White power skinhead

4185: 6370:, p. 147: "Accordingly, at this early stage, the arresting fashion of choice for group members, which would indeed be an emblem for the Skins for more than 20 years, was already visible. The most distinguishing feature of their style of self-presentation was a shaved head or very closely-cropped hair, which not only was practical in the increasing numbers of physical altercations involving Skins, but also was originally meant to be reactionary against both hippie and wealthy, elitist cultures prevalent at the time (Hamm 1993). Other aspects of their dress typically included blue jeans, thin red suspenders, a bomber jacket, and steel-toed combat boots or Doc Martens (Anti-Defamation League N.d.b)." 3888: 4076: 3907:

estimating the size of local groups. In 1995, around 70,000 of them were estimated to be present in 33 countries (half of them were estimated to be "hard-core activists", the others were estimated to be their friends and associates), including 5,000 in Germany, 4,000 in Czechia, 4,000 in Hungary, and 3,500 in the US. By 2002, 350 white power music bands were active the US and Western Europe, and as of 2012, about 138 racist skinhead organizations were operating worldwide.

1904: 3337: 6358:, p. 264: "This early skinhead era was brief but influential. In the few years before the decline, skinheads emulated their own style of Doc Martens boots, braces, Crombie coats, sheepskin jackets, and mohair suits, in addition to the classic feather cut hairstyle, mini skirt costumes, and fishnet stockings for girls. The style fetishism of the early skinheads was extremely elitist and similar to the mods, details and brands were important." 1966: 51: 3768: 4462:

different by rejecting prevailing societal norms by using shocking imagery (like the wearing of Nazi regalia by motorcycle gangs in the 1960s and punk rockers in the 1970s), probably plays some part in the decision to wear neo-Nazi or racist symbols, or even to adopt the ideas they embody. References to Nazism have also been less significant in countries like Italy or Hungary, where fascist figures like

3903:. Before the Internet came to be widely available after the mid-1990s, white power skinhead music played a key role in the international diffusion of white supremacist ideologies within a highly fragmented racist movement. In many European countries, merchandising – and sometimes illegal racist or Holocaust-denying material – was sold via mail-order or during the touring of bands. 4618:. Pollard says, however, "the appropriation of Odinist/pagan imagery and iconography by racist skinheads seems to be largely symbolic, rather than a serious attempt to adopt an alternative religion to Christianity." Also, Odinism and neo-paganism have been less popular in countries like Italy or Spain, where skinhead groups have maintained a cultural attachment to 4168:(SPLC) noted in 2020 that the skinhead movement had "almost no young recruits" in the United States. The SPLC writes, "Image-conscious white nationalist groups and militant neo-Nazi groups are attracting the younger generation, while new racist skinhead groups are emerging only from the fragments of existing groups. No group is recruiting in significant numbers." 3943:('Turks Out') earned them a reputation as a racist band. In the 1980s, the German neo-Nazi skinheads were known for their violence, sometimes murderous. In 1985, a 76-year-old Jew who had survived the Holocaust was trampled to death during a fight between skinheads and anti-fascist demonstrators. In 1987, skinheads attacked Christians during a festival in 3643:, got closer to community-oriented themes like black liberation and African mysticism, which participated in alienating some white proletarians from the community. In 1973 white skinheads launched a violent melee in a night club, chanting "young, gifted and white" and cutting the speakers as the West Indian disc jockey was playing 3828:'s discourse and public image, Griffin publicly distanced the party from the skinhead subculture after he became its chairman in 1999. The party expelled skinhead members, although it has allowed white power band members to join and has accepted donations from neo-fascist skinhead concerts in the early 2000s. 4265: 3687:

spread across most of Britain, largely "through face to face interaction among the fans at football matches." The cartoon character Black Rat, created in 1970 by French artist Jack Marchal, was adopted by young neo-Fascists in various European nations and became an essential marker of the fringe culture.

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According to Camus and Lebourg, the Nazifying imagery of white power skinheads was "at first largely provocative", and sometimes a way for the proletarian youth "of responding to the sacralization of the memory of World War II". Pollard also notes that "adolescent rebellion", involving a desire to be

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and felt the need to create his own global neo-fascist skinhead movement without any political party affiliation. The music promotion network quickly turned into the "major reference point for young neo-fascists and neo-Nazis throughout Europe who came to Britain to attend the gigs of Skrewdriver and

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The Combat 18 manifesto from the early 1990s called for the shipping of "all non-Whites back to Africa, Asia or Arabia alive or in body-bags, the choice is theirs", and the execution of all "queers", "White race mixers", and "all jews who have actively helped to damage the White race and to put into

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movement. To draw new adherents, the National Front attempted to use the white power music scene to re-frame its message from overt hate of foreigners and minorities to self-love and collective defence of white identity. Donaldson and the National Front founded a record label named White Noise Club,

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Measuring the number of white power skinheads is made difficult by the lack of a formal and organized structure, the issue of overlapping memberships, and a tradition of silence which has been set up in an attempt to cultivate the mystique of their clandestine activities and prevent the police from

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in 1980, "Oi!" soon became synonymous with "skinhead". Unlike many of their followers, however, early Oi! band members were generally not neo-Nazi or even affiliated with right-wing organizations, and they increasingly distanced themselves from some of their fans, who contributed to recurrent riots

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These young proletarians turn neither to the left, which according to them is more inclined to defend the "immigrant delinquent" than "the hard-working white guy", nor to the right, whose conservatism is alien to their own mind-set and mode of life. For them, "the system" has abandoned the little

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Some of the skinhead groups are autonomous, while others are linked to the US-based organizations Blood & Honour and Hammerskin Nation. Contrary to most other countries, the Russian skinhead subculture has attracted members from all income levels, and they have tended to come from the educated

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In July 1981, the "Southall Riots" were sparked when hundreds of skinheads were welcomed at an Oi! gig which was performed in a predominantly-Asian suburb of London. Some skinheads began to attack the neighboring Asian stores, and 400 Asians later responded by burning the venue with paraffin bombs

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Anti-racist skinheads generally emphasize the multicultural roots of the original skinhead subculture, and the authenticity of the skinhead style, which developed outside of the political realm. They oppose the views of white power skinheads, for whom the skinhead subculture emerged from a "pure

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In the first half of the 1980s, the racist faction of the skinhead subculture began to appear in Scandinavia, the Netherlands, West Germany, Austria, the United States, Canada, and Australia; and by the mid-1980s, it also began to appear in France, Belgium, Denmark, and Switzerland. During the

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leaning, present within the skinhead movement since the late 1960s, became progressively dominant in the United Kingdom, fuelled by the job crisis, the economic decline, and an increase in immigration during the late 1970s–early 1980s. By the early 1980s, the white power skinhead subculture had

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in inspiration." Camus and Lebourg also argue that although not all racist skinheads can be classified as 'neo-Nazi', neo-Nazism remains hegemonic in the far-right skinhead movement. Scholars concede at the same time the difficulty of separating the public use of the provocative and subversive

4526:

Women are a minority among the white power skinhead movement. In Britain, France and Germany, they rarely attend events. Female presence at gigs is however more frequent in Italy, and entire families have been seen attending the Aryan and Nordic Fest in the United States. Despite a widespread

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group, in contrast, as known to have enrolled young members from skinhead gangs. The Federal Law on Counteracting Extremist Activity, adopted in 2002 after the skinhead pogroms, was rarely enforced by the police and skinheads are rather prosecuted for murders associated with hooliganism and

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writes that although steel-toed workboots are typical of both racist and anti-racist skinheads, white power skinheads commonly fit their boots with white- or red-coloured laces to signify their affiliation to the subculture. These laces are usually done in a "ladder" style: laces are done

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In Siberia, 7–11% of the military recruits were illiterate in 1997. According to the Department for the Prevention of Violations of the Law by Minors, a subsidiary of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1/3 of school-age offenders did not have a primary education in the spring of

3627:

gave a public voice to widespread anxieties concerning non-white immigration and the "threat" which was supposedly posed by South Asian immigrants. Although there is "little agreement on the extent to which Powell was responsible for racial attacks", the speech may have helped unleash

3835:'s Committee of Inquiry into Racism and Xenophobia reported that the violent and racist skinhead subculture was "by far the most worrying development since the last Committee of Inquiry report ." The death of Donaldson in a car crash in September 1993, followed by that of 4064:

middle class in the urban centres. In 2004, there were about 50,000 self-identified skinheads in the country, with groups active in approximately 85 cities. Up to 2,000 rioters linked to the Russian skinhead movement have participated in an anti-Chechen pogrom in 2006.

