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250:, Delabost had previously replaced individual baths with mandatory communal showers for use by prisoners, arguing that they were more economical and hygienic. First six, then eight shower stalls were installed. The water was heated by a steam engine and in less than five minutes, up to eight prisoners could wash simultaneously with only twenty litres of water. The French system of communal showers was adopted by other armies, the first being that of Prussia in 1879, and by prisons in other jurisdictions. They were also adopted by boarding schools, before being installed in public bathhouses. The first shower in a public bathhouse was in 1887 in
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92:. Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. The simplest showers have a swivelling nozzle aiming down on the user, while more complex showers have a showerhead connected to a hose that has a mounting bracket. This allows the showerer to hold the showerhead by hand to spray the water onto different parts of their body. A shower can be installed in a small shower stall or bathtub with a plastic shower curtain or door. Showering is common due to the efficiency of using it compared with a
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735:. Shower doors can come in many different hardware finishes and glass patterns that can match other bathroom hardware such as faucets and shower heads. There are also shower doors that are in a neo angle design for use on shower pans that have the neo design as well. The design of the shower pan is extremely important as the shower door must be the type required for the pan in order to work. A shower door requires plastic lining along the edges of the door to protect against water
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542:, or a military facility have multiple showers. There may be communal shower rooms without divisions, or shower stalls (typically open at the top). Many types of showers are available, including complete shower units which are all encompassing showers that include the pan, walls, and often the shower head, as well as pieced together units in which the pan, shower head, and doors are purchased separately. Each type of shower poses different installation issues.
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uses a sliding shower curtain or door to contain the water spray. Showers may also be in a wet room, in which there is no contained shower area, or in a dedicated shower room, which does not require containment of water spray. Domestic showers can have a single shower head, multiple shower heads, handheld shower head(s) or other variations, all which may be adjustable as needed to varying degrees.
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302:. These can be in the form of individual stalls shielded by curtains or a door or communal shower rooms. The latter are generally large open rooms with any number of shower heads installed either directly into the walls or on posts throughout the shower area. Open showers are often provided at public swimming pools and at popular beaches. Military forces around the world set up
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in London. His shower contraption used a pump to force the water into a vessel above the user's head and a chain would then be pulled to release the water from the vessel. Although the system dispensed with the servant labour of filling up and pouring out buckets of water, the showers failed to catch
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Various measures can be taken to increase safety for those, especially elderly people, taking showers or baths. Some people take more than one shower each day, normally at their normal shower time, and after exercising. People also shower to cool off in hot weather, especially those unaccustomed to
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Shower usage in the latter half of the 20th century skyrocketed. Personal hygiene became a primary concern, and bathing every day or multiple times a day is common among
Western cultures. Showering is generally faster than bathing and can use less water. In an average home, showers are typically the
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that distributed the water over the user's shoulders. The water on the ground was drained and pumped back through the pipes into the basin, where the cycle would repeat itself. The prototype was steadily improved upon in the following decades until it began to approximate the shower of today in its
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A wet room often refers to a bathroom without internal dedicated or raised areas which has an open shower. Structurally, a wet room requires the bathroom to have a gradient or slope towards a drain hole, and a foul air trap connecting the floor to the waste pipes. Depending on region, the term wet
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is used to fill gaps between tiles, but grout and tile setting materials are generally porous. Tiles are generally waterproof, though a shower pan must be installed beneath them as a safety to prevent water leakage. Thus small mosaic tiles offer less of a defense than large format tiles. Sub-tile
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Showering is mostly part of a daily routine primarily to promote cleanliness and prevent odor, disease and infection. Advances in science and medicine in the 19th century began to realize the benefit of regular bathing to an individual's health. As a result, most modern cultures encourage a daily
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10 imp gal) of water annually just for showering. The US Environmental
Protection Agency recommends to retrofit home showers with a shower head that uses less than 2 US gallons (7.6 L; 1.7 imp gal) to conserve water. However, many have hypothesized reducing flow rates of
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Domestic showers are most commonly stall showers or showers combined with a bathtub. A stall shower is a dedicated shower area which uses a door or curtain to contain water spray. The shower/tub format saves bathroom space and enables the area to be used for either a bath or a shower and commonly
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There are also often special regulations concerning electrical installations in wet rooms. For example, since water supplies often have their own electrical grounding, there can be an added risk of injury associated with ground faults, and some jurisdictions therefore require the installation of
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Some people use two shower curtains: one that is inside the tub, which is mainly functional or decorative as well, and an outer shower curtain, which is purely decorative. The bottom portion of the inner curtain often comes with magnetic discs or suction cups which adhere to the bathtub itself.
