192:
180:
259:
235:
1157:
37:
452:
29:
1061:, which relies heavily on these sources as its main food resource. The voracious feeding habits of Japanese beetles not only pose a direct threat to raspberry plants but also increase the risk of transmitting various plant diseases. This dual impact can significantly undermine agricultural productivity, making it crucial for raspberry growers to implement effective pest management strategies to mitigate the damage caused by Japanese beetle infestations.
472:, where the chilling requirement for proper bud break is attained, or attained earlier than the ultimate place of planting. These canes are then dug, roots and all, to be replanted in warmer climates such as Spain, where they quickly flower and produce a very early season crop. Plants are typically planted 2–6 per m in fertile, well drained soil; raspberries are usually planted in raised beds/ridges, if there is any question about root rot problems.
516:
1121:
1103:
1139:
1085:
1840:
494:(also known as suckers), extended underground shoots that develop roots and individual plants. They can sucker new canes some distance from the main plant. For this reason, raspberries spread well, and can take over gardens if left unchecked. Raspberries are often propagated using cuttings, and will root readily in moist soil conditions.
463:
3 to 9. Raspberries are traditionally planted in the winter as dormant canes, although planting of tender, plug plants produced by tissue culture has become much more common. A specialized production system called "long cane production" involves growing canes for a year in a northern climate such as
644:
pigments. Fruits from such plants are called golden raspberries or yellow raspberries; despite their similar appearance, they retain the distinctive flavor of their respective species (red or black). Most pale-fruited raspberries commercially sold in the eastern United States are derivatives of red
501:
High tunnel bramble production offers the opportunity to bridge gaps in availability during late fall and late spring. Furthermore, high tunnels allow less hardy floricane-fruiting raspberries to overwinter in climates where they would not otherwise survive. In the tunnel, plants are established at
695:
Two types of raspberry are available for commercial and domestic cultivation; the summer-bearing type produces an abundance of fruit on second-year canes (floricanes) within a relatively short period in midsummer, and double or "everbearing" plants, which also bear some fruit on first-year canes
165:
root rot, which is one of the most serious pest problems facing the red raspberry. As a cultivated plant in moist, temperate regions, it is easy to grow and tends to spread unless pruned. Escaped raspberries frequently appear as garden weeds, spread by seeds found in bird droppings.
1039:, or gray mold, is a common fungal infection of raspberries and other soft fruit under wet conditions. It is seen as a gray mold growing on the raspberries, and particularly affects fruit which are bruised, as the bruises provide an easy entrance point for the spores.
2856:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
155:. Raspberries need ample sun and water for optimal development. Raspberries thrive in well-drained soil with a pH between 6 and 7 with ample organic matter to assist in retaining water. While moisture is essential, wet and heavy soils or excess
1805:. Yellow raspberries and others with pale-colored fruits are lower in anthocyanin content. Both yellow and red raspberries contain carotenoids, mostly lutein esters, but these are masked by anthocyanins in red raspberries.
497:
The fruit is harvested when it comes off the receptacle easily and has turned a deep color (red, black, purple, or golden yellow, depending on the species and cultivar). This is when the fruits are ripest and sweetest.
2855:
135:
or stem) "picks with" (i.e., stays with) the fruit. When picking a blackberry fruit, the torus stays with the fruit. With a raspberry, the torus remains on the plant, leaving a hollow core in the raspberry fruit.
2061:
Iannetta, P. P. M.; Wyman, M.; Neelam, A.; Jones, C.; Taylor, M. A.; Davies, H. V.; Sexton, R. (December 2000). "A causal role for ethylene and endo-beta-1,4-glucanase in the abscission of red-raspberry
1042:
Raspberry plants should not be planted where potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, or bulbs have previously been grown, without prior fumigation of the soil. These crops are hosts for the disease
2935:
Carvalho E, Franceschi P, Feller A, Palmieri L, Wehrens R, Martens S (2013). "A targeted metabolomics approach to understand differences in flavonoid biosynthesis in red and yellow raspberries".
2801:
2789:
2835:
95:, led by Russia with 22% of the total. Raspberries are cultivated across northern Europe and North America and are consumed in various ways, including as whole fruit and in
2008:
601:
Purple raspberries have been produced by horticultural hybridization of red and black raspberries, and have also been found in the wild in a few places (for example, in
1690:
2682:
523:
Raspberries are an important commercial fruit crop, widely grown in all temperate regions of the world. Many of the most important modern commercial red raspberry
2648:
2250:
Rafique, Muhammad Z.; Carvalho, Elisabete; Stracke, Ralf; Palmieri, Luisa; Herrera, Lorena; Feller, Antje; Malnoy, Mickael; Martens, Stefan (19 December 2016).