4055:'s nationalist agenda, skinheads remain opposed to vestiges of authority in the country. The skinhead subculture presents itself, in the words of scholar Peter Worger, as an "ultra-nationalist alternative to Putin’s state-sanctioned patriotism." The neo-Nazi 3611:

as a social conflict caused by the new presence of South Asian traders and shopkeepers within a community of white and West Indian poor factory workers. Clarke similarly notes that areas where skinheads became the most prominent were "typically either new

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as a "style community", that is to say a "community in which the primary site of identity is personal style", which allows innovative configurations to be made in new geographical and cultural contexts, or around opposing political ideologies – as in the

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other bands." Even though skinhead violence helped damage the National Front's public image, the movement draw thousands of young people to neo-fascism and provided the party with a new medium to diffuse their message. In an effort to clean up both the

4035:. Sensationalized coverage of the skinhead movement by Russian state-owned media until the early 2000s has also participated in the large-scale diffusion of the movement. By the end of 1999 there were 3,500 to 3,800 skinheads in Moscow, up to 2,700 in 4019:. Their number skyrocketed throughout the 1990s, fuelled by economic disorder, the collapse of the education system, and the legitimization of violence against political opponents and minorities by the newly established liberal state, illustrated by 4233:(SHARP), founded in 1986 in New York City, stress the importance of the Jamaican influence in the original British skinhead subculture. The next largest antiracist skinhead organizations are SLO (Skinheads Liberation Organization) and RASH ( 4148:

In the United States, most white power skinhead groups are organized at either the state, county, city or neighborhood level; the Hammerskin Nation is one of the few exceptions, due to its international presence. A 2007 report by the

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and narcissistic values instead of the working class heritage, their opposition to the middle and upper class, the adoption of Nazi imagery by some punks to maximize shock value, and the development of an underground network of punk

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The movement remained unnoticed in the general public until the early 2000s, when acts of violence began to multiply. Skinheads attacked a Vietnamese hostel in October 2000, an Armenian school in March 2001, led a pogrom at the

3847:, "a more extreme, semi-terrorist neo-Nazi splinter group", and eventually to bloody internal feuds between Combat 18 supporters and Blood & Honour loyalists in the mid- and late 1990s. In 1985, a French worker at the 3919:

in 1989 in Eastern Europe, where it has been particularly strong since the transition to capitalism. The white power music scene rapidly embraced the growth of the Internet, which allowed them to bypass local European

3990:

during the 1980s, a period of relative liberalization led by the Soviet regime which allowed for fascist discourses to emerge among young Russian punks, primarily as a reaction against the ideology and history of the

4549:

guy, and gangs constitute a countersociety of pleasure and solidarity. . In every country, the White Power movement shows what happens when entire swathes of marginal populations are abandoned to economic violence.

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in April 1970, with the "Paki-bashers" simply being referred to as "skinheads" in many contemporary reports. By the early 1970s, the reggae scene had ceased to be simply a "party music" and, under the influence of

3935:('Evil Uncles'), formed in 1980 in Frankfurt am Main, lay the ground for the radicalization of the skinhead movement by connecting the music scene with right-wing nationalism. Although they never openly embraced " 4327:), and skinheads themselves – often all three together. Tattoos portraying a "crucified skinhead" are also extremely popular among white power skinheads, with the traditional crucifix sometimes replaced with a 4514:

A central element of this puritanism is the skinhead idea of "naturalness"; their aim is to "eliminate all abnormalities like, homosexuals, lesbians and other kinds of 'sick' and 'deviant' people". Skinheads'

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skinhead movement, which emerged within the skinhead subculture from the late 1970s onward, can be defined by "racism; proletarian consciousness; an aversion to organization, dismissed in favor of

4527:

misogynistic culture and a general absence of commitment to female equality, some skinhead women have rejected the traditional gender roles and can act as aggressively as their male counterparts.

3743:" in the public's opinion by 1982. According to Brown, some lyrical themes of Oi!, such as social frustrations, political repression and working-class pride, were common to other genres such as 3564:

culture of the British middle-class in the 1960–1970s. For instance, the defining skinhead short haircut mostly emerged in reaction to the perceived shift in men's styles away from traditional

4543:, suggesting that he was the victim of a political "assassination". The common skinhead motto "hated but proud" expresses the closed, excluded, but feared lifestyle of white power skinheads. 7005: 4523:

about the demographic decline of the white race embodied in the widespread slogan "9 per cent", meaning that only 9 per cent of the world's population is white by their own calculations.

4436:. American neo-Nazism and white supremacism largely helped "crystallize" the Nazi imagery and have had a powerful influence on the worldwide movement, as evidenced by the popularity of 5159: 6418: 3458:

skinheads. From a group perspective, John Clarke, a professor who studied skinheads in the 1970s, has noted that the "skinhead style represents an attempt to recreate the traditional

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because of the town council's refusal to allow the neo-Nazi Alliance of the German People to hold a meeting in the town hall. In August 1992, racist skinheads participated in the

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on Hitler's birthday in April 2001, then a second pogrom in the Moscow underground transit system in November 2001, which resulted in 4 deaths. Despite some common grounds with

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in the late 1970s, contrasting with the sometimes multiracial bands of the left-wing and unpolitical skinhead resurgence, which rather drew influence from the original Jamaican

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estates or old estates being either developed or experiencing an afflux of outsiders", either Commonwealth immigrants or middle-class whites in search of affordable housing.

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in 1983, the eponymous song becoming "the most recognizable neo-fascist skinhead song". In 1987, a music festival was organized by National Front member Phil Andrewon on

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displaying their affiliation to the white power movement, although some leaders have encouraged members to abstain from receiving tattoos. Frequent depictions include

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skinheads in Europe, partly due to the association of the four middle letters of Lonsdale – NSDA, the only visible part if worn under open jackets – with NSDAP, the

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horizontally instead of crossed. In a few gangs, these laces must be "earned" through acts of racist violence against a "perceived enemy of the white race".

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1990s, the movement rapidly grew in the West and simultaneously, it rapidly began to spread to Eastern Europe, in particular, it rapidly began to spread to

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In most European countries, the racist skinhead subculture became polarized on the far-right between 1983 and 1986, and shortly after the fall of the

4304:. However, the brand has also been popular since the 1980s among non-Nazi skinheads. Lonsdale has publicly denounced the trend and sponsored various 3490:." They have mostly emerged from working-class backgrounds, except in Russia, where they have mostly emerged from the educated, urban middle class. 7959: 1631: 427: 4172:

journalist Chelsea Liu identified their fashion style as one possible reason for the decline, seeing it as "increasingly obsolete" and noting the

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says groups such as white power skinheads, neo-Nazis, and the KKK have been growing more active in the United States, with a particular focus on

2665: 2552: 4133:, who regarded music as an opportunity to reach a young audience and counteract mainstream cultural productions, had become the world's largest 3364: 3260: 3544:. The particular lifestyle and aggressive look of skinheads was a self-declared reaffirmation of the traditional working class puritanism and 6407: 5146: 4495:

and rejection of any form of drug-taking (except tobacco and alcohol) are common traits found across skinhead groups. According to historian

1442: 587: 2651: 2322: 2250: 502: 4114:(1994) were growing in the country, racist skinheads gained acceptance among existing and organized US white power organizations like the 7949: 7630: 2937: 597: 6439: 7954: 3077: 572: 3958:

In France, the white power skinhead movement was structured around Jeunesses Nationalistes-Révolutionnaires (JNR), founded in 1987 by

3779:(NF), a British neo-fascist party which was losing ground in electoral politics, began to turn toward the skinhead movement to obtain 7939: 6234: 4210:

Since the emergence of white power skinheads in the late 1970s, anti-racist forces within the skinhead subculture, sometimes called "

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label in Europe, although the European white power rock scene only managed to enter the mainstream market in Sweden, where the band

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The first identifiable neo-Nazi skinhead group was the short-lived Chicago's Romantic Violence, established in 1984 by 25-year-old

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Young, Kevin; Craig, Laura (1997). "Beyond White Pride: Identity, Meaning and Contradiction in the Canadian Skinhead Subculture".

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Ventsel, Aimar (2014). "'That Old School Lonsdale': Authenticity and Clothes in German Skinhead Culture". In Cobb, Russell (ed.).