163:) can be found all around the Mediterranean and as far out as modern-day England. The Romans not only had these showers but also believed in bathing several times a week, if not every day. The water and sewage systems developed by the Greeks and Romans broke down and fell out of use after the
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can be used in shower or bathtub enclosures with two main purposes: to provide privacy and to prevent water from flooding or spraying outside the shower or bathtub area. Shower and bathtub curtains usually surround the bath inside the tub or shower area and are held up with
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and other facilities that use hazardous chemicals, are required by law in the United States; designed to deluge continuously at around 30–60 US gallons (110–230 L) per minute for at least 15 minutes and should be located at most 10 seconds away from potential
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third largest water use after toilets and clothes washers. The average
American shower uses 17.2 US gallons (65 L; 14.3 imp gal) and lasts for 8.2 minutes at an average flow rate of 2.1 US gallons (7.9 L; 1.7 imp gal) per minute.
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showerheads might cause users to take much longer showers. Other options to save water include using extra high pressure mist flow or design in sensors and valves to shut off or reduce water flow while people are not actively using the shower water.
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that help keep water inside a shower or bathtub and are alternatives to shower curtains. They are available in many different styles such as framed or frameless, sliding or swing. They are usually constructed of aluminium, clear glass, plexiglass or
654:, various acidic chemicals or brushes can be used or some heads have rubber-like jets that can be manually descaled. A homemade remedy is to immerse it in a solution of water and vinegar for a while, since the vinegar is able to dissolve limescale.
112:. The falling water rinsed the bathers completely clean and was more efficient than bathing in a traditional basin, which required manual transport of both fresh and waste water. Ancient people began to reproduce these natural phenomena by pouring
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waterproofing is important when tiles are being used. Best practice requires a waterproofing material to cover the walls and floor of the shower area that are then covered with tile, or in some countries with a sheet material like vinyl.
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having indoor shower rooms where servants would bathe them in the privacy of their own homes. However, these were primitive by modern standards, having rudimentary drainage systems and water was carried, not pumped, into the room.
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Designs for shower facilities vary by location and purpose. There are free-standing showers, but also showers which are integrated into a bathtub. Showers are separated from the surrounding area through watertight curtains
406:
Power shower, a shower stall device that works similarly to a mixer shower by mixing existing hot and cold water feeds, but locally increases the water pressure available to the shower head by means of an electric booster
445:
Ceiling-mounted faucets: Ceiling-mounted shower-faucets are typically rain-drop shower-heads mounted in the ceiling of the shower. Water rains down, at low or medium pressure, using gravity to shower on one from directly
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ruling 10 CFR 430. Low-flow shower heads that have a water flow of equal or less than 7.6 litres (1.7 imp gal; 2.0 US gal) per minute (2.0 gallons per minute), can use water more efficiently by
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and regulate shower heads. For example, in the United States, residential and most commercial shower heads must flow no more than 9.5 litres (2.1 imp gal; 2.5 US gal) per minute per the
306:
to enable the washing away of dangerous residue from modern weapons such as caustic chemicals, deadly biological agents, and radioactive materials, which can harm forces on both sides of a conflict.