179:
2433:
2403:
2493:
2313:
191:
2583:
2343:
605:) where the American red and the black raspberries both grow naturally. Commercial production of purple-fruited raspberries is rare.
598:, is also cultivated, providing both fresh and frozen fruit, as well as jams, preserves, and other products, all with that species' distinctive flavor.
2613:
2553:
2195:
2175:"High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries", Department of Horticulture publication, Cathy Heidenreich, Marvin Pritts, Mary Jo Kelly., and Kathy Demchak
2373:
2523:
2463:
222:, meaning "thicket", of Germanic origin. The name may have been influenced by its appearance as having a rough surface, related to the Old English
636:
Both the red and the black raspberry species have albino-like pale-yellow natural or horticultural variants, resulting from presence of recessive
2910:
479:(meaning shoots grow in the first growing season and fruits grow on those shoots during the second growing season). The flowers can be a major
1746:
structure contributes to raspberry's nutritional value, as it increases the proportion of dietary fiber, which is among the highest known in
2227:
475:
All cultivars of raspberries have perennial roots, but many do not have perennial shoots. In fact, most raspberries have shoots that are
3179:
2722:
2863:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2154:
2039:
2827:
1828:, raspberry leaves are used for some remedies, although there is no scientifically valid evidence to support their medicinal use.
676:; all are multi-generational hybrids. Hybridization between the familiar cultivated red raspberries and a few Asiatic species of
2004:
173:, each of which consists of a juicy pulp and a single central seed. A raspberry bush can yield several hundred berries a year.
1935:
Handbook of the
British Flora: A Description of Flowering Plants and Ferns Indigenous To, Or Naturalized In, the British Isles
696:(primocanes) in the late summer and fall, as well as the summer crop on second-year canes. Those marked (AGM) have gained the
3158:
2868:
480:
3101:
Holst, Lone; Haavik, Svein; Nordeng, Hedvig (13 June 2009). "Raspberry leaf – Should it be recommended to pregnant women?".
2882:
2686:
2100:
2635:
2133:
1991:
consist of several separate carpels of one apocarpous gynoecium (e.g., raspberries where each unit is a single carpel
1916:
3017:
Carvalho, Elisabete; Fraser, P.D.; Martens, S. (2013). "Carotenoids and tocopherols in yellow and red raspberries".
2425:
2395:
543:. Some botanists consider the Eurasian and American red raspberries to belong to a single, circumboreal species,
2485:
2305:
127:, developing from the numerous distinct carpels of a single flower. What distinguishes the raspberry from its
2978:
Mazur SP, Nes A, Wold AB, Remberg SF, Aaby K (2014). "Quality and chemical composition of ten red raspberry (
2575:
2335:
612:
2605:
2545:
2186:
1686:
2823:
2365:
3213:
2515:
2455:
697:
2744:
1677:
20:
2906:
1975:
2221:
2252:"Nonsense Mutation Inside Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene Controls Pigmentation in Yellow Raspberry (
1864:
645:
raspberries. Yellow-fruited variants of the black raspberry are sometimes grown in home gardens.
2146:
1587:
1057:
Raspberries, among other plants with high sugar content like peaches, are prime targets for the
1808:
Raspberry compounds are under preliminary research for their potential to affect human health.
1933:
1548:
1906:
1849:
1561:
701:
3054:"Red Raspberries and Their Bioactive Polyphenols: Cardiometabolic and Neuronal Health Links"
648:
Red raspberries have also been crossed with various species in other subgenera of the genus
2944:
1825:
1613:
1574:
329:
281:
243:
169:
An individual raspberry weighs 3–5 g (0.11–0.18 oz) and is made up of around 100
2708:
1707:
and fat (table). In a reference amount of 100 g (3.5 oz), raspberries supply 53
8:
3173:
2798:"Production of raspberries in 2022; Pick lists by Crops/Regions/Production Quantity/Year"
2031:
1689:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
369:
132:
2948:
3203:
3078:
3053:
2079:
1879:
1854:
1600:
1528:
1312:
1049:, a fungus that can stay in the soil for many years and can infest the raspberry crop.
961:
931:
594:
469:
313:
36:
3154:
3128:
3083:
3034:
2999:
2960:
2874:
2864:
2287:
2220:
Hedrick, U.P.; Howe, G.H.; Taylor, O.M.; Berger, A.; Slate, G.L.; Einset, O. (1925).