3978:, but the latter eventually distanced itself from Ayoub and the JNR after mass skinhead attacks on immigrants in Rouen and Brest. 3951:, lynching immigrants with the help of ordinary citizens as passersby cheered. During the 1990s, the number of Neo-Nazi groups in 3607:("Caribs") were also involved in skinhead gang attacks against South Asian immigrants, and the violence has been interpreted by 2451: 3245: 7361: 1601: 7934: 7668: 7310: 7254: 7197: 7015: 6904: 6788: 6702: 6677: 4067:

Under serious police pressure, the number of racist acts and Neo-Nazis started to significantly decline in Russia from 2009.

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Some argue that skinheads shave their heads to represent their detachment from society. Scholar Timothy S. Brown defines the

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The skinhead scene had mostly died out by 1973. Around 1977, a second wave started to emerge from the disintegration of the

4095:, joined the growing US white power skinhead movement. By 1988, there were ~2,000 neo-Nazi skinheads in the United States. 3699: 3156: 2129: 2119: 2072: 2062: 537: 5447: 2659: 2572: 2238: 2149: 2112: 1731: 732: 602: 592: 7264:

Futrell, Robert; Simi, Pete; Gottschalk, Simon (2006). "Understanding Music in Movements: The White Power Music Scene".

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as "perversions", and they generally promote an image of "clean-living, drug-free, heterosexual, working-class males".

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coats, sheepskin bomber jackets, blue jeans, mohair suits, in addition to a shaved head or very closely-cropped hair.

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Cooter, Amy Beth (2006). "Neo-Nazi Normalization: The Skinhead Movement and Integration into Normative Structures".

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Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany".

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launched a "Project Schoolyard USA" to distribute sample CDs to middle and high students across the United States.

3604: 2473: 2347: 2179: 2159: 1616: 1217: 717: 452: 6268: 5608: 2542: 4666: 4396: 4008: 3928:(HSN) managed to bring together over 1,000 skinheads from all over Europe at a Nazi rock gig organized in Milan. 3087: 2500: 2466: 2001: 1736: 1626: 7066:(2016). "Skinhead culture: the ideologies, mythologies, religions and conspiracy theories of racist skinheads". 7688: 5185: 4539:" of liberal democracies. Blood & Honour and Combat18 have promoted conspiracy theories about the death of 4437: 4422:

to minimization of the death toll, and even to glorifying the event in the lyrics of white power bands such as

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with a dozen of skinheads. Their size became noticeable by 1994, in the atmosphere of chaos that followed the

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also played a role in the diffusion of neo-fascist rhetoric in the 1980s. The subculture, known in Russian as

3690:

Music played a key symbolic role in the political polarization of the skinhead subculture. Marchal recorded a

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began in the United Kingdom in 1968–1969, probably in London and Southeast England, more specifically in the

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Worger, Peter (2012). "A mad crowd: Skinhead youth and the rise of nationalism in post-communist Russia".

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Cotter, John M. (1999). "Sounds of hate: White power rock and roll and the neo-nazi skinhead subculture".

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In the 1980s and 1990s, many young American neo-Nazis and white supremacists, often associated with the

857: 7914: 7506: 7143:(2001). "Offspring of Reforms—Shaven Heads Are Skinheads: The New Fascist Youth Subculture in Russia". 6250: 5391:

Hillman, Nicholas (2008). "A 'chorus of execration'? Enoch Powell's 'rivers of blood' forty years on".

4503:" stance takes its roots in the anti-permissive way of life of the original skinheads who rejected the 3948: 3669:" when some of its members accentuated its aggressive character. Although the punk movement emphasized 2645: 2092: 1661: 1646: 622: 577: 557: 472: 362: 6951:

Corte, Ugo; Edwards, Bob (2008). "White Power Music and the Mobilization of Racist Social Movements".

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Clarke, John (1976). "The Skinheads and the Magical Recovery of Community". In Jefferson, Tony (ed.).

3808:'s Suffolk property, and was attended by hundreds of racist skinheads from across Europe who gave the 1482: 7738: 4681: 4126:

or KKK, which perceived the popularity of the subculture as an opportunity to expand their audience.

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have found some followers in the skinhead movement, and skinhead groups have also tended to revive

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skyrocket, with numerous unemployed young East Germans joining the white power skinhead movement.

1701: 4886: 4566: 4048: 4028: 3975: 3860: 3645: 3230: 2982: 2832: 2719: 2223: 2164: 2067: 1991: 1716: 1367: 1107: 1097: 642: 492: 198: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7713: 7640: 7620: 7441: 7386: 6299: 5671: 4721: 4696: 4516: 4277: 4169: 4150: 4119: 4102:. The group collapsed when Martell was imprisoned for assault. Shortly thereafter in 1985, the 4056: 3856: 3825: 3784: 3624: 3240: 3203: 2772: 2389: 2384: 2218: 2213: 2169: 2124: 2102: 2097: 2077: 1883: 1872: 1832: 1586: 1262: 877: 822: 687: 417: 367: 118: 7103:

Shaffer, Ryan (2013). "The soundtrack of neo-fascism: youth and music in the National Front".

5649: 4375:) who mentored members of nascent German racist skinhead groups in the 1980s–1990s. Historian 3678:, inspired and facilitated the parallel emergence of a racist skinhead subculture. The latent 1082: 7819: 7600: 7479: 5667: 5038: 5014: 4445: 4130: 3752: 3462:

community, as a substitution for the real decline of the latter which started in the 1960s."

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Members of a neo-Nazi, white supremacist and antisemitic offshoot of the skinhead subculture

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of the working class", which seemed threatened in their views with contamination by the

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partly results from a backlash against feminism and the sexual revolution, and from a

4087:. The "88" stands for "HH" or "Heil Hitler", "H" being the 8th letter of the alphabet. 3722:

roots of the late 1960s. Coined as a nickname for the new genre by British journalist

3032: 2862: 7814: 7663: 7585: 7501: 7469: 7379: 7337: 7306: 7293: 7281: 7277: 7250: 7224: 7193: 7172: 7160: 7140: 7132: 7120: 7095: 7083: 7049: 7030: 7011: 6989: 6960: 6943: 6931: 6927: 6900: 6873: 6847: 6815: 6784: 6764: 6746: 6698: 6673: 6139: 5420: 5408: 5181: 5043: 4970: 4914: 4810: 4737: 4641: 4591: 4488: 4432:('sub-humans') have been largely abandoned in favor of a more "inclusive" concept of 4423: 4392: 4158: 4134: 4032: 4012: 3872: 3816: 3740: 3608: 3568:, which was embodied by the "middle-class, peace-loving, long-haired student" of the 3409: 3191: 2927: 2707: 2577: 2488: 2456: 2414: 1807: 1802: 1675: 1606: 1512: 1487: 1397: 1377: 1357: 1282: 1242: 1187: 1157: 1067: 1047: 947: 812: 457: 442: 402: 86: 6827: 5085:

B; queer-boys need cyclone B nigger-boys need cyclone B"; Warhammer: "Die Jew, Die".

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surrounding Nazi symbols from actual belief in, and commitment to, Nazi ideology.

4226:" of the late 1960s to allege that the original skinheads as "white separatists". 4027:, and the introduction of a state of emergency the same year to police and deport 1387: 957: 7854: 7553: 7116: 7063: 6839: 6835: 6435: 6238: 6133: 4954: 4922: 4862: 4818: 4727: 4615: 4606:

is a "religion of slaves". In the United States, racialist pagan groups like the

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has grown in some parts of the United States by swallowing whole skinhead gangs.

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New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000--2015

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https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/05/world/neo-nazis-accused-in-london-riots.html

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while the skinheads were fleeing with help from the police. The event led to a

3711: 3650: 3512: 3417: 3136: 3052: 3042: 3037: 2872: 2814: 2446: 2107: 1978: 1974: 1817: 1591: 1532: 1497: 1492: 1477: 1432: 1407: 1372: 1252: 1167: 1052: 1012: 807: 762: 752: 268: 203: 6985: 5404: 4602:

magazine regularly points out that Odinism is a "religion of warriors", while

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Skinheads present themselves as an excluded or martyr group repressed by the "

982: 7908: 7799: 7784: 7693: 7673: 7489: 7341: 7285: 7228: 7189: 7164: 7124: 7087: 6993: 6964: 6935: 6819: 6750: 6741: 5412: 4415: 4372: 4348: 4272:, a popular symbol for German neo-Nazis as a substitute for banned Nazi flags 4099: 4036: 4020: 4016: 3848: 3744: 3723: 3600: 3459: 3425: 3304: 3225: 3109: 3002: 2987: 2957: 2837: 2587: 1527: 1467: 1452: 1437: 1422: 1302: 1257: 1162: 1152: 1002: 952: 827: 697: 662: 512: 407: 387: 143: 6725:"Striking back against racist violence in the East End of London, 1968–1970" 3771:

The National Front (NF) attracted many skinheads during the 1970s and 1980s.

