22:
2093:
136:, who argues that "when situated within the history of Anglo-Saxon culture and identity, 'Widsith' clearly belongs to a time prior to the formation of a collective Anglo-Saxon identity, when distinct continental origins were remembered and maintained by the Germanic migrants in the British Isles".
283:
the Goth, Eormanric the Goth, and other legendary figures of the
Germanic past". Historically, we know that one speaker could not travel to see all of these nations in one lifetime. In a similar vein, "I was with the Lidwicingas, the Leonas, and the Langobards", Widsith boasts,
179:" (lines 47, 59, 80). It closes with a brief comment on the importance and fame offered by poets like Widsith, with many pointed reminders of the munificent generosity offered to tale-singers by patrons "discerning of songs".
724:
58:), a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th century, which contains approximately one-sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. "Widsith" is located between the poems "
160:
runs through a list of the various kings of renown, both contemporary and ancient ("Caesar ruled the Greeks"), the model being '(name of a king) ruled (name of a tribe)'. The second
271:
in the 4th century. It is moot whether
Widsith literally intends himself, or poetically means his lineage, either as a Myrging or as a poet, as when "the fictive speaker
164:
contains the names of the peoples the narrator visited, the model being 'With the (name of a tribe) I was, and with the (name of another tribe)'. In the third and final
275:
uses the rhetoric of first-person address to insert himself into the same legendary world that he evokes in the earlier parts of the poem through his allusions to
751:
711:(Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2019-); digital facsimile edition and Modern English translation
120:-history—at least part of it was composed in the 6th century, and that the author demonstrates familiarity with regions outside of Britain, including
168:, the narrator lists the heroes of myth and legend that he has visited, with the model '(Hero's name) I sought and (hero's name) and (hero's name)'.
1596:
150:
Widsith, the closing, and brief comments regarded by some scholars as interpolations, the poem is divided into three 'catalogues', so-called
815:
2042:
1879:
492:
102:, there are none quite like "Widsith", which may be by far the oldest extant work that gives a historical account of the
2073:
1589:
808:
74:
in southwestern
England. The poem is for the most part a survey of the people, kings, and heroes of Europe in the
2122:
1016:
247:
The widely travelled poet
Widsith (his name simply means "far journey") claims himself to be of the house of the
98:, have argued that the piece is an authentic transcription of old heroic songs. Among the works appearing in the
1074:
1002:
765:
739:
2096:
1582:
1286:
1036:
59:
382:
The list of kings of tribes is sorted by "fame and importance", according to
Hedeager, with Attila of the
1987:
1972:
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1269:
1244:
1156:
1150:
992:
653:
Pascual, Rafael (April 2016). "Old
English Metrical History and the Composition of Widsið".
86:
There is some controversy as to when "Widsith" was first composed. Some historians, such as
1605:
1454:
1355:
1118:
595:"Die Wilkinensage: Schlüssel zur unbekannten Frühgeschichte der Niederlande und Belgiens."
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721:, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936)
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522:. Vol. I (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Oxford University Press. p. 29.
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108:
87:
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325:
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229:
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484:
Iron Age myth and materiality: an archaeology of
Scandinavia, AD 400-1000
129:
95:
50:
21:
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1477:
717:, digitised from George Philip Krapp and Elliott Van Kirk Dobbie (eds),
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487:. Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 177–190.
443:
427:
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1952:
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971:
94:'s rule to present "a common glorious past", while others, such as
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1967:
308:, the material remains of which are generally associated with the
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1514:
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1348:
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346:
248:
121:
1937:
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773:
Niles, John D. (2003). "The Myth of the Anglo-Saxon Oral Poet".
550:
Niles, John D. (2003). "The Myth of the Anglo-Saxon Oral Poet".
320:
251:, who had first set out in the retinue of "Ealhild, the beloved
187:
2012:
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2017:
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481:
Lotte, Hedeager (2011). "Knowledge production reconsidered".
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The forests of the
Vistula in the ancient writing tradition
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with the
Hebrews and the Indians, and with the Egyptians...
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2007:
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428:"The Historical Side of the Old English Poem of 'Widsith'"
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I sought
Wulfhere and Wyrmhere; there battle did not abate
1757:
374:", also from the Exeter Book, draws on similar material.
322:
Wulfhere sohte ic ond Wyrmhere; ful oft þær wig ne alæg,
40:, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as
1604:
618:. London: Dent, 1982 (translation into English prose).
612:
Anglo-Saxon poetry: an anthology of Old English poems
725:The original text of the verse with a translation.