2129:
1912:
1400:
1043:
629:
321:
305:
247:
234:
139:
Raspberries are grown for the fresh fruit market and for commercial processing into
3208:
3118:
3110:
3073:
3065:
3030:
3026:
2995:
2991:
2952:
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1417:
1035:
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1024:
653:
579:
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386:
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239:
76:
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451:
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1874:
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1058:
539:
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345:
289:
124:
96:
3218:
3114:
2858:
2793:
2670:
1802:
1732:
476:
460:
422:
398:
2188:
A Country Mouse with one paw in the
Village:Growing up in Prince Edward County
3197:
1949:
1759:
1728:
1712:
1268:
1206:
1162:
410:
152:
112:
28:
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2251:
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3132:
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3003:
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2291:
1885:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1700:
1626:
1244:
935:
661:
533:
490:
Raspberries are vigorous and can be locally invasive. They propagate using
309:(whitebark raspberry or western raspberry, blue raspberry, black raspberry)
297:
161:
42:
3069:
2822:
2797:
2769:
Klein, M (7 January 2022). Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) (Report).
2717:
1844:
1794:
1782:
1763:
1716:
1708:
1228:
1020:
669:
665:
641:
491:
381:, also called raspberries, are classified in other subgenera, including:
212:
148:
85:
2282:
1817:
1798:
1747:
1727:(32% DV) and dietary fiber (26% DV), but otherwise have low content of
1434:
1383:
657:
615:, Canada, for the cultivar 'Columbian', a hybrid (purple raspberry) of
551:
156:
128:
3123:
1859:
1778:
1724:
1720:
1506:
1493:
1480:
929:
567:, and the native North American red raspberries classified as either
515:
108:
104:
81:
2002:
80:. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are
1786:
1366:
689:
673:
589:
that are thornless and more strongly upright, not needing staking.
586:
524:
484:
170:
72:
68:
2907:"Nutrient data for raw raspberries, USDA Nutrient Database, SR-21"
1908:
Plant
Breeding Reviews, Volume 32: Raspberry Breeding and Genetics
144:
1950:"Raspberry | Description, Fruit, Cultivation, Types, & Facts"
1766:
1704:
1467:
1346:
602:
238:
The fruit of four species of raspberry. Clockwise from top left:
100:
55:
3172:
2934:
2802:
Food and
Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
185:
Halved raspberry, torus does not remain when the fruit is picked
3051:
1736:
1450:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1144:
1126:
1108:
1090:
465:
2249:
3052:
Burton-Freeman, B. M.; Sandhu, A. K.; Edirisinghe, I (2016).
2151:
Fruit
Production for the Home Gardener (Penn State Extension)
1258:
1074:
1016:
373:(mountain raspberry, in southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean)
92:
63:
59:
1839:
637:
211:, "a sweet rose-colored wine" (mid-15th century), from the
2849:
2828:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2007:. North Carolina State University, Cooperative Extension.
1193:
with 22% of the total (table). Other major producers were
1288:
1031:(in North America), whose larvae can damage raspberries.
197:
Halved blackberry, torus remains when the fruit is picked
140:
2683:
2060:
2219:
1023:
species (butterflies and moths). More serious are the
3016:
2701:
1185:
In 2022, world production of raspberries was 947,852
547:, with the European plants then classified as either
1715:. Raspberries are a rich source (20% or more of the
896:
502:
close spacing usually prior to tunnel construction.
459:
Various kinds of raspberries can be cultivated from
91:
World production of raspberries in 2022 was 947,852
2977:
2663:
2147:"Brambles (Fruit Production for the Home Gardener)"
3100:
2860:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2023:
3153:(Crop Production Science in Horticulture). CABI.
1735:food, with total sugar content of only 4% and no
1538:
1356:
833:
3195:
1816:Raspberry leaves can be used fresh or dried in
2816:
2003:Gina Fernandez; Elena Garcia; David Lockwood.
1931:
1223:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
151:used in a variety of grocery products such as
2982:L.) genotypes during three harvest seasons".
2038:. Oregon State University Extension Service.
707:
3103:Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice
2901:
2899:
1904:
797:
758:
627:can also refer to the whitebark raspberry,
2824:United States Food and Drug Administration
3122:
3094:
3077:
2896:
2774:
2281:
2271:
2032:"Growing Raspberries in Your Home Garden"
301:(red raspberry or European red raspberry)
514:
450:
257:
233:
35:
27:
2783:
1015:Raspberries are sometimes eaten by the
131:relatives is whether or not the torus (
3196:
3010:
2930:
2928:
2201:from the original on 21 September 2013
1976:"Angiosperm - Petals, Stamens, Sepals"
3183:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.