2493: 1332: 7839: 7824: 7774: 7733: 7511: 7464: 7356: 7046:

Skinheads shaved for battle : a cultural history of American skinheads

6768: 4802: 4603: 4536: 4328: 4297: 4192: 4092: 3992: 3843:

in December of the same year, led to the takeover of Blood & Honour by

3805: 3634: 3629: 3620: 3545: 3401: 3319: 3178: 3119: 3022: 2907: 2892: 2730: 2421: 1965: 1957: 1862: 1780: 1502: 1402: 1247: 1172: 1147: 1132: 1122: 1112: 1077: 1062: 1037: 997: 962: 932: 927: 912: 892: 867: 757: 647: 6896: 6811: 2515: 7789: 7769: 7764: 7678: 7605: 7580: 6872:. Department of Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham. 4742: 4671: 4636: 4619: 4428: 4305: 4250: 4223: 4196: 4107: 3959: 3936: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3836: 3820: 3809: 3788: 3756: 3732: 3703: 3666: 3588: 3584: 3565: 3538: 3526: 3455: 3413: 3012: 2713: 2426: 2362: 1576: 1517: 1352: 1337: 1317: 1297: 1292: 1272: 1212: 1137: 1092: 942: 692: 477: 337: 168: 113: 76: 42: 1903: 7728: 7718: 7635: 7541: 7496: 7431: 6889:

Resistance Through Rituals : Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain

4946: 4838: 4691: 4611: 4492: 4385: 4380: 4356: 4301: 4289: 4254: 4111: 3780: 3751:"could be easily interpreted in extreme right-wing terms." The phrase " 3747:

or blues, but others like violence ("Aggro", for 'aggressiveness') and

3670: 3580: 3530: 3393: 3286: 3114: 2997: 2992: 2972: 2882: 2867: 2842: 2790: 2640: 2431: 2357: 1537: 1417: 1412: 1322: 1197: 1007: 987: 922: 897: 847: 787: 677: 482: 258: 238: 183: 4938: 7703: 7595: 7007:

Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity

6444: 4930: 4906: 4794: 4752: 4746: 4656: 4646: 4455: 4324: 4320: 4188: 4173: 3844: 3715: 3640: 3486:

behavior; and an ideological training that began with or is based on

3447: 3163: 2780: 2750: 2745: 2285: 1867: 1822: 1785: 1222: 422: 342: 108: 4264: 4222:

white", working-class cultural and social context, emphasizing the "

3855:, which had an allegiance to neo-Nazism. It was associated with the 3795:

in association with the National Front, appeared in reaction to the

7844: 7794: 7421: 7402: 7303:

Trendy fascism : White power music and the future of democracy

5063:

camps the rest until we find a final solution for the eternal jew."

4661: 4500: 4246: 4200: 3987: 3986:

The Russian white power skinhead subculture takes its roots in the

3675: 3592: 3561: 3522: 3504: 3442: 3420:

between the late 1960s and the late 1970s, before spreading across

3255: 3125: 2740: 2483: 1842: 1827: 652: 173: 123: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6506: 4355:). The white power skinhead movement is generally associated with 4060:

everyday-life conflicts than for hate speech and racist violence.

3819:

in 1987. Donaldson had become involved with the West German label

3735:

in Britain and the skinhead subculture was firmly associated with

7859: 7436: 6622: 4870: 4579: 4293: 4204: 3892: 3812:

and sang along a chorus that demanded "white power for Britain".

3519: 3421: 2808: 2801: 2762: 2735: 1837: 305: 153: 66: 4470:

still exert a strong cultural influence on the local far-right.

4339:

The central themes of white power skinheads revolve around "the

3974:. The JNR initially performed policing functions for the French 3924:

laws and further develop their international networks. In 2013,

7864: 7708: 7683: 6571: 6503: 5979: 5722: 4508: 4368: 4316: 4312: 4004: 3944: 3900: 3767: 3575:

The identity of the 1960s skinheads, however, was not based on

3541: 3451: 3146: 3102: 2352: 322: 5928: 5830: 5828: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 3702:

formed the first German nationalist rock group in 1977. A new

6529: 6527: 5565: 5257: 5223: 5221: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 4595: 4594:, is particularly popular among skinheads due to its warrior 4379:

contends that "the racist skinhead ideology is fundamentally

4084: 4080: 3487: 2701: 722: 467: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5335: 5333: 4343:

which will be waged in the future and the denunciation of a

3815:

A split within White Noise Club led to the establishment of

7371: 6634: 6324: 6322: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5825: 5765: 5520: 5427: 5345: 4418:. Their attitude toward the Holocaust ranges from outright 4407: 4129:

At the time of his death in 2002, National Alliance leader

3840: 3483: 832: 128: 6651: 6649: 6612: 6610: 6524: 6464: 6213: 6201: 6189: 5789: 5777: 5218: 5116: 7723: 7698: 7484: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6544: 6542: 6493: 6491: 6440:"Neo-Nazi teenagers fight in British boxing's No 1 brand" 6074: 6006: 5886: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5840: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5330: 5233: 3719: 3707: 3656: 3534: 6319: 6103: 6101: 6064: 6062: 6047: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6021: 5996: 5994: 5940: 5617: 5577: 5320: 5318: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 6723:

Ashe, Stephen; Virdee, Satnam; Brown, Laurence (2016).

6646: 6607: 6339: 6337: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5653: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5374: 5372: 5305: 5303: 3755:" was popularized among some skinheads by the Oi! band 6595: 6583: 6554: 6539: 6488: 6476: 6452: 6349: 5857: 5746: 5734: 5695: 5553: 5508: 5496: 5467: 5106: 5104: 5102: 7367:

Nicky Crane: The secret double life of a gay neo-Nazi

7263: 6361: 6177: 6113: 6098: 6086: 6059: 6018: 5991: 5967: 5813: 5801: 5589: 5315: 5269: 3762: 6334: 5678: 5629: 5611:|title=Neo-Nazis accused in London Riots |Publisher= 5541: 5479: 5369: 5357: 5300: 568:

National Radical Camp/Oboz Narodowo-Radykalny (1993)

6781:

