392:. When he took over he was asked to take part in an experiment by the Admiralty to dispense with ships' police, transferring their duties to petty officers. He also introduced an innovation of his own, to divide the ship's crew into three watches rather than the customary two. Hall believed that in the war with Germany which he expected, it would be impossible to run a ship continuously with just two watches. The change attracted much ridicule but when war came it was adopted on all large ships. A religious man, he arranged that a chapel was provided on board the ship, and this innovation too was adopted generally. He felt it important that the authority of petty officers should be boosted, and he did this by improving their quarters. He arranged for washing machines on board, for the convenience of the officers who no longer had to pay for laundry ashore, and to the benefit of sailors who were 'tipped' to carry out the washing. He introduced a bookshop on board, and the navy's first shipboard cinema. Inadequacies in the water supply meant that it took an hour for all the stokers to finish washing after duty: Hall insisted that his engineers find a solution to provide enough hot water that they could all wash in 15 minutes, giving them more free time. These changes too became standard. Hall was criticised for being too soft with his crews, but his requirements for discipline were not relaxed. Rather, he believed that reward was necessary as well as punishment. Living conditions in society were improving generally and he believed the Navy must keep pace with standards ashore.
342:. Although not a conventional warship, this now involved Hall in intelligence work. The ship visited foreign ports, particularly in Germany which was now seen as the navy's greatest potential enemy, and Hall started the tour with a long list of places to investigate. In Kiel he was tasked with discovering how many slips had been constructed for building large vessels. To do this he devised a ruse with the help of the Duke of Westminster, who was visiting the port and agreed to lend his motor boat for the task. Hall and a couple of officers dressed down as sailors and took the yacht on a full speed circuit of the harbour, pretending to break down by the naval dockyard. A concealed camera was then used to take photographs of the installations. More information was discovered by careful questions ashore.
437:. According to Oliver, Hall's wife wrote to him on behalf of her husband requesting that he replace Oliver in the Intelligence Division. Hall served as DID (the title eventually reverted to the pre-1911 "DNI") until January 1919, when he retired from active duty. It turned out to be a fortunate appointment, for he was responsible for building up the naval intelligence organization during the war, encouraged codebreaking and radio-intercept efforts, and provided the fleet with good intelligence, making the division the pre-eminent British intelligence agency during the war. He also encouraged cooperation with other British intelligence organizations, such as
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them overboard, and indeed this happened. Hall instructed the master at arms to look out for two sailors who had previously been friends but who now avoided each other. He took one, told him that the other had confessed they had removed the sights, and the sailor duly confessed. Behaviour on board improved. Although Hall imposed discipline strictly, he also showed concern for the men he commanded and for their welfare, which was unusual for that time. He took particular care for the boys and junior seamen.
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654:, a list of people residing in the UK, whom the Nazi leadership and/or its intelligence service regarded as particularly important or (from their point of view) dangerous and who for that reason were slated to be tracked down and apprehended with heightened priority by special task forces of the SS, that were to follow on the heels of the occupying forces in case of a successful invasion of the British islands by the Wehrmacht.
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a striking illustration of the apparent manipulation of intelligence in order to prod the Irish authorities into more forceful action...when the
British Government was unable to provide convincing evidence of a 'German Plot', nationalist Ireland concluded that it had been invented as retribution for
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which was commissioning with a new crew to operate in the
Mediterranean. Hall had a reputation as a strict disciplinarian with an ability to get the best out of a crew, so he was given some of the worst sailors to bring up to scratch. A trick of disaffected sailors was to remove gunsights and throw
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He was known as "Blinker" on account of a chronic facial twitch, which caused one of his eyes to "flash like a Navy signal lamp". His daughter attributed this to childhood malnutrition. (He had attended a military boarding school in which the boys had to fill their bellies by stealing turnips from
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following the death of her captain, F.C.A. Ogilvy. Ogilvy had obtained a high reputation for his ship which had beaten all records at gunnery but Hall managed to step into Ogilvy's place, retaining the confidence of the crew and bettering the gunnery record the following year. His reputation for
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In 1910 two officers, Lieutenant
Brandon and Captain Trench, who had been part of Hall's crew gathering intelligence, were sent on a 'holiday' in Germany to collect information about coastal defences by Captain Regnart of the intelligence division. The two were captured and served two-and-a-half
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In 1894 Hall married Ethel
Wootton de Wiveslie Abney, daughter of Sir William. The engagement had begun when he was aged 19, five years before, but at the time this was still considered a young age for a naval officer to get married. In 1895 he was appointed as gunnery lieutenant on the cruiser
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When the United States broke off diplomatic relations with
Germany, intercepted traffic between the US German legation and Berlin dried up as a key source of British intelligence. Less reliable information was used by intelligence chiefs including Admiral Hall, such as 'spy-obsessed loyalist
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unorthodox treatment of his men continued to grow, making it his business to reform recalcitrant sailors rather than simply punishing them. He had the knack of threatening men with punishments he could not deliver (such as dismissal from the service) if they did not reform, and succeeded.