294:I was with the Israelites and with the Assyrians,
175:, which may be the earliest mention of the word "
2109:
171:The poem refers to a group of people called the
740:Norton Anthology of English Literature on-line:
259:to the home of the king of the glorious Goths,
625:. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1912.
1590:
809:
623:Widsith: A study in Old English heroic legend
343:when the Gothic army with their sharp swords,
515:
432:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
128:coast. Hedeager is here in agreement with
1597:
1583:
1470:Metrical Preface and Epilogue to Alfred's
816:
802:
752:"Widsith and the Anthropology of the Past"
730:A Verse Translation by Douglas B. Killings
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
742:"The linguistic and literary contexts of
90:, argue that the work was invented after
632:Rosenkilde and Bagger: Copenhagen, 1962.
425:
197:forheowan aet Heorote Heaðobeardna þrym.
20:
708:Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project
652:
465:
370:The poem that is now similarly titled "
2110:
1880:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
823:
536:and the Study of Germanic Antiquity,"
386:coming first, followed immediately by
288:with heathens and heroes and with the
81:
48:of 143 lines. It survives only in the
1578:
797:
772:
749:
644:and the Study of Germanic Antiquity."
549:
480:
1398:"An Exhortation to Christian Living"
377:
314:
189:Hroþwulf ond Hroðgar heoldon lengest
181:
116:argues that "Widsith" goes back to
13:
217:since they repulsed the Viking-kin
144:Excluding the introduction of the
14:
2134:
696:
215:peace together, uncle and nephew,
2092:
2091:
1416:"Old English Psalms" (fragments)
532:Leonard Neidorf, "The Dating of
263:, the cruel troth-breaker". The
193:siþþan hy forwræcon Wicinga cynn
104:Battle of the Goths and the Huns
1486:Metrical Epilogue to CCCC MS 41
70:in 1076, it has been housed in
735:A translation by Bella Millett
589:
570:
543:
526:
509:
419:
330:ymb Wistlawudu wergan sceoldon
267:Eormanric was defeated by the
1:
1392:"Proverb from Winfrid's time"
1337:"Paris Psalter" (BNF MS 8824)
605:
519:A History of the Anglo-Saxons
332:ealdne eþelstol Ætlan leodum.
66:". Since the donation of the
1287:Capture of the Five Boroughs
223:to the spear-point made bow,
7:
1231:For Loss or Theft of Cattle
649:97 (2013): pp. 165–83.
401:
351:their ancient seat against
195:ond Ingeldes ord forbigdan,
191:sibbe ætsomne suhtorfædran,
139:
10:
2139:
2087:
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1735:
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1292:"The Coronation of Edgar"
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961:
928:The Fates of the Apostles
910:
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838:
831:
667:10.1007/s11061-015-9460-6
426:Anscombe, Alfred (1915),
1948:Early Germanic calendars
1467:"Latin-English Proverbs"
1314:The Rime of King William
1063:"The Order of the World"
581:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
413:
304:are the homeland of the
25:First lines of "Widsith"
1614:Gods and divine figures
1443:The Seasons for Fasting
1410:"The Lord's Prayer III"
1297:The Death of King Edgar
1146:"Homiletic Fragment II"
1130:"The Descent into Hell"
750:Niles, John D. (1999).
621:Chambers, R. W. (Ed.).
597:Thidrekssaga-Forum E.V.
408:List of Germanic tribes
321:
255:, from the east out of
188:
37:
2123:English heroic legends
1480:'s translation of the
1404:"The Lord's Prayer II"
954:"Homiletic Fragment I"
757:Philological Quarterly
687:and the Distant Past."
339:
328:here heardum sweordum,
318:
204:
185:
42:"The Traveller's Song"
26:
1835:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
1821:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1401:"A Summons to Prayer"
1309:"The Death of Edward"
1245:For Water-Elf Disease
1163:The Husband's Message
1143:"The Lord's Prayer I"
516:R.H. Hodgkin (1952).
24:
2067:Modern pagan revival
2043:Wetlands and islands
1893:Old English language
1606:Anglo-Saxon paganism
1476:Metrical Preface to
1356:The Battle of Maldon
1280:Battle of Brunanburh
1124:"The Judgment Day I"
768:on 29 November 2014.
628:Malone, Kemp (Ed.).
78:of Northern Europe.