554:, including a pipe for hot water and for cold water, and a drainage pipe. It is important that the wet areas of a bathroom be waterproof, and multiple layers of waterproofing can be employed.
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high on the wall or ceiling. To accommodate the different types of bathtub shapes, railings can come in different sizes and are flexible in their design. The curtains are usually made from
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Digital shower, a shower system that works in a similar way to mixer or power showers, but provides more control over the temperature of the water with the use of a digital control panel.
480:
Showering is one of the leading ways people use water in the home, accounting for nearly 17 percent of residential indoor water use, which roughly equals to 1,200,000,000 US gallons (4.5
425:, a shower where large quantities of warm water are poured over a spa patron while the user lies within a shallow (wet) bed, similar to a massage table, but with drainage for the water.
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A shower may be equipped with a second emergency drain outside of the shower in case of overflow. An emergency overflow drain is required in
Australia and some European countries.
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Fixed shower heads: Traditional fixed shower-heads are mostly common shower-faucets because they can easily connect to the plumbing fixtures without any additional hardware.
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in the floor is considered a wet room. Different jurisdictions often have special regulations concerning the design and construction of wet rooms to prevent damage from
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mode of operation. Hand-pumped models became fashionable at one point as well as the use of adjustable sprayers for different water flow. The reinvention of reliable
636:. Some shower heads can be adjusted to spray different patterns of water, such as massage, gentle spray, strong spray, and intermittent pulse or combination modes.
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and can also be found represented in pottery of the era. The depictions are very similar to modern locker room showers, and even included bars to hang up clothing.
214:(there is some ambiguity among the sources). The original design was over 10 ft (3.0 m) tall, and was made of several metal pipes painted to look like
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Eco shower, a shower system that comes in mixer or electric variations, but also features a regulator to regulate the flow of water with a view to saving water.
200:
on with the rich as a method for piping hot water through the system was not available. The system would also recycle the same dirty water through every cycle.
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Adjustable shower heads: Adjustable shower faucets often have numerous settings, including pulsating massage and low/medium/high-pressure flow settings.
1337:
1183:"Byggteknisk forskrift (TEK17) med veiledning: VI Fukt, våtrom og rom med vanninstallasjoner § 13-15. Våtrom og rom med vanninstallasjoner"
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Though the installation requirements of each of shower will differ, the installation of a shower in general requires the laying of several
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by 1845, the installation of sanitary sewers began to pay off ... In 1874, ... an unknown plumber solved the problem of venting.
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Shower panels: Unlike a single showerhead, these are wall-mounted with sprayers aimed horizontally at various parts of the body.
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Mixer shower, a shower system that takes water from existing hot and cold water supplies and combines them within the unit.
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231:, supplying a renewable flow of water. The shower cabin was invented in 1839 by Polish-Canadian politician and engineer
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personal hygiene regimen. Showering has also developed the reputation as a relaxing and generally therapeutic activity.
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442:: Hand-set shower-faucets are connected by a flexible hose, and can also be mounted and used like a fixed shower-head.
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units to reclaim much of the waste water's heat and recycle it to the shower head and minimize heat lost to the drain
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The first known mechanical shower, operated by a hand pump, was patented in
England in 1767 by William Feetham, a
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are becoming very popular, especially due to improvements in waterproofing systems and prefabricated components.
939:
419:, a type of bathing where a humidifying steam generator produces steam that is dispersed around a person's body.
371:, a type of bathing where high pressure air is used to blow off excess dust particles from cleanroom personnel.
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Comfort, Cleanliness and
Convenience The Social Organization of Normality (New Technologies/New Cultures)
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a focal point of use, generally overhead the bather. A shower uses less water than a full immersion in a
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rooms used by elites and common citizens alike. These rooms have been discovered at the site of the city
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815:, a storage system inside the shower, typically for shampoo, conditioner, soap and other related things
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The original showers were neither indoor structures nor human-made but were common natural formations:
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Many modern athletic and aquatic facilities provide showers for use by patrons, commonly in
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254:. In France, public bathhouses and showers were established by Charles Cazalet, firstly in
1211:"1910.151: Occupational Safety and Health Standards — Medical services and first aid"
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the water stream, altering nozzles through advanced flow principles or by high-speed
403:, a method of showering that allows for significant conservation of water and energy.
