476:), the thin client operating system may lack the resources needed to fully integrate the required dependencies (although dependencies can sometimes be added if they can be identified). Modern thin clients address this limitation via port mapping or USB redirection software. However, these methods cannot address all scenarios. Therefore, it is good practice to perform validation tests of locally attached peripherals in advance to ensure compatibility. Further, in large distributed desktop environments, printers are often networked, negating the need for device drivers on every desktop.
410:(OS), client-side setup and administration is greatly reduced. Cloud access is the primary role of a thin client which eliminates the need for a large suite of local user applications, data storage, and utilities. This architecture shifts most of the software execution burden from the endpoint to the data center. User assets are centralized for greater visibility. Data recovery and desktop repurposing tasks are also centralized for faster service and greater scalability.
1666:
373:
installed on every endpoint device (although thin clients may still require basic security and strong authentication to prevent unauthorized access). One of the combined benefits of using cloud architecture with thin client desktops is that critical IT assets are centralized for better utilization of resources. Unused memory, bussing lanes, and processor cores within an individual user session, for example, can be leveraged for other active user sessions.
676: – which became obsolete as a distinguishing characteristic in the 1990s as text-only physical terminals themselves became obsolete, and text-only computer systems (a few of which existed in the 1980s) were no longer manufactured. The term "thin client" also conveys better what was then viewed as the fundamental difference: thin clients can be designed with less expensive hardware, because they have reduced computational workloads.
553:
36:
665:
396:
443:(CPU) combinations improve processing power and graphical capabilities. To minimize latency of high resolution video sent across the network, some host software stacks leverage multimedia redirection (MMR) techniques to offload video rendering to the desktop device. Video codecs are often embedded on the thin client to support these various multimedia formats. Other host software stacks makes use of
144:
155:
133:
483:
It is also important to acknowledge that network bandwidth and performance is more critical in any type of cloud-based computing model. IT organizations must ensure that their network can accommodate the number of users that they need to serve. If demand for bandwidth exceeds network limits, it could
372:
In using cloud-based architecture, the server takes on the processing load of several client sessions, acting as a host for each endpoint device. The client software is narrowly purposed and lightweight; therefore, only the host server or server farm needs to be secured, rather than securing software
479:
While running local productivity applications goes beyond the normal scope of a thin client, it is sometimes needed in rare use cases. License restrictions that apply to thin clients can sometimes prevent them from supporting these applications. Local storage constraints may also limit the space
487:
A similar risk exists inside the data center. Servers must be sized correctly in order to deliver adequate performance to end users. In a cloud-based computing model, the servers can also represent a single point of failure risk. If a server fails, end users lose access to all of the resources
471:
To achieve such simplicity, thin clients sometimes lag behind desktop PCs in terms of extensibility. For example, if a local software utility or set of device drivers are needed in order to support a locally attached peripheral device (e.g. printer, scanner,
450:
Some of the more graphically intense use cases remain a challenge for thin clients. These use cases might include applications like photo editors, 3D drawing programs, and animation tools. This can be addressed at the host server using dedicated
418:
While the server must be robust enough to handle several client sessions at once, thin client hardware requirements are minimal compared to that of a traditional PC laptop or desktop. Most thin clients have low-energy processors,
691:
had also entered the market. However, while there was now little size difference, thin clients retained some key advantages over these competitors, such as not needing a local drive. However, "thin client" can be a
607:
continue the tradition of the multi-user, remote display/input session. Typically, X software is not made available on non-X-based thin clients, although no technical reason for this exclusion would prevent it.
634:
Terminal Server
Edition, under a project codenamed "Hydra". Windows NT then became the basis of Windows 2000 and Windows XP. As of 2011, Microsoft Windows systems support graphical terminals via the
679:
By the 2010s, thin clients were not the only desktop devices for general purpose computing that were "thin" – in the sense of having a small form factor and being relatively inexpensive. The
661:
with frequent use in his speeches and interviews about Oracle products. Ellison would go on to be a founding board member of thin client maker
Network Computer, Inc (NCI), later renamed Liberate.
423:, memory, and no moving parts. This reduces the cost, power consumption (heat, noise and vibrations), making them affordable to own and easy to replace or deploy. Numerous thin clients also use
672:
The term stuck for several reasons. The earlier term "graphical terminal" had been chosen to distinguish such terminals from text-based terminals, and thus put the emphasis heavily on
447:(UDP) in order to accelerate fast changing pixel updates required by modern video content. Thin clients typically support local software agents capable of accepting and decoding UDP.
599:
software, from about 1984. X terminals remained relatively popular even after the arrival of other thin clients in the mid-late 1990s. Modern Unix derivatives like
463:
cards. These solutions allow IT administrators to provide power-user performance where it is needed to a relatively generic endpoint device such as a thin client.
657:. At the time, Oracle wished to differentiate their server-oriented software from Microsoft's desktop-oriented products. Ellison subsequently popularized Negris'
431:. And because they typically don't store critical data locally, risk of theft is minimized because there is little or no user data to be compromised.
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288:(OS) migrations can be applied, tested and activated for all users in one instance to accelerate roll-out and improve administrative efficiency.