414:, where the battlecruisers were called upon to support a raid by destroyers and cruisers against German patrol ships operating off Heligoland. The raid was hailed as a British success, although behind the scenes it was marred by poor communications between the British forces involved.
402:, where the fleet officers and sailors were entertained by the Russian royal family, and a lavish ball was held on board ship as the culmination of the visit. It was the last such visit before World War I commenced and the battlecruisers transferred to their initial wartime base at
507:, but refused to reveal his sources, so that when information of the rising did reach the government, its authenticity was questioned. Hall interrogated Casement and allegedly refused Casement the opportunity of making a public demand for the cancellation of the uprising.
265:. In 1889 he became acting sub-lieutenant before attending courses for his Lieutenant's examinations at Greenwich, the gunnery school and torpedo school, where he achieved first class grades in all five of the subjects. Now as Lieutenant he was posted to the
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Germany. The admiralty then denied any responsibility for what had happened to the pair and their considerable financial loss as a result. When appointed director of intelligence, Hall arranged for them to be compensated.
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335:, as Inspecting Captain of the new Mechanical Training Establishments, which Fisher had established to give engineering training to ordinary sailors (1906–7). He was next appointed captain of the cadet training ship
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as a "clear case of genius", while
American attaché Edward Bell described him as "a perfectly marvelous person but the coldest-hearted proposition that ever was – he'd eat a man's heart and hand it back to him."
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235:, the first head of Naval Intelligence, who married the daughter of the Reverend George Armfield from Armley, Leeds. Hall decided on a naval career for himself when taken on a cruise on board
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Despite his retirement from military and political life, Hall by the late 1930s had been identified as an important target person by the
National Socialist police apparatus: in early 1940 the
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1925–1929. As an MP, in 1919 he and a group of industrialists founded a group to counter subversive actions against free enterprise known as
National Propaganda, which was later renamed the
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Hall's health had deteriorated under the stress of continuous sea service, and after three months matters had reached the point where he was obliged to request posting away from the ship.
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In that analysis, Irish public opinion was wrong. Based on the faulty intelligence information made available to them, 'British ministers sincerely believed the threat was real'.
635:. In the 1920s and 1930s he travelled extensively in the United States to give lectures on intelligence gathering matters. Too old to return to active service on the outbreak of
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into
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Entry on William Reginald Hall on the Sonderfahndungsliste G.B. (reproduced on the website of the Imperial War Museums in London)
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1 January 1901, in recognition of services with naval forces in South Africa, and later served on the battleship
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where he served for two years before being appointed to the senior staff at Whale Island. He was promoted to
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The code breakers of Room 40: the story of Admiral Sir William Hall, genius of British counter-intelligence
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neighbouring farms). Today, such a twitch is also thought to be symptomatic of a mild form of
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Thanks to intercepts from Room 40, Hall was instrumental in the interception of the steamer
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years of a four-year sentence, before being pardoned in May 1913 as part of a visit by King
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In December 1905 he was promoted to captain and appointed by the First Sea Lord, Sir
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Her Majesty's Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community
914:. Vol. 1 History of British intelligence. Boydell Press. pp. 23–24.