Inside Organized Racism: Women in the Hate Movement

5245: 5206: 5194: 5099: 4106:emerged in San Francisco. As other groups like the 3698:in 1979, and German students of the neo-Nazi party 6406: 5018:(2003, known in-game as "Talons" and "Dreg Lords") 4179: 4015:'s attempts at liberal reforms and rapid economic 7182:The Paradox of Authenticity in a Globalized World 3710:– a contraction of "Hey, you!" pronounced with a 7906: 7048:. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. 4268:A neo-Nazi skinhead from Germany in front of an 1632:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting 428:The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord 7000: 6722: 6161:"Neo-Nazi Activity Is Arising Among U.S. Youth" 5934: 5433: 4023:'s attack on the Russian parliament during the 3871:. The label rapidly grew as the second-largest 433:World Church of the Creator/Creativity Movement 7244: 6408:"German Nazis' dress code angers British firm" 3412:organizations and some of them are members of 3261:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism 7387: 7245:Borgeson, Kevin; Valeri, Robin Maria (2017). 6667: 4359:, in part, this is due to its origins in the 3587:, even though some skinheads had engaged in " 3358: 1926: 6950: 6834: 6695:Skinheads: A Guide to an American Subculture 6518: 6219: 6207: 5985: 5961: 5903: 5901: 5892: 5851: 5834: 5716: 5535: 5351: 5227: 5133: 3392:by anti-racist skinheads), are members of a 7970:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States 6692: 6243: 5647: 4323:, World War II German soldiers (especially 7394: 7380: 7319: 4249:typically wore steel-toed combat boots or 3525:influences, including an appreciation for 3365: 3351: 1933: 1919: 588:National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party 6758: 6740: 6693:Travis, Tiffini A.; Hardy, Perry (2012). 5898: 4586:religion reconstructed on the beliefs of 4288:clothing brand became popular among some 3867:and later with the neo-Nazi organisation 478:Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38 7184:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 261–275. 7024: 6863:"Football Hooliganism and the Skinheads" 6251:"Immigration Fueling White Supremacists" 5514: 5448:"Attacks Terrorize Pakistanis in London" 5445: 5339: 5263: 4625: 4426:or Warhammer. Nazi theories of Slavs as 4311:White power skinheads also tend to bear 4263: 4183: 4074: 3886: 3783:supporters among the working class. The 3766: 3465: 2696: 7960:Anti-black racism in the United Kingdom 7247:Skinhead History, Identity, and Culture 7179: 7139: 7102: 7062: 6668:Perry, Barbara; Scrivens, Ryan (2019). 6655: 6640: 6616: 6601: 6589: 6577: 6565: 6548: 6533: 6497: 6482: 6458: 6434: 6404: 6355: 6328: 6195: 6092: 6053: 6041: 6012: 5973: 5949: 5868: 5807: 5795: 5783: 5771: 5759: 5740: 5728: 5704: 5559: 5502: 5390: 5282: 5239: 3882: 3879:reached the top of the charts in 1993. 14: 7965:Anti-black racism in the United States 7907: 7305:. State University of New York Press. 7206: 6971: 6913: 6886: 6860: 6470: 6367: 6183: 6158: 6131: 6119: 6107: 6080: 6068: 6029: 6000: 5880: 5819: 5595: 5547: 5363: 5324: 5309: 5251: 5212: 5175: 4402:have since evolved into the idea of a 3657:Emergence of the white power skinheads 3246:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism 7375: 7043: 7027:Spirit of '69 : a Skinhead bible 6797: 6430: 6428: 6343: 5689: 5635: 5623: 5583: 5571: 5490: 5473: 5378: 5294: 5200: 5110: 4710: 4240: 3498: 3277:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 2323:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24) 2018:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 503:Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia 356:Movements, organizations, and parties 7300: 7209:Communist and Post-Communist Studies 6775: 6628: 6405:Cleaver, Hannah (22 February 2001). 6285: 5648:Groundwater, Colin (June 10, 2020). 4763: 4630: 4367:, along with the presence of former 3966:and to the neo-fascist organization 538:National Democratic Party of Germany 6291: 6159:Bishop, Katherine (June 13, 1988). 5165:from the original on July 18, 2021. 5082:No Remorse: "Jew-boys need cyclone 4483:White power skinheads see both the 4176:'s preference for casual clothing. 3800:which released Skrewdriver's album 3787:(RAC) genre, relaunched in 1982 by 3714:– emerged as a skinhead version of 3408:. Many of them are affiliated with 2573:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness 1732:Colorado Springs nightclub shooting 603:National Socialist Party of America 593:National Socialist Liberation Front 24: 7950:Islamophobia in the United Kingdom 7564:Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice 7334:10.1111/j.1755-618X.1997.tb00206.x 7237: 6783:. University of California Press. 6425: 6292:Liu, Chelsea (December 10, 2017). 5446:Weinraub, Bernard (9 April 1970). 5010:(2003, known in-game as the Skinz) 4371:(especially former members of the 4231:Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice 4025:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 3851:, Gaël Bodilis, created the label 3763:Political links and radicalization 3511:according to Clarke. It had heavy 3271:Working definition of antisemitism 2033:Working definition of antisemitism 783:World Union of National Socialists 703:Social-National Assembly (Ukraine) 25: 7981: 7955:Islamophobia in the United States 7350: 7221:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.07.015 4458:leaders regard as their "Bible". 4155:opposition to illegal immigration 4141:. In 2004, the white power label 3251:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 1707:2021 United States Capitol attack 598:National Socialist Movement (USA) 508:Korean National Youth Association 7940:Neo-Nazism in the United Kingdom 7278:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2006.00046.x 6974:Terrorism and Political Violence 6928:10.1111/j.1475-682X.2006.00149.x 6686: 6661: 6421:from the original on 2022-01-12. 4353:White genocide conspiracy theory 4070: 3336: 3335: 1964: 1902: 1602:1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt 1218:Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe 718:Spartans (Greek political party) 573:National Renaissance Party (USA) 453:Everything For the Country Party 49: 7945:Neo-Nazism in the United States 6715: 6672:. Springer Nature. p. 27. 6398: 6373: 6261: 6225: 6152: 6125: 5660: 5641: 5601: 5439: 5384: 5076: 5066: 5056: 4667:Fourth Reich (New Zealand gang) 4270:Imperial-era Reichskriegsflagge 4180:Anti-racist skinhead opposition 4009:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3931:In Germany, the hard rock band 2660:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1627:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 7689:National Socialist black metal 7362:Nazi skinheads and racist rock 6670:Right-Wing Extremism in Canada 6138:. Edinburgh University Press. 5169: 5139: 4530: 3416:. The movement emerged in the 2616:Hunter (William Luther Pierce) 1791:National Socialist black metal 1657:Oak Creek Sikh temple shooting 1642:Columbine High School massacre 13: 1: 7080:10.1080/0031322X.2016.1243349 7010:. New York University Press. 6294:"On Dressing Like a Skinhead" 6132:Kolsto, Pal (24 March 2016). 5434:Ashe, Virdee & Brown 2016 5180:. Potomac Books. p. 11. 5092: 4478: 4137:producer thanks to his label 3962:. It was linked to the label 3431: 3210:Campaign Against Antisemitism 2318:during the Gaza War (2008-09) 1687:Christchurch mosque shootings 1682:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting 1393:Florentine Rost van Tonningen 1058:Anthime Gionet / Baked Alaska 7935:Violence against LGBT people 7401: 7322:Canadian Review of Sociology 7117:10.1080/0031322X.2013.842289 6870:Stencilled Occasional Papers 6846:. Harvard University Press. 6844:Far-Right Politics in Europe 6631:, pp. 144–149, 178–182. 4563:Far-Right Politics in Europe 4473: 3665:, which was radicalized as " 3436: 3199:Anti-antisemitism in Germany 2691:Antisemitism on the Internet 2479:Jewish war conspiracy theory 738:Traditionalist Workers Party 488:International Third Position 7: 7631:National Socialist Movement 7547:Red and Anarchist Skinheads 6273:Southern Poverty Law Center 5914:Southern Poverty Law Center 5155:Southern Poverty Law Center 5022: 4404:Zionist Occupied Government 4334: 4235:Red and Anarchist Skinheads 4166:Southern Poverty Law Center 3236:Southern Poverty Law Center 2395:COVID-19 pandemic incidents 1667:Trollhättan school stabbing 10: 7986: 7507:Aryan Brotherhood of Texas 7266:The Sociological Quarterly 7157:10.2753/RUP1061-1940390143 6891:. HarperCollins Academic. 6232:Encyclopedia of Gangs 2007 4719: 4574: 3949:Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots 3623:and his inflammatory 1968 3493: 2646:On the Jews and Their Lies 1662:Charleston church shooting 1647:2006 Moscow market bombing 623:Nordic Resistance Movement 578:National Revival of Poland 558:Nationalist Movement Party 363:American Identity Movement 7873: 7752: 7669:Caribbean music in the UK 7651: 7450: 7409: 7025:Marshall, George (1991). 7002:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas 6986:10.1080/09546559908427509 6800:Journal of Social History 6697:. ABC-CLIO. p. 150. 5650:"A brief history of ACAB" 5405:10.1080/00313220701805927 5178:Thinking Like a Terrorist 4745:(originally a non-racist 4682:Public Enemy No. 1 (gang) 4406:(ZOG), which claims that 3981: 3939:" ideas, their 1981 song 3910: 3221:Fundamental Rights Agency 2654:Undisputed Over The World 2469: Jewish conspiracy 1742:2024 United Kingdom riots 1637:1999 London nail bombings 1617:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 1612:Fort Smith sedition trial 833:Andrew Auernheimer / Weev 613:National Vanguard (Italy) 528:National Alliance July 18 194:Opposition to immigration 7930:Violence against gay men 7753:Clothing and accessories 7616:Keystone State Skinheads 7531:List of peckerwood gangs 7190:10.1057/9781137353832_18 7145:Russian Politics and Law 6953:Music and Arts in Action 6742:10.1177/0306396816642997 6580:, pp. 408–409, 415. 