2768:
2745:"Japanese beetle - Popillia japonica"
2675:(BYTUTO)[World distribution]"
2616:from the original on 27 February 2021
2556:from the original on 27 February 2021
2526:from the original on 24 February 2021
2466:from the original on 27 February 2021
2316:from the original on 27 February 2021
2120:
2118:
2099:. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2016.
2091:
2089:
2029:
1911:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 51.
1820:, providing an astringent flavor. In
1010:
683:
54:is the edible fruit of several plant
2376:from the original on 23 October 2021
2346:from the original on 21 January 2021
2184:
2103:from the original on 23 October 2021
2042:from the original on 26 January 2021
660:. Later notable hybrids include the
2925:
2157:from the original on 25 August 2017
1750:– up to 6% fiber per total weight.
1699:Raw raspberries are 86% water, 12%
103:. Raspberries are a rich source of
13:
3190:(University of Illinois Extension)
3143:
2913:from the original on 16 April 2014
2689:from the original on 30 April 2021
2230:from the original on 18 March 2012
2115:
2086:
2080:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2000.1100417.x
2011:from the original on 25 April 2019
997:
585:. Recent breeding has resulted in
510:
14:
3230:
3165:
2937:Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
2725:from the original on 24 July 2022
2586:from the original on 4 March 2021
2496:from the original on 6 March 2021
2436:from the original on 4 March 2021
2406:from the original on 4 March 2021
1753:
897:Yellow primocane, Autumn fruiting
266:Examples of raspberry species in
2651:from the original on 7 June 2021
2226:. Albany, New York: J. B. Lyon.
1838:
1155:
1137:
1119:
1101:
1083:
207:Raspberry derives its name from
190:
178:
3149:Funt, R.C.; Hall, H.K. (2012).
3045:
2971:
2885:from the original on 2024-05-09
2838:from the original on 2024-03-27
2762:
2737:
2628:
2598:
2568:
2538:
2508:
2478:
2448:
2418:
2388:
2358:
2328:
2298:
2243:
2213:
2178:
2169:
2139:
2126:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1731:(table). Raspberries are a low-
402:(flowering raspberry, subgenus
349:(American red raspberry) (syn.
262:Purple-fruited raspberry hybrid
3031:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.047
2996:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.174
2054:
1996:
1968:
1942:
1925:
1898:
834:Red primocane, Autumn fruiting
446:
118:
1:
2709:"Raspberry Fruitworm Beetle (
1891:
1064:
656:, the first of which was the
613:Prince Edward County, Ontario
438:(Molucca raspberry, subgenus
390:(boulder raspberry, subgenus
333:(wine raspberry or wineberry)
325:(Australian native raspberry)
46:raspberry fruits on the plant
2957:10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.001
2776:10.1079/cabicompendium.43599
2223:The small fruits of New York
1938:. Lovell Reeve. p. 189.
1703:, and have about 1% each of
1685:Percentages estimated using
1212:
505:
426:(Arctic raspberry, subgenus
365:(yellow Himalayan raspberry)
293:(Tasmanian alpine raspberry)
202:
7:
2185:Woolfrey, Sandra Marshall.
1831:
1678:Link to USDA Database entry
698:Royal Horticultural Society
652:, resulting in a number of
248:Australian native raspberry
71:, most of which are in the
10:
3235:
3115:10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.05.003
2260:Frontiers in Plant Science
1233:220 kJ (53 kcal)
1052:
959:
708:Red, early Summer fruiting
640:that impede production of
414:(snow raspberry, subgenus
229:
21:Raspberry (disambiguation)
18:
1811:
1684:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1449:
1433:
1416:
1399:
1382:
1365:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1222:
798:Red, Late Summer Fruiting
141:individually quick frozen
2124:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
955:
930:Purple (hybrids between
759:Red, Mid-summer Fruiting
680:has also been achieved.
611:is a local name used in
99:, cakes, ice cream, and
3180:Encyclopædia Britannica
2273:10.3389/fpls.2016.01892
1980:Encyclopedia Britannica
1954:Encyclopedia Britannica
1932:George Bentham (1858).
1865:List of culinary fruits
1687:US recommendations
487:and other pollinators.
32:Red-fruited raspberries
3188:Raspberries & More
1691:the National Academies
1073:2022, in thousands of
520:
456:
263:
255:
47:
33:
3070:10.3945/an.115.009639
3058:Advances in Nutrition
2685:(EPPO). 1 July 2011.
2068:Physiologia Plantarum
1905:Jules Janick (2011).
1850:Blue raspberry flavor
1331:Vitamins and minerals
1070:Raspberry production
819:Malling Admiral (AGM)
702:Award of Garden Merit
592:The black raspberry,
518:
454:
341:(Mauritius raspberry)
261:
237:
39:
31:
2909:. Conde Nast. 2014.