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187:(1826). At the time it was thought cold water showers could alleviate mental illness
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deposits clogging the head, reducing the flow and changing the spray pattern. For
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Compact Houses: 50 Creative Floor Plans for
Efficient, Well-Designed Small Homes
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246:, a French doctor and inventor. As surgeon-general at Bonne Nouvelle prison in
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of the spray stream. The US EPA administers a voluntary water saving program,
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La douche, une invention d'un médecin des prisons, le docteur Merry
Delabost
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383:, a shower stall device to locally heat shower water with electrical power.
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made of lead pipes allowed water to be pumped both into and out of large
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around 1850 allowed free-standing showers to be connected to a running
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International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
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2015:
1980:
1943:
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Lewis' dictionary of occupational and environmental safety and health
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in the 1870s as an economic hygiene measure, under the guidance of
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Design and planning of research and clinical laboratory facilities
687:"Shower curtain" redirects here. For the physical phenomenon, see
203:
This early start was greatly improved in the anonymously invented
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This article is about the bathing facility. For other uses, see
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Traité sur l'aliénation mentale et sur les hospices des aliénés
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2000:
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1217:. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 18 June 1998
616:
555:
259:
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192:
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Humphrey, John W; Olsen, John P; Sherwood, Andrew N (1998).
183:(Treatise on insanity and on the hospices of the insane) by
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1865:
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1648:
1454:
Brauer, Roger L B (2006). "Personal protective equipment".
836:
723:
332:
1538:(3rd ed.). New York: Berkley Publishing Group. 2009.
284:
958:
319:. In Norway, for example, any room with tap water and a
37:"Showering" redirects here. For the English brewer, see
1069:"Wystawa Wynalazcy Wielkiej Emigracji by fomt8 - Issuu"
1241:
982:
1618:. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
1472:
1441:
1278:. North Adams, Mass.: Storey Publishing. p. 10.
1253:
1003:"The Healing Waters: Psychology Today United Kingdom"
976:
238:
Modern showers were installed in the barracks of the
218:. A basin suspended above the pipes fed water into a
72:
A combination shower and bathtub, with movable screen
27:
Place in which a person bathes under a spray of water
1229:
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Some governments around the world set standards for
598:
Diverter valve about to be installed behind a shower
1382:
919:
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493:the climate. Used shower water can be employed as
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2820:
1410:, John Westenhaver, Energy Watcher, 20 June 2009
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571:Repairing damaged tile in a shower stall with a
516:
413:, a shower that does not use a door or curtain.
44:"Hot Shower" redirects here. For the song, see
934:
932:
682:
57:A typical stall shower with height-adjustable
1664:
1338:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1139:"Dr. Merry Delabost, inventor of the shower?"
132:were the first people to have showers. Their
1633:"Bathing for Older people with Disabilities"
1515:Mayer, Leonard (1995). "Emergency systems".
1271:
586:Shower repair showing drain piping with trap
315:room can also encompass other rooms such as
155:also followed this convention; their famous
1491:
988:
964:
929:
717:
679:, which can certify low-flow shower heads.
1671:
1657:
1421:"Curbless Showers - An Installation Guide"
1401:Take A Cold Shower To Cool Off This Summer
1635:. UB School of Architecture and Planning
1612:"Decontamination shower system revamped"
1536:Oxford New Desk Dictionary and Thesaurus
1475:Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook
615:
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1272:Rowan, Gerald; Sanford, Steve (2013).