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A Clear Case of Genius: Admiral Sir Reginald 'Blinker' Hall's Autobiography'
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British spies and Irish rebels: British intelligence and Ireland, 1916–1945
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after disembarking from a German U-Boat. Hall was aware of the upcoming
1067:'Blinker' Hall: Spymaster: The Man who Brought America into World War I
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The Eyes of the Navy: A Biographical Study of Admiral Sir Reginald Hall
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Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
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affair in 1924, which led to the victory of the Conservatives in the
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corporation, and firebombed munitions ships and armaments factories.
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in 1884 and two years later was appointed to the armoured cruiser
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Reginald Hall was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, eldest son of
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Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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and, among many other things, had financed and encouraged
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Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Room 40's decryptions also led to the capture of Captain
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Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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where he served on the flagship, the armoured cruiser
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Commanders of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
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Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class
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756:(Reprint ed.). St. Martin's Press. p. 5
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376:From 1911 to 1913 he served as assistant to the
200:he was responsible for the establishment of the
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1532:Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
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873:Andrew (2004). "Her Majesty's Secret Service".
588:. He was knighted in 1918 and was promoted to
1107:in Cambridge and are accessible to the public.
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365:was called upon to assist a sailing ship, the
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1033:Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914–1918
945:(Supplement). 30 October 1917. p. 11322.
693:Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star
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934:Order of the Rising Sun, conferred 1917 --
354:Hall was appointed to the armoured cruiser
310:, flagship of the second in command of the
242:by his father. He joined the training ship
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34:For other people named William Hall, see
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1137:Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
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27:For the British endocrinologist, see
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1592:Companions of the Order of the Bath
1101:The Papers of William Reginald Hall
1050:James, Admiral Sir William (1955).
1035:. London: Oxford University Press.
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596:in 1926, both on the retired list.
433:in October 1914, replacing Captain
317:In 1904 he became commander of the
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1607:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
1552:Royal Navy admirals of World War I
1089:. Stroud: The History Press. 2017.
975:Smith, Gordon (29 December 2010).
895:10.1038/scientificamerican1104-28b
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688:Companion of the Order of the Bath
639:, Hall nevertheless served in the
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1071:. Stroud: The History Press.
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784:. 4 January 1901. p. 82.
633:general election of that year
529:the defeat of conscription.'
36:William Hall (disambiguation)
615:from 1919 to 1923, then for
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1627:People of the Easter Rising
1582:British Home Guard officers
1058:. London: Methuen & Co.
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1117:First World War.com -
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908:McMahon, Paul (2008).
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18:William Reginald Hall
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1016:. New York: Viking.
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1253:Edward Marjoribanks
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875:Scientific American
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942:The London Gazette
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1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
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1525:
1523:
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1501:
1498:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
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1387:
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1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:Directors of
1328:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1287:
1286:Herbert Blain
1278:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Hugh Sinclair
1162:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:Reginald Hall
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1042:0-19-281468-0
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:0-670-80941-1
1019:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
982:
978:
971:
969:
967:
965:
957:
952:
944:
943:
938:
931:
923:
917:
913:
912:
904:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
862:. p. 36.
