"浮世絵・木版画のアダチ版画研究所" 2114:新版画作品集 ―なつかしい風景への旅 2099:2021-05-02 at the 2028:2022-02-10 at the 1978:第6回 和本の楽しみ方4 江戸の草紙 1948:2021-12-08 at the 1874:on 30 January 2023 1819:2021-02-25 at the 1219: 1070: 836: 803: 689: 618: 505: 491:Ichikawa Danjūrō V 373: 241:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 218: 54: 4265: 4264: 4140:Japanese painting 4042:Sekino Jun'ichirō 4022:Gihachiro Okuyama 3982:Sakuichi Fukazawa 3962:Un'ichi Hiratsuka 3876:Kiyokata Kaburagi 3731:Utagawa Hiroshige 3721:Utagawa Yoshifusa 3716:Utagawa Yoshifuji 3696:Utagawa Yoshitora 3681:Utagawa Kuniyoshi 3579:Torii Kiyomitsu I 3574:Torii Kiyomasu II 3564:Torii Kiyonobu II 3542:Shunbaisai Hokuei 3518:Shigenobu school 3512:Urakusai Nagahide 3487:Yanagawa Nobusada 3477:Shunbaisai Hokuei 3452:Shunkōsai Hokushū 3412:Ishikawa Toyonobu 3403:Nishimura school 3393:Nishikawa school 3307:Katsukawa Shunchō 3302:Katsukawa Shunsen 3297:Katsukawa Shun'ei 3292:Katsukawa Shunshō 3280:Matsuno Chikanobu 3260:Kaigetsudō school 3253:Ishikawa Toyonobu 3243:Ippitsusai Bunchō 3228:Yanagawa Nobusada 3199:Hishikawa school 3153:Furuyama Moromasa 3040: 3039: 2974:Kaigetsudō school 2444:978-0-674-01753-5 2398:978-4-8053-1098-4 2389:Tuttle Publishing 2344:978-4-7700-2387-2 1824:The Asahi Shimbun 1609: 1608: 1564:medium poem card 1272: 1091:Kaigetsudō school 791: 790: 783: 713:Un'ichi Hiratsuka 427:(romance novel), 421:(comical books), 122:Hyakumantō Darani 4300: 4199:Mochizuki school 4117:Tadashi Nakayama 3977:Yasuhide Kobashi 3916:Takahashi Shōtei 3801:Kobayashi Eitaku 3751:Utagawa Sadafusa 3746:Utagawa Hirokage 3706:Utagawa Yoshiiku 3686:Ryusai Shigeharu 3676:Utagawa Kuniyasu 3661:Utagawa Sadahide 3646:Utagawa Kunisada 3641:Utagawa Kunimasa 3631:Utagawa Toyohiro 3626:Utagawa Toyoharu 3605:Toyohara school 3569:Torii Kiyomasu I 3559:Torii Kiyonobu I 3503:Ryūkōsai school 3427:Okumura Masanobu 3387:Miyagawa Shunsui 3377:Miyagawa Chōshun 3373:Miyagawa school 3347:Kitagawa Utamaro 3343:Kitagawa school 3318:Kawamata school 3287:Katsukawa school 3270:Kaigetsudō Anchi 3189:Hasegawa school 3169:Harunobu school 3149:Furuyama school 3108: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3044: 3043: 2979:Katsukawa school 2676: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2615: 2614: 2582: 2542: 2423:Keyes, Roger S. 2402: 2359: 2357: 2356: 2309: 2303: 2294: 2288: 2255: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2130: 2124: 2110: 2104: 2103:The Japan Times. 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2020: 2014: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1953: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1901:. Archived from 1893:Noriyuki Kasai. 1890: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1833: 1827: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1650: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1552: 1538:large poem card 1535: 1533: 1532: 1526: 1502: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1392: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1364: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1222: 1218: 1197:, Sugakudo, and 1097:Katsukawa school 1062:Okumura Masanobu 1042: 1041: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1007: 1005: 1004: 990: 988: 987: 977: 975: 974: 957: 955: 954: 942: 940: 939: 925: 923: 922: 916: 906: 904: 903: 834: 831: 821:Okumura Masanobu 786: 779: 775: 772: 766: 761:this section by 752:inline citations 739: 738: 731: 721:Vasili Kandinsky 501:Utagawa Kunimasa 351:Later Edo period 319: 313: 303: 295: 293: 287: 286: 254:Emperor Go-Yōzei 233:Kazusa, Nagasaki 220:A Western-style 215: 205: 195: 193: 192: 184: 172:Early Edo period 64: 63: 44: 42: 34: 33: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4288:Relief printing 4268: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4165:Hasegawa school 4128: 4102:Chosei Kawakami 4087:Fujimori Shizuo 4052:Hiroyuki Tajima 4007:Yoshitoshi Mori 4002:Matsubara Naoko 3957:Eiichi Kotozuka 3936:Yoshida Hiroshi 3926:Tsuchiya Koitsu 3911:Shiro Kasamatsu 3886:Elizabeth Keith 3866:Hashiguchi Goyō 3849: 3843: 3817: 3786:Toriyama Sekien 3701:Kawanabe Kyōsai 3614:Yōshū Chikanobu 3584:Torii Kiyotsune 3537:Gatōken Shunshi 3423:Okumura school 3417:Suzuki Harunobu 3367:Kitao Shigemasa 3275:Hasegawa Eishun 3265:Kaigetsudō Ando 3209:Hokusai school 3193:Hasegawa Settan 3173:Suzuki Harunobu 3138:Chōbunsai Eishi 3128:Gigadō Ashiyuki 3124:Asayama school 3117: 3109: 3100: 3074: 3071: 3041: 3036: 3000: 2960: 2899: 2873: 2677: 2668: 2647: 2642: 2604:Video (42 mins) 2589: 2545: 2512: 2510:Further reading 2507: 2399: 2354: 2352: 2345: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2304: 2297: 2289: 2258: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2181: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2143: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2111: 2107: 2101:Wayback Machine 2092: 2088: 2080: 2076: 2066: 2064: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2030:Wayback Machine 2021: 2017: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1956: 1950:Wayback Machine 1941: 1937: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1905:on 23 July 2022 1897:(in Japanese). 