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844:, a tool for applying soap to the body
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1458:(2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
1235:
1169:
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2676:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
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1492:James, Peter; Thorpe, Nick (1995).
1144:. Hopitaux de Rouen. Archived from
977:Humphrey, Olsen & Sherwood 1998
24:
1442:Cited works and general references
1097:Fameux Rouennais, Rouennais fameux
1032:Plumbing & Mechanical Magazine
456:
25:
2860:
1996:Push-to-pull compression fittings
1001:Smith, Matthew (9 October 2015).
170:
1610:Jones, Jerry (29 October 2004).
1215:Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR)
1137:Feltgen, Dr. (8 November 2000).
1028:"History of Plumbing in America"
942:. theplumber.com. Archived from
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100:is, therefore, common practice.
1456:Safety and health for engineers
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726:(also called screens) used in
624:A shower head is a perforated
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1:
1364:Alliance for Water Efficiency
1308:Alliance for Water Efficiency
1304:Alliance for Water Efficiency
528:
233:Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski
208:
179:Illustration of showers from
80:is a place in which a person
2736:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
2287:Reduced pressure zone device
1678:
1188:Norwegian Building Authority
906:
794:
722:Shower or bathtub doors are
628:that distributes water over
7:
2731:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
2450:Instant hot water dispenser
2252:Piping and plumbing fitting
1580:Vincoli, Jeffrey W (2000).
854:
683:Shower and bathtub curtains
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2077:Backflow prevention device
2062:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
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552:water transportation pipes
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2337:Thermostatic mixing valve
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1561:Shove, Elizabeth (2004).
363:Brazilian electric shower
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2067:Automatic bleeding valve
1706:Compatibility (chemical)
1500:. New York: Ballantine.
1100:. Rouen: PTC-Normandie.
718:Shower and bathtub doors
346:
341:residual-current devices
265:
165:fall of the Roman Empire
2272:Pressure-balanced valve
2267:Pressure vacuum breaker
1976:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
1918:Drain-waste-vent system
1898:Chemical drain cleaners
1519:. John Wiley and Sons.
1477:. New York: Routledge.
1406:8 November 2012 at the
1126:Online text - in French
1007:www.psychologytoday.com
989:James & Thorpe 1995
965:James & Thorpe 1995
801:Pressure-balanced valve
244:François Merry Delabost
32:Shower (disambiguation)
2793:Template:Public health
2465:water recycling shower
2435:Hot water storage tank
1766:Onsite sewage facility
1631:Mullick, Abir (2005).
1124:, Criminocorpus, 2010
901:Water recycling shower
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2778:Fire sprinkler system
2487:Tankless water heater
2430:Garbage disposal unit
2415:Electric water boiler
1887:British Standard Pipe
1426:. NC State University
1191:(in Norwegian BokmĂĄl)
710:, cloth, or plastic.
689:shower-curtain effect
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501:Cultural significance
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430:Types of shower heads
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2477:Storage water heater
2046:Water heat recycling
1954:National Pipe Thread
1856:Water supply network
1094:Biot, Roger (2005).
848:Water heat recycling
776:Raisable shower door
664:Department of Energy
510:Structure and design
258:in 1893 and then in
2808:Template:Wastewater
2666:Hydrostatic testing
2307:Rooftop water tower
1903:Compression fitting
1075:. 25 September 2019
946:on 30 November 2010
940:"The Stand-Up Bath"
886:Solar heated shower
2762:Waterborne disease
2661:Hydronic balancing
2420:Evaporative cooler
2385:Accessible bathtub
2282:Radiator (heating)
2262:Pressure regulator
2157:Double check valve
2132:Concentric reducer
1933:Garden Hose Thread
1826:Thermal insulation
1696:Air gap (plumbing)
1565:. New York: Berg.