1926:Society and culture
1869:Finnesburg Fragment
1849:De temporum ratione
1304:The Death of Alfred
1224:For a Swarm of Bees
1051:The Fortunes of Men
394:; by contrast, the
349:woods had to defend
82:Date of composition
64:The Fortunes of Men
1541:Alliterative verse
1419:"The Kentish Hymn"
1377:Solomon and Saturn
1342:Finnsburh Fragment
1332:Metres of Boethius
1022:"The Gifts of Men"
825:Old English poetry
27:
2118:Old English poems
2105:
2104:
1963:Germanic paganism
1717:Hengist and Horsa
1676:Wayland the Smith
1572:
1571:
1503:
1502:
1455:Bede's Death Song
1395:"Judgment Day II"
1238:For Delayed Birth
1119:The Wife's Lament
1106:Wulf and Eadwacer
942:Dream of the Rood
585:Porticus Vipsania
494:978-0-415-60604-2
396:Byzantine emperor
378:Tribes of Widsith
368:
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302:(Widsith, v. 121)
277:Wayland the Smith
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1887:Nine Herbs Charm
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1546:Beasts of battle
1382:"The Menologium"
1252:Nine Herbs Charm
1092:Soul and Body II
1068:The Rhyming Poem
901:Christ and Satan
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769:
764:. Archived from
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681:Weiskott, Eric.
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616:S. A. J. Bradley
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310:Wielbark Culture
213:held the longest
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112:. Archaeologist
72:Exeter Cathedral
46:Old English poem
16:Old English poem
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1425:"The Gloria II"
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1217:A Journey Charm
1203:Against a dwarf
1187:Metrical charms
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1087:"The Partridge"
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1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:Leiden Riddle
1459:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:Against a Wen
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1133:"Alms-Giving"
1132:
1129:
1127:"Resignation"
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
923:
922:
918:
917:
915:
913:
912:Vercelli Book
909:
903:
902:
898:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
873:
872:
870:
868:
864:
858:
857:
853:
851:
850:
846:
845:
843:
841:
837:
834:
830:
826:
819:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
799:
796:
788:
784:
781:(1/2): 7–61.
780:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
745:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
716:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:Foys, Martin
701:
700:
691:
690:Neophilologus
688:
686:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Neophilologus
651:
648:
647:Neophilologus
645:
643:
637:
634:
631:
627:
624:
620:
617:
613:
610:
609:
598:
592:
586:
582:
578:
573:
565:
561:
558:(1/2): 7–61.
557:
553:
546:
539:
538:Neophilologus
535:
529:
521:
520:
512:
504:
500:
496:
490:
486:
485:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
418:
409:
406:
405:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
375:
373:
364:
361:
360:
356:
354:
348:
338:
335:
333:
327:
317:
316:
313:
311:
307:
303:
297:
291:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
241:
239:—lines 45–49
238:
237:
233:
231:
228:
222:
212:
208:
203:
200:
198:
184:
183:
180:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
149:
148:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:Migration Age
115:
111:
110:
109:Hervarar saga
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:pages 84v–87r
53:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
1916:Wið færstice
1914:
1908:
1907:
1885:
1878:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1736:Other beings
1557:
1481:
1471:
1375:
1349:Waldere A, B
1259:Wið færstice
1043:
1030:The Seafarer
1017:The Wanderer
993:Guthlac A, B
947:
940:
919:
899:
892:
885:
874:
854:
847:
840:Nowell Codex
778:
774:
766:the original
761:
755:
743:
718:
707:
703:
689:
684:
658:
654:
646:
641:
629:
622:
611:
599:2006. p. 129
596:
591:
584:
576:
572:
555:
551:
545:
537:
533:
528:
518:
511:
483:
435:
431:
421:
381:
369:
362:—lines 121–
340:
319:
301:
299:
287:
246:
205:
186:
173:Wicinga cynn
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
156:. The first
152:
145:
143:
130:R.H. Hodgkin
107:
99:
85:
67:
55:
49:
41:
29:
28:
18:
1863:Ealuscerwen
1804:Middangeard
1768:Eoten/Thurs
1413:"The Creed"
1324:Other poems
1075:The Panther
1003:The Phoenix
963:Exeter Book
438:: 123–165,
100:Exeter Book
96:Kemp Malone
92:King Alfred
68:Exeter Book
51:Exeter Book
34:Old English
2112:Categories
1903:Sutton Hoo
1898:Spong Hill
1428:"A Prayer"
1422:"Psalm 50"
1025:"Precepts"
986:Christ III
606:References
579:, 7 BC by
392:Ostrogoths
230:Heaðobards
88:John Niles
76:Heroic Age
2079:Seax-Wica
2074:Heathenry
1993:Moot hill
1797:Locations
1707:Eormenric
1482:Dialogues
1472:Hierdeboc
1438:"Aldhelm"
1387:Maxims II
1370:Rune poem
1270:Chronicle
1082:The Whale
1037:Vainglory
998:"Azarias"
979:Christ II
876:Genesis A
867:Junius MS
675:161170093
503:666403125
460:162685547
388:Eormanric
355:'s host.
