1329:
participation in elections. The
Communist Party of Tajikistan, a nominal opposition party that has supported President Rahmon on most issues, has lost support since 2000. The liberal, pro-market Democratic Party also has lost support. In 1997 Rahmon weakened his chief opposition emerging from the civil war, the United Tajik Opposition (UTO), by naming movement leader Akbar Turajonzoda a deputy prime minister. In the ensuing years, the UTO was eclipsed politically by its main component organization, the Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP). In 2003 the IRP lost its chief opposition issue as the ban on religious parties ended. Nevertheless, in 2006 parties still could not receive aid from religious institutions, and tension remained between the government and Islamic factions. In 2006 the IRP was the most influential opposition party in Tajikistan and the only religiously affiliated party represented in the national legislature of a Central Asian country. After the death of long-time IRP leader Said Abdullo Nuri in 2006, a possible split emerged from the struggle for party leadership. Some antigovernment sentiment has been channeled into radical Islamic organizations such as Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is outlawed as a terrorist organization, rather than into conventional political parties. In 2006 six parties, including one faction of the Democratic Party, were banned, and a total of eight parties were registered. In 2005 Mahmadruzi Iskandarov, head of the Democratic Party, received a long prison term for terrorism after being abducted from exile, and in 2006 his party was replaced on the official list by a government-backed splinter group, Vatan.
688:, then the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan, went on record in defence of the (Soviet) status quo when complaining to a journalist of Izvestia that the country is falling into chaos. This statement encapsulated the feeling of the republican leadership. Support for the putschists exasperated the already galvanised intelligentsia. A flood of demonstrators blocked roads adjacent to the building of the Supreme Soviet and forced Kahar Mahkamov to resign on 31 August 1991. Demonstrators, encouraged by the opposition parties but not entirely controlled by them, had far-reaching demands: the banning of the Communist party and the nationalization of its assets, the resignation of the entire government, the dissolution of the legislature and new elections.
1248:
irregularities in the conduct of the 1999 presidential election, in which only one opposition candidate was permitted to register, and the media were censored. Six parties participated in the 2000 and 2005 parliamentary elections, although in both cases observers reported state interference with the process and with opposition candidates' access to the media. Rahmon easily won re-election in
November 2006, gaining 79 percent of the vote against four little-known opponents; international monitors again found the election unfair. Three major opposition parties—the Democratic Party, the Islamic Renaissance Party, and the Social Democratic Party—boycotted the election.
741:. At the same time, Taliban advances in northern Afghanistan threatened to inundate Tajikistan with thousands of refugees. A constant flow of illegal narcotics continues to transit Tajikistan from Afghanistan on its way to Russian and European markets, leaving widespread violent crime, corruption, increased HIV incidence, and economic distortions in its wake. During 2002, stability in the country continued to increase, and the year was largely free of the assassinations and outbreaks of violence perpetrated by unreformed opposition members that plagued the country in previous years.
857:
Rahmon left the opposition with only 5 percent of major government positions. This event followed the expiration of the 1997 peace guarantee that the United Tajik
Opposition (UTO) would occupy at least 30 percent of top government positions. Prior to the 2006 election, the Council of Ministers, which executes the decisions of the president, included two deputy prime ministers, 19 ministers, nine committee heads, and several ex officio members. After the election, Rahmon abolished 10 ministries and five state committees and reappointed
2238:
223:
928:
court serving as an appellate court for the level below. Appeals of court decisions are rare because the populace generally does not trust the judicial system. Constitutional guarantees to the right to an attorney and to a prompt and public trial often are ignored. The Soviet-era presumption of the guilt of the defendant remains in force. The procurator’s office conducts all criminal investigations. Trials are heard by juries except in cases of national security.
3064:
1338:
1122:
3074:
76:
1357:
1262:
1158:
623:
1081:
137:
35:
722:, while no longer specifically obliged—as he was under the peace accords—to allocate one-third of government positions to the UTO, has kept some former UTO officials in senior cabinet-level positions. While the government and the now incorporated former opposition continue to distrust each other, they have often found a way to work with each other and are committed to peacefully resolving their differences.
703:(UTO). Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. The height of hostilities occurred between 1992 and 1993. By 1997, the predominantly Kulyabi-led Tajik government and the UTO successfully negotiated a power-sharing peace accord and implemented it by 2000.