1891: 1887: 1877: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1858: 1848: 1846: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1821:Wayback Machine 1812: 1808: 1801: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1717: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1692: 1685:"Archived copy" 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1625: 1602: 1581: 1553: 1527: 1494: 1468: 1453:hanging scroll 1442: 1409: 1402: 1393: 1365: 1339: 1313: 1287: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1244: 1213: 1199:Shibata Zesshin 1184:Hiroshi Yoshida 1140:Kitagawa school 1114:Suzuki Harunobu 1110:Kawamata school 1050: 1024: 999: 982: 969: 949: 934: 917: 898: 885: 865: 832: 824: 787: 776: 770: 767: 757:Please help to 756: 740: 736: 729: 705:Hiroshi Yoshida 701:Goyō Hashiguchi 685:Hiroshi Yoshida 680:Seto Inland Sea 664:Hiroshi Yoshida 634: 535:Suzuki Harunobu 353: 279: 260:Tokugawa Ieyasu 185: 174: 158:Kamakura period 109: 104: 49: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4306: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4112:Kohno Michisei 4106: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4072:Hodaka Yoshida 4069: 4064: 4062:Kanae Yamamoto 4059: 4057:Sadao Watanabe 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4032:Kiichi Okamoto 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4012:Shikō Munakata 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3992:Senpan Maekawa 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3952:Azechi Umetarō 3940: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3931:Yamakawa Shūhō 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3896:Natori Shunsen 3893: 3891:Kojima Gyokuhō 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3853: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3811:Kikukawa Eizan 3808: 3803: 3798: 3796:Sugimura Jihei 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3621:Utagawa school 3618: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3594:Torii Kiyonaga 3591: 3589:Torii Kiyohiro 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3554:Torii Kiyomoto 3546: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3507:Ryūkōsai Jokei 3501: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3462:Yoshida Hanbei 3459: 3454: 3449: 3447:Ryūkōsai Jokei 3441: 3440: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3382:Miyagawa Isshō 3379: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3357:Eishōsai Chōki 3354: 3349: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3178:Isoda Koryūsai 3175: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3163:Harukawa Eizan 3157: 3156: 3155: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3143:Chōkōsai Eishō 3140: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3121: 3119: 3111: 3110: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2989:Utagawa school 2986: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2588: 2587:External links 2585: 2584: 2583: 2544: 2543: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2495:Sansom, George 2492: 2481: 2460: 2457: 2453:2012-12-04 at 2428: 2421: 2403: 2397: 2378: 2360: 2343: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2295: 2256: 2240: 2220: 2203:www.aisf.or.jp 2190: 2175: 2150: 2125: 2122:978-4808711016 2105: 2086: 2074: 2046: 2034: 2032:Shinichi Segi. 2015: 2012:978-4800312556 1995: 1993:Mitsui Fdosan. 1983: 1969: 1954: 1935: 1916: 1885: 1856: 1828: 1806: 1799: 1779: 1772: 1751: 1742: 1715: 1676: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1509: 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From series 471:Jippensha Ikku 461:Takizawa Bakin 352: 349: 300:Ise monogatari 229:Tenshō embassy 225:printing-press 208:Hon'ami Kōetsu 173: 170: 108: 105: 103: 100: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4305: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4233:Impressionism 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4175:Nanpin school 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4122:Fujio Yoshida 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4097:Tadashige Ono 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082:Suwa Kanenori 4080: 4078: 4077:Tōshi Yoshida 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Saitō Kiyoshi 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4027:Kōshirō Onchi 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3972:Kitaoka Fumio 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3921:Torii Kotondo 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3906:Ota Masamitsu 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3771:Kanbun Master 3769: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3599:Torii Kotondo 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443:Osaka school 3442: 3438: 3437:Ōoka Shunboku 3435: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363:Kitao school 3362: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3233:Totoya Hokkei 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3218:Katsushika Ōi 3216: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3134:Eishi school 3133: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 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Index


The Great Wave off Kanagawa
Hokusai
Metropolitan Museum of Art
ukiyo-e
Tang dynasty
Edo period
woodcut
printmaking
glazes
Tang dynasty
Empress Kōken
Hyakumantō Darani
Emi Rebellion
Japan
Buddhist
sutras
mandalas
Heian period
underdrawing
Kamakura period
Kyoto
Kamakura

嵯峨本
Noh
Hon'ami Kōetsu
movable type
printing-press
Tenshō embassy

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