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444:. The move, widely seen as illegal even outside Germany, caused the outraged Cuno government to call for passive resistance. Reparation shipments to France and Belgium were stopped, the mines were told not to make any more deliveries to the countries, and civil servants and railroad personnel were instructed to disobey orders by the occupation authorities.
412:, who selected him as chancellor. Cuno had a somewhat aloof position towards the Republic and its parliamentary system. He held the Reichstag in fairly low esteem and felt the bickering between the parties to be distasteful. Cuno formed a government composed of six non-party economists plus two members each of the
311:, Cuno was involved in organizing food supplies for all of Germany, first directing the Imperial Grain Agency from its inception in early 1915 until July 1916. It was responsible for the collection and distribution of grain and flour throughout Germany. He then was attached to State Secretary (i.e. Minister)
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The Ruhr economy, the industrial heartland of
Germany, came almost to a complete stop. Financial support payments by the German government to the Ruhr businesses and to the inhabitants of the occupied zone affected by firm closures, deportations and arrests quickly added up to vast sums, mostly
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Cuno retired from politics and returned to serve as a director at HAPAG. In 1926 he once again became its director general. He was involved in negotiations about the release of German property impounded in the U.S. during the war and in working towards the merger with the
440:. When Germany defaulted on its shipments of wood and coal (made as reparations in lieu of the gold currency that it lacked), the French declared it to be a deliberate breach of the agreements and on 11 January 1923 ordered its troops (later joined by Belgians)
332:(HAPAG), Cuno quit the civil service to join the shipping company as a director in November 1917. After Ballin committed suicide in November 1918 in despair over Germany's defeat in World War I, Cuno was promoted to HAPAG's general director in December.
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Hopes were high that a government of experts, led by a man with excellent connections abroad, would make headway in the difficult talks with the Allies. They were, however, disappointed. Cuno's plan to settle the reparations issue and to stabilise the
428:. The government was referred to alternatively as a "business ministry", an "economic government" or "cabinet of personalities", emphasizing that it was not the result of a coalition between the parliamentary parties.
351:. In 1921 and 1922, Cuno was an important negotiator in talks between German shipping firms and the government regarding compensation for the merchant ships delivered to the Allies under the terms of the
220:. When he was appointed chancellor of Germany in November 1922, he formed a "business ministry" made up primarily of men who were, like himself, political independents. His plans to handle the
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and provided financial assistance to the workers and firms affected by it. The payments, made possible primarily by printing money, began the runup to the German hyperinflation of 1923.
255:. He was the son of the administrative civil servant August George Wilhelm Cuno (1848–1915) and his wife Catherina Elisabeth Theresia, née Daske (1852–1878). He studied law in
529:('Government Assessor') was commonly a younger senior civil servant, usually not yet employed on a permanent basis, who had successfully passed the major state examinations.
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Attempts by the government to resume talks about reparations in May and June 1923 failed as
Poincaré refused to negotiate unless passive resistance was ended first. A
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After beginning his career in the civil service, Cuno helped organize
Germany's food supply during the early years of World War I before he went to work for the
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In 1906, Cuno, a Roman
Catholic, married Martha Berta Wirtz (born 1879), daughter of Hamburg merchant Hugo Wirtz. They had three sons and two daughters.
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against the government began in August 1923. On 12 August 1923, Cuno and his cabinet resigned in the face of a vote of no-confidence initiated by the
362:, helping to re-establish HAPAG as a passenger line. He also unofficially represented Germany's foreign policy interests during his travels abroad.
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404:. Cuno was appointed chancellor on 22 November 1922 by presidential decree and without a vote in the Reichstag. He was the first chancellor in the
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shipping company in 1917. Because of his economic expertise, he was involved in a number of important post-war negotiations with the victorious
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in the foreign exchange market was rejected by the Allies at the urging of French prime minister and foreign minister
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489:Wilhelm Marx
485:Centre Party
474:
466:
450:
446:
430:
422:Centre Party
398:Joseph Wirth
387:
372:Cuno cabinet
357:
349:Soviet Union
334:
323:
316:
306:
281:
278:Early career
273:
265:Juris Doctor
242:
234:
211:
194:
193:
150:(1933-01-03)
98:Succeeded by
91:Joseph Wirth
65:
25:Wilhelm Cuno
15:
1379:1933 deaths
1374:1876 births
1340:Olaf Scholz
1316:Helmut Kohl
1185:Hans Luther
966: [
963:Karl Stingl
945:Karl MĂĽller
939:Hans Luther
704:(in German)
674:(in German)
648:(in German)
475:During the
434:German mark
337:reparations
309:World War I
132:2 July 1876
86:Preceded by
1368:Categories
567:References
498:to advise
463:Later life
370:See also:
366:Chancellor
261:Heidelberg
239:Early life
128:1876-07-02
947:(Zentrum)
935:(Zentrum)
779:catalogue
652:6 January
302:Reichstag
253:Thuringia
75:President
66:In office
730:, p. 85.
181:Children
905:Zentrum
789:of the
785:in the
775:in the
708:15 June
678:15 June
619:15 June
507:AumĂĽhle
459:(SPD).
394:cabinet
307:During
155:AumĂĽhle
752:
726:
384:(1923)
257:Berlin
218:Allies
173:Spouse
970:]
953:(DDP)
929:(DVP)
744:[
513:Notes
881:, -)
750:ISBN
724:ISBN
710:2024
680:2024
654:2015
621:2024
420:and
259:and
245:Suhl
168:None
145:Died
135:Suhl
118:Born
29:TOSD
974:BVP
959:(-)
941:(-)
923:(-)
915:DDP
895:DVP
887:(-)
791:ZBW
400:'s
209:.
1370::
968:de
700:.
688:^
670:.
629:^
611:.
575:^
551:A
538:A
525:A
491:.
487:,
416:,
355:.
304:.
271:.
157:,
137:,
1018:e
1011:t
1004:v
976:)
972:(
917:)
913:(
907:)
903:(
897:)
893:(
877:(
855:e
848:t
841:v
758:.
712:.
682:.
656:.
623:.
559:.
184:5
130:)
126:(
58:)
54:(
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