849:'s election to the office of the president in 2006 counts as his first 7-year term under the 2003 Constitution, and was re-elected for a second term in 2013, remaining in office until 2020. Rahmon holds the title of 'Leader of the Nation' and is therefore exempt from presidential term limits. This title also grants him and his family
932:
basis of a license issued by the
Ministry of Justice." While there is evidence of female lawyers on account of the League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan's existence, there is no indication as to how women have fared in the legal field once the country declared its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
927:
Though the judiciary is nominally independent, the executive branch and criminal groups have considerable influence on judicial functions. Bribery of judges, who are poorly paid and poorly trained, is commonplace. The court system has local, district, regional, and national levels, with each higher
923:
The constitution provides for an independent judiciary. The
Supreme Court is the highest court. Other high courts include the Supreme Economic Court and the Constitutional Court, which decides questions of constitutionality. The president appoints the judges of these three courts, with the approval
931:
The
Republic Bar Association (also called the Bar Association of the Republic of Tajikistan) gained its independence in 1995. Yet, according to a source, it was not until 1998 that "the concept of a lawyer-attorney was introduced , being defined as a business person providing legal services on the
856:
In this geographically divided country, the ceremonial position of prime minister traditionally is held by a person from the north to nominally balance
President Emomali Rahmon’s southern origin. In 2004 the executive branch fell further under the control of the governing party as appointments by
898:
The members of the
Assembly of Representatives are chosen by direct popular election for a five-year term. Of the 63 members of the Assembly of Representatives, 22 are elected by party, in proportion to the number of votes received by each party gaining at least 5 percent of total votes, and the
1242:
Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 years of age and older. A new election law passed in 2004 has received international criticism for its restrictive candidate registration requirements. Election requires an absolute majority of votes; if no candidate gains a majority, a second round is held
914:
The pro-government People’s
Democratic Party continued to control both houses of the parliament after the elections of 2005; that party gained 52 of the 63 seats in the Assembly of Representatives. In 2006, 11 women sat in the Assembly of Representatives, and five sat in the National Assembly.
717:
Both
Tajikistan's presidential and parliamentary elections, in 1999 and 2000, respectively, were widely considered to be flawed and unfair but peaceful. The inclusion of an Islamist party committed to secular government (Islamic Renaissance Party) and several other parties in the Parliamentary
1247:
regime has gained substantial influence over the registration of parties, the holding of referendums, and election procedures. In 1999 and 2003, referendums of dubious fairness made constitutional changes that strengthened Rahmon's hold on power. International observers also found substantial
1328:
In the early 2000s, independent political parties continued to exist, but their operations were circumscribed and their influence marginal. The governing People’s Democratic Party (PDP) gained strength as some opposition party leaders joined the government and others were disqualified from
1063:) of people's deputies, who are elected locally for a five-year term. The executive power in provinces, towns, and districts is vested in the head of local administration, who is directly appointed by the President, with the approval of the local
718:
elections represented an improvement in the Tajik people's right to choose their government. Tajikistan is the only Central Asian country in which a religiously affiliated political party is represented in Parliament. President
683:
The August 1991 putsch widened the rift. Frustrated by daily demonstrations in front of the Supreme Soviet and the erosion of the government's authority, the regime appeared to support the Moscow putschists.
910:
and in the cities subordinated directly to central government; each of these subnational jurisdictions is entitled to equal representation. The remaining members are appointed directly by the president.
837:, is both the head of state and the head of government. The president appoints the prime minister and all the members of the government, without the need of parliamentary approval. Tajikistan is thus a
864:
In October 2020, Tajikistan's authoritarian President Emomali Rahmon was reelected for a fifth term with nearly 91 percent of the vote, following a tightly controlled and largely ceremonial election.
941:
1043:(village-level self-governing units). As of 2008, there were 58 districts and 367 jamoats in Tajikistan. In addition, subregional units included 17 towns and 54 urban-type settlements (
1805:
1771:
1708:
1495:
1503:
147:
1571:
1567:
714:
that never left Tajikistan when it became independent. Most of these Russian-led forces, however, are local Tajik non-commissioned officers and soldiers.