290:Hundingas
281:Theodoric
265:Ostrogoth
261:Eormanric
60:Vainglory
30:"Widsith"
2097:Category
2033:Weregild
1953:Folkmoot
1783:Wælcyrge
1551:Kennings
1525:Cynewulf
1478:Wærferth
1175:Riddles
1170:The Ruin
1111:Riddles
1058:Maxims I
972:Christ I
630:Widsith.
402:See also
249:Myrgings
232:' army.
225:hewn at
140:Contents
124:and the
44:, is an
1983:Maypole
1909:Widsith
1842:Beowulf
1828:Æcerbot
1813:Sources
1727:Waldere
1558:Beowulf
1515:Aldhelm
1433:Thureth
1196:Æcerbot
1155:Riddle
1149:Riddle
1138:Pharaoh
1044:Widsith
1010:Juliana
921:Andreas
849:Beowulf
787:1500445
744:Beowulf
685:Widsith
642:Widsith
564:1500445
534:Widsith
452:3678298
390:of the
347:Vistula
345:in the
211:Hroðgar
207:Hroðulf
122:Denmark
62:" and "
2013:Symbel
1973:Horses
1943:Burial
1938:Blōtan
1748:Dragon
1743:Cofgod
1722:Sceafa
1656:Saxnot
1646:Hretha
1641:Gefjon
1631:Ēostre
1520:Cædmon
1363:Durham
894:Daniel
887:Exodus
856:Judith
785:
704:et al.
673:
577:Viscla
562:
501:
491:
458:
450:
353:Attila
324:þonne
257:Angeln
227:Heorot
221:Ingeld
177:Viking
153:thulas
126:Baltic
38:Wīdsīþ
2038:Wicce
2028:Thyle
2023:Thing
2018:Thegn
2003:Rings
1998:Runes
1968:Hearg
1958:Frith
1788:Wight
1702:Beowa
1681:Wōden
1661:Þunor
1636:Frige
1626:Beowa
1534:Other
1508:Poets
1272:poems
1177:61–95
949:Elene
832:Poems
783:JSTOR
671:S2CID
560:JSTOR
456:S2CID
448:JSTOR
414:Notes
326:Hræda
306:Goths
166:thula
162:thula
158:thula
2058:Yule
2053:Wyrd
2008:Scop
1933:Bēot
1856:Deor
1778:Neck
1773:Mare
1763:Ides
1712:Finn
1697:Ægil
1671:Wade
1564:Scop
1113:1–59
1099:Deor
614:tr.
499:OCLC
489:ISBN
384:Huns
372:Deor
273:Deor
269:Huns
219:and
209:and
147:scop
132:and
1978:Law
1758:Elf
1666:Tiw
1651:Ing
1621:Ēse
1151:30b
663:doi
659:100
583:on
440:doi
2114::
1157:60
878:,
779:62
777:.
762:78
760:.
754:.
669:.
657:.
638:.
556:62
554:.
497:.
467:^
454:,
446:,
434:,
430:,
312:.
279:,
36::
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1464:"
1460:"
1457:"
1453:"
1445:"
1441:"
1435:"
1431:"
1389:"
1385:"
1372:"
1368:"
1365:"
1361:"
1358:"
1354:"
1351:"
1347:"
1344:"
1340:"
1334:"
1330:"
1316:"
1312:"
1306:"
1302:"
1299:"
1295:"
1289:"
1285:"
1282:"
1278:"
1261:"
1257:"
1254:"
1250:"
1247:"
1243:"
1240:"
1236:"
1233:"
1229:"
1226:"
1222:"
1219:"
1215:"
1212:"
1208:"
1205:"
1201:"
1198:"
1194:"
1172:"
1168:"
1165:"
1161:"
1140:"
1136:"
1121:"
1117:"
1108:"
1104:"
1101:"
1097:"
1094:"
1090:"
1084:"
1080:"
1077:"
1073:"
1070:"
1066:"
1060:"
1056:"
1053:"
1049:"
1046:"
1042:"
1039:"
1035:"
1032:"
1028:"
1019:"
1015:"
1012:"
1008:"
1005:"
1001:"
995:"
991:"
988:"
984:"
981:"
977:"
974:"
970:"
937:"
933:"
930:"
926:"
880:B
817:e
810:t
803:v
789:.
746:"
692:.
677:.
665::
566:.
505:.
442::
436:9
292:.
54:(
32:(
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