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William Stark (physician)

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and, sometimes, blood. There was probably a hypovolaemia present. At the postmortem inspection, probably the main findings were pulmonary oedema and multiple extravasations of blood in the lungs. Also noted were an inflamed ileum and a flaccid heart. It is suggested that Stark died from a phaeochromocytoma1G-12 (were the enlarged "mesenteric glands" multiple, ectopic tumors?).
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After eight months of experimenting, he died on 23 February 1770, at the age of twenty-nine. Stark died after five days of severe headache, abdominal pain, tachycardia, fever, anxietas praecordium, marked restlessness, oliguria, a conspicuously florid facies, and persistent spitting of "sweet saliva"
170:. He kept accurate measures of temperature and weather conditions, the weights of all food and water he consumed, and the weight of all daily excretions. Stark also recorded how he felt on a daily basis, he described himself as being a healthy, 6-foot-tall (1.8 m) young man. 123:, the eldest son of Thomas Stark, a merchant of Manchester. (also sometimes described as of 'Scottish parents'). He studied philosophy at Glasgow University, where he graduated MA in 1758, and then proceeded to Edinburgh, where he became friends with 260:, he would have known to include citrus fruits in his experimental diet. Instead he followed Pringle's advice to abstain from salt. His friends attributed his death to "the impudent zeal with which he prosecuted his investigations". 555: 159:, and his experimenting was triggered by Ben Franklin's description of how, as a printer, he had survived for 2 weeks on a simple diet of bread and water. 185:
for thirty-one days. He became 'dull and listless' so ate better until he recovered. He resumed experimenting by adding various foods, one at a time -
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in London, June 1769, with a series of dietary experiments on himself. He devised a series of 24 dietary experiments in an effort to prove that a
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The works of the late William Stark … consisting of clinical and anatomical observations, with experiments dietetical and statical (1788)
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His legacy was not a breakthrough discovery but his detailed record keeping indicated the importance of
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Alan Saunders, "Martyrs of Nutrition." Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of William Stark
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for thirty-one days, but died after only eight months whilst living exclusively on honey puddings and
107:. Although he was experimenting with diet restriction, autopsy findings suggest that he died from a 135:(1728–1773), and undertook experiments on blood and other animal fluids. He studied medicine at the 152: 128: 127:. He moved to London in 1765, and concentrated on the study of medicine, entering as a pupil at 525: 443: 91:
by experimenting on himself with fatal consequences. He devised 24 restrictive diets, such as
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Who goes first?: the story of self-experimentation in medicine By Lawrence K. Altman
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Specimen medicum inaugurale septem historias et dissectiones dysentericorum exhibens
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Alan Saunders, "Martyrs of Nutrition." Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
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By November 1769 he was living on nothing but pudding, albeit with
168:"pleasant and varied diet was as healthful as simpler strict diets" 162:
Encouraged and advised by John Pringle, Stark began his study of
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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, William Stark biography
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to later researchers. Had he heeded the recent discoveries of
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Vanderbilt University Medical Center. "Scurvy and Vitamin C"
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Vanderbilt University Medical Center. "Scurvy and Vitamin C"