1898:
1643:
1858:
1587:
1579:
1059:
Local government is divided into representative and executive branches. The representative branch in provinces, towns, and districts is the assembly (
1535:
1515:
1837:
1801:
1483:
1527:
3029:
1674:
1739:
1487:
733:
produced cross-border effects that threatened to destabilize Tajikistan's fragile and hard-won peace. In the summers of 1999 and 2000, the
2186:
593:
since 1994. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and
822:
802:
1945:
1507:
2304:
1603:
1555:
344:
163:
3039:
2978:
2417:
1882:
1374:
1323:
1283:
1179:
1094:
644:
48:
1793:
1559:
1519:
2953:
2703:
2540:
2486:
1761:
968:
902:
In the National Assembly, three-fourths of the members are chosen by the deputies of the local representative assemblies (
1563:
752:
1696:
2998:
2279:
2140:
1475:
980:
17:
2274:
1607:
1539:
1531:
1499:
1491:
1479:
1396:
1309:
1223:
1205:
1108:
670:
188:
118:
62:
1291:
1187:
652:
601:
are rampant. Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 35-year-old son
2499:
2370:
1595:
760:
3098:
2390:
2294:
2222:
2179:
1424:
1019:
is also the administrative center of the Region of Republican Subordination. Each region is divided into several
308:
151:
85:
2567:
2518:
2264:
1378:
1287:
1183:
876:
734:
648:
2788:
2562:
2432:
2407:
1631:
924:
of the legislature. There is also a Military Court. The judges of all courts are appointed to 10-year terms.
692:
267:
1965:
3034:
2602:
2427:
2309:
2284:
2269:
2154:
1832:
1766:
1511:
812:
413:
2993:
2898:
2471:
2212:
1827:
1543:
1100:
516:
54:
2299:
2530:
2395:
2380:
2289:
2172:
1471:
915:
Opposition factions in the Supreme Assembly have clashed with pro-government members over some issues.
892:
842:
711:
250:
3003:
2466:
2400:
1599:
2476:
1664:
861:
as prime minister. Rahmon is said to have accumulated substantial informal power through patronage.
2948:
2913:
2868:
2720:
2696:
2637:
2040:
1729:
1611:
1523:
1272:
1168:
633:
887:), which meets year-round (from November through end of June), and the 33-seat National Assembly (
2838:
2833:
2728:
2547:
2504:
2422:
2385:
2248:
1946:"Emomali Rakhmon wins Tajikistan election with more than 90% of vote | DW | 12.10.2020"
1367:
1276:
1237:
1172:
1020:
988:
948:
907:
792:
700:
637:
555:
396:
376:
318:
155:
2958:
2848:
2828:
2778:
2748:
2738:
2632:
2412:
1591:
1467:
706:
Tajikistan is slowly rebuilding itself with an integrated government and continues to permit a
359:
89:
3044:
2923:
2918:
2798:
2656:
2594:
2454:
2440:
2227:
2204:
696:
448:
2988:
2938:
2893:
2873:
2863:
2763:
2607:
2577:
2552:
2481:
2237:
438:
100:
8:
3018:
2963:
2878:
2858:
2743:
2733:
2689:
2665:
2627:
2622:
2375:
838:
737:
used Tajikistan as a staging ground for an insurgency campaign against the government of
590:
548:
239:
1135:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
891:), which meets at least twice per year. The bicameral legislature was introduced in the
3008:
2943:
2908:
2843:
2823:
2813:
2773:
2758:
2753:
2582:
2491:
2122:
2077:
1932:
1669:
1000:
756:
567:
563:
403:
1243:
between the top two vote getters. By controlling the Central Election Commission, the
699:
from 1992–1997 between old-guard regits, and Islamists loosely organized as the
96:
3073:
3049:
2968:
2928:
2903:
2883:
2818:
2793:
2783:
2768:
2670:
2217:
2081:
1906:
1420:
685:
605:, who is the chairman of the country's parliament and the mayor of its capital city,
571:
2888:
2853:
2808:
2803:
2712:
2617:
2067:
817:
586:
575:
423:
2141:"Uzbekistan: Tajik Language Under Pressure in Ancient Samarkand | Eurasianet"
2111:"To be an Uzbek or Not to be a Tajik? Ethnicity and Locality in the Bukhara Oasis"
1983:
2330:
845:, among other amendments, set a limit of two seven-year terms for the president.
834:
2095:
2011:
2557:
1950:
1639:
1575:
1244:
1044:
1024:
992:
972:
850:
846:
797:
719:
710:
military presence to guard their border with Afghanistan and the basing of the
602:
582:
386:
2072:
2055:
3092:
3067:
2612:
1910:
1734:
764:
559:
482:
366:
287:
236:
2572:
2325:
1456:
1410:
277:
3077:
858:
730:
334:
298:
257:
2126:
2110:
1859:"Mysterious Wealth: Tajikistan PM's Wife Bought Luxury Dubai Properties"
2195:
1452:
1443:
1431:
1381: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1345:
1337:
940:
738:
594:
543:
222:
2164:
841:. Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 and the
2335:
1435:
873:
501:
1968:
About the elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan
1356:
1261:
1157:
622:
2681:
1704:
1547:
1016:
606:
598:
551:
486:
291:
1439:
1012:
1008:
1004:
960:
952:
899:
remaining members are elected from single-member constituencies.