1496:Ancient Inventions
1370:on 24 October 2018
1360:"Indoor Water Use"
1314:on 24 October 2018
1300:"Indoor Water Use"
1151:on 12 January 2012
1046:on 6 November 2008
622:
474:
365:
357:
293:
189:
74:
66:
2816:
2815:
2798:Template:Sewerage
2745:Health and safety
2721:NSF International
2531:Specialized tools
2410:Drinking fountain
2377:Plumbing fixtures
2257:Plug (sanitation)
2242:Nipple (plumbing)
2162:Eccentric reducer
2142:Coupling (piping)
2107:Chemigation valve
1960:Nominal Pipe Size
1923:Ductile iron pipe
1821:Thermal expansion
1595:978-1-56670-399-4
1572:978-1-85973-630-2
1545:978-0-425-22862-3
1526:978-0-471-30623-8
1507:978-0-345-40102-1
1484:978-0-415-06136-0
1465:978-0-471-29189-3
1340:. 14 October 2016
534:Places such as a
387:Emergency showers
297:gender segregated
207:shower design of
90:warm or hot water
46:Hot Shower (song)
39:Francis Showering
16:(Redirected from
2856:
2839:Greek inventions
2803:Template:Toilets
2568:Flare-nut wrench
2327:Submersible pump
2152:Dielectric union
2072:Automatic faucet
2031:Thread seal tape
1991:Plastic pipework
1751:Hydrostatic loop
1716:Drain (plumbing)
1673:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1599:
1587:
1576:
1557:
1530:
1511:
1499:
1488:
1469:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1366:. Archived from
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:. Archived from
1296:
1290:
1289:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
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1207:
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1200:
1198:
1196:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1042:. Archived from
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
936:
927:
921:
786:
772:
760:
748:
595:
583:
568:
487:
483:
438:Shower handsets/
213:
210:
21:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2766:
2740:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2631:Pressure sensor
2613:
2607:
2583:Plumber's snake
2526:
2507:Water dispenser
2497:Washing machine
2371:
2197:Flushing trough
2147:Diaphragm valve
2137:Condensate pump
2117:Circulator pump
2097:Butterfly valve
2050:
2021:Solvent welding
1913:Crimp (joining)
1870:
1836:Trap (plumbing)
1811:Surface tension
1688:
1682:
1677:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1619:
1596:
1573:
1546:
1527:
1508:
1485:
1466:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1408:Wayback Machine
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
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1298:
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1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1154:
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1148:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1049:
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1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
971:
963:
959:
949:
947:
938:
937:
930:
922:
913:
909:
857:
797:
790:
787:
778:
773:
764:
761:
752:
751:Bathtub curtain
749:
720:
692:
685:
614:
606:
599:
596:
587:
584:
575:
569:
548:
512:
503:
485:
484:10 L; 1.00
481:
459:
457:Use and ecology
432:
389:, installed in
381:Electric shower
349:
312:
282:
273:
268:
225:indoor plumbing
211:
205:English Regency
185:Joseph Guislain
173:
142:communal shower
106:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2862:
2852:
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2846:
2841:
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2800:
2795:
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2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2707:organizations
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Leak detection
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2641:Water metering
2638:
2636:Water detector
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Plumber wrench
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2522:Water softener
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2467:
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2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
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2359:
2354:
2352:Vacuum ejector
2349:
2347:Vacuum breaker
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
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2289:
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2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Faucet aerator
2169:
2167:Expansion tank
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Sewage pumping
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1949:Leak detection
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Cast iron pipe
1890:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Venturi effect
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Sanitary sewer
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1721:Drinking water
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1646:
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1628:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1577:
1571:
1558:
1544:
1531:
1525:
1512:
1506:
1489:
1483:
1470:
1464:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1412:
1393:
1381:
1351:
1325:
1291:
1284:
1264:
1262:, p. 533.
1252:
1250:, p. 343.
1240:
1238:, p. 155.
1228:
1202:
1174:
1162:
1129:
1113:
1106:
1086:
1060:
1019:
993:
981:
979:, p. 280.