457:"William Stark (1740–1770): His Life, Manuscript and Death" 337:"William Stark (1740–1770): His Life, Manuscript and Death" 210: 206: 190: 202: 556:
Health professionals from Birmingham, West Midlands
532: 173:His experiment started with a basic diet of 426:Vanderbilt Medical Library - William Stark 232:but was still working through tests with 410: 408: 406: 404: 392: 390: 388: 386: 146: 533: 439: 437: 435: 433: 299: 297: 295: 293: 291: 289: 287: 285: 283: 454: 401: 334: 319: 317: 315: 313: 311: 87:and medical pioneer who investigated 551:18th-century English medical doctors 383: 430: 280: 243: 224:. He had considered testing fresh 83:(1740 or 1741–1770) was an English 13: 308: 270:, eighteen years after his death. 14: 577: 519: 240:when he died in February 1770. 448: 419: 328: 1: 455:Doyle, Leslie (August 2000). 444:FAQs Biography, William Stark 335:Doyle, Leslie (August 2000). 273: 114: 461:Journal of Medical Biography 341:Journal of Medical Biography 7: 131:. He studied anatomy under 10: 582: 473:10.1177/096777200000800304 353:10.1177/096777200000800304 151:Stark was a friend of Sir 74: 64: 57: 47: 35: 27: 20: 566:Leiden University alumni 264:James Carmichael Smyth 147:Self experimentation 137:University of Leiden 129:St George's Hospital 119:William was born in 561:Deaths from scurvy 526:Biography at faqs 157:Benjamin Franklin 109:phaeochromocytoma 78: 77: 59:Scientific career 573: 501: 500: 452: 446: 441: 428: 423: 417: 412: 399: 394: 381: 380: 332: 326: 321: 306: 301: 244:Death and legacy 39:23 February 1770 18: 17: 581: 580: 576: 575: 574: 572: 571: 570: 531: 530: 522: 505: 504: 453: 449: 442: 431: 424: 420: 413: 402: 395: 384: 333: 329: 322: 309: 302: 281: 276: 246: 238:Cheshire cheese 149: 117: 105:Cheshire cheese 43: 40: 23: 12: 11: 5: 579: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 529: 528: 521: 520:External links 518: 517: 516: 511: 503: 502: 467:(3): 146–148. 447: 429: 418: 400: 382: 347:(3): 146–148. 327: 307: 278: 277: 275: 272: 245: 242: 218:black currants 181:with a little 148: 145: 125:William Cullen 116: 113: 99:with a little 76: 75: 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 55: 54: 49: 45: 44: 41: 37: 33: 32: 29: 25: 24: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 578: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 536: 527: 524: 523: 515: 512: 510: 507: 506: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 451: 445: 440: 438: 436: 434: 427: 422: 416: 411: 409: 407: 405: 398: 393: 391: 389: 387: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 331: 325: 320: 318: 316: 314: 312: 305: 300: 298: 296: 294: 292: 290: 288: 286: 284: 279: 271: 269: 265: 261: 259: 255: 250: 241: 239: 236:puddings and 235: 231: 227: 223: 220:to celebrate 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 171: 169: 165: 160: 158: 154: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 112: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 81:William Stark 73: 70: 67: 63: 60: 56: 53: 50: 46: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22:William Stark 19: 16: 541:1740s births 464: 460: 450: 421: 344: 340: 330: 267: 262: 251: 247: 215: 172: 167: 161: 153:John Pringle 150: 140: 118: 80: 79: 58: 15: 546:1770 deaths 199:boiled beef 133:John Hunter 48:Nationality 535:Categories 274:References 266:published 258:James Lind 230:vegetables 222:Boxing Day 121:Birmingham 115:Early life 481:0967-7720 361:0967-7720 254:vitamin C 187:olive oil 143:in 1766. 85:physician 69:physician 497:20247640 489:10954922 377:20247640 369:10954922 193:, roast 52:English 495:  487:  479:  375:  367:  359:  226:fruits 209:, and 164:scurvy 155:, and 89:scurvy 65:Fields 42:London 493:S2CID 373:S2CID 234:honey 195:goose 183:sugar 179:water 175:bread 101:sugar 97:water 93:bread 485:PMID 477:ISSN 365:PMID 357:ISSN 228:and 211:veal 207:figs 191:milk 177:and 95:and 36:Died 31:1740 28:Born 469:doi 349:doi 203:fat 537:: 491:. 483:. 475:. 463:. 459:. 432:^ 403:^ 385:^ 371:. 363:. 355:. 343:. 339:. 310:^ 282:^ 205:, 201:, 197:, 189:, 111:. 499:. 471:: 465:8 379:. 351:: 345:8

Index

English
physician
physician
scurvy
bread
water
sugar
Cheshire cheese
phaeochromocytoma
Birmingham
William Cullen
St George's Hospital
John Hunter
University of Leiden
John Pringle
Benjamin Franklin
scurvy
bread
water
sugar
olive oil
milk
goose
boiled beef
fat
figs
veal
black currants
Boxing Day
fruits

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