2368:Raspberry Plant Care
2036:Growing Small Fruits
2030:Strik, B.C. (2008).
1826:traditional medicine
1758:Raspberries contain
1027:(in Europe) and the
855:Fertödi Kétszertermö
692:have been selected.
621:R. occidentalis
330:Rubus phoenicolasius
282:Rubus crataegifolius
19:For other uses, see
2949:2013PlPB...72...79C
2372:. 21 October 2021.
2005:"Fruit development"
1418:Pantothenic acid (B
1219:
1078:
1029:raspberry fruitworm
849:Joan J. (Thornless)
741:Malling Jewel (AGM)
688:Numerous raspberry
630:R. leucodermis
377:Several species of
370:Rubus fraxinifolius
252:Mauritius raspberry
3214:Plant common names
2800:. United Nations,
2749:entnemdept.ufl.edu
2673:Byturus tomentosus
2490:'Malling Admiral'"
1956:. 24 November 2023
1880:Red raspberry leaf
1855:Chambord (liqueur)
1652:Other constituents
1217:
1069:
1011:Diseases and pests
962:Rubus occidentalis
846:Autumn Bliss (AGM)
684:Selected cultivars
595:Rubus occidentalis
521:
457:
314:Rubus occidentalis
264:
256:
226:or "rough berry".
123:A raspberry is an
48:
34:
3174:"Raspberry"
3159:978-1-84593-791-1
2870:978-0-309-48834-1
1711:and 6.5 grams of
1697:
1696:
1642:
1641:
1183:
1182:
1077:
909:Fertödi Aranyfürt
617:R. strigosus
540:R. strigosus
322:Rubus parvifolius
317:(black raspberry)
306:Rubus leucodermis
285:(Asian raspberry)
240:boulder raspberry
3226:
3184:
3176:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3025:(1–4): 744–752.
3014:
3008:
3007:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2894:
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2778:
2766:
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2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2711:Byturus unicolor
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2667:
2661:
2660:
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2644:
2632:
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2501:
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2415:
2413:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2340:'Malling Jewel'"
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2143:
2137:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1902:
1870:Raspberry ketone
1843:
1842:
1542:
1454:
1438:
1421:
1404:
1387:
1370:
1360:
1327:
1326:
1220:
1218:Raspberries, raw
1216:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1036:Botrytis cinerea
1025:raspberry beetle
1005:
891:Zeva Herbsternte
813:Glen Magna (AGM)
768:Glen Ample (AGM)
387:Rubus deliciosus
362:Rubus ellipticus
338:Rubus rosifolius
244:Korean raspberry
194:
182:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3194:
3193:
3171:
3168:
3146:
3144:Further reading
3141:
3140:
3099:
3095:
3050:
3046:
3015:
3011:
2976:
2972:
2933:
2926:
2916:
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2897:
2888:
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2796:
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2753:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2679:Global Database
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2550:'Autumn Bliss'"
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2484:
2483:
2479:
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2439:
2437:
2424:
2423:
2419:
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2389:
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2299:
2248:
2244:
2233:
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2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2174:
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2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2123:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1875:Raspberry juice
1845:Food portal
1837:
1834:
1814:
1756:
1744:aggregate fruit
1680:
1675:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1543:
1513:
1500:
1487:
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1444:
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1332:
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1215:
1156:
1154:
1138:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1102:
1100:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1067:
1059:Japanese beetle
1055:
1013:
1003:
1000:
998:Dwarf cultivars
995:
989:Ohio Everbearer
964:
958:
953:
940:
936:red raspberries
927:
899:
894:
836:
831:
804:Cascade Delight
800:
795:
761:
756:
747:Rubin Bulgarski
738:Malling Exploit
710:
686:
519:Yellow cultivar
513:
511:Major cultivars
508:
461:hardiness zones
449:
435:Rubus sieboldii
346:Rubus strigosus
290:Rubus gunnianus
232:
205:
198:
195:
186:
183:
125:aggregate fruit
121:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3167:
3166:External links
3164:
3163:
3162:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3093:
3044:
3019:Food Chemistry
3009:
2984:Food Chemistry
2970:
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2895:
2869:
2848:
2815:
2794:United Nations
2782:
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2736:
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2168:
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2114:
2085:
2074:(4): 535–543.
2066:) drupelets".