861:
854:
845:
836:
830:James p.10-14
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
783:
782:
777:
771:
755:
754:
749:
743:
734:
730:
720:
716:
714:
711:
708:
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701:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
674:
672:
666:
663:
660:
655:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:United States
556:
552:
548:
544:
534:
530:
525:
523:
522:'German Plot'
519:
511:'German Plot'
508:
506:
502:
501:Easter Rising
498:
494:
490:
489:
483:
482:
474:Easter Rising
466:
464:
463:Basil Thomson
460:
459:Scotland Yard
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:(DID) by the
428:
418:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
390:
386:
381:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
358:
352:
349:
343:
341:
340:
334:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
313:
312:Channel Fleet
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
291:
289:
285:
284:
278:
274:
273:
268:
267:China Station
264:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
247:
241:
240:
234:
231:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
182:
178:
175:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
120:
114:
111:
107:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
56:
51:
44:
41:
37:
30:
19:
1476:Longley-Cook
1280:1923 – 1924
1273:
1231:
1226:George Lloyd
1215:Sydney Jones
1193:
1158:
1153:Henry Oliver
1125:
1118:
1103:are held at
1086:
1066:
1053:
1032:
1011:
984:. Retrieved
980:
951:
940:
930:
910:
903:
878:
874:
868:
859:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
803:James p. 5-6
799:
790:
779:
770:
758:. Retrieved
752:
742:
737:James p. 2-5
733:
667:
656:
645:
637:World War II
606:Conservative
603:
590:vice-admiral
586:rear-admiral
579:
567:labor unions
565:by anti-war
545:, a veteran
540:
532:
527:
514:
487:
479:
477:
435:Henry Oliver
424:
416:
407:
395:
394:
388:
382:
375:
370:
366:
362:
356:
353:
344:
338:
330:
323:
316:
306:
296:
292:
288:Whale Island
282:
271:
257:
251:
245:
238:
227:
206:codebreaking
190:Blinker Hall
189:
176:
172:
144:Battles/wars
76:28 June 1870
40:
1527:1943 deaths
1522:1870 births
1416:Fitzmaurice
1188:F. E. Smith
1130:1803–2005:
937:"No. 30363"
848:James p. 20
812:James p.7-8
776:"No. 27263"
662:Walter Page
547:field agent
443:Vernon Kell
371:Celtic Race
367:Celtic Race
333:John Fisher
321:battleship
307:Magnificent
258:Bellerophon
252:Northampton
218:World War I
208:operation,
148:World War I
81:, Wiltshire
65:Nickname(s)
1516:Categories
1464:Rushbrooke
1368:Battenberg
1237:Eastbourne
1164:1914–1919
999:References
881:(5): 247.
760:30 January
617:Eastbourne
497:Tralee Bay
453:) and the
408:Queen Mary
404:Scapa Flow
396:Queen Mary
389:Queen Mary
378:Controller
324:Cornwallis
272:Imperieuse
202:Royal Navy
130:Royal Navy
94:Allegiance
1404:W.R. Hall
1344:W.H. Hall
1119:Who's Who
821:James p.8
794:James p.5
671:Dyspraxia
611:(MP) for
518:Sinn Féin
431:Admiralty
400:Cronstadt
302:commander
297:Australia
283:Excellent
246:Britannia
237:HMS
139:1884–1919
1410:Sinclair
1362:Custance
1356:Beaumont
1008:(1986).
858:Beesly.
750:(1956).
709:(France)
549:in the
488:Bluebell
348:George V
339:Cornwall
239:Flamingo
116:Service/
79:Britford
1494:Denning
1482:Buzzard
1458:Godfrey
1446:Dickens
1440:Usborne
1434:Domvile
1392:Jackson
1386:Bethell
1127:Hansard
883:Bibcode
860:Room 40
702:(Italy)
695:(Japan)
594:admiral
575:Du Pont
573:of the
563:strikes
553:of the
469:Ireland
461:(under
449:(under
441:(under
230:Captain
210:Room 40
174:Admiral
68:Blinker
1500:Graham
1488:Inglis
1428:Fisher
1422:Hotham
1398:Oliver
1374:Ottley
1350:Bridge
1075:
1039:
1020:
986:1 July
918:
505:Dublin
154:Awards
127:
118:branch
103:
1470:Parry
1452:Troup
1380:Slade
1121:entry
725:Notes
363:Natal
357:Natal
183:
1246:1929
1242:1925
1235:for
1224:Sir
1208:1923
1204:1919
1197:for
1186:Sir
1073:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1018:ISBN
988:2011
916:ISBN
762:2013
486:HMS
337:HMS
281:HMS
244:HMS
181:KCMG
86:Died
73:Born
891:doi
879:291
503:in
481:Aud
465:).
457:of
447:MI6
445:),
439:MI5
204:'s
1518::
979:.
963:^
939:.
889:.
877:.
778:.
673:.
314:.
220:.
185:CB
108:/
1317:e
1310:t
1303:v
1244:–
1206:–
1081:.
1045:.
1026:.
990:.
958:.
924:.
897:.
893::
885::
764:.
38:.
31:.
20:)
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