726:
695:
from Soviet Union, on September 9, 1991 and promptly fell into a
1935:. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (January 2007).
1011:(formerly Qurghonteppa), and the capital of Gorno-Badakhshan is
2535:
1583:
1448:
1416:
1341:
707:
1984:"IFES Election Guide | Elections: Assembly of Representatives"
1632:"Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon | DW | 12.10.2020"
354:
Shukurjon Zuhurov, Chairman of the Assembly of Representatives
329:
Indirect elections, appointed by the President of the Republic
2025:
Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008
956:
1697:"The world's enduring dictators: Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan"
1462:
895:
and prior to that Tajikistan had a unicameral legislature.
1899:"Tajikistan votes to allow president to rule indefinitely"
1794:"Tajikistan: President's Daughter Gets Plum Ministry Job"
1551:
2096:"Refworld | Chronology for Tajiks in Uzbekistan"
1730:"Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report"
1455:, and historically Tajiks lived in a larger area in
883:) includes the 63-seat Assembly of Representatives (
751:The sections that follow incorporate text from the
1054:
2060:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
581:In practice, Tajikistan is governed by President
3090:
1802:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project
1762:"Nepotism And Dynasty In Central Asian Politics"
1665:"World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan"
1007:(formerly Leninabad), the capital of Khatlon is
1442:and the surrounding areas) have called to join
2027:, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008
2697:
2180:
2155:"Repairing Broken Tajik-Uzbek Relationship"
2108:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1290:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1186:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1109:Learn how and when to remove these messages
935:
651:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2704:
2690:
2187:
2173:
1883:Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan
1828:"The Happiest Member Of The Rahmon Family"
547:nominally takes place in a framework of a
99:. Please do not remove this message until
2071:
1885:as amended by referendum of 22 June 2003
1397:Learn how and when to remove this message
1310:Learn how and when to remove this message
1224:Learn how and when to remove this message
1206:Learn how and when to remove this message
671:Learn how and when to remove this message
189:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1869:
1463:International organization participation
1430:In recent years, some Tajiks in eastern
1336:
1015:(formerly Khorog). The national capital
150:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
95:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2194:
2018:
1825:
1759:
1332:
1324:List of political parties in Tajikistan
823:People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
803:People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
612:
14:
3091:
2005:
2003:
977:Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon
712:Russian 201st Motorized Rifle Division
2685:
2365:
2168:
2109:Finke, Peter; Sancak, Meltem (2012).
1928:
1926:
1791:
1677:from the original on 24 February 2019
1039:), which in turn are subdivided into
867:
2711:
2012:"THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN TAJIKISTAN"
2009:
1905:. Agence France-Presse. 2016-05-23.
1379:adding citations to reliable sources
1350:
1288:adding citations to reliable sources
1255:
1251:
1184:adding citations to reliable sources
1151:
1115:
1074:
985:Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya
649:adding citations to reliable sources
616:
578:and the two chambers of parliament.
130:
69:
28:
2053:
2000:
1826:Pannier, Bruce (10 February 2018).
1070:
744:
24:
2236:
1923:
981:Region of Republican Subordination
939:
918:
25:
3110:
2041:"The Tajik Tragedy of Uzbekistan"
1808:from the original on 11 July 2021
1774:from the original on 11 July 2021
1760:Pannier, Bruce (23 August 2016).
1742:from the original on 11 July 2021
1090:This section has multiple issues.
753:Library of Congress Country Study
44:This article has multiple issues.