2053:
2022:
1995:
1967:
1941:
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1847:
1833:
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1813:
1810:
1803:salicylic acid
1760:phytochemicals
1755:
1754:Phytochemicals
1752:
1733:glycemic index
1729:micronutrients
1695:
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960:Main article:
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859:
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853:
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844:
841:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:
828:Tulameen (AGM)
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:Fertödi Rubina
808:
805:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
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762:
760:
757:
755:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:Glen Moy (AGM)
724:
721:
718:
715:
711:
709:
706:
685:
682:
625:Blue raspberry
609:Blue raspberry
577:R. idaeus
569:R. idaeus
559:R. idaeus
549:R. idaeus
534:R. idaeus
512:
509:
507:
504:
448:
445:
444:
443:
431:
423:Rubus arcticus
419:
407:
399:Rubus odoratus
395:
375:
374:
366:
358:
351:R. idaeus
342:
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326:
318:
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294:
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231:
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204:
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120:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3231:
3220:
3217:
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3207:
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3201:
3199:
3189:
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2585:
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2555:
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2511:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2430:'Glen Magna'"
2429:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2400:'Glen Ample'"
2399:
2391:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2345:
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2134:0-333-47494-5
2131:
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2026:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1918:9780470593813
1914:
1910:
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1901:
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1823:
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1809:
1806:
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1796:
1792:
1791:pelargonidins
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:ellagitannins
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:dietary fiber
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:carbohydrates
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1669:
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1432:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1408:
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1398:
1391:
1389:
1384:Riboflavin (B
1381:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
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1314:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:Dietary fiber
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:Carbohydrates
1240:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1210:
1208:
1207:United States
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
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1170:
1166:
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1163:United States
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1128:
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890:
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869:
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857:
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848:
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839:
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827:
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815:
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749:
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720:Fertödi Venus
719:
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693:
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681:
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566:
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546:
542:
541:
536:
535:
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517:
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493:
488:
486:
482:
481:nectar source
478:
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471:
467:
462:
453:
441:
437:
436:
432:
429:
425:
424:
420:
417:
413:
412:
411:Rubus nivalis
408:
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396:
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389:
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367:
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275:
274:
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260:
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245:
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236:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:vinum raspeys
214:
210:
193:
188:
181:
176:
175:
174:
172:
167:
164:
163:
159:can bring on
158:
154:
153:raspberry pie
150:
146:
143:(IQF) fruit,
142:
137:
134:
130:
126:
116:
114:
113:dietary fiber
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
79:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
44:
38:
30:
26:
22:
3178:
3150:
3109:(4): 204–8.
3106:
3102:
3096:
3064:(1): 44–65.
3061:
3057:
3047:
3022:
3018:
3012:
2987:
2983:
2980:Rubus idaeus
2979:
2973:
2940:
2936:
2915:. Retrieved
2887:. Retrieved
2859:
2851:
2840:. Retrieved
2831:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2785:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2716:
2710:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2678:
2672:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2641:
2638:Rubus idaeus
2637:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2608:Rubus idaeus
2607:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2578:Rubus idaeus
2577:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2548:Rubus idaeus
2547:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2518:Rubus idaeus
2517:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2488:Rubus idaeus
2487:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2458:Rubus idaeus
2457:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2428:Rubus idaeus
2427:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2398:Rubus idaeus
2397:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2367:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2338:Rubus idaeus
2337:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2308:Rubus idaeus
2307:
2300:
2263:
2259:
2254:Rubus idaeus
2253:
2245:
2232:. Retrieved
2222:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2187:
2180:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2150:
2141:
2128:. Macmillan
2125:
2105:. Retrieved
2071:
2067:
2064:Rubus idaeus
2063:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
1998:
1990:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1953:
1944:
1934:
1927:
1907:
1900:
1886:Thimbleberry
1815:
1807:
1771:ellagic acid
1757:
1741:
1709:kilocalories
1698:
1656:
1651:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1311:
1287:
1243:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1056:
1045:Verticillium
1044:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1014:
915:Golden Queen
771:Lloyd George
717:Cascade Dawn
694:
687:
677:
662:olallieberry
649:
647:
635:
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
607:
600:
593:
591:
582:
576:
572:
568:
564:
558:
554:
548:
545:Rubus idaeus
544:
538:
532:
527:derive from
522:
500:
496:
492:basal shoots
489:
474:
464:Scotland or
458:
440:Malachobatus
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
391:
385:
378:
376:
368:
360:
354:
350:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
298:Rubus idaeus
296:
288:
280:
271:
267:
265:
223:
219:
215:
208:
206:
168:
162:Phytophthora
160:
147:, juice, or
138:
122:
90:
75:
62:
51:
49:
43:Rubus idaeus
41:
25:
16:Edible fruit
3151:Raspberries
2718:iNaturalist
2655:17 February
2642:Ruby Beauty
2620:17 February
2590:17 February
2560:17 February
2530:17 February
2520:'Tulameen'"
2500:17 February
2470:17 February
2440:17 February
2410:17 February
2350:17 February
2320:17 February
2310:'Glen Moy'"
2283:10449/36981
2097:"Raspberry"
1818:herbal teas
1783:gallic acid
1764:anthocyanin
1748:whole foods
1717:Daily Value
1367:Thiamine (B
1021:Lepidoptera
1004:Ruby Beauty
918:Honey Queen
879:Polka (AGM)
825:Schoenemann
670:marionberry
666:boysenberry
642:anthocyanin
447:Cultivation
416:Chamaebatus
404:Anoplobatus
392:Anoplobatus
213:Anglo-Latin
149:dried fruit
119:Description
86:woody stems
69:rose family
3198:Categories
2990:: 233–40.
