Women in Afghanistan

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women's rights would be respected, severe restrictions have been placed on their access to education and work. In some areas, the Taliban forced women to stop working altogether. The Taliban's policy on women's right to work is unclear. Taliban deputy prime minister, Abdul Salam Hanafi, has said that the Taliban are "trying to provide working conditions for women in the sector where they are needed, according to Islamic law". This seems to allow women to work in certain sectors under certain restrictions. Education in lower grades resumed only in classes segregated by gender. In higher grades (7 through 12) and at the university level, classes for girls and women have been suspended. On 27 September, the new chancellor of Kabul University, Mohammad Ashraf Ghairat, announced that women were not allowed to return to university to either study or work. The Taliban cited security concerns as the reason for these measures, however, did not specify under which conditions girls would be allowed to return to school. A spokesman for the Taliban claims that they are "working on mechanisms to provide transportation and other facilities that are required for a safer and better educational environment", this same statement was used in 2001 when they took over the first time. This problem didn't have a solution in 2001 and it seems to not have a solution in 2021. Other than the restrictions placed on the access to education and work, women aren't allowed to leave the home without a male family member. This started when the Taliban had begun invading Afghanistan even before the withdrawal of the U.S. in communities such as Helmand where they ordered the local women to not leave their houses otherwise there would have been consequences. Freedom of movement may be restricted to protect "national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedom of others". However, history indicates that these security concerns are only excuses to restrict women's rights.

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department, elected to Parliament along with three other women, employed in airlines, private corporations, and this was the era that Universities graduated female doctors from Universities of Afghanistan. In fact, in 1964 with the third Constitution, it was allowed for women to enter elected politics and by giving them the right to vote. Women’s issues were once again given some consideration. Prime Minister Mohammad Daoud did not want to repeat the haste and mistakes of his predecessor Amanullah and declared veiling a “voluntary option”. By now women were expected once again to abandon the veil, marriage expenses were curtailed, and women were encouraged to contribute to the economy. This continued until 1973 when Daoud Khan seized power in a coup. The coup was bloodless and gender issues in this time took another feature. With the purge of national and progressive elements from state positions Mohammad Daoud, desperately struggled to hide the real nature of his wishes and anti-democratic and anti-national objectives behind some progressive sentences. Through this period, women got more freedom than at any other time; right to education and to work, the possibility of joining political parties officially, and becoming representatives of the people in parliament.

5475: 5831: 5871: 5593: 4003:), the first school for girls (Masturat School in 1920), the first theatre for women in Paghman and the first hospital for women (the Masturat Hospital in 1924). Queen Soraya set an example for the abolition of gender segregation by appearing with her husband, famously removing her veil in public, and her example was followed by others. The king declared that the veil was optional, permitted Western clothes in Kabul and reserved certain streets for men and women wearing modern clothes. In 1928, Amanullah sent fifteen female graduates of the Masturat middle school, daughters of the royal family and government officials, to study in Turkey. Soraya Tarzi was the only woman to appear on the list of rulers in Afghanistan, and was credited with having been one of the first and most powerful Afghan and Muslim female activists. 5605: 348: 101: 5684: 5855: 4197:

the union. Although the code granted men the exclusive right to divorce, it allowed women to seek divorce under specific conditions. A woman could file for divorce if her husband had an incurable disease, refused or was unable to provide financial support, was imprisoned for an extended period, secretly married another woman, or treated her with cruelty. Regarding child custody, the code stipulated that a divorced mother could retain custody of a boy until the age of 7 and a girl until the age of 9. The court could extend this period by two years if it was in the best interest of the child. Furthermore, President Daoud established a Family Court and appointed women judges in Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Kunduz.

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the health audit and enumeration in Afghanistan. They also used the repetition dispensation resolution to determine the subject’s basic sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of violence. Many Afghan women report having been the victim of physical, spiritual, or sexual insults by their romantic partners. Physical violence accounts for the majority in Afghanistan. Also, possessing a respondent or husband with at least a primary education was associated with the lowest level of reporting violence. Afghan women have a high incidence of IPV backstory, and several sociodemographic parameters, such as conflicts in Afghanistan and level of education, make them more susceptible.

4878: 5307: 4551:, a preventable childbirth injury in which prolonged labor creates a hole in the birth canal, were younger than 16 when they married. In 2013, the United Nations published statistics showing a 20% increase in violence against women, often due to domestic violence being justified by conservative religion and culture. In February 2014, Afghanistan passed a law that includes a provision that limits the ability of government to compel some family members to be witnesses to domestic violence. Human Rights Watch described the implementation of the 2009 Law on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as "poor," noting that some cases were ignored. 5739: 4994: 5700: 5801: 4023: 329: 3984:, who ruled from 1919 to 1929 and made some of the more noteworthy changes in an attempt to unify as well as modernize the country. He promoted freedom for women in the public sphere in order to lessen the control that patriarchal families exerted over women. King Amanullah stressed the importance of female education. Along with encouraging families to send their daughters to school, he promoted the unveiling of women and persuaded them to adopt a more western style of dress. In 1921, he created a law that abolished forced marriage, child marriage, and bride price, and put restrictions on 5005: 5712: 5672: 4205:

improve the situation of Afghan women. The objectives of the WCC included collecting data on the issues faced by women in different sectors, identifying the causes of illiteracy and implementing appropriate literacy programs, raising awareness about women's social rights and roles as citizens and mothers, promoting the principle of equal rights for men and women, campaigning against polygamy, amending laws to include women's civil rights, publishing materials on Afghan women's struggle for equal rights and the works of women writers, and providing legal aid to women in need.

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study shows how some religious beliefs prevent women in the village districts from employment. The research shows how civilization and beliefs can still affect many Afghan women living in village districts. The study makes the case that despite notable advancements in the work landscape for Afghan women residing in urban regions as a result of the US-led intervention, service disparities continue to affect Afghan women in villages. The norms of society are the root cause of the obstacles Afghan women in village districts face in obtaining economic prosperity.

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still prevalent in rural areas, such as the bride price, and raised the age of consent to marriage for girls to sixteen. In rural Afghanistan, gender seclusion was a strong part of local culture. To attend school girls would have to leave home, and school was therefore seen as a deeply dishonorable thing. The policy of compulsory schooling for girls as well as boys was met with a strong backlash from the conservative rural population, and contributed to the resistance against the Soviets and the Communist regime by the

5648: 376: 4145: 42: 5038: 5636: 5381: 4363:"Women need not leave their homes at all, unless absolutely necessary, in which case, they are to cover themselves completely; are not to wear attractive clothing and decorative accessories; do not wear perfume; their jewelry must not make any noise; they are not to walk gracefully or with pride and in the middle of the sidewalk; are not to talk to strangers; are not to speak loudly or laugh in public; and they must always ask their husbands’ permission to leave home." 5894: 87: 4466: 11371: 10250: 3946: 11381: 10260: 5727: 4457:

except for prayer and work. However, additional rules targeting women, leave them terrified, impoverished, deprived of access to education and healthcare, and emotionally or physically sick. Growing amounts of information and news from Afghanistan and Pakistan show that the Taliban misrepresents the teaching of Islam. Because most of them are unaware of and misunderstand the actual value of women, they support a government where terror exists.

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School' to prevent any opposition to it. While women were again forced to be veiled in public, unveiling had become accepted in private among the Afghan upper class, and it was noted that upper-class women were met at the Kabul International Airport by servants running up to the stairs of the airplane to deliver a chadar (veil) upon their arrival to Kabul from abroad, since they had not used it during their stay abroad.

4109:. When the clerics could not find such a passage, the Prime Minister declared that the female members of the Royal Family would no longer wear veils because the Islamic law did not demand it. While the chadri was never banned, the example of the Queen and the Prime Minister's wife was followed by the wives and daughters of government officials as well as by other urban women of the upper class and middle class, with 4634:, which leaves only the eyes uncovered). The decree said enforcement action including fines, prison time, or termination from government employment would be taken against male "guardians" who fail to ensure their female relatives abide by the law. Rights groups, including the United Nations Mission in Afghanistan, sharply criticized the decision. The decision is expected to adversely affect the 4686:

post-marriage relationships, their ability to assert their economic and social independence is limited by their families. Most married Afghan women are faced with the stark reality that they are forced to endure abuse. If they try to extricate themselves from the situation of abuse, they invariably face social stigma, social isolation, persecution for leaving their homes by the authorities and

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Taliban resorted to firing gunshots into the air and assaulting multiple demonstrators to disband the crowd. In a separate incident in Kabul, they not only assaulted but also detained protesters, including several women and up to 15 journalists. Such actions by the Taliban severely curtail the freedom of assembly and stand in violation of the International Bill of Human Rights.

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instable political situation in which different Islamic parties fought one another for domination, women in Kabul were abducted from their homes, jobs and offices and subjected to various forms of abuse by rivaling Mujahidin groups. Many educated women and professional women were abducted and killed because the Mujahidin considered their minds to have been poisoned.

9511: 5449:, when Tahimina Kohistani represented Afghanistan in the women's 100-meter sprint. She did not win the competition, but she saw it as a way to publicly show the conditions in her home nation. Another important figure was Awista Ayub, who funded the Afghan Youth Sports Exchange and was responsible for the spread of women's football throughout all of Afghanistan. 4359:

restrictions imposed when the Islamic State was established were "the ban of alcohol and the enforcement of a sometimes-purely-symbolic veil for women". On 27 August 1993, the Government Office of Research and Decrees of the Supreme Court issued an order to government agencies and state functionaries to dismiss all women in their employ, and further decreed:

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most likely to be affected such as women and girls and vulnerable citizens. Since the takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban in August 2021, the UN has reported a plethora of human rights violations committed by the Taliban, with their virtual erasure and systematic oppression of women and girls from society being particularly egregious.

4156:(WWA), the majority of women continued to be excluded from these opportunities, as these reforms had little effect outside of the cities and mainly concerned urban elite women. The countryside was a deeply patriarchal, tribal society, and the lives of rural women were not affected by the change taking place in the cities. 5616: 5559:. Proponents of baad claim that it helps prevent enmity and violence between families, although the women themselves are sometimes subjected to a considerable amount of violence both before and after their marriages into families through baad. The practice of baad is technically illegal in Afghanistan. 5329:

was opened to girls in 1947 and by 1973 there were an estimated 150,000 girls in schools across Afghanistan. Unfortunately, marriage at a young age added to the high drop out rate but more and more girls were entering professions that were once viewed as only being for men. Women were being given new

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The Taliban has made harsh regulations and carried out persecution of women since it took over Afghanistan in September 1996. It has become normal for young bullies to be armed with guns and carry out formal retribution and immediate flogging under the name of Islam. They believe everything is Haram,

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During the Taliban's five-year rule, women in Afghanistan were essentially put under house arrest, and often forced to paint their windows over so that no one could see in or out. Some women who once held respectable positions were forced to wander the streets in their burqas, selling everything they

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President Daoud also made efforts to develop the female human resource pool by encouraging women to enroll in higher education institutions and pursue careers in the public and private sectors. Women were not only elected to both houses of the parliament but also recruited in the judiciary, academia,

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In the last decade, Afghan women have participated in futsal, football, basketball, skiing and various other sports. In 2015, Afghanistan held its first marathon; among those who ran the entire marathon was one woman, Zainab, age 25, who thus became the first Afghan woman to run in a marathon within

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Prejudice is a widespread problem in Afghanistan. One study focuses on gender prejudice in the workplace since it is thought to be particularly significant and warrants quick actions by the community. It synthesizes the available data about methods to improve working conditions for Afghan women. The