969:
967:, p. 460.
957:
928:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
898:
896:Transfer bench
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
856:
853:
852:
851:
845:
839:
834:
831:Shower speaker
828:
822:
816:
809:
804:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
781:
779:
774:
767:
765:
763:Shower curtain
762:
755:
753:
750:
743:
733:tempered glass
719:
716:
684:
681:
642:may result in
613:
610:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
590:
588:
585:
578:
576:
570:
563:
547:
544:
517:shower curtain
511:
508:
502:
499:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
447:
443:
436:
431:
428:
427:
426:
420:
414:
408:
404:
398:
395:
384:
378:
375:
372:
348:
345:
343:in wet rooms.
311:
308:
300:changing rooms
281:
278:
272:
269:
267:
264:
172:
171:Modern showers
169:
153:ancient Romans
138:sewage systems
130:ancient Greeks
105:
102:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2861:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Template:HVAC
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Plumbing code
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:and standards
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Control valve
2619:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Drain cleaner
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
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2475:
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2466:
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2456:
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2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Hose coupling
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
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2203:
2200:
2198:
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2135:
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2128:
2127:Closet flange
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
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2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Threaded pipe
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2002:
1999:
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1931:
1929:
1928:Flare fitting
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Copper tubing
1906:
1904:
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1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Grade (slope)
1734:
1732:
1731:Friction loss
1729:
1727:
1724:
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1719:
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1699:
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1597:
1591:
1588:. CRC Press.
1586:
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1339:
1335:
1334:"Showerheads"
1329:
1313:
1309:
1305:
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1295:
1287:
1285:9781612121024
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1277:
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1140:
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1127:
1123:
1120:Hervé Dajon,
1117:
1109:
1107:9782350380117
1103:
1099:
1098:
1090:
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1070:
1064:
1057:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:. July 1987.
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620:A shower head
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561:
560:
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541:
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536:swimming pool
532:
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525:folding doors
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329:water leakage
326:
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317:laundry rooms
307:
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304:field showers
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135:
131:
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123:
122:Mesopotamians
119:
115:
114:jugs of water
111:
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88:of typically
87:
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2681:Pipe marking
2654:and services
2650:Professions,
2598:Strap wrench
2538:Basin wrench
2517:Water heater
2512:Water filter
2459:
2425:Flush toilet
2400:Dehumidifier
2342:Trench drain
2322:Street elbow
2312:Safety valve
2297:Relief valve
2237:Needle valve
2222:Grinder pump
2192:Flow limiter
2177:Float switch
2112:Chopper pump
2092:Booster pump
2041:Tube bending
1986:Pipe support
1851:Water hammer
1831:Thermosiphon
1761:Neutral axis
1637:. Retrieved
1620:. Retrieved
1615:
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1535:
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1495:
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1455:
1428:. Retrieved
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1389:Mullick 2005
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1354:
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1312:the original
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1248:Vincoli 2000
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1153:. Retrieved
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1006:
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960:
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
891:Steam shower
842:Washing mitt
825:Shower radio
789:Bathtub door
721:
712:
704:curtain rods
693:
656:
638:
623:
607:
573:caulking gun
549:
546:Installation
533:
513:
504:
491:
479:
475:
440:bidet shower
423:Vichy shower
417:Steam shower
411:Roman shower
391:laboratories
337:
313:
294:
274:
237:
229:water source
202:
197:Ludgate Hill
190:
180:
150:
127:
107:
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75:
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2626:Flow sensor
2614:and control
2612:Measurement
2603:Tap and die
2578:Pipe wrench
2563:Driving cap
2455:Laundry tub
2332:Tap (valve)
2317:Sewage pump
2302:Riser clamp
2247:Pinch valve
2217:Grease trap
2212:Globe valve
2202:Flushometer
2187:Floor drain
2182:Float valve
2102:Check valve
2087:Bleed screw
1861:Water table
1801:Storm sewer
1687:Fundamental
1260:Brauer 2006
881:Navy shower
673:oscillation
659:water usage
630:solid angle
612:Shower head
540:locker room
401:Navy shower
291:shower room
240:French army
212: 1810
195:maker from
2823:Categories
2686:Pipefitter
2573:Pipecutter
2553:Core drill
2440:Humidifier
2405:Dishwasher
2367:Zone valve
2362:Water tank
2207:Gate valve
2082:Ball valve
2055:Components
1875:Technology
1846:Wastewater
1806:Stormwater
1639:5 December
1622:5 December
1534:"Shower".