2889:2024-06-21
2842:2024-03-28
2380:23 October
2234:23 October
2205:23 October
2161:23 October
2107:23 October
2046:23 October
1985:6 December
1960:6 December
1892:References
1799:kaempferol
1762:, such as
1723:(32% DV),
1601:Phosphorus
1205:, and the
1065:Production
974:Cumberland
968:Black Hawk
944:Brandywine
912:Goldenwest
753:Willamette
723:Glen Clova
658:loganberry
470:Washington
273:Idaeobatus
218:, or from
157:irrigation
133:receptacle
129:blackberry
77:Idaeobatus
3204:Raspberry
3124:1956/3702
2943:: 79–86.
2580:'Joan J'"
1860:Framboise
1795:catechins
1787:cyanidins
1779:quercetin
1725:manganese
1721:vitamin C
1719:, DV) of
1614:Potassium
1588:Manganese
1575:Magnesium
1507:Vitamin K
1494:Vitamin E
1481:Vitamin C
1451:Folate (B
1435:Vitamin B
1401:Niacin (B
1213:Nutrition
1189:, led by
924:Kiwi Gold
867:Josephine
816:Leo (AGM)
789:Chemainus
729:Killarney
690:cultivars
587:cultivars
583:strigosus
573:strigosus
525:cultivars
506:Cultivars
485:honeybees
428:Cyclactis
355:strigosus
276:include:
270:subgenus
203:Etymology
171:drupelets
109:manganese
105:vitamin C
97:preserves
82:perennial
52:raspberry
40:European
3133:19880082
3088:26773014
3039:23561169
3004:24799233
2965:23622736
2917:16 April
2911:Archived
2883:Archived
2879:30844154
2836:Archived
2826:(2024).
2754:25 April
2729:28 April
2723:Archived
2693:28 April
2687:Archived
2649:Archived
2645:= 'Nr7'"
2614:Archived
2610:'Polka'"
2584:Archived
2554:Archived
2524:Archived
2494:Archived
2464:Archived
2434:Archived
2404:Archived
2374:Archived
2344:Archived
2314:Archived
2292:28066458
2228:Archived
2196:Archived
2155:Archived
2101:Archived
2040:Archived
2015:9 August
2009:Archived
1832:See also
1767:pigments
1657:Quantity
1535:Quantity
1529:Minerals
1445:0.055 mg
1429:0.329 mg
1412:0.598 mg
1395:0.038 mg
1378:0.032 mg
1353:Quantity
1347:Vitamins
1019:of some
983:Morrison
906:Fallgold
858:Heritage
852:Caroline
786:Cowichan
777:Newburgh
765:Cuthbert
744:Prelude
674:tayberry
531:between
477:biennial
101:liqueurs
73:subgenus
3209:Berries
3079:4717884
2945:Bibcode
2792:of the
2790:FAOSTAT
2647:. RHS.
2612:. RHS.
2582:. RHS.
2552:. RHS.
2522:. RHS.
2492:. RHS.
2462:. RHS.
2432:. RHS.
2402:. RHS.
2342:. RHS.
2312:. RHS.
2240:page 96
1705:protein
1634:0.42 mg
1595:0.67 mg
1569:0.69 mg
1549:Calcium
1501:0.87 mg
1488:26.2 mg
1475:12.3 mg
1468:Choline
1313:Protein
1252:11.94 g
1053:Animals
1006:= 'Nr7'
992:Scepter
971:Bristol
950:Royalty
947:Glencoe
843:Augusta
822:Octavia
792:Saanich
735:Malahat
654:hybrids
603:Vermont
571:subsp.