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However, even the women that are given the opportunity to have careers have to struggle to balance their home life with their work life, as household tasks are seen as primarily female duties. Since the Afghan economy is weak, very few women can afford to hire domestic helpers, so they are forced to

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In terms of percentage, women rank high in the fields of medicine and media, and are slowly working their way into the field of justice. Because women are still highly encouraged to consult a female physician when they go to the hospital, nearly fifty percent of all Afghans in the medical profession

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The most common type of violence against women worldwide is intimate relationship violence or IPV. For more than 40 years, violence against women in Afghanistan has coincided with high conflicts. When examining many Afghan women who have ever been married on and off, we can see how they responded to

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In 2021, amidst numerous peaceful demonstrations, the Taliban employed violent tactics against women to quash dissent. For instance, in their efforts to break up protests, they have wielded batons, whips, and live ammunition, resulting in both injuries and fatalities. During a rally in Faizabad, the

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In March 2012, President Karzai endorsed a "code of conduct" which was issued by the Ulema Council. Some of the rules state that "women should not travel without a male guardian and should not mingle with strange men in places such as schools, markets and offices." Karzai said that the rules were in

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to the bride's family. The price is negotiated only among the parents. The bride price is viewed as compensation for the money that the bride's family has had to spend on her care and upbringing. In almost 50% of cases, the bride is younger than 18 and in 15% of marriages, the bride is younger than

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The new Taliban interim cabinet does not include any women as either ministers or deputy ministers. The Ministry of Women's Affairs has been abolished. In mid-September 2021, the Mayor of Kabul stated that "virtually every municipal city job held by women would be re-filled by men". The protests by

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aired a 1980s song by pop idol Salma, the first time state television aired a female singer in over a decade. This provoked criticism from conservative figures. The Supreme Court raised an objection to the state broadcaster which resisted the pressure, claiming the backing of the government and the

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In 1975, to commemorate "Women's Year," President Daoud established the Women's Coordinating Committee (WCC) called Kumita-e- Ensijam-e-Zanan. The WCC aimed to elevate the status of Afghan women and facilitate their participation in public life. It collaborated with various women's organizations to

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When this was met with no riots, the government decided it was time for the very controversial step of unveiling. In 1959, women employed by the state, such as radio announcers, were asked to come to their work places without the veil, instead wearing a loose coat, scarf and cloves; after that, the

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Afghan sportswomen have become a symbol of change for many in Afghanistan, representing hope for a more egalitarian society with greater opportunities for girls and women. For a young sportswoman to succeed, she needs not only to excel in her field, but also to navigate family pressures and social

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Afghan women obtain education in Kazakhstan within the Kazakh-Afghan state educational programme sponsored by the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan attaches great importance to empowering women and strengthening stability in Afghanistan. In September 2018, Kazakhstan reached an agreement with the

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from working in national and international aid groups. This move was noted by several international organizations. NGOs ceased their activities. The UN humanitarian chief Martin Griffiths, said that he was waiting for a list of guidelines from the Taliban officials that would allow Afghan women to

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The conservative rural population came to regard the urban population as degenerate partially because of the female emancipation, in which urban women mixed with men and participated in public life unveiled, and education for women, and by extension women's rights in general, came to be associated

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In 1977, President Daoud introduced a civil code that included a comprehensive family law. The code specified a minimum age of 16 for girls and 18 for boys for marriage, granting both men and women the right to choose their spouses. It also permitted couples to marry even if their families opposed

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On 12 August 2022, the UN human rights experts urged the international community to take stringent actions to protect Afghans from human rights violations including arbitrary detention, summary executions, internal displacement, and unlawful restrictions on their human rights, in particular those

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In August 2021, the Taliban returned to power and established a new all-male government. The interim government has not been recognized internationally, since the international community linked recognition to respect for women's and minority rights. Despite repeated assurances by the Taliban that

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Because most teachers had been women before the Taliban regime, the new restrictions on women's employment created a huge lack of teachers, which put an immense strain on the education of both boys and girls. Although women were banned from most jobs, including teaching, some women in the medical

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The communist government's ideological enforcement of female emancipation in the rural areas took the form of enforced literacy campaigns for women and compulsory schooling for girls, which was heavily resisted in particularly the Pashtun tribal areas. The Communists abolished patriarchal customs

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and the right to run for office. In the cities, women were able to appear unveiled, serve in public office and hold jobs as scientists, teachers, doctors, and civil servants, and they had a considerable amount of freedom with significant educational opportunities. Afghanistan had its first female

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and universities, making Afghanistan the only country to prohibit females from studying beyond the sixth grade. Women are not allowed in parks, gyms, or beauty salons. They are forbidden from going outside for a walk or exercise, from speaking or showing any part of their face or body outside the

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As customs and traditions which are influenced by centuries-old patriarchal rules prevail, the issue of violence against women becomes pronounced. The high illiteracy rate among the population further perpetuates the problem. A number of women across Afghanistan believe that it is acceptable for

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In reality however this decree remained on paper only, since the government did not have enough control of the country to implement their desired policy. Women, thus, remained in the workplace despite the decree and the liberal provisions of the 1964 constitution were largely upheld. During the

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During his tenure as Prime Minister from 1953 to 1963, Sardar Mohammad Daoud implemented several progressive policies and laws to support women's rights in Afghanistan. He actively encouraged women to take part in public offices and introduced female staff members in various institutions such as

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The Mujahideen had viewed the Communist regime as godless and anti Islamic partially because of the women's emancipation supported by the Communist policy, and when in power, their goal was to abolish the freedom women had enjoyed during the Communist regime in order to Islamicize society. The

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During the Communist era, women's rights were supported by both the Afghan government as well as by the Soviets who supported them. In contrast to what had been the case during the monarchy, when women's rights had been restricted to urban elite women, the Communists attempted to extend women's

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acted more cautiously, but nevertheless worked for the moderate and steady improvement of women's rights Women were allowed to take classes at the Masturat Women's Hospital in Kabul in 1931, and some girls' schools were reopened; the first High School for girls was officially called a 'Nursing

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During the Taliban regime, many women who had previously been teachers began secretly giving an education to young girls (as well as some boys) in their neighborhoods, teaching from ten to sixty children at a time. The homes of these women became community homes for students, and were entirely

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In October 2019, Kazakhstan, the EU and the UNDP launched an education programme to train and educate several dozen Afghan women in Kazakh universities over the next five years. As of 2019, almost 900 graduates of Kazakhstan's programme serve in top positions in the Afghan president's office,

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Each day young girls would hide all their school supplies, such as books, notebooks and pencils, underneath their burqas to go to school. At these schools, young females were taught basic literary skills, numeracy skills, and various other subjects such as biology, chemistry, English, Quranic

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From infancy, girls and women are under the authority of their fathers or husbands. Their freedom of movement is restricted since they are children and their choice of husbands is also restricted. Women and girls are deprived of education and denied economic liberty. In their pre-marriage and

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Mohammad Daoud Khan had initiated the work of the liberation of women long before the foundation of the Republic in 1973, when he was prime minister of the king. The 1940s and 1950s saw women becoming nurses, doctors and teachers and civil servants. The first woman Minister was in the health

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In addition to these efforts, Daoud aimed to extend women's emancipation beyond the capital city of Kabul. For instance, during his visit to Kandahar, he urged the wives of civil service personnel and other women to abandon the veil. Unfortunately, there were instances of opposition to these

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Afghanistan transitioned into a Republic in July 1973 following a coup led by former Prime Minister Mohammad Daoud Khan, who ousted King Zahir Shah. Daoud, a liberal nationalist, assumed the role of President and immediately expressed his intention to dismantle unjust patriarchal and feudal

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as Prime Minister in 1953, social reforms giving women a more public presence were encouraged. One of his aims was to break free from the ultra-conservative, Islamist tradition of treating women as second-class citizens. During his time, he made significant advances towards modernization.

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Many family members, especially men, wonder whether women should be involved in sports. Some girls have taken up sports in secret, unbeknownst to their families. For some families, sport is seen as inappropriate and even dishonorable for women, but not all families create these obstacles.

3965:, who banned some forms of oppression originating from tribal customs rather than Islam, among them the custom of forcing widows to marry their brothers-in-law, and enforced some rights which Islam did approve of but local tribal customs did not, such as the right of widows to inherit. 4537:

by militants for allegedly defying Taliban diktats. She was married to an Afghan businessman and had recently relocated to Afghanistan. Earlier she had escaped two instances of execution by the Taliban in 1995 and later fled to India. Her account of the escape became a Bollywood film,

4250:, was a period of unprecedented equality for women in Afghanistan. The Communist ideology officially advocated gender equality and women's rights, and the communist government sought to implement it - though without success - on all classes throughout both urban and rural Afghanistan. 5330:

opportunities to earn better lives for both themselves and their families. However, after the civil war and the takeover by the Taliban, women were stripped of these opportunities and sent back to lives where they were to stay at home and be controlled by their husbands and fathers.

4014:. The Women's Association as well as the women's magazine was banned, the girls 'schools were closed, the female students who had been allowed to study in Turkey was recalled to Afghanistan and forced to put on the veil and enter purdah again, and polygamy for men was reintroduced. 5562:

Under the Afghan law, "if a woman seeks a divorce then she has to have the approval of her husband and needs witnesses who can testify in court that the divorce is justified." The first occurrence in which a woman divorced a man in Afghanistan was the divorce which was initiated by

8684: 9075: 8366:"OHCHR | Statement by the Special Rapporteur on violence against women finalizes country mission to Afghanistan and calls for sustainable measures to address the causes and consequences of violence against women, including at the individual, institutional and structural level" 4524:

and that the code of conduct was written in consultation with Afghan women's group." Rights organizations and women activists said that by endorsing this code of conduct, Karzai was endangering "hard-won progress in women's right since the Taliban fell from power in 2001".

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writes: "The Taliban often argued that the brutal restrictions they placed on women were actually a way of revering and protecting the opposite sex. The behavior of the Taliban during the six years they expanded their rule in Afghanistan made a mockery of that claim."

5188:. Of the number of Afghans employed in the agriculture field or similar occupations, about 30 percent of them are women. In some areas in Afghanistan, women may spend as much time working on the land as men do, but still often earn three times less than men in wages. 4590:. According to the new law signed by president Ghani in September 2020, Afghan women were allowed to include their names on their children's birth certificates and identification cards. This law served as a major victory for Afghan women's rights activists, including 4105:. A group of Islamic clerics sent a letter of protest to the Prime minister to protest and demand that the words of sharia be respected. The Prime minister answered by inviting them to the capital and present proof to him that the holy scripture indeed demanded the 4093:

foreign wives, and daughters of foreign born wives, were asked to venture out on the streets in the same way, and in this way, women without the veil were started to be seen in the streets of Kabul. In August 1959, on the second day of the festival of Jeshyn, Queen

4423:. Pakistani Pashtuns also joined the group. The Taliban declared that women were forbidden to go to work and that they were not to leave their homes unless accompanied by a male family member. When they did go out, they were required to wear an all-covering 8878:

She is one of five pilot trainees in UPT Class 12-03 — the class has months of training ahead prior to receiving their wings and will graduate next summer. She has received accolades from the Afghan public and is viewed as a positive role model for Afghan

5830: 4842:. Of the reported honor killings, 21% of them were committed by the victims' husbands, 7% of them were committed by their brothers, 4% of them were committed by their fathers, and the rest of them were committed by other relatives of the victims. 3960:

Some Afghan rulers have attempted to increase women's freedom. For the most part, these attempts were unsuccessful. However, there were a few leaders who were able to make some significant, if temporary, changes. Some limited reforms were made by

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relationships between husbands and wives. He emphasized women's right to self-determination and pledged equality between men and women before the law, as well as universal and free primary education for all children, regardless of their gender.