6519:Camus & Lebourg 2017 6220:Corte & Edwards 2008 6208:Corte & Edwards 2008 5986:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5962:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5893:Corte & Edwards 2008 5852:Corte & Edwards 2008 5835:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5731:, pp. 458–459, 476. 5717:Corte & Edwards 2008 5574:, pp. 158–159, 163. 5536:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5352:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5228:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5134:Camus & Lebourg 2017 5049: 4345:global Jewish conspiracy 4284:In the early 2000s, the 4079:Skinhead 88 graffiti in 4039:, and at least 2,000 in 3972:French Nationalist Party 3859:, the youth wing of the 3775:From the late 1970s the 3625:"Rivers of Blood" speech 3282:Three Ds of antisemitism 3266:Wiener Holocaust Library 3216:Community Security Trust 3078:Black Death persecutions 2593:The Dearborn Independent 2566:Antisemitic publications 1727:Aracruz school shootings 1722:2022 Bratislava shooting 1697:El Paso Walmart shooting 1692:Poway synagogue shooting 1473:Brenton Harrison Tarrant 1443:Benjamin Nathaniel Smith 1278:Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. 608:National Vanguard (U.S.) 583:National Socialist Front 533:National Bolshevik Party 448:European Social Movement 264:Pan-European nationalism 139:Economic interventionism 7301:Love, Nancy S. (2016). 7044:Moore, Jack B. (1993). 4887:Orange Is the New Black 4567:Oxford University Press 4412:control the governments 4391:The early-20th century 4214:" when associated with 4031:in preparation for the 3759:' 1982 song "A.C.A.B." 3646:Young, Gifted and Black 3619:The leading politician 3231:Simon Wiesenthal Center 2983:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 2757:The Occidental Observer 2720:Europa: The Last Battle 2668:Between Blacks and Jews 2666:The Secret Relationship 1717:Izhevsk school shooting 1368:George Lincoln Rockwell 1098:Christopher Paul Hasson 643:Official National Front 563:National Party – Greeks 553:Nationalist Front (USA) 523:National Alliance (USA) 493:Italian Social Movement 199:Anti-parliamentarianism 7714:Rock Against Communism 7641:White Aryan Resistance 7621:Vinlanders Social Club 7357:Neo-fascists in Russia 6385:Anti-Defamation League 6300:Sarah Lawrence College 5672:Anti-Defamation League 4722:List of neo-Nazi bands 4697:White Aryan Resistance 4551: 4517:opposition to abortion 4308:events and campaigns. 4278:Anti-Defamation League 4273: 4207: 4170:Sarah Lawrence College 4151:Anti-Defamation League 4120:White Aryan Resistance 4088: 4057:Russian National Unity 4003:, appeared in 1992 in 3895: 3826:British National Party 3785:Rock against Communism 3772: 3696:Science & Violence 3601:South Asian immigrants 3241:Stephen Roth Institute 3204:Anti-Defamation League 1587:Piazza Fontana bombing 1577:1967 Greek coup d'état 878:Anders Behring Breivik 823:Gaston-Armand Amaudruz 688:Russian National Unity 543:National Front (Italy) 418:British National Party 368:American Freedom Party 119:Social interventionism 7105:Patterns of Prejudice 7068:Patterns of Prejudice 6897:10.4324/9780203224946 6861:Clarke, John (1973). 6812:10.1353/jsh.2004.0079 5393:Patterns of Prejudice 5266:, pp. 12, 21–29. 5176:German, Mike (2007). 5039:Far-right subcultures 4626:Notable organizations 4546: 4446:William Luther Pierce 4267: 4187: 4131:William Luther Pierce 4116:Church of the Creator 4078: 3891:Neo-Nazi skinhead in 3890: 3770: 3753:all cops are bastards 3466:White power skinheads 3378:White power skinheads 2948:William Luther Pierce 2626:The International Jew 2538:Stab-in-the-back myth 2521:Rootless cosmopolitan 1878:Unite Against Fascism 1712:Buffalo Tops shooting 1702:Bærum mosque shooting 1672:Unite the Right rally 1622:Oklahoma City bombing 1607:Neo-Nazism in America 1582:Tate-LaBianca murders 1553:Francis Parker Yockey 1328:William Luther Pierce 1313:Georgios Papadopoulos 1143:Konstantin Kasimovsky 778:White power skinheads 768:United Patriots Front 708:Socialist Reich Party 668:Patriotic Alternative 438:Deutsche Reichspartei 393:Aryan Republican Army 383:Antipodean Resistance 378:Anti-Communist Action 18:White power skinheads 7571:White power skinhead 7475:Friends Stand United 7460:Football hooliganism 6916:Sociological Inquiry 6473:, pp. 152, 154. 6307:on November 24, 2019 5935:Goodrick-Clarke 2001 5774:, pp. 460, 469. 5147:"Aryan Prison Gangs" 5029:Ian Stuart Donaldson 4687:Ryno-Skachevsky gang 4541:Ian Stuart Donaldson 3997:Football hooliganism 3883:Internationalization 3797:Rock against Fascism 3793:Ian Stuart Donaldson 3749:football hooliganism 3552:re-recreation of an 3325:Zionist antisemitism 3132:Martyrdom in Judaism 2858:Richard Girnt Butler 2611:Hitlers Zweites Buch 2197:textbook controversy 1813:White power skinhead 1483:Eugène Terre'Blanche 1073:Joshua Ryne Goldberg 1023:Joseph Paul Franklin 973:Ian Stuart Donaldson 908:Christopher Cantwell 853:William John Beattie 713:Sonnenkrieg Division 653:One-People Principle 638:November 9th Society 518:National Action (UK) 328:National Syndicalism 7920:Anti-LGBT sentiment 7410:Vintage subcultures 6643:, pp. 409–410. 6536:, pp. 413–414. 6521:, pp. 108–109. 6414:The Daily Telegraph 6269:"Aryan Brotherhood" 6198:, pp. 403–404. 6083:, pp. 272–273. 5988:, pp. 105–106. 5883:, pp. 112–114. 5798:, pp. 408–409. 5786:, pp. 479–480. 5626:, pp. 162–163. 5586:, pp. 158–159. 5297:, pp. 157–158. 5242:, pp. 399–400. 4400:conspiracy theories 4143:Panzerfaust Records 3833:European Parliament 3737:right-wing politics 3505:skinhead subculture 3428:in the 1980–1990s. 3406:skinhead subculture 3174:Spanish Inquisition 3073:Rhineland massacres 2583:Culture of Critique 2437:Cultural Bolshevism 1909:Politics portal 1766:Right-wing populism 1737:Allen mall shooting 1652:2011 Norway attacks 1597:Greensboro massacre 1118:Dimitrios Ioannidis 843:Alexander Barkashov 683:Republic (Slovakia) 548:National Front (UK) 398:Atomwaffen Division 373:American Nazi Party 274:National Bolshevism 149:Fascist corporatism 7586:Blood & Honour 7559:Anti-Racist Action 7527:Public Enemy No. 1 7451:Modern subcultures 7141:Tarasov, Aleksandr 6257:. 6 February 2007. 6237:2009-08-07 at the 6165:The New York Times 6015:, pp. 44, 52. 5453:The New York Times 5034:Far-right politics 4977:American History X 4779:American History X 4711:In popular culture 4642:Blood & Honour 4600:Blood & Honour 4485:permissive society 4451:The Turner Diaries 4274: 4241:Style and clothing 4216:left-wing politics 4208: 4139:Resistance Records 4089: 3964:Rebelles Européens 3896: 3863:, the neo-fascist 3853:Rebelles Européens 3817:Blood & Honour 3773: 3605:black West Indians 3509:East End of London 3499:Origins in England 3386:neo-Nazi skinheads 3142:Pale of Settlement 3048:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2968:Kevin Alfred Strom 2953:Richard B. Spencer 2796:Triple parentheses 2679:The Turner Diaries 2652:Our Race Will Rule 2621:1988 Hamas Charter 2415:Antisemitic tropes 2301:Christian Identity 2234:Conservative Party 1890:Anti-Racist Action 1761:Far-right politics 1463:Kevin Alfred Strom 1458:Richard B. Spencer 1268:Robert Jay Mathews 1228:Michael McLaughlin 818:Bela Ewald Althans 658:Patriot of Ukraine 618:New European Order 403:Blood & Honour 279:National-anarchism 234:Christian Identity 82:Ethnic nationalism 7915:Neo-Nazi concepts 7902: 7901: 7502:Aryan Brotherhood 7470:Hardcore skinhead 7312:978-1-4384-6205-9 7256:978-1-315-47479-3 7199:978-1-137-35383-2 7029:. ST Publishing. 7017:978-0-8147-3237-3 6906:978-0-203-22494-6 6790:978-0-520-93072-8 6777:Blee, Kathleen M. 6704:978-0-313-35953-8 6679:978-3-030-25169-7 6381:"Boots and Laces" 6331:, pp. 48–49. 6056:, pp. 52–55. 6044:, pp. 55–56. 5952:, pp. 50–51. 5909:"Racist Skinhead" 5476:, pp. 33–39. 5044:White power music 4988: 4987: 4971:Skinhead Attitude 4915:Skinhead Attitude 4707: 4706: 4489:sexual revolution 4159:Aryan Brotherhood 4135:white power music 4124:National Alliance 4033:First Chechen War 4013:Mikhail Gorbachev 3953:reunified Germany 3926:Hammerskin Nation 3873:white power music 3839:who succumbed to 3741:white power music 3609:Alexander Tarasov 3410:white nationalist 3398:white supremacist 3375: 3374: 3157:Russian Civil War 3098:Ghettos in Europe 2928:Ernest G. Liebold 2827:Prominent figures 2708:The Daily Stormer 2598:Ethnic Cleansing 2578:The Barnes Review 2457:Franklin Prophecy 1943: 1942: 1808:White power music 1803:Political Soldier 1676:Unite the Right 2 1513:Jack van Tongeren 1488:H. Keith Thompson 1398:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 1378:Dylann Storm Roof 1358:Povl Riis-Knudsen 1323:Michael Peinovich 1283:Davud Monshizadeh 1243:Jacques de Mahieu 1188:Robert E. Kuttner 1158:Colin King-Ansell 1068:Fredrik Vejdeland 1048:Matthew Q. Gebert 948:Peter Cvjetanovic 813:Giorgio Almirante 443:The Daily Stormer 87:White nationalism 16:(Redirected from 7977: 7895:Peckerwood gangs 7760:Alpha Industries 7591:British Movement 7517:European Kindred 7396: 7389: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7345: 7316: 7297: 7260: 7232: 7215:(3–4): 269–278. 7203: 7176: 7136: 7111:(4–5): 458–482. 7099: 7074:(4–5): 398–419. 7064:Pollard, John F. 7059: 7040: 7021: 6997: 6968: 6947: 6910: 6883: 6867: 6857: 6840:Lebourg, Nicolas 6836:Camus, Jean-Yves 6831: 6794: 6772: 6762: 6744: 6729:Race & Class 6709: 6708: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6552: 6546: 6537: 6531: 6522: 6516: 6501: 6495: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6438:(9 April 2005). 