3072:
3063:
3062:
1711:from the original on 9 July 2021
1646:from the original on 6 July 2021
1355:
1260:
1156:
1120:
1079:
621:
221:
135:
74:
33:
2147:
2133:
2102:
2088:
2047:
2033:
1976:
1958:
1938:
1891:
1840:from the original on 7 May 2021
1425:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
1366:needs additional citations for
1098:or discuss these issues on the
1055:Provincial and local government
691:During this turmoil Tajikistan
534:Namat Karabaev Street, Dushanbe
321:, Chairman of the Majlisi Milli
309:National Assembly of Tajikistan
52:or discuss these issues on the
3030:British Indian Ocean Territory
1851:
1819:
1785:
1753:
1722:
1689:
1657:
1624:
735:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
725:Prior to the overthrow of the
13:
1:
906:) in the country's four main
1833:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1767:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
7:
1003:). The capital of Sughd is
963:, the autonomous province (
951:. These are the provinces (
893:September 1999 Constitution
759:(January 2007), which is a
345:Assembly of Representatives
101:conditions to do so are met
10:
3115:
2115:Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
1933:Tajikistan country profile
1414:
1408:
1321:
1235:
757:Tajikistan Country Profile
729:in 2001, the civil war in
589:regime with elements of a
251:Constitution of Tajikistan
162:Such statements should be
3058:
3017:
2977:
2719:
2650:
2593:
2526:
2517:
2462:
2453:
2361:
2352:
2318:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2234:
2203:
2073:10.1017/S002510031300011X
1129:This section needs to be
1048:
1028:
996:
947:Tajikistan consists of 4
786:
783:
780:
777:
693:declared its independence
530:
522:
515:
507:
500:
492:
478:
470:
462:
454:
444:
437:
429:
419:
409:
402:
392:
382:
372:
365:
358:
350:
340:
333:
325:
314:
304:
297:
283:
273:
263:
256:
246:
232:
220:
203:
2779:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1617:
949:administrative divisions
936:Administrative divisions
908:administrative divisions
761:United States government
458:Kokhir Rasulzoda Cabinet
449:Government of Tajikistan
3040:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1451:are a main minority in
1238:Elections in Tajikistan
701:United Tajik Opposition
511:Judiciary of Tajikistan
319:Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev
242:constitutional republic
3099:Politics of Tajikistan
2487:Science and technology
2241:
1348:
997:Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ
944:
833:The president, who is
574:is vested in both the
526:Shermuhammad Shokhiyon
205:Politics of Tajikistan
2240:
1988:www.electionguide.org
1415:Further information:
1340:
943:
839:presidential republic
2954:United Arab Emirates
2054:Ido, Shinji (2014).
1966:"Constitutional law
1375:improve this article
1333:Tajiks in Uzbekistan
1284:improve this section
1180:improve this section
999:; formerly known as
885:Majlisi namoyandagon
773:Main office-holders
645:improve this section
613:Political background
227:Emblem of Tajikistan
164:clarified or removed
2981:limited recognition
2376:Central Asian Union
2336:Tian Shan mountains
1673:. 15 January 2019.
991:from Russian or in
774:
763:publication in the
591:cult of personality
397:Direct popular vote
213:Siyosati Tojikiston
88:of this article is
2500:Telecommunications
2371:Capital punishment
2305:Towns and villages
2242:
2010:Usmanova, Mahira.
1792:Benevento, Chris.
1670:Human Rights Watch
1349:
1001:Karotegin Province
945:
868:Legislative branch
772:
585:who has headed an
568:multi-party system
564:head of government
404:Head of government
258:Legislative branch
209:Сиёсати Тоҷикистон
18:Western Tajikistan
3086:
3085:
3023:other territories
2713:Politics of Asia
2679:
2678:
2646:
2645:
2513:
2512:
2449:
2448:
2433:Supreme Assembly
2418:Political parties
2391:Foreign relations
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2218:Basmachi movement
1421:Basmachi movement
1407:
1406:
1399:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1252:Political parties
1234:
1233:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1150:
1149:
1113:
843:2003 Constitution
831:
830:
827:23 November 2013
807:16 November 1994
686:Qadriddin Aslonov
681:
680:
673:
572:Legislative power
538:
537:
351:Presiding officer
315:Presiding officer
199:
198:
191:
181:
180:
129:
128:
121:
67:
16:(Redirected from
3106:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3035:Christmas Island
2721:Sovereign states
2706:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2659:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2460:
2459:
2436:
2359:
2358:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2056:"Bukharan Tajik"
2051:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1707:. 19 June 2011.
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1628:
1447:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1359:
1351:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1264:
1256:
1229:
1222:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1105:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1071:Electoral system
1050:
1030:
998:
969:Gorno-Badakhshan
965:viloyati mukhtor
877:Supreme Assembly
835:directly elected
818:Kokhir Rasulzoda
775:
771:
745:Executive branch
676:
669:
665:
662:
656:
625:
617:
576:executive branch
424:Kokhir Rasulzoda
360:Executive branch
268:Supreme Assembly
225:
215:
201:
200:
194:
187:
176:
173:
167:
139:
138:
131:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
78:
77:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3054:
3022:
3013:
2994:Northern Cyprus
2980:
2973:
2715:
2710:
2680:
2675:
2662:
2655:
2642:
2589:
2563:Public holidays
2509:
2493:
2445:
2434:
2408:Law enforcement
2340:
2331