6324: 5567:, who divorced her husband in 1927. This event was considered unique at the time when it occurred, but it was an exception, because Rora Asim Khan was a foreign citizen, who obtained her divorce with the assistance of the German embassy. 5318:

In the early twentieth century, education for women was extremely rare due to the lack of schools for girls. Occasionally girls were able to receive an education on the primary level but they never moved past the secondary level. During

4682:. Violence against women is widely tolerated by the community, and it is widely practiced in Afghanistan. Violence against women in Afghanistan ranges from verbal abuse and psychological abuse to physical abuse and unlawful killing. 10215: 5870: 5542:

are reported in Afghanistan. After a marriage is arranged, the two families sign a contract which both parties are socially and culturally obligated to honor. Among low-income families, it is common for the groom to pay a

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modernization initiatives in isolated areas, resulting in violent acts against women who did not wear veils. However, the government remained steadfast in its commitment and punished the perpetrators by imprisoning them.

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Of 320 parliamentary seats, 63 are held by women; 68,000 Afghan women are school and university instructors. And another 6,000 serve as judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, police and soldiers, according to SIGAR's

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Women are threatened to stop partaking in sport activities. Threats often take the form of warnings to women athletes to stop their sport altogether, or to make changes such as in their clothing while playing sports.

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A 33-year-old Afghan woman was attacked by three people while she was on her way from work to her home. She was shot and stabbed in her eyes with a knife. The woman survived the attack, but she lost her eyesight. The

10225: 9491: 4619: 4396: 7494: 5323:'s reign (1933–1973) education for women became a priority and young girls began being sent to schools. At these schools, girls were taught discipline, new technologies, ideas, and socialization in society. 4528:

The overall situation for Afghan women improved during the 2000s, particularly in major urban areas, but those living in rural parts of the country still faced many problems. In 2013, a female Indian author

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Afghanistan’s women’s cricket team captain, Diana Barakzai, cites the challenges to involving girls in sport, including that women “are victims of unacceptable rules that prevented them leaving the house".

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society where it is commonly believed that elder men are entitled to make decisions for their families. A man can divorce his wife without the need for her agreement, whereas the opposite is not the case.

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Aryana Afghan Airline, the Tele-Communication department, and other organizations. Daoud also promoted the voluntary unveiling of women, emphasizing their freedom to choose whether or not to wear veils.

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field were allowed to continue working. This is because the Taliban required that women could be treated only by female physicians. Additionally widows without income were permitted to seek employment.

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In 2009, the Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) was signed into law. The EVAW was created by multiple organizations which were assisted by prominent women's rights activists in Kabul (namely

4312:, most women were active at the low and the middle level of party hierarchy rather than the top. During the Communist regime, thousands of urban women were recruited to the cadres and militias of the 4089:; by employing forty girls to the government pottery factory, women as receptionists and telephone operators in the state Tele-Communications agency, and air hostesses at the Aryana Airlines in 1958. 256:. There is an increase in the number of suicides among women and sexual crimes targeted at women are at peak after the takeover of Taliban in 2021. Many women have left the country to places such as 9306: 6296: 5577:

Up until 17 September 2020, Afghan law dictated that only the father's name should be recorded on identification cards. President Ashraf Ghani signed into law an amendment which was long sought by

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had all-female anchors as well as female producers. As women are given more opportunities in education and the workforce, more of them are turning towards careers in medicine, media, and justice.

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also had over a hundred women in employment. In February 2021, Kam Air operated the first flight with an all-female crew, including an Afghan pilot, in a domestic flight from Kabul to Herat.

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However, Queen Soraya, along with her husband's, advocacy of social reforms for women led to a protest and contributed to the ultimate demise of her and her husband's reign in 1929. King

3995:, wife of King Amanullah, made rapid reforms to improve women's lives and their position in the family, marriage, education and professional life. She founded the first women's magazine ( 10189: 571: 5592: 4766:

while they are accessing government assistance, health care and schools. The report also detailed everyday barriers which women and girls face in one of the world's poorest countries.

2562: 483: 4257:, gave equal rights to women. This gave them the theoretical ability to choose their husbands and careers. The women's emancipation policy of the government were supported by the 10230: 5474: 10174: 6986: 5456:

In 2018, Samira Ashgari became the first Afghan appointed to the International Olympic Committee, and at 25 years old she was one of the youngest members in Afghan IOC history.

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The Prime Minister prepared women's emancipation carefully and gradually. He began in 1957 by introducing women workers at the Radio Kabul; by appointing women delegates to the

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for females is merely 24.2%. There are around 9 million students in the country. Of this, about 60% are males and 40% females. Over 174,000 students are enrolled in different

4324:, the Islamic guerillas, and there was a concern among urban women that the reactionary fundamentalists would topple the Communist regime and the women's rights it protected. 9350: 5683: 5854: 5184:

overwhelmed with massive unemployment, women often cannot find work where they receive sufficient pay. One area of the economy where women do play a significant role is in

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campaigners since a campaign which garnered high-profile support from celebrities and members of parliament was launched three years ago under the hashtag #WhereIsMyName.

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started a bombardment campaign against the Islamic State in Kabul. During the violent four-year civil war, a number of women were kidnapped, and some of them were raped.

4304:, female emancipation was a part of the regime's policy and was introduced mainly to benefit the party rather for any humanist principle. With a few exceptions, such as 4571: 237:

home, or even from singing or reading from within their own homes if they could be heard by strangers outside. In extreme cases, women have reportedly been subjected to

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The discrimination against women and systematic segregation in Afghanistan under the Taliban has been termed as "gender apartheid" by organizations such as the UN and

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The Taliban are still opposed to education for Afghan boys and girls. They are burning down schools, killing students and teachers by all kinds of means, including

8316: 5659: 5237:. This development holds great significance, considering the region's long-standing volatility, which has posed challenges for aid agencies operating in the area. 4050:

modernization reforms were seen as necessary by the government, which resulted in the resurrection of a state women's movement. In 1946 the government-supported

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take care of all the household work primarily on their own. Those who choose to work must labour twice as hard because they are essentially holding two jobs.

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in August 2021, Taliban militants killed an Afghan woman because she was wearing tight clothing and because she was not being accompanied by a male relative.

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noted in 2017 that the country had slowly but steadily liberalized over the years, helped by the more progressive politics by the president of Afghanistan,

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While it is legal for male citizens to marry foreign non-Muslims, it is illegal for female citizens to do so, and Afghan law considers all Afghan citizens

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games due to the oppression of women and various abuses of human rights. The apex of women's athletics in Afghanistan may have come during the 2012 London

488: 229: 10754: 5233:(NRC) has received permission to resume its humanitarian operations in the southern part of Kandahar, which is widely regarded as the birthplace of the 9241: 7944: 4575: 3851: 605: 8606: 8472: 8001: 6201: 4635: 4317: 4258: 9542: 9438: 9412: 9386: 17: 8729: 8554: 4987: 4846: 1923: 5699: 7226: 232:

in 2021, the Taliban gradually imposed restrictions on women's freedom of movement, education, and employment. Women are banned from studying in

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imposed by patriarchal customs. While this was the case in all Afghanistan, the customs differed somewhat between regions and ethnic groups.

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All the people of Afghanistan, both women and men, without discrimination and privilege, have equal rights and obligations before the law.

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Afghanistan Quarterly Journal. Establishment 1946. Academic Publication of the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan. Serial No: 32 & 33

5338:

Studies, cooking, sewing, and knitting. Many women involved in teaching were caught by the Taliban and persecuted, jailed, and tortured.

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denied allegations and said that the attack was carried out on her father's order, as he vehemently opposed her working outside of home.

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police, and armed forces. These steps contributed to a gradual change in society's perception of women's presence in the public sphere.

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was formed, which included women like in pre-1990s Afghanistan. Under the new constitution of 2004, 27 percent of the 250 seats in the

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their husbands to abuse them. Reversing this general acceptance of abuse was one of the main reasons behind the creation of the EVAW.

4010:'s deposition caused a severe backlash, and his successor reinstated the veil and repelled the reforms in women's rights, reinforcing 10455: 8435: 7606: 6011: 4335:

and around 230,000 girls studying in schools around Afghanistan. There were around 190 female professors and 22,000 female teachers.

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U.S. Congressional Research Service, "Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action: September 11, 2020 – August 12, 2021"

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refused to recognize the Taliban government, with the United States imposing heavy sanctions, leading to extreme economic hardship.

3895:, who became noted as poets and writers, which was an art form possible for a woman to perform while living in the seclusion of the 9581:

In Afghanistan, girls can marry at the age of 16, or they can marry at the age of 15 with permission from their fathers or a judge.

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The most popular traditional work for women in Afghanistan is tailoring, and a large percentage of the population are professional

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for the first time, an achievement that is seen as a “sign of progress for a country once notorious for the oppression of women”.

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and run by a staff of eight women. The AWC had around 150,000 members and offices in nearly all the provinces. The AWC provided

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as patron, giving school classes for girls and vocational classes to women, and from 1950-51 women students were accepted at the

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Ismati, Masoma. ( 1987), The position and role of Afghan women ·in Afghan society, from the late 18th to the 19th century; Kabul

4807:

condemned the massive unemployment of women, the restrictions placed on the way they dress, and their access to basic services.

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Ismati, Masoma. (1987), The position and role of Afghan women ·in Afghan society, from the late 18th to the 19th century; Kabul

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of four official wives as well as a large number of unofficial wives for the sake of tribal marriage diplomacy, in addition to

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are women. The number of women having professions in the media is also rising. It was reported in 2008 that nearly a dozen of

4594:, who campaigned under the social media hashtag #WhereIsMyName, for several years for both the parents' names to be included. 10470: 9605: 8254: 7739: 7278: 7036: 6898: 6690: 6640: 5964: 4493: 4328: 2971: 2530: 2371: 2217: 1419: 410: 347: 8529: 4446:

commanders engaged in human trafficking, abducting women and selling them into forced prostitution and slavery in Pakistan.

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The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah’s Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami (trans.,ann.)

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women that followed these announcements, especially in Kabul, have been met with violence by the Taliban security forces.

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government ministries, the border guards and police, while others work as respected doctors, engineers and journalists.

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is a part of a 21-member team which is charged with representing the Afghan government in upcoming peace talks with the

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has gradually improved in the last decade but much more has to be done to bring it to the international standard. The

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of roughly 34 million. Of these, 15 million are male and 14.2 million are female. About 22% of the Afghan people are

31: 8116: 7452: 6147: 5349:(NDS) "in connection with the serial anti-school attacks in northern Afghanistan." The NDS believes that Pakistan's 1020: 10759: 10719: 10581: 10430: 10289: 10024: 10019: 9914: 9844: 9696:

Rora Asim Khan (Aurora Nilsson): Anders Forsberg och Peter Hjukström: Flykten från harem, Nykopia, Stockholm 1998.

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her own country. In 2004, three years after the fall of the Taliban regime, Afghanistan sent women athletes to the

5353:

was behind the idea. During the same period, Pakistan has been refusing to deliver Afghan bound school text books.

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financed and managed by women. News about these secret schools spread through word of mouth from woman to woman.

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talks which started in 1987. It is claimed that in 1991 around seven thousand women were in the institution of

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European Union that the EU would contribute two million euros to train and educate Afghan women in Kazakhstan.