406:
Thin client computing is known to simplify the desktop endpoints by reducing the client-side software footprint. With a lightweight, read-only
383:
An alternative to traditional server deployment which spreads out infrastructure costs over time is a cloud-based subscription model known as
439:
Modern thin clients have come a long way to meet the demands of today's graphical computing needs. New generations of low energy chipset and
879:
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utilities into the system. Redundancy provides reliable host availability but it can add cost to smaller user populations that lack scale.
233:
Thin clients occur as components of a broader computing infrastructure, where many clients share their computations with a server or
899:
974:
380:, but some of these initial savings can be offset by the need for a more robust cloud infrastructure required on the server side.
638:
component. The Wyse
Winterm was the first Windows-display-focused thin client (AKA Windows Terminal) to access this environment.
933:
249:(VDI). This combination forms what is known as a cloud-based system, where desktop resources are centralized at one or more
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to support older devices, such as receipt printers, scales or time clocks. Thin client software typically consists of a
72:
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119:
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427:. Since thin clients consist of fewer hardware components than a traditional desktop PC, they can operate in more
716:
as a thin client. Since then, several manufacturers have introduced their version of
Raspberry Pi thin clients.
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supported by that server. This risk can be mitigated by building redundancies, fail-over processes, backups, and
57:
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86:
230:
but has significant local processing power, while the latter aims to perform its function mostly locally.
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745:: It has no local storage (e.g. no hard disk drives) but may have anything else that a full workstation has
587:, as is common on modern advanced thin clients. The prototypical multi-user environment along these lines,
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can be minimized while idle memory and processing power can be applied to user sessions that most need it.
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form factor for desktop PCs was introduced, and nettops could run full feature
Windows or Linux;
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295:, monitored and protected. Sensitive data is uncompromised in cases of desktop loss or theft.
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805:: a diskless desktop computer device made by the Oracle Corporation from about 1996 to 2000
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733:: Like thin clients, but have zero local processing power and support no peripherals
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in 1995, launched in coordination with Wyse
Technology's Winterm thin client.
579:. As computer graphics matured, these terminals transitioned from providing a
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253:. The benefits of centralization are hardware resource optimization, reduced
915:"Citrix Receiver on Raspberry Pi delivering 1080p XenDesktop 7.1 experience"
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The simplicity of thin client hardware and software results in a very low
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825:"Thin vs. Thick vs. Zero Client: What's the Right Fit for Your Business?"
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became capable of multi-user operations primarily through the efforts of
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devices (e.g., printer, flash drive, webcam). Some thin clients include (
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Example of improved security: Software assets are centralized and easily
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licensed this technology back from Citrix and implemented it into
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206:. The server does most of the work, which can include launching
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required to install large applications or application suites.
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was coined in 1993 by Tim Negris, VP of Server
Marketing at
712:
substitute. In 2013, a Citrix employee experimented with a
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Size comparison – traditional desktop PC vs
Clientron U700
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198:-based computing environment. They are sometimes known as
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274:
27:
Non-powerful computer optimized for remote server access
525:
934:"How good is the new Raspberry Pi 4 as a thin client?"
900:"Liberate Technologies: Taking Strange to New Levels"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
883:
484:result in a major loss of end user productivity.
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147:A public thin-client computer terminal inside a
299:Thin client hardware generally supports common
226:; the former is also intended for working in a
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136:Thin clients connected to their server via a
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265:Example of hardware resource optimization:
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853:"Thin Client Market Embraces Raspberry Pi"
500:Popular providers of thin clients include
355:(in some cases), and a basic set of local
158:An HP T5700 thin client, with flash memory
841:
280:Example of reduced software maintenance:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
829:Technology Solutions That Drive Business
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459:(virtual GPU), workstation cards, and
237:. The server-side infrastructure uses
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913:Dawood, Muhammad (14 December 2013).
850:
724:
696:for slim form-factor computers using
649:, while working with company founder
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
876:(thin client term was coined 1993)
749:
622:as the multi-user operating system
591:, began to support fully graphical
24:
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335:(GUI), cloud access agents (e.g.,
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708:, or permanent flash memory as a
567:Thin clients have their roots in
245:, hosted shared desktop (HSD) or
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1664:
932:Dawood, Muhammad (8 July 2019).
311:for sound peripherals, and open
192:establishing a remote connection
34:
878:Richard Waters (June 2, 2009).
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202:, or in their simplest form as
45:needs additional citations for
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880:"Is this, finally, the thin"
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7:
851:Brown, Eric (26 May 2017).
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303:, such as keyboards, mice,
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1415:Personal digital assistant
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243:application virtualization
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575:accessed by some sort of
474:biometric security device
595:, i.e., devices running
585:graphical user interface
333:graphical user interface
218:. This contrasts with a
1697:Computer output devices
1652:Wireless sensor network
766:Multiseat configuration
636:Remote Desktop Services
441:central processing unit
378:total cost of ownership
1425:Portable data terminal
761:Desktop virtualization
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581:command-line interface
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445:User Datagram Protocol
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247:desktop virtualization
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1608:Information appliance
1430:Portable media player
1373:Handheld game console
823:Bengfort; Jacquelyn.