6436:Asthana, Anushka 6432: 6423: 6422: 6410: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6332: 6326: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6303:. Archived from 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6247: 6241: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6096: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6016: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5905: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5855: 5849: 5838: 5832: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5693: 5687: 5676: 5675: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5342:, p. 21–29. 5337: 5328: 5322: 5313: 5307: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5151: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5114: 5108: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5060: 4999:Ethnic Cleansing 4764: 4652:British Movement 4631: 4608:Odin Brotherhood 4570: 4521:paranoid anxiety 4464:Benito Mussolini 4365:British Movement 4041:Nizhnii Novgorod 3404:offshoot of the 3388:(but derided as 3382:racist skinheads 3380:, also known as 3367: 3360: 3353: 3339: 3338: 3018:Nichifor Crainic 2963:Julius Streicher 2903:Heinrich Himmler 2768:Renegade Tribune 2489:Judeo-Bolshevism 2468: 2462:Host desecration 2442:Cultural Marxism 2328:Holocaust denial 1968: 1945: 1944: 1935: 1928: 1921: 1907: 1906: 1523:Dominique Venner 1448:Albert Spaggiari 1383:Horst Rosenkranz 1343:Otto Ernst Remer 1308:Revilo P. Oliver 1208:Daniel Lewis Lee 1183:Gottfried Küssel 1173:August Kreis III 1103:Matthew Heimbach 938:Harold Covington 883:Alain de Benoist 873:Salvador Borrego 838:Alparslan Türkeş 773:Vanguard America 413:British Movement 333:Japanese statism 301:Clerical fascism 189:Ultranationalism 164:Racial supremacy 134:Social Darwinism 99:Authoritarianism 53: 30: 29: 21: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7898: 7869: 7850:Steel-toe boots 7748: 7647: 7554:Trojan skinhead 7452: 7446: 7405: 7400: 7353: 7348: 7313: 7257: 7240: 7238:Further reading 7235: 7200: 7056: 7037: 7018: 6907: 6880: 6865: 6854: 6791: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6705: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6647: 6639: 6635: 6627: 6623: 6615: 6608: 6600: 6596: 6588: 6584: 6576: 6572: 6564: 6555: 6547: 6540: 6532: 6525: 6517: 6504: 6496: 6489: 6481: 6477: 6469: 6465: 6457: 6453: 6433: 6426: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6342: 6335: 6327: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6275: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6239:Wayback Machine 6230: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6169: 6167: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6118: 6114: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6060: 6052: 6048: 6040: 6036: 6028: 6019: 6011: 6007: 5999: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5907: 5906: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5858: 5850: 5841: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5794: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5696: 5688: 5679: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5606: 5602: 5594: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5534: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5480: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5444: 5440: 5432: 5428: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5331: 5323: 5316: 5308: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5270: 5262: 5258: 5250: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5226: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5174: 5170: 5162: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5132: 5117: 5109: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5025: 4989: 4955:This Is England 4863:Made in Britain 4855:The Infiltrator 4819:Higher Learning 4724: 4713: 4708: 4628: 4616:Slavic paganism 4592:Ancient Germans 4577: 4572: 4559:Nicolas Lebourg 4555:Jean-Yves Camus 4553: 4533: 4497:John F. Pollard 4481: 4476: 4434:white supremacy 4393:Judeo-Bolshevik 4377:John F. Pollard 4337: 4243: 4182: 4073: 4049:Yasenevo Market 3984: 3913: 3885: 3765: 3663:punk subculture 3659: 3614:council housing 3570:hippie movement 3501: 3496: 3476:Nicolas Lebourg 3472:Jean-Yves Camus 3468: 3439: 3434: 3371: 3330: 3329: 3310:Self-hating Jew 3300: 3292: 3291: 3212: 3194: 3184: 3183: 3068: 3058: 3057: 3033:Philippe Pétain 3028:László Ferenczy 3008:Gheorghe Buzatu 2943:Eustace Mullins 2938:Kevin MacDonald 2918:Osama bin Laden 2913:Arthur J. Jones 2898:Joseph Goebbels 2888:Theodor Fritsch 2878:Louis Farrakhan 2863:Édouard Drumont 2853:James von Brunn 2828: 2820: 2819: 2774:The Right Stuff 2692: 2684: 2683: 2670: 2667: 2656: 2653: 2631:La Libre Parole 2606:La France juive 2568: 2558: 2557: 2452:Finance control 2417: 2407: 2406: 2348:Nation of Islam 2276: 2268: 2267: 2175:Imperial Russia 2048: 2038: 2037: 2013: 1984: 1983: 1939: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1873:American Antifa 1857: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1797:Nouvelle Droite 1776:Italian fascism 1771:British fascism 1755: 1747: 1746: 1572: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1548:Christian Worch 1363:Jacob D. Robida 1288:Eustace Mullins 1238:James H. Madole 1233:Timothy McVeigh 1128:Arthur J. Jones 1088:Matthew F. Hale 1043:Mark Fredriksen 1028:Gianfranco Fini 1018:Roy Frankhouser 978:Aleksandr Dugin 888:James von Brunn 802: 794: 793: 792: 743:Tricolour Flame 673:Posse Comitatus 498:Kohti Vapautta! 357: 349: 348: 347: 295: 287: 286: 285: 254:Neo-Legionarism 249:Identitarianism 244:Esoteric Nazism 228: 220: 219: 218: 214:Anti-capitalism 159:Anti-liberalism 104:One-party state 92:White supremacy 72:Actual idealism 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7983: 7973: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7893: 7891:Hooligan firms 7888: 7886:Skinhead films 7883: 7881:Skinhead books 7877: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7744:Trojan Records 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7626:National Front 7623: 7618: 7613: 7611:Heritage Front 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7576:American Front 7568: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7524: 7522:Nazi Lowriders 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7399: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7352: 7351:External links 7349: 7347: 7346: 7328:(2): 175–206. 7317: 7311: 7298: 7272:(2): 275–304. 7261: 7255: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7204: 7198: 7177: 7137: 7100: 7060: 7054: 7041: 7035: 7022: 7016: 6998: 6980:(2): 111–140. 6969: 6948: 6922:(2): 145–165. 6911: 6905: 6884: 6879:978-0704404892 6878: 6858: 6852: 6832: 6806:(1): 157–178. 6795: 6789: 6773: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6703: 6685: 6678: 6660: 6658:, p. 410. 6645: 6633: 6621: 6619:, p. 407. 6606: 6604:, p. 406. 6594: 6592:, p. 418. 6582: 6570: 6568:, p. 414. 6553: 6551:, p. 415. 6538: 6523: 6502: 6500:, p. 411. 6487: 6485:, p. 408. 6475: 6463: 6461:, p. 271. 6451: 6424: 6397: 6372: 6360: 6348: 6346:, p. 170. 6333: 6318: 6298:The Phoenix – 6284: 6260: 6242: 6224: 6212: 6200: 6188: 6186:, p. 149. 6176: 6151: 6144: 6124: 6122:, p. 270. 6112: 6110:, p. 275. 6097: 6085: 6073: 6071:, p. 272. 6058: 6046: 6034: 6032:, p. 269. 6017: 6005: 6003:, p. 271. 5990: 5978: 5966: 5964:, p. 109. 5954: 5939: 5937:, p. 198. 5927: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5871:, p. 405. 5856: 5839: 5837:, p. 104. 5824: 5822:, p. 111. 5812: 5800: 5788: 5776: 5764: 5762:, p. 402. 5745: 5743:, p. 478. 5733: 5721: 5709: 5707:, p. 412. 5694: 5692:, p. 164. 5677: 5659: 5640: 5638:, p. 163. 5628: 5616: 5613:New York Times 5607:cite web |url= 5600: 5598:, p. 117. 5588: 5576: 5564: 5562:, p. 400. 5552: 5540: 5538:, p. 103. 5519: 5507: 5505:, p. 468. 5495: 5493:, p. 162. 5478: 5466: 5438: 5426: 5383: 5381:, p. 161. 5368: 5356: 5354:, p. 102. 5344: 5329: 5327:, p. 116. 5314: 5299: 5287: 5268: 5256: 5244: 5232: 5230:, p. 108. 5217: 5205: 5203:, p. 160. 5193: 5186: 5168: 5138: 5136:, p. 105. 5115: 5113:, p. 159. 5097: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5075: 5065: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4974: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4895:Romper Stomper 4891: 4883: 4875: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4799: 4791: 4783: 4775: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:National Front 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4576: 4573: 4569:: pp. 108–109. 