4511:

It took many years for public perception of women to recover following years of Taliban rule. In January 2004,

4153: 4051: 2780: 2616: 2415: 2207: 1862: 1828: 1737: 1205: 518: 8771: 8685:"Intimate partner violence among ever-married Afghan women: patterns, associations and attitudinal acceptance" 4773:, a member of Afghanistan's peace negotiating team, was wounded in an assassination attempt near the capital, 11405: 10819: 10739: 10734: 10576: 10561: 10435: 10124: 10079: 10059: 10049: 9949: 6861: 5555:

In certain areas, women and girls are sometimes bartered in a method of dispute resolution which is called a

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have reported that one or two women in Afghanistan are committing suicide every day. UN human rights chief

4622:

published a decree requiring all women in Afghanistan to wear full-body coverings when in public (either a

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The AWC came to symbolize women's rights in the eyes of many, who feared the sacrificing of the AWC in the

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Denise Kindschi Gosselin, Heavy Hands: An introduction to the Crimes of Family Violence, (Pearson, 2010) 7

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working from home. Since the fall of the Taliban, women have returned to work in Afghanistan. Some became

799: 10963: 10910: 10764: 10600: 10551: 10282: 10194: 10129: 10094: 10029: 10009: 9999: 9959: 9944: 9939: 6964: 6802: 6297:"The Observer view on Afghanistan: Britain and the US are complicit in the Taliban's oppression of women" 6006: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5350: 4963: 4877: 4559: 2988: 2626: 2305: 2295: 2265: 2147: 2132: 2122: 1710: 1575: 1570: 1262: 835: 425: 294: 9525: 8996: 4137:

is popularly known as one of the first female Afghan pop singers, becoming well known in the 1960s, and

11095: 10769: 10503: 10154: 10114: 10089: 10069: 10004: 9979: 9969: 9954: 9834: 9818: 9802: 9786: 9770: 6382:"Hundreds of cases of femicide recorded in Afghanistan since Taliban takeover are 'tip of the iceberg'" 4660:

In August 2024, Taliban announced a law banning women from speaking or showing their faces in public.

4497: 4000: 3783: 3373: 2248: 1835: 1123: 420: 341: 9351:"Video address by HRVP Federica Mogherini at the Astana Conference on Empowering Women in Afghanistan" 8794:"Afghan forces could turn guns on Kabul without US air support, cash and troops, among other warnings" 5635: 5306: 5086:, the first Afghan female pilot ever to fly a military helicopter. Other notable Afghan women include 625: 11341: 10330: 10074: 10039: 9994: 9989: 9333:"Kazakhstan's assistance to Afghanistan helps strengthen regional and global security, diplomat says" 7891: 7189: 6016: 5959: 5954: 5230: 4993: 4706: 4675: 4262: 4176:

in 1974-1978, women's rights and equality were upheld, as Article 27 of the 1976 Constitution of the

3161: 2491: 2408: 2060: 1840: 1277: 1081: 1027: 7158:"POLITICS OF POLICY AND LEGISLATION AFFECTING WOMEN IN AFGHANISTAN: ONE STEP FORWARD TWO STEPS BACK" 6926:"POLITICS OF POLICY AND LEGISLATION AFFECTING WOMEN IN AFGHANISTAN: ONE STEP FORWARD TWO STEPS BACK" 5726: 5180:

In 2014, women made up 16.1% of the labor force in Afghanistan. Because the nation has a struggling

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Emadi, Hafizullah, Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2002

5532:, at 5.33 children born/woman as of 2015. Contraception use is low: 21.2% of women, as of 2010/11. 5292: 5255: 5157:

by starting businesses. For example, Meena Rahmani became the first woman in Afghanistan to open a

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Shinwari, Rehana; Wilson, Michael Lowery; Abiodun, Olumide; Shaikh, Masood Ali (2 February 2004).

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Politics of Policy and Legislation Affecting Women in Afghanistan: One Step Forward Two Steps Back

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on a loom in Afghanistan, c. 1939; women have traditionally performed weaving work in the country.

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pilot training program to fly solo in a fixed-wing aircraft, following the footsteps of Colonel

4101:

appeared in the royal box at the military parade unveiled, alongside the Prime Minister's wife,

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Women in Afghanistan worry peace accord with Taliban extremists could cost them hard-won rights

6683:

Women of Afghanistan In The Post-Taliban Era: How Lives Have Changed and Where They Stand Today

5944: 5495: 5207: 5181: 5162: 5060: 4998: 3969: 2966: 2651: 2641: 2577: 2315: 1975: 1882: 1705: 1666: 1555: 1545: 1521: 1499: 1489: 1464: 1454: 1113: 869: 757: 681: 322: 276: 6952: 11255: 11220: 11175: 10920: 10905: 10829: 10824: 10675: 10450: 7453:"History Repeating Itself: The Resurgence of the Taliban and the Abandonment of Afghan Women" 7053: 5166: 5161:

center in Kabul. Many others are employed by companies and small businesses. Some engaged in

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Parts of this article (those related to events after the Taliban return to power) need to be

8890: 7808: 6839: 3930:). Some women had influence over the affairs of state from inside the royal harem, notably 11145: 11140: 10972: 10900: 10519: 10405: 9512:"SPORTS DIPLOMACY IN A CONFLICT ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE FOR CONTINUED EFFORTS IN AFGHANISTAN" 7821: 5529: 5412: 5064: 5048: 4915: 4654: 4602: 4371:

Women began to be more restricted after Hekmatyar was integrated into the Islamic State as

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cabinet ministers in the 1960s and Jameela Farooq Rooshna became the first female judge in

4114: 3688: 3683: 3628: 3578: 3563: 3448: 3338: 3288: 2729: 2690: 2525: 2515: 2501: 2187: 2142: 2112: 2095: 2085: 1933: 1845: 1823: 1715: 1690: 1625: 1469: 1449: 1399: 1252: 1188: 1161: 901: 735: 460: 450: 6517:"Working with Gender in Rural Afghanistan: Experiences from Norwegian-funded NGO projects" 4849:

concluded that the vast majority of the perpetrators of honor killings were not punished.

8: 11325: 11265: 11240: 11155: 11135: 11085: 11055: 11045: 10996: 10895: 10204: 9877: 9496: 9155: 8957: 8231: 7130:"Basic Lines of Revolutionary Duties of Government of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" 5320: 5264: 5044: 4951: 4833: 4747:

reported that violence against women was perpetrated by both state and non-state actors.

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Gender and Women's Studies at Kabul University: A Step Towards Addressing the Gender Gap

6202:"Taliban prohibit university educations for Afghan women in latest revocation of rights" 55:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

11351: 11230: 11225: 11105: 10977: 10525: 10390: 9095: 8633:"In Afghanistan, women take their lives out of desperation, Human Rights Council hears" 8440: 7717: 7501: 7246: 6152: 6021: 5899: 5071: 5019: 5008: 4751: 4567: 4389: 4125: 3877: 3808: 3703: 3663: 3533: 3428: 3393: 3203: 3193: 3118: 3060: 3045: 2896: 2876: 2853: 2705: 2685: 2464: 2192: 2182: 2172: 2157: 2152: 2137: 2090: 2070: 2045: 2010: 2000: 1980: 1877: 1759: 1749: 1650: 1404: 1230: 1096: 978: 691: 652: 405: 9759: 8659:"Afghanistan: UN human rights experts warn of bleak future without massive turnaround" 3887:

Women did not play any public role in society, however there were some women, such as

11380: 11295: 11245: 11200: 11180: 11170: 11070: 10375: 10259: 9697: 9601: 8324: 8290: 8124: 8009: 7976: 7391: 7284: 7059: 7032: 6894: 6888: 6686: 6636: 6630: 6238: 5822: 5578: 5544: 5535: 5498:. The legal age for marriage in Afghanistan is 16. Afghans marry each other based on 5482: 5465: 5360:

began the first master's degree course in gender and women's studies in Afghanistan.

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A 2011 government report found that 25 percent of the women and girls diagnosed with

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Coren, Anna; Sidhu, Sandi; Bina, Abdul Basir; Whiteman, Hilary (18 August 2021).

8177: 8150: 6734: 5979: 5717: 5556: 5539: 5174: 5143: 5087: 5083: 5026: 4943: 4884: 4853: 4558:. They are also permitted to participate in certain international events such as 4448: 4243: 3996: 3763: 3753: 3743: 3718: 3708: 3638: 3618: 3598: 3538: 3478: 3458: 3443: 3398: 3388: 3368: 3303: 3253: 3248: 3233: 3188: 3133: 2948: 2621: 2398: 1806: 1615: 1603: 1409: 1349: 1329: 1287: 1225: 1147: 1037: 983: 941: 879: 874: 840: 752: 706: 9668: 7923: 6409:"Global: Gender apartheid must be recognized as a crime under international law" 4144: 11356: 11275: 11235: 11210: 11190: 11125: 11100: 11090: 11075: 10885: 10814: 10380: 9865:

Afghanistan's First Female Mayor 'Terrified' of What's to Come With the Taliban

9739: 9465:"Feminist Daily News 10/29/2015: Afghan Woman Runs in Country's First Marathon" 8726:

Injustice and Impunity Mediation of Criminal Offences of Violence against Women

8632: 7055:

Women Judges in the Muslim World: A Comparative Study of Discourse and Practice

6274: 6175: 6036: 5877: 5861: 5564: 5210:, said that 30 percent of its workforce were women as of 2020. Private airline 5107: 5012: 4923: 4860: 4759: 4678:

reported that 90% of women in Afghanistan had experienced at least one form of

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termed Afghanistan as the world's most repressive country for women. Since the

225: 124: 9828: 9812: 9796: 9780: 9764: 9237: 9209: 9181: 9149: 9121: 9089: 8982: 7815: 5240: 4427:. Women were denied formal education and were usually forced to stay at home. 11399: 11374: 11195: 11160: 11115: 11110: 11019: 10618: 10370: 10335: 10253: 8935: 8328: 8294: 8128: 8013: 7980: 7926:. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 30 April 2014. 7714:"Afghanistan's pioneering women get behind the wheel to drive through stigma" 7474: 7185: 6242: 6031: 5836:

An Afghan girl receiving treatment from an American medic in Oruzgan Province

5446: 5442: 5435: 5431: 5345:. For example, in June 2012, fifteen suspects were detained by Afghanistan's 5296: 5135: 5115: 5091: 5037: 4983: 4959: 4900: 4839: 4687: 4481: 4301: 4110: 4094: 4055: 3935: 3931: 3823: 3608: 3583: 3518: 3488: 3438: 3433: 3358: 3298: 3268: 3143: 2978: 2848: 2809: 2797: 2775: 2757: 2572: 1479: 1439: 1434: 1344: 1086: 1049: 674: 669: 280: 106: 7353:

War at the Top of the World: The Struggle for Afghanistan, Kashmir and Tibet

7227:

Diasporas and Diplomacy: Cosmopolitan Contact Zones at the BBC World Service

6229:"Taliban ban all Afghan women from university and girls from primary school" 4242:(1978–1987) and the Republic of Afghanistan (1987-1992), which followed the 375: 10355: 9307:"Kabul University unlikely host for first Afghan women's studies programme" 8745:"The Taliban knocked on her door 3 times. The fourth time, they killed her" 8259: 7194: 6760: 6386: 6357: 6329: 6301: 5932: 5222: 5154: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5103: 5095: 4979: 4955: 4935: 4931: 4892: 4838:

In 2012, Afghanistan recorded 240 cases in which women were the victims of

4782: 4770: 4646: 4591: 4587: 4501: 4102: 3992: 3954: 3881: 3108: 2596: 1700: 1630: 1494: 1429: 1424: 1384: 1334: 1091: 1010: 988: 889: 764: 637: 337: 290: 9492:"For Afghan women, competing in the Olympics is only part of the struggle" 9369:"EU, UNDP and Kazakhstan launch education programme to train Afghan women" 11384: 10915: 10485: 10350: 10305: 10263: 8772:"Afghan Police Say Taliban Killed Young Woman For Wearing Tight Clothing" 7555: 7383: 7329:"Afghan Women At the Crossroads : Agents of Peace - or its Victims?" 6468: 5791: 5507: 5185: 5111: 5099: 4967: 4755: 4521: 4485: 4412: 4138: 4130: 3055: 3025: 2802: 1103: 894: 333: 309:, most women are married soon after completing high school. Many live as 238: 217: 9076:"Post-Taliban measures to eliminate gender discrimination in employment" 6987:"Timeline of Women's Rights in Afghanistan | Women, War and Peace | PBS" 5380: 5173:. In 2015, 17-year-old Negin Khpolwak became Afghanistan's first female 4465: 10643: 10638: 10274: 7581: 6613:(2013). Central Asia, No.73. Winter 2013, pp. 1-24, Available at SSRN: 6001: 5690: 5521: 5514: 4947: 4888: 4856:

was beaten to death by Taliban militants and her house was set alight.