756:Centralized computing
689:tablet-laptop hybrids
667:
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512:Technology in 2012),
461:hardware acceleration
455:cards, allocation of
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210:programs, performing
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1383:Mobile data terminal
1363:Electronic organizer
1035:Intelligent terminal
902:. 17 September 2009.
429:hostile environments
385:desktop as a service
255:software maintenance
54:improve this article
1707:Networking hardware
618:, which repackaged
538:Samsung Electronics
399:TA7 thin client by
228:client–server model
178:, is a simple (low-
164:computer networking
1640:Computer-on-module
1498:Digital wristwatch
1300:Mobile workstation
1070:Video game console
1030:Internet appliance
725:Other client types
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647:Oracle Corporation
569:multi-user systems
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563:as seen from above
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353:terminal emulators
222:or a conventional
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200:network computers
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743:Diskless node
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731:Dumb terminal
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651:Larry Ellison
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425:Raspberry Pis
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421:flash storage
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71: –
70:
69:"Thin client"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1692:Thin clients
1635:Single-board
1520:Smartglasses
1463:Programmable
1388:Mobile phone
1241:Blade server
1080:Microconsole
1075:Home console
1064:
937:
927:
918:
908:
894:
885:the original
872:
860:. Retrieved
856:
832:. Retrieved
828:
818:
771:Time-sharing
714:Raspberry Pi
702:compactflash
698:flash memory
678:
673:
671:
642:
640:
610:
566:
556:A connected
499:
486:
482:
478:
470:
449:
438:
417:
405:
382:
375:
371:
368:Architecture
298:
251:data centers
232:
216:storing data
212:calculations
204:zero clients
203:
199:
175:
171:
168:thin client,
167:
161:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1378:Handheld PC
1310:Subnotebook
1288:Convertible
1149:Workstation
1142:Home server
1065:Thin client
1045:Rich client
919:Youtube.com
737:Rich client
643:thin client
593:X terminals
467:Limitations
349:web browser
347:), a local
301:peripherals
293:fire-walled
235:server farm
220:rich client
180:performance
176:lean client
172:slim client
1686:Categories
1525:Smart ring
1513:Sportwatch
1508:Smartwatch
1491:Smart band
1468:Scientific
1450:Calculator
1410:Palmtop PC
1403:Smartphone
1340:Detachable
1165:All-in-one
1115:Industrial
1012:Appliances
938:Citrix.com
834:2021-10-10
810:References
612:Windows NT
583:to a full
573:mainframes
534:Stratodesk
530:NComputing
508:(acquired
391:Simplicity
80:newspapers
1647:Smartdust
1582:Minisuper
1577:Mainframe
1556:Supermini
1320:Smartbook
1295:Cloudbook
1197:Pizza box
1091:Computers
1050:Simulator
857:Linux.com
710:hard disk
641:The term
628:Microsoft
561:Chromebox
518:ClearCube
496:Providers
357:utilities
188:optimized
110:July 2008
1671:Category
1543:Midrange
1478:Wearable
1458:Graphing
1435:Siftable
1368:E-reader
1355:Handheld
1305:Notebook
1246:Blade PC
1229:Stick PC
1209:Portable
1192:Deskside
1175:Tabletop
1120:Personal
1060:Smart TV
793:Blade PC
720:See also
700:such as
694:misnomer
674:graphics
659:buzzword
655:Oracle 7
624:WinFrame
435:Graphics
414:Hardware
401:Gigabyte
305:monitors
259:security
208:software
184:computer
1398:Feature
1345:Phablet
1315:Netbook
1219:Mini PC
1187:Desktop
1180:Surface
1158:By size
988:classes
862:25 July
798:Sun Ray
706:SD card
685:tablets
558:Samsung
548:History
502:Chip PC
271:bussing
267:Cabling
194:with a
94:scholar
18:Winterm
1669:
1623:Rugged
1596:Others
1420:Pocket
1393:Camera
1332:Tablet
1283:2-in-1
1275:Laptop
1266:Mobile
1137:Server
1132:Public
1105:Gaming
1098:By use
1004:Static
788:AOL TV
782:Others
681:nettop
542:ZeeTim
540:, and
325:serial
321:legacy
214:, and
196:server
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1587:Super
1565:Large
1202:Tower
1170:Panel
996:Micro
605:Linux
457:vGPUs
345:PCoIP
313:ports
309:jacks
101:JSTOR
87:books
1618:Nano
1572:Grid
1551:Mini
1236:Rack
1224:Plug
1110:Home
986:and
864:2022
603:and
589:Unix
510:Wyse
506:Dell
315:for
284:and
273:and
190:for
166:, a
73:news
601:BSD
453:GPU
341:ICA
337:RDP
327:or
317:USB
275:I/O
174:or
162:In
56:by
1688::
936:.
917:.
855:.
843:^
827:.
704:,
687:,
544:.
536:,
532:,
528:,
526:LG
524:,
520:,
516:,
514:HP
359:.
351:,
343:,
339:,
323:)
307:,
269:,
261:.
182:)
976:e
969:t
962:v
940:.
921:.
866:.
837:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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