1430:18 January
1374:30 October
1344:30 October
1318:30 October
1236:Mayer 1995
1170:Jones 2004
950:5 December
924:Shove 2004
819:Shower cap
677:WaterSense
640:Hard water
467:Yevpatoria
369:Air shower
355:Rib shower
157:bathhouses
110:waterfalls
2834:Bathrooms
2705:Industry
2691:Pipelayer
2548:Borescope
2543:Blowtorch
2482:Sump pump
2016:Soldering
1981:Pipe dope
1944:Hydronics
1816:Tap water
1781:Sewer gas
1746:Heat trap
1741:Greywater
1711:Corrosion
1604:Web pages
1554:276819901
1073:issuu.com
1050:6 January
1040:8750-6041
907:Citations
795:Equipment
728:bathrooms
652:descaling
648:magnesium
495:greywater
262:in 1899.
134:aqueducts
2849:Plumbing
2771:See also
2757:Scalding
2445:Icemaker
2232:Manifold
1791:Sewerage
1771:Pressure
1726:Fuel gas
1701:Backflow
1689:concepts
1680:Plumbing
1616:Reporter
1404:Archived
866:Bathroom
855:See also
700:railings
695:Curtains
669:aerating
604:Drainage
529:wet room
325:damp air
310:Wet room
271:Domestic
256:Bordeaux
146:Pergamum
118:Egyptian
84:under a
2844:Hygiene
2829:Bathing
2696:Plumber
2652:trades,
2593:Plunger
2502:Washlet
2390:Bathtub
2292:Reducer
2122:Cistern
2026:Swaging
2006:Sealant
1882:Brazing
1195:21 July
1079:23 July
1012:8 April
871:Bathtub
861:Bathing
811:Shower
807:Shampoo
737:leaking
644:calcium
331:, e.g.
161:Thermae
104:History
98:hygiene
94:bathtub
18:Wetroom
2783:Piping
2492:Urinal
2460:Shower
1966:O-ring
1939:Gasket
1796:Siphon
1786:Sewage
1592:
1569:
1552:
1542:
1523:
1504:
1481:
1462:
1282:
1221:1 June
1104:
1038:
876:Douche
626:nozzle
471:Crimea
446:above.
394:users.
289:Public
280:Public
252:Vienna
220:nozzle
216:bamboo
82:bathes
78:shower
59:nozzle
2395:Bidet
2357:Valve
2001:Putty
1971:Oakum
1962:(NPS)
1956:(NPT)
1935:(GHT)
1889:(BSP)
1448:Books
1424:(PDF)
1149:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
813:caddy
739:out.
724:doors
708:vinyl
556:Grout
523:, or
407:pump.
347:Other
321:drain
266:Types
260:Paris
248:Rouen
193:stove
86:spray
2472:Sink
2277:Pump
1866:Well
1756:Leak
1641:2010
1624:2010
1590:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1550:OCLC
1540:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1432:2017
1376:2018
1346:2018
1320:2018
1280:ISBN
1223:2010
1197:2022
1157:2012
1102:ISBN
1081:2024
1052:2011
1036:ISSN
1014:2023
952:2010
837:Soap
646:and
634:bath
538:, a
333:mold
151:The
136:and
128:The
120:and
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702:or
519:),
327:or
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