4818: 4720:, a 27-year-old Afghan woman was publicly beaten and slain by an angry 4321: 4290: 4274: 3945: 3888: 3138: 3080: 3075: 1660: 1645: 1339: 302: 298: 286: 86: 9854: 9631:. Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. 23 July 2009. 10653: 9822: 9790: 7971: 6233: 5434:

for the first time. Since then, only four women have competed in the

4896: 4582: 4477: 4416: 4224: 4134: 1640: 1635: 713: 310: 306: 8983:"Afghan airlines at risk of collapse, taking women's jobs with them" 7870:"How I became captain of the winning all-girls Afghan robotics team" 6614: 6176:"Afghanistan: Taliban ban women from universities amid condemnation" 4554:

Under Afghan law, females across the country are permitted to drive

109:

of Afghanistan from 1963, depicting an Afghan woman in folk clothing

10930: 10663: 10648: 10623: 9838: 9806: 9774: 9050:"Aid group NRC resumes work with female staff in Taliban heartland" 7770: 6325:"Video appears to show gang-rape of Afghan woman in a Taliban jail" 5991: 5622: 5510: 5206:

have welcomed Afghan women in various roles. The national airline,

5203: 4777:, while she was returning from a visit to the northern province of 4737: 4733: 4443: 4420: 4378: 3985: 3939: 2540: 1414: 1282: 845: 367: 253: 245: 7643:"Indian Author Sushmita Banerjee killed by Taliban in Afghanistan" 6787:

Sisterhood is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology

6761:"A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future" 4631: 4265:(AWC), who sought to implement it. Until 1989, the AWC was led by 10714: 10633: 8844:"Afghanistan's first female U.N. envoy warns over women's rights" 8227:"Taliban orders head-to-toe coverings for Afghan women in public" 8064:"Taliban names deputy ministers, double down on all-male cabinet" 7607:"Hamid Karzai backs clerics' move to limit Afghan women's rights" 7316:

Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan

6953:

Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan

5626: 5549: 5517: 5506:, and tribal association. It is rare to see a marriage between a 5234: 5218: 5211: 5158: 5023: 4794: 4786: 4650: 4620:

Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

4555: 4393: 4285:

rights to all classes of society, also to rural women and girls.

4133:(1969). Women also started appearing in media and entertainment. 3095: 3050: 1076: 249: 221: 10988: 9845:

A Place At The Table: Safeguarding Women's Rights in Afghanistan

9526:"Women, Sports, and Development: Does It Pay to Let Girls Play?" 8997:"Kam Air crew & Josh Cahill win Aviation Achievement Awards" 8351: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8283:"Taliban edict to resume stoning women to death met with horror" 8090:"Evidence contradicts Taliban's claim to respect women's rights" 7209: 4597: 4375:

in 1996. He demanded for women who appeared on TV to be fired.

3988:, a common practice among households in the Afghanistan region. 10668: 10658: 10628: 9023:"Humanitarians Await Taliban 'Guidelines' on Women Aid Workers" 8255:"Taliban order all Afghan women to cover their faces in public" 5571: 5150: 4778: 4698: 4106: 4086: 4011: 3927: 3873: 2611: 9855:

Afghan Khaal or Facial tattoo for women in afghanistan (Khaal)

9569:"Afghanistan Has a Tougher Law on Child Marriage than Florida" 8317:"'Frightening' Taliban law bans women from speaking in public" 8002:"Why Afghan government is pushing more Taliban-style policies" 7664:"Afghanistan: Child Marriage, Domestic Violence Harm Progress" 7531:"'It is time': Afghanistan's female candidates promise change" 7493:

Schulz, John; Schulz, Linda; Schwebel, Milton (1 March 1995).

6965:"Social Education 66(1): Restoring the Rights of Afghan Women" 6121:"UN: Afghanistan is world's most repressive country for women" 5011:

is very popular in Afghanistan. Almost every household owns a

4460: 10724: 9091:

Kabul's American university students defiant despite violence

8581:"Female Afghan peace negotiator wounded in assassination bid" 8342: 5807: 5749: 5745: 5491: 5273: 4774: 4721: 4627: 4623: 4424: 4400: 4027: 3903: 3896: 2545: 2483: 8818: 8473:"Afghan cleric and others defend lynching of woman in Kabul" 7817:

For Afghan women, driving a car brings both fear and freedom

6265:"Taliban order Afghanistan's hair and beauty salons to shut" 10685: 8682: 7766:"Despite The Backlash, Women Take The Wheel In Afghanistan" 6890:

Veiled Threat: The Hidden Power of the Women of Afghanistan

5241:

Working conditions for Afghan women in the village district

4986:. In September 2020, Afghanistan has secured a seat on the 4653:

for women, saying "the Taliban's work did not end with the

4578:

ranks Afghanistan as one of the worst countries for women.

4572:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

4281:

in the secretarial, hairdressing and manufacturing fields.

257: 9830:

DNA Special: 20 Afghan women army officers arrive in India

8555:"Afghanistan: Women with Disabilities Face Systemic Abuse" 7081:"What You Should Know About Women's Rights in Afghanistan" 4216:. RAWA still operates in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. 9814:

Taliban Talks: Afghan women fear losing hard-won freedoms

8749: 8117:"New Taliban Chancellor Bars Women From Kabul University" 7740:"More Women Get Behind the Wheel in Northern Afghanistan" 7692:"In a first, 40 women issued driving licenses in Helmand" 6492: 6269: 5848:

A mother with her children in a village near Charghcharan

4740:. It was later revealed that she did not burn the Quran. 4574:

have expressed concern at women's rights in the country.

8504:"Afghans Protest Brutal Mob Killing of 'Innocent' Woman" 7212:. Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. 5490:

Marriages in Afghanistan are usually in accordance with

4887:

standing with Afghan female politicians, which includes

4415:, most Taliban soldiers were poor villagers educated in 9692: 9690: 9183:

An Introduction: The American University of Afghanistan

8436:"Family of Afghan woman lynched by mob demands justice" 8115:

Engelbrecht, Cora; Hassan, Sharif (27 September 2021).

7280:

Women and revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World

7144:"The Women of Afghanistan: Past and Present Challenges" 5063:, have a growing number of female officers. One of the 3980:

The first reformer to have made significant reform was

3872:

Afghan women customarily lived subjected in a state of

9782:

Army offers rare career opportunities for Afghan women

9675:. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. 26 March 2009 8742: 8151:"Afghanistan: Women beaten for demanding their rights" 7848:"Afghan woman pushes for rights from behind the wheel" 7388:

Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival

6832:"Daoud Khan, Muhammad - Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 6715:

Kabul Carnival: Gender Politics in Postwar Afghanistan

6543: 6541: 6469:"Afghan Population 29.2 Million | Pajhwok Afghan News" 4636:

Islamic Emirate's chances of international recognition

4351:. War in Afghanistan continued into a new phase when 4159: 2508:

Gender representation on corporate boards of directors

9543:"Afghan Sportswomen: Courage, hurdles and harassment" 9439:"Afghan Sportswomen: Courage, hurdles and harassment" 9413:"Afghan Sportswomen: Courage, hurdles and harassment" 9387:"Afghan Sportswomen: Courage, hurdles and harassment" 8958:"Labor force, female (% of total labor force) | Data" 7509:"Women's Rights Our Red Line In Peace Process: Ghani" 7495:"The Darkest of Ages: Afghan Women Under the Taliban" 6148:"Afghanistan: Taliban Tighten Grip 3 Years into Rule" 5950:

Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan

4210:

Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan

9740:"Afghan mothers' names added to children's ID cards" 9687: 9151:

Inside Afghanistan's First Boarding School for Girls

8700:"240 cases of honor killing recorded in Afghanistan" 8416:

Rubin, Alissa J.; Nordland, Rod (10 December 2011).

8281:

Kumar, Ruchi; reporters, Rukhshana (28 March 2024).

8178:"Hardliners get key posts in new Taliban government" 8149:

Limaye, Yogita; Thapar, Aakriti (8 September 2021).

7492: 7052:

Sonneveld, Nadia; Lindbekk, Monika (27 March 2017).

5889: 5665:

1950s Afghanistan - Biology class, Kabul University.

5303:

around the country. About 21% of these are females.

4819:

Serious public violence against women in Afghanistan

9899: 9082: 8201:"Afghan Women Protest Against Taliban Restrictions" 7428:

Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban

6803:"History of education in Afghanistan - Afghanistan" 6538: 6493:Mohammad Jawad Sharifzada, ed. (20 November 2011). 5598:Ladies of the royal harem enjoying an Afghan meal. 5486:

A mother with her children on Mothers' Day in Kabul

4732:. A number of prominent public officials turned to 4709:, the Women's Commission in the Parliament and the 4484:was appointed the first female general director of 9242:United States Agency for International Development 8914:"Afghan Girl Wins Reality Show For The First Time" 8902:In Kabul, a bowling center offers respite from war 8891:Afghan women struggle to make ends meet as tailors 7945:Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security 7625:"Hamid Karzai under fire on Afghan women's rights" 7276: 7245: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 5876:Female vendors at a small bazaar selling items to 4982:is the first-ever female Afghan ambassador to the 4966:. She also served as Minister of Women's Affairs. 4576:Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security 4017: 3949:Afghan women in 1927, during the reform period of 8862:"U.S. training helps Afghan female pilot go solo" 8471:Shalizi, Hamid; Donati, Jessica (20 March 2015). 8114: 7924:"USCIRF Annual Report 2014 – Tier 2: Afghanistan" 7051: 3991:Modern social reform for Afghan women began when 11397: 9669:"Afghan Girls Suffer for Sins of Male Relatives" 9598:Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan 9280:"Afghan students to Pakistan: Release our books" 9230: 8730:United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan 7464: 7462: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6797: 6795: 6758: 5418:taboos which do not favour women playing sport. 4847:United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan 4663: 4379:First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996-2001) 2731:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics 9798:Afghan peace talks: What do Afghan women think? 9467:. Feminist.org. 29 October 2015. Archived from 9277: 9262: 8607:"Afghan woman shot, blinded, for getting a job" 8418:"Four Afghan Men Held in Acid Attack on Family" 8252: 8035:"Afghan Women Win Fight for Their Own Identity" 7243: 7239: 7237: 7235: 6699: 5705:Tribal Afghan women in traditional attire, 1975 5478:A mother with her child in Herat Province, 1939 9643:"Afghan women escape marriage through suicide" 9591: 9589: 8819:US Embassy Kabul Afghanistan (20 March 2011). 8392:"It's Time to Act for Afghan Women: Pass EVAW" 8280: 5610:Afghan ladies in their Purdah dress (Chador). 4318:Democratic Women's Organisation of Afghanistan 4273:to women in Afghanistan, in the fight against 4259:Democratic Women's Organisation of Afghanistan 11004: 10290: 9885: 8470: 8415: 8058: 8056: 7459: 7419: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7309: 7307: 7221: 7219: 7026: 7009: 6814: 6812: 6792: 6780: 6778: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 4606:A burqa-clad woman in Kabul in September 2021 4598:Second Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021-) 4338: 4320:, and trained in military combat against the 3975: 3845: 2416: 9766:DEBATE: Afghan Women’s Role In Peace Process 8315:Kelly, Annie; Joya, Zahra (26 August 2024). 8148: 7582:"Afghan TV Continues Showing Female Singers" 7371:Afghanistan under Soviet Domination, 1964–91 7272: 7270: 7232: 4758:, women with disabilities face all forms of 4219: 3902:The rulers of Afghanistan customarily had a 27:Rights of females in the country Afghanistan 9586: 9489: 9265:"15 held for poisoning schoolgirls: Mashal" 7794:"Number of female drivers doubles in Herat" 7599: 7410: 7382: 7376: 6555: 6553: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 4736:immediately after the death to endorse the 4461:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2001-2021) 11011: 10997: 10297: 10283: 9892: 9878: 9595: 9304: 8053: 7916: 7413:Women in the Middle East: Past and Present 7404: 7358: 7304: 7216: 7202: 6819:Children of Afghanistan: The Path to Peace 6809: 6775: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6566: 5970:Afghanistan women's national football team 5441:In 2000 Afghanistan was expelled from the 5260:History of female education in Afghanistan 4431:owned or begging in order to survive. The 3852: 3838: 2423: 2409: 1303:African-American women's suffrage movement 9619: 9617: 9188:American University of Afghanistan (AUAF) 8821:"Untitled | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" 8314: 7470:"Lifting The Veil On Taliban Sex Slavery" 7425: 7267: 7248:Fundamentalism in comparative perspective 7027:Rostami-Povey, Elaheh (16 October 2007). 6886: 6880: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6624: 6622: 6056:"Labour force participation rate, female" 6012:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries 5975:Afghanistan national women's cricket team 5459: 4873:Ministry of Women's Affairs (Afghanistan) 4866: 4641:In March 2024, Taliban's supreme leader, 3999:, 1922), the first women's organization ( 3968: 321: 10304: 9214:. National Geographic. 21 October 2014. 7678:"Escaping Child Marriage in Afghanistan" 6550: 6427: 6379: 6226: 5481: 5473: 5305: 5279: 5263: 5036: 5018: 5003: 4992: 4876: 4601: 4566:. Human rights organizations, including 4476: 4464: 4388: 4223: 4143: 4021: 3944: 1248:Discrimination against transgender women 346: 327: 10496: 10431:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war 9661: 9256: 9211:Meet a New Generation of Women in Kabul 9073: 9047: 8198: 7912:. Human Rights Watch. 18 December 2014. 7884: 7796:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 30 November 2016 7666:. Human Rights Watch. 4 September 2013. 7252:. Univ of Massachusetts Press. p. 7184: 7178: 6763:. Aletta, Institute for Women's History 6681:Skaine, Rosemarie (23 September 2008). 6486: 6466: 5689:Postage stamp of Afghanistan showing a 4938:. Several women also took positions as 4228:A teacher at a college in Kabul in 1987 14: 11398: 9614: 9547:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 9443:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 9417:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 9391:Afghanistan Analysts Network - English 9271: 8936:"Afghanistan's first female conductor" 8842:Saif, Shadi Khan (24 September 2020). 8698:Zada, Ahmad Shah Ghani (9 June 2013). 8224: 8199:Abbassi, Fereshta (7 September 2021). 7896:. Human Rights Watch. 21 January 2014. 7172:"Afganistan Long war, forgotten peace" 7106:"The constitution of Afghanistan 1976" 6862:"A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan" 6680: 6649: 6628: 6619: 6495:"Afghanistan's population reaches 26m" 6227:Faulkner, Charlie (22 December 2022). 5928:Women in the Parliament of Afghanistan 5268:Female students using the Internet at 4988:U.N. Commission on the Status of Women 4918:in early 2021. Some of these included 4909:large number of Afghan women served as 4645:, announced the group was reinstating 4516:Culture Minister who were in support. 4141:as the first Afghan fashion designer. 4117:known as the first commoner pioneers. 10992: 10278: 9873: 9571:. Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2017 9282:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 9218:from the original on 21 December 2021 9174: 9162:from the original on 21 December 2021 9114: 9102:from the original on 21 December 2021 8501: 7828:from the original on 21 December 2021 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7078: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6118: 5314:during the late 1950s or early 1960s. 5078:became the first female pilot in the 4469:A group of Afghan women visiting the 4124:granted women equal rights including 260:to pursue education and employment. 244:Women face harsh punishments such as 230:US troops withdrawal from Afghanistan 9596:Hafizullah, Emadi (30 August 2002). 9278:Zarghona Salehi, ed. (12 May 2012). 9263:Zarghona Salehi, ed. (6 June 2012). 9202: 8841: 8697: 8253:Graham-Harrison, Emma (7 May 2022). 7964: 7694:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 28 March 2019 6262: 6070:"Human Development Report 2021/2022" 5860:Female police officers in training, 5375: 3004:Gender representation in video games 285:Afghanistan is on the crossroads of 35: 9625:"Divorce, suicide; 'Hell' in Herat" 9309:. Blogs.reuters.com. Archived from 9142: 8786: 8175: 7556:"Afghan pop singer breaks TV taboo" 7029:Afghan Women: Identity and Invasion 6887:Armstrong, Sally (6 January 2003). 6220: 5923:Women in agriculture in Afghanistan 5677:Rukhshana in the 1960s, uncredited. 4801:United Nations Human Rights Council 4178:Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) 4167:Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) 4160:Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) 4152:However, despite the effort of the 351:An Afghan girl photographed in 1880 24: 9074:Vincent, Icheku (1 January 1992). 8358: 7478:. 10 February 2002. Archived from 7434: 6932: 6907: 6467:Hamdard, Azizullah (10 May 2017). 5965:Afghan Women's Business Federation 4728:in Kabul on a false accusation of 4711:Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs 4240:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 313:for the remainder of their lives. 25: 18:Women's rights in Afghanistan 11437: 11018: 9753: 9048:Nichols, Michelle (5 June 2023). 8389: 6993:. 25 October 2011. Archived from 6615:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2765247 6380:Townsend, Mark (15 August 2024). 5226:work in the humanitarian sector. 4970:became the first female mayor of 4827: 4494:United States invaded Afghanistan 4385:Treatment of women by the Taliban 32:Treatment of women by the Taliban 11379: 11370: 11369: 10258: 10249: 10248: 9732: 9707: 9635: 9561: 9535: 9518: 9504: 9490:O'Grady, Siobhán (1 July 2019). 9483: 9457: 9431: 9405: 9379: 9361: 9343: 9325: 9298: 9067: 9041: 9015: 8989: 8975: 8950: 8928: 8895: 8884: 8854: 8835: 8812: 8764: 8736: 8718: 8691: 8676: 8651: 8625: 8599: 8573: 8547: 8522: 8495: 8464: 8448: 8428: 8409: 7283:. Univ of South Carolina Press. 6821:by Jennifer Heath, Ashraf Zahedi 5892: 5869: 5853: 5841: 5829: 5814: 5799: 5783: 5768: 5756: 5737: 5725: 5710: 5698: 5682: 5670: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5615: 5603: 5591: 5379: 5347:National Directorate of Security 4834:Honor killing § Afghanistan 4253:In 1978, the government, led by 4122:1964 Constitution of Afghanistan 2521:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2448: 2392: 1924:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1258:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 374: 241:and torture in Taliban prisons. 99: 85: 40: 10835:Opium production in Afghanistan 8796:. military times. 29 March 2019 8383: 8308: 8274: 8246: 8225:George, Susannah (7 May 2022). 8218: 8192: 8169: 8142: 8108: 8082: 8027: 7994: 7965:Lamb, Christina (9 June 2023). 7958: 7930: 7900: 7862: 7840: 7786: 7758: 7732: 7706: 7684: 7670: 7656: 7635: 7617: 7574: 7548: 7523: 7486: 7345: 7321: 7164: 7150: 7136: 7122: 7098: 7072: 7045: 6979: 6957: 6854: 6824: 6752: 6740: 6720: 6603: 6594: 6509: 6460: 6401: 6373: 6345: 6317: 6289: 6095:"Global Gender Gap Report 2022" 5057:Afghan National Security Forces 4513:Afghanistan National Television 4246:that toppled the government of 4148:Kabul Faculty of Medicine 1970s 4030:entering a bus during the 1950s 4018:Mohammed Zahir Shah (1933-1973) 220:are severely restricted by the 11337:British Indian Ocean Territory 10216:British Indian Ocean Territory 9305:FaithWorld (26 October 2015). 7909:World Report 2015: Afghanistan 7893:World Report 2014: Afghanistan 6635:. Princeton University Press. 6263:Yong, Nicholas (4 July 2023). 6256: 6194: 6168: 6140: 6112: 6087: 6062: 6048: 5548:15. Sometimes women resort to 5272:in the western Afghan city of 4343:In 1992, the government under 4234:Women in the Soviet–Afghan War 2356:Women's suffrage organizations 301:and the remaining 78% live in 13: 1: 11411:Women's rights in Afghanistan 9850:Women, Afghan Law, and Sharia 9715:"U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan" 9549:(in Pashto). 25 November 2019 9445:(in Pashto). 25 November 2019 9419:(in Pashto). 25 November 2019 9393:(in Pashto). 25 November 2019 8502:Moore, Jack (23 March 2015). 6759:Huma Ahmed-Ghosh (May 2003). 6119:Faiez, Rahim (9 March 2023). 6042: 5806:A woman wearing a Burqa near 5470:child marriage in Afghanistan 5221:announced that they will ban 4670:Murder of Farkhunda Malikzada 4664:Violence against Afghan women 4054:(WWA) was founded with Queen 3922:("mistress"), guarded by the 92:Group of women in Kabul, 2006 10755:Current provincial governors 10609:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 8704:The Khaama Press News Agency 7586:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 7079:Gopal, Anand (14 May 2009). 6836:www.oxfordislamicstudies.com 6609:Khan, Sarfraz and , Samina, 5249: 4852:On 12 July 2021, a woman in 4657:, it has only just begun." 4349:Islamic State of Afghanistan 4297:with Communism and atheism. 2972:Portrayal in American comics 2563:Heads of state or government 2341:Suffragists and suffragettes 2271:American feminist literature 7: 9719:U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan 8938:. BBC.com. 10 November 2015 7277:Mary Ann Tétreault (1994). 6273:. Singapore. Archived from 6075:. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS 6007:Human rights in Afghanistan 5918:Prostitution in Afghanistan 5913:Access for Afghan Women Act 5908:Gender roles in Afghanistan 5885: 5732:A young woman drawing water 5552:to escape these marriages. 5351:Inter-Services Intelligence 5059:(ANSF), which includes the 4308:, Masuma Esmati-Wardak and 4154:Women's Welfare Association 4052:Women's Welfare Association 1581:Views on transgender topics 1571:Views on sexual orientation 270: 10: 11442: 11426:Foreign aid to Afghanistan 10916:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life) 10855:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline 5653:Women of Afghanistan-1920s 5584: 5463: 5410: 5284:Female school students in 5253: 5231:Norwegian Refugee Council 4870: 4831: 4667: 4382: 4339:Mujahideen era (1992-1996) 4231: 4065:Following the election of 4001:Anjuman-i Himayat-i-Niswan 3976:Amanullah Khan (1919-1929) 3868:(1747-1823) and the early 316: 274: 29: 11365: 11324: 11284: 11026: 10943: 10881: 10872: 10810: 10801: 10710: 10701: 10599: 10547: 10538: 10331:Indus Valley civilisation 10316: 10244: 10203: 10163: 9905: 8774:. Gandhara. 4 August 2021 8006:Christian Science Monitor 7511:. TOLOnews. 12 April 2019 6629:Keddie, Nikki R. (2007). 6017:Human rights in the Quran 5790:Girls enjoying a meal in 5371: 5217:On 24 December 2022, the 4676:World Health Organization 4293:, the Islamic guerillas. 4220:Communist era (1978–1992) 2372:Women's rights by country 1278:Female genital mutilation 203: 195: 188: 180: 172: 165: 157: 146: 136: 123: 118: 79: 11086:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 10552:Administrative divisions 9965:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8916:. TOLOnews. 2 April 2019 8457:The Killing of Farkhunda 8176:BBC (7 September 2021). 7938:"Index Country Rankings" 7680:. UNFPA. 4 October 2012. 7244:Lawrence Kaplan (1992). 6632:Women in the Middle East 5293:Education in Afghanistan 5256:Education in Afghanistan 4962:became the first female 4508:are reserved for women. 4261:(DOAW) and later by the 4083:Asian Women's Conference 2377:Feminists by nationality 2351:Women's studies journals 2346:Women's rights activists 1064:Movements and ideologies 11416:Women's rights in Islam 11347:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 10416:Second Anglo-Afghan War 10386:Third Battle of Panipat 10226:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8530:"Afghanistan 2017/2018" 7631:. London. 9 March 2012. 7613:. London. 6 March 2012. 6733:29 January 2023 at the 6027:Women in the Arab world 5528:The country has a high 5438:under the Afghan flag. 4997:Female officers of the 4978:. As of December 2018, 4964:governor in Afghanistan 4882:U.S. Secretary of State 4419:schools in neighboring 4329:national reconciliation 2558:Conservatives in the US 2531:Explorers and travelers 1765:International relations 626:Intersectional variants 190:Global Gender Gap Index 167:Gender Inequality Index 11421:Society of Afghanistan 10486:Second Islamic Emirate 10426:Kingdom of Afghanistan 10421:Third Anglo-Afghan War 10411:First Anglo-Afghan War 10396:Emirate of Afghanistan 10346:Yabghus of Tokharistan 9900:Women's rights in Asia 9267:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 8732:. May 2018. p. 8. 7872:. CNN. 11 October 2018 7850:. Retuers. 15 May 2012 6100:. World Economic Forum 5960:Afghan Women's Council 5955:Afghan Women's Network 5945:Women for Afghan Women 5496:culture of Afghanistan 5487: 5479: 5460:Marriage and parenting 5315: 5289: 5277: 5208:Ariana Afghan Airlines 5061:Afghan National Police 5052: 5034: 5016: 5001: 4999:Afghan National Police 4904: 4867:Politics and workforce 4707:Afghan Women's Network 4703:Rights & Democracy 4607: 4489: 4474: 4408: 4263:Afghan Women's Council 4229: 4212:(RAWA) was founded by 4186: 4172:Under the republic of 4149: 4031: 3970:Kingdom of Afghanistan 3957: 2861:In Shakespeare's works 2291:Conservative feminisms 1546:Bicycling and feminism 1522:Women in the workforce 1490:Violence against women 1465:Sexual objectification 1425:Opposition to feminism 682:Vegetarian ecofeminism 352: 344: 342:Kabul–Kandahar Highway 323:Emirate of Afghanistan 277:Culture of Afghanistan 10466:First Islamic Emirate 7188:(28 September 2001). 6497:. Pajhwok Afghan News 5641:Afghan women in 1920s 5485: 5477: 5464:Further information: 5411:Further information: 5309: 5283: 5267: 5254:Further information: 5040: 5022: 5007: 4996: 4912:members of parliament 4903:to her farthest right 4880: 4871:Further information: 4745:Amnesty International 4668:Further information: 4643:Hibatullah Akhundzada 4605: 4480: 4468: 4392: 4383:Further information: 4373:Afghan Prime Minister 4232:Further information: 4227: 4182: 4147: 4025: 3948: 2617:Nobel Prize laureates 2321:Feminist rhetoricians 2311:Feminist philosophers 1863:Revisionist mythology 1566:Views on prostitution 1551:Criticism of marriage 1241:Children's literature 350: 331: 275:Further information: 265:Amnesty International 158:Women in labour force 11406:Women in Afghanistan 11261:United Arab Emirates 10572:Environmental issues 10520:Graveyard of empires 10509:Arabs in Afghanistan 10140:United Arab Emirates 9837:, 12 December 2017, 9805:, 25 February 2019, 9746:. 18 September 2020. 9339:. 25 September 2018. 9158:. 26 December 2014. 7482:on 20 December 2007. 6991:Women, War and Peace 6951:Tamim Ansary (2012) 5720:event in Afghanistan 5530:total fertility rate 5413:Sport in Afghanistan 5229:On 5 June 2023, The 5065:Afghan National Army 5049:Afghan National Army 4899:) to her right, and 4690:by their relatives. 4442:Several Taliban and 4347:transitioned to the 4310:Salcha Faruq Etemadi 4267:Masuma Esmati-Wardak 4115:Masuma Esmati-Wardak 3908:enslaved harem women 3774:United Arab Emirates 2711:in the United States 2526:Economic development 2516:Diversity (politics) 2502:Female entrepreneurs 2301:Feminist art critics 2276:Feminist comic books 2233:Lists and categories 1912:By continent/country 1743:Pathways perspective 1626:Gender mainstreaming 1561:Views on pornography 1470:Substantive equality 1450:Reproductive justice 1400:Matriarchal religion 1253:Diversity (politics) 1189:Political lesbianism 499:Other women's rights 340:somewhere along the 75:Women in Afghanistan 11288:limited recognition 10526:Wars in Afghanistan 10446:Democratic Republic 10167:limited recognition 9821:, 8 February 2019, 9497:The Washington Post 9471:on 18 November 2015 9286:on 13 November 2013 9156:National Geographic 8823:. Secure.flickr.com 8483:on 31 December 2015 8232:The Washington Post 8070:. 21 September 2021 8041:. 18 September 2020 7824:. 7 November 2015. 7720:. 27 September 2018 7629:The Daily Telegraph 6967:. Socialstudies.org 6842:on 11 November 2018 5310:A biology class at 5194:television stations 5045:Khatool Mohammadzai 4952:Husn Banu Ghazanfar 4769:On 14 August 2020, 4718:Farkhunda Malikzada 4541:Escape from Taliban 4506:House of the People 4399:beating a woman in 4353:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 4345:Mohammad Najibullah 4279:vocational training 4255:Nur Muhammad Taraki 4248:Mohammed Daoud Khan 4214:Meena Keshwar Kamal 4174:Mohammad Daoud Khan 4067:Mohammed Daoud Khan 4040:Mohammed Zahir Shah 4036:Mohammed Nadir Shah 3914:(“slave girl”) and 3759:Trinidad and Tobago 2994:Speculative fiction 2887:Theological figures 2832:Feminist philosophy 2632:Reproductive rights 2438:Part of a series on 2399:Feminism portal 2306:Feminist economists 2296:Ecofeminist authors 2101:Trinidad and Tobago 2041:Republic of Ireland 1733:Composition studies 1500:Women's empowerment 1455:Sex workers' rights 1380:Feminist capitalism 1360:Internalized sexism 1293:Feminism in culture 401:History of feminism 336:showing a group of 305:. As part of local 149:secondary education 147:Women over 25 with 138:Women in parliament 128: (per 100,000) 76: 10845:Telecommunications 10815:Afghani (currency) 10730:Leadership Council 10514:European influence 10391:Dost Mohammad Khan 10326:Pre-Islamic period 9375:. 21 October 2019. 9313:on 27 October 2015 9096:Al Jazeera English 8962:data.worldbank.org 8613:. 10 November 2020 8559:Human Rights Watch 8422:The New York Times 8205:Human Rights Watch 8121:The New York Times 8096:. 3 September 2021 8039:Human Rights Watch 7774:. 1 September 2016 7386:(27 August 2004). 7190:"Behind the burka" 6997:on 27 January 2019 6446:The World Factbook 6305:. 8 September 2024 6208:. 20 December 2022 6182:. 21 December 2022 6153:Human Rights Watch 6022:Women and religion 5900:Afghanistan portal 5775:An Afghan girl in 5763:Old woman in Herat 5748:-wearing women in 5536:Arranged marriages 5520:. The nation is a 5488: 5480: 5391:. You can help by 5316: 5290: 5278: 5072:Khatol Mohammadzai 5068:Brigadier generals 5053: 5035: 5017: 5009:Machine embroidery 5002: 4905: 4608: 4568:Human Rights Watch 4564:robot competitions 4492:In late 2001, the 4490: 4475: 4411:Like their leader 4409: 4230: 4150: 4126:universal suffrage 4032: 3958: 3878:gender segregation 3324:Dominican Republic 3091:Mixed martial arts 3061:Fastpitch softball 2642:Violence and abuse 2627:Positions of power 1711:Literary criticism 1576:Views on sexuality 1263:Effects on society 1231:Complementarianism 1206:Women's liberation 961:Religious variants 935:trans-exclusionary 653:Radical lesbianism 353: 345: 125:Maternal mortality 119:General Statistics 74: 11393: 11392: 11330:other territories 10986: 10985: 10939: 10938: 10868: 10867: 10797: 10796: 10760:Foreign relations 10595: 10594: 10534: 10533: 10436:Saqqawist Emirate 10376:Siege of Kandahar 10272: 10271: 10209:other territories 9823:France 24 English 9791:France 24 English 9789:, 14 March 2019, 9773:, 10 April 2019, 9607:978-0-275-97671-2 9190:. 9 November 2014 9029:. 30 January 2023 9001:www.aerotime.aero 8868:. 22 October 2012 8460:. New York Times. 7562:. 13 January 2004 7535:www.aljazeera.com 7411:Nikki R. Keddie. 7038:978-1-84277-856-2 6928:. 12 August 2023. 6900:978-1-56858-252-8 6692:978-0-7864-3792-4 6642:978-0-691-12863-4 5823:Kandahar Province 5466:Marriage in Islam 5409: 5408: 5286:Samangan Province 5171:news broadcasting 5042:Brigadier-General 4976:Daykundi Province 4974:, the capital of 4845:In May 2017, the 4805:Michelle Bachelet 4764:sexual harassment 4754:reported that in 4730:Quran desecration 4680:domestic violence 4655:takeover of Kabul 4618:In May 2022, the 4549:obstetric fistula 4531:Sushmita Banerjee 4407:on 26 August 2001 3963:Abdur Rahman Khan 3862: 3861: 3066:Football / soccer 2989:Fictional pirates 2781:Art history field 2657:Exchange of women 2433: 2432: 2384: 2383: 1903: 1902: 1893:womanist theology 1836:Political ecology 1667:Écriture féminine 1594: 1593: 1485:Triple oppression 1475:Toxic masculinity 1460:Sexual harassment 1320:Feminist stripper 1298:Feminist movement 854: 853: 785:Africana womanism 616: 615: 234:secondary schools 211: 210: 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 11433: 11383: 11373: 11372: 11342:Christmas Island 11028:Sovereign states 11013: 11006: 10999: 10990: 10989: 10966: 10959: 10952: 10879: 10878: 10808: 10807: 10708: 10707: 10545: 10544: 10494: 10493: 10481:Islamic Republic 10441:Daoud's Republic 10406:Afghan–Sikh Wars 10401:Battle of Jamrud 10361:Islamic conquest 10341:Greater Khorasan 10299: 10292: 10285: 10276: 10275: 10262: 10252: 10251: 10221:Christmas Island 9907:Sovereign states 9894: 9887: 9880: 9871: 9870: 9831: 9815: 9799: 9783: 9767: 9748: 9747: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9711: 9705: 9694: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9665: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9639: 9633: 9632: 9629:Golnar Motevalli 9621: 9612: 9611: 9593: 9584: 9583: 9578: 9576: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9522: 9516: 9515: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9461: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9329: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9128:UNDP Afghanistan 9118: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9098:. 16 July 2017. 9086: 9080: 9079: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8910: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8875: 8873: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8816: 8810: 8809: 8803: 8801: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8603: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8587:. 16 August 2020 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8499: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8479:. 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4885:Hillary Clinton 4875: 4869: 4854:Faryab Province 4836: 4830: 4821: 4750:In April 2020, 4726:radical Muslims 4716:In March 2015, 4672: 4666: 4600: 4463: 4387: 4381: 4341: 4271:social services 4244:Saur revolution 4236: 4222: 4162: 4099:Princess Bilqis 4020: 3997:Irshad-e Naswan 3978: 3973: 3858: 3829: 3828: 3164: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3134:Track and field 3021: 3011: 3010: 2962: 2961:Popular culture 2954: 2953: 2882: 2881: 2866: 2865: 2820:Science fiction 2766: 2765: 2747: 2746: 2730: 2681: 2680: 2662: 2661: 2637:Venture capital 2602:Law enforcement 2507: 2492:Animal advocacy 2488: 2468: 2465:Women's history 2460: 2429: 2393: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2287: 2234: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2133:Northern Cyprus 1913: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1721:Science fiction 1672: 1651:Women's studies 1616:Feminist method 1606: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1510: 1420:Oedipus complex 1410:Men in feminism 1375:Language reform 1350:Ideal womanhood 1330:Gender equality 1325:Formal equality 1288:Feminationalism 1226:Cognitive labor 1220: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1167:Post-structural 1066: 1056: 1055: 1054: 963: 953: 952: 951: 934: 931:Gender-critical 930: 929: 880:Femonationalism 864: 856: 855: 850: 829:Native American 769: 724:Critical theory 686: 628: 618: 617: 612: 567:Second Republic 495: 465: 432: 406:Women's history 386: 326: 319: 283: 273: 224:. In 2023, the 127: 114: 113: 112: 111: 110: 104: 95: 94: 93: 90: 66: 60: 57: 54: 45: 41: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11439: 11429: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11387: 11377: 11366: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11333: 11331: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11292: 11290: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11032: 11030: 11024: 11023: 11020:Women in Asia 11016: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10993: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10980: 10975: 10968: 10967: 10960: 10953: 10945: 10944: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10820:Communications 10817: 10811: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10789: 10779: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10740:Prime Minister 10737: 10735:Supreme Leader 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10711: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10689: 10688: 10686:Persian (Dari) 10678: 10673: 10672: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10605: 10603: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10577:Extreme points 10574: 10569: 10564: 10562:Climate change 10559: 10554: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10500: 10498: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10381:Durrani Empire 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10302: 10301: 10294: 10287: 10279: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10266: 10256: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10212: 10210: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10171: 10169: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9896: 9889: 9882: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9826: 9810: 9794: 9778: 9762: 9755: 9754:External links 9752: 9750: 9749: 9731: 9706: 9686: 9660: 9634: 9613: 9606: 9585: 9560: 9534: 9517: 9503: 9482: 9456: 9430: 9404: 9378: 9360: 9355:eeas.europa.eu 9342: 9324: 9297: 9270: 9255: 9229: 9201: 9173: 9141: 9130:. 11 July 2016 9113: 9081: 9066: 9040: 9014: 8988: 8974: 8949: 8927: 8905: 8894: 8883: 8853: 8834: 8811: 8785: 8763: 8735: 8717: 8690: 8675: 8650: 8637:United Nations 8624: 8598: 8572: 8546: 8521: 8494: 8463: 8447: 8427: 8408: 8396:Foreign Policy 8382: 8357: 8341: 8307: 8273: 8245: 8217: 8191: 8168: 8141: 8107: 8081: 8052: 8026: 7993: 7957: 7929: 7915: 7899: 7883: 7861: 7839: 7807: 7785: 7757: 7746:. 23 July 2018 7731: 7705: 7683: 7669: 7655: 7634: 7616: 7598: 7573: 7547: 7522: 7500: 7485: 7458: 7433: 7430:. p. 207. 7418: 7415:. p. 118. 7403: 7396: 7375: 7357: 7344: 7320: 7303: 7289: 7266: 7231: 7215: 7201: 7186:Toynbee, Polly 7177: 7163: 7149: 7135: 7121: 7097: 7071: 7064: 7044: 7037: 7008: 6978: 6956: 6931: 6906: 6899: 6893:. Seal Press. 6879: 6853: 6823: 6808: 6791: 6784:Robin Morgan: 6774: 6751: 6739: 6719: 6698: 6691: 6648: 6641: 6618: 6602: 6593: 6565: 6549: 6537: 6508: 6485: 6459: 6426: 6415:. 17 June 2024 6400: 6372: 6344: 6316: 6288: 6277:on 4 July 2023 6255: 6219: 6193: 6167: 6139: 6111: 6086: 6061: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6037:Women in Islam 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5939:Organisations: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5878:U.S. Air Force 5875: 5868: 5866: 5862:Khost Province 5859: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5820: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5798: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5780: 5774: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5755: 5753: 5743: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5724: 5722: 5716: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5633: 5631: 5621: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579:women's rights 5565:Rora Asim Khan 5500:religious sect 5461: 5458: 5407: 5406: 5386: 5384: 5373: 5370: 5251: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5108:Aziza Siddiqui 5013:sewing machine 4924:Fauzia Gailani 4868: 4865: 4861:Balkh Province 4840:honor killings 4829: 4828:Honor killings 4826: 4820: 4817: 4760:discrimination 4688:honor killings 4665: 4662: 4630:paired with a 4599: 4596: 4533:was killed in 4462: 4459: 4433:United Nations 4380: 4377: 4365: 4364: 4340: 4337: 4316:party and the 4221: 4218: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4158: 4019: 4016: 4008:Amanullah Khan 3982:King Amanullah 3977: 3974: 3972: 3967: 3951:Amanullah Khan 3893:Ayesha Durrani 3866:Durrani Empire 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3842: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3779:United Kingdom 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3151:List of sports 3148: 3147: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3006: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2803:"Chick flicks" 2795: 2790: 2789: 2788: 2786:Women's cinema 2778: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2494: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2316:Feminist poets 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2285: 2283:Feminist songs 2280: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2259:by nationality 2251: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2210: 2208:United Kingdom 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1819:Existentialism 1816: 1815: 1814: 1812:Justice ethics 1804: 1799: 1794: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1770:Constructivism 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677:Areas of study 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1621:Gender studies 1618: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1586:SCUM Manifesto 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1517:Women's rights 1514: 1511:Women's health 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1395:Male privilege 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1364:International 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1233: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1201:Technofeminism 1198: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1145: 1140: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1003: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 976: 971: 965: 964: 959: 958: 955: 954: 950: 949: 944: 939: 926: 925: 924: 919: 914: 904: 899: 898: 897: 887: 882: 877: 872: 866: 865: 863:Other variants 862: 861: 858: 857: 852: 851: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 832: 831: 821: 820: 819: 809: 808: 807: 802: 797: 787: 781: 778: 777: 771: 770: 768: 767: 762: 761: 760: 755: 745: 744: 743: 733: 732: 731: 726: 716: 711: 710: 709: 698: 695: 694: 688: 687: 685: 684: 679: 678: 677: 667: 662: 661: 660: 655: 650: 640: 634: 629: 624: 623: 620: 619: 614: 613: 611: 610: 609: 608: 598: 597: 596: 591: 589:Cayman Islands 584:United Kingdom 581: 576: 575: 574: 569: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 512: 511: 504: 503: 502: 501: 494: 493: 492: 491: 486: 475: 472: 471: 467: 466: 464: 463: 458: 453: 448: 442: 439: 438: 434: 433: 431: 430: 429: 428: 423: 418: 413: 403: 398: 392: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 371: 370: 364: 363: 325: 320: 318: 315: 272: 269: 226:United Nations 214:Women's rights 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 144: 143: 140: 134: 133: 130: 121: 120: 116: 115: 105: 98: 97: 96: 91: 84: 83: 82: 81: 80: 68: 67: 48: 46: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11438: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11376: 11368: 11367: 11364: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11327: 11323: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11311:South Ossetia 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 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10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10336:Maurya Empire 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10300: 10295: 10293: 10288: 10286: 10281: 10280: 10277: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10255: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10190:South Ossetia 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10162: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 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Zed Books. 7030: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6966: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6927: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6902: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6883: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6805:. March 2004. 6804: 6798: 6796: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6779: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6716: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6688: 6685:. McFarland. 6684: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6625: 6623: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6597: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6563: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6525: 6518: 6512: 6496: 6489: 6474: 6470: 6463: 6448:. www.cia.gov 6447: 6443: 6442:"Afghanistan" 6437: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6376: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6333:. 3 July 2024 6332: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6223: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6115: 6096: 6090: 6071: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:Women in Asia 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 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5189: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5155:entrepreneurs 5152: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5136:Maryam Durani 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5116:Suraya Pakzad 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5092:Aryana Sayeed 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4995: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4984:United States 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960:Habiba Sarabi 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916:Fall of Kabul 4913: 4910: 4902: 4901:Selay Ghaffar 4898: 4894: 4891:to her left, 4890: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4857: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4825: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4674:In 2015, the 4671: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4604: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4560:Olympic Games 4557: 4552: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4482:Sahraa Karimi 4479: 4472: 4467: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4449:Time Magazine 4445: 4440: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4302:Anthony Hyman 4300:According to 4298: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4280: 4277:and provided 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4208:In 1977, the 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4111:Kubra Noorzai 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4095:Humaira Begum 4090: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4056:Humaira Begum 4053: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3936:Mirmon Ayesha 3933: 3932:Zarghona Anaa 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3883: 3882:Nomadic women 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3784:United States 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3354:FS Micronesia 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3145: 3144:Winter sports 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2979:Film industry 2977: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2839:Photographers 2837: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2720:Organizations 2718: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2647:Voting rights 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573:Queen regnant 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2390: 2389: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2230: 2229: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2213:United States 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2061:Latin America 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1908: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1883:Technoscience 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1706:Art criticism 1704: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1656:Men's studies 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556:Views on BDSM 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1480:Transmisogyny 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1440:Purplewashing 1438: 1436: 1435:Protofeminism 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1345:Honor killing 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1216: 1215: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114:Individualist 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087:Cyberfeminism 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 981: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 966: 962: 957: 956: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 927: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 908: 905: 903: 900: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 870:Anti-abortion 868: 867: 860: 859: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 830: 827: 826: 825: 822: 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 791: 788: 786: 783: 782: 780: 779: 776: 775:Multicultural 773: 772: 766: 763: 759: 758:Transnational 756: 754: 751: 750: 749: 746: 742: 739: 738: 737: 734: 730: 727: 725: 722: 721: 720: 717: 715: 712: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 699: 697: 696: 693: 690: 689: 683: 680: 676: 675:Postgenderism 673: 672: 671: 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