4545: 4532: 4529: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4468:Ferenc Szálasi 4442:Fourteen Words 4416:Western states 4361:National Front 4336: 4333: 4242: 4239: 4181: 4178: 4104:American Front 4072: 4069: 4053:Vladimir Putin 3983: 3980: 3976:Front National 3970:, then to the 3968:Troisième Voie 3912: 3909: 3884: 3881: 3865:Troisième Voie 3861:Front National 3777:National Front 3764: 3761: 3712:Cockney accent 3684:anti-immigrant 3658: 3655: 3651:Bob and Marcia 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3467: 3464: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3418:United Kingdom 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3299:Related topics 3298: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3152:Russian Empire 3144: 3139: 3137:Nuremberg Laws 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3093:Jewish quarter 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053:Richard Wagner 3050: 3045: 3043:Stepan Bandera 3040: 3038:Symon Petliura 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Adolf Eichmann 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2815:Veterans Today 2812: 2809:The Unz Review 2805: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2664: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553:ZOG conspiracy 2550: 2548:White genocide 2545: 2543:Well poisoning 2540: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2501:Judeo-Masonism 2498: 2497: 2496: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2277: 2275:Manifestations 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2229:United Kingdom 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2108:Dreyfus affair 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2023:Nexus Document 2020: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1979:discrimination 1975:Jewish history 1970: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1923: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818:Third Position 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754:Related topics 1753: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533:Martin Webster 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1498:Terry Tremaine 1495: 1493:Joseph Tommasi 1490: 1485: 1480: 1478:Antonio Tejero 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1433:Miguel Serrano 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1408:Makoto Sakurai 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1373:Manfred Roeder 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1253:Charles Manson 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1178:Michael Kühnen 1175: 1170: 1168:Matthias Koehl 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1083:István Győrkös 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1053:Payton Gendron 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1013:Haakon Forwald 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 968:Françoise Dior 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 903:Richard Butler 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 808:Curtis Allgier 804: 803: 800: 799: 796: 795: 791: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 763:Union Movement 760: 755: 753:True Blue Crew 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 628:Northern Order 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 359: 358: 355: 354: 351: 350: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 319: 318: 313: 303: 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 282: 281: 276: 269:Third Position 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 217: 216: 211: 206: 204:Anti-communism 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 95: 94: 89: 79: 74: 69: 63: 62: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7982: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7800:Flight jacket 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7785:Donkey jacket 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7694:Northern soul 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674:Hardcore punk 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7491: 7490:Straight edge 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7392: 7390: 7385: 7383: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7262: 7258: 7252: 7249:. Routledge. 7248: 7243: 7242: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7055:0-87972-582-6 7051: 7047: 7042: 7038: 7036:1-898927-10-3 7032: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6908: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6859: 6855: 6853:9780674971530 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6721: 6720: 6706: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6681: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6650: 6642: 6637: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6603: 6598: 6591: 6586: 6579: 6574: 6567: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6520: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6484: 6479: 6472: 6467: 6460: 6455: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6409: 6401: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6345: 6340: 6338: 6330: 6325: 6323: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6295: 6288: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6228: 6222:, p. 13. 6221: 6216: 6210:, p. 12. 6209: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6147: 6145:9781474410434 6141: 6137: 6136: 6128: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6104: 6102: 6095:, p. 54. 6094: 6089: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6065: 6063: 6055: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5997: 5995: 5987: 5982: 5976:, p. 51. 5975: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5936: 5931: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5821: 5816: 5810:, p. 49. 5809: 5804: 5797: 5792: 5785: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5761: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5597: 5592: 5585: 5580: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5556: 5550:, p. 14. 5549: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5517:, p. 19. 5516: 5515:Marshall 1991 5511: 5504: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5475: 5470: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5399:(1): 83–104. 5398: 5394: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5373: 5366:, p. 11. 5365: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5340:Marshall 1991 5336: 5334: 5326: 5321: 5319: 5312:, p. 13. 5311: 5306: 5304: 5296: 5291: 5285:, p. 46. 5284: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5264:Marshall 1991 5260: 5254:, p. 10. 5253: 5248: 5241: 5236: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5215:, p. 99. 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5148: 5142: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5098: 5084: 5079: 5069: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771:Adam's Apples 4768: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4718: 4717: 4703: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4511:subcultures. 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4454:, which some 4453: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4429:Untermenschen 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4397:Judeo-Masonic 4394: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4349:miscegenation 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4279: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4202: 4199:skinheads in 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4100:Clark Martell 4096: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4071:United States 4068: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4037:St Petersburg 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:Boris Yeltsin 4018: 4017:privatization 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3894: 3889: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3849:Brest Arsenal 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3745:country music 3742: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3727:at concerts. 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3548:– in fact "a 3547: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3503:The original 3491: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3470:According to 3463: 3461: 3460:working class 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3429: 3427: 3426:North America 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3315:Weaponization 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305:Philosemitism 3303: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3226:Philosemitism 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3110:The Holocaust 3108: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3061: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3003:Octavian Goga 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988:Ion Antonescu 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2958:Joseph Stalin 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933:Martin Luther 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2838:Andrew Anglin 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2697:4chan (/pol/) 2695: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2588:Currency Wars 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2562: 2561: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2531:Slánský trial 2529: 2527: 2526:Doctors' plot 2524: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2511:Media control 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467:International 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1852: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1833:Radical right 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1592:Borghese coup 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1528:Varg Vikernes 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:Rocky Suhayda 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1453:Otto Strasser 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438:Otto Skorzeny 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1423:Gary Schipper 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1388:Fritz Rössler 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:Terry Nichols 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1258:Clark Martell 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1203:Lee Beom-seok 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1163:Yoshio Kodama 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1153:Jason Kessler 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1003:Bert Eriksson 1001: 999: 996: 994: 993:James Ellison 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 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