529:hybrids
230:Species
220:raspoie
209:raspise
67:of the
58:in the
56:species
3157:
3131:
3086:
3076:
3037:
3002:
2963:
2877:
2867:
2808:29 May
2804:. 2024
2460:'Leo'"
2290:
2132:
1915:
1882:(herb)
1822:herbal
1812:Leaves
1737:starch
1666:85.8 g
1621:151 mg
1514:7.8 ÎĽg
1296:0.65 g
1263:4.42 g
1259:Sugars
1229:Energy
1203:Poland
1199:Serbia
1195:Mexico
1191:Russia
1187:tonnes
1160:
1145:Poland
1142:
1127:Serbia
1124:
1109:Mexico
1106:
1091:Russia
1088:
1075:tonnes
1017:larvae
986:Munger
888:Summit
885:Ripley
882:Rafiki
876:Mapema
870:Kwanza
864:Joan J
783:Skeena
780:Ripley
774:Meeker
732:Latham
672:, and
565:idaeus
555:idaeus
552:subsp.
466:Oregon
455:Flower
250:, and
111:, and
93:tonnes
3219:Rubus
2199:(PDF)
2192:(PDF)
1663:Water
1608:29 mg
1582:22 mg
1556:25 mg
1462:21 ÎĽg
1320:1.2 g
1273:6.5 g
1173:World
980:Logan
977:Jewel
956:Black
932:black
921:Jambo
873:Kweli
861:Imara
840:Amity
750:Titan
714:Boyne
678:Rubus
650:Rubus
638:genes
575:, or
379:Rubus
353:var.
268:Rubus
145:purée
84:with
64:Rubus
60:genus
3155:ISBN
3129:PMID
3084:PMID
3035:PMID
3000:PMID
2961:PMID
2919:2014
2875:PMID
2865:ISBN
2810:2024
2756:2024
2731:2021
2695:2021
2657:2021
2622:2021
2592:2021
2562:2021
2532:2021
2502:2021
2472:2021
2442:2021
2412:2021
2382:2021
2352:2021
2322:2021
2288:PMID
2256:L.)"
2236:2021
2207:2021
2163:2021
2130:ISBN
2109:2021
2048:2021
2017:2018
1987:2023
1962:2023
1913:ISBN
1824:and
1801:and
1742:The
1627:Zinc
1562:Iron
1149:105
1131:116
1113:174
1095:212
1047:wilt
934:and
903:Anne
807:Coho
619:and
580:var.
562:var.
537:and
483:for
224:rasp
50:The
3119:hdl
3111:doi
3074:PMC
3066:doi
3027:doi
3023:139
2992:doi
2988:160
2953:doi
2832:FDA
2771:doi
2278:hdl
2268:doi
2076:doi
2072:110
1593:29%
1540:%DV
1486:29%
1358:%DV
1289:Fat
1178:948
1167:76
700:'s
557:or
468:or
88:.
3200::
3177:.
3127:.
3117:.
3107:15
3105:.
3082:.
3072:.
3060:.
3056:.
3033:.
3021:.
2998:.
2986:.
2959:.
2951:.
2941:72
2939:.
2927:^
2898:^
2881:.
2873:.
2834:.
2830:.
2747:.
2721:.
2715:.
2713:)"
2681:.
2677:.
2286:.
2276:.
2266:.
2262:.
2258:.
2194:.
2153:.
2149:.
2117:^
2088:^
2070:.
2034:.
1989:.
1978:.
1952:.
1797:,
1793:,
1789:,
1785:,
1781:,
1777:,
1773:,
1769:,
1739:.
1632:4%
1619:5%
1606:2%
1580:5%
1567:4%
1554:2%
1512:7%
1499:6%
1473:2%
1460:5%
1443:3%
1427:7%
1410:4%
1393:3%
1376:3%
1209:.
1201:,
1197:,
704:.
668:,
664:,
633:.
623:.
246:,
242:,
115:.
107:,
3161:.
3135:.
3121::
3113::
3090:.
3068::
3062:7
3041:.
3029::
3006:.
2994::
2967:.
2955::
2947::
2921:.
2892:.
2845:.
2812:.
2779:.
2773::
2758:.
2733:.
2697:.
2671:"
2659:.
2636:"
2624:.
2606:"
2594:.
2576:"
2564:.
2546:"
2534:.
2516:"
2504:.
2486:"
2474:.
2456:"
2444:.
2426:"
2414:.
2396:"
2384:.
2370:"
2366:"
2354:.
2336:"
2324:.
2306:"
2294:.
2280::
2270::
2264:7
2238:.
2209:.
2165:.
2136:.
2111:.
2082:.
2078::
2062:(
2050:.
2019:.
1964:.
1921:.
1693:.
1455:)
1453:9
1437:6
1422:)
1420:5
1405:)
1403:3
1388:)
1386:2
1371:)
1369:1
938:)
442:)
430:)
418:)
406:)
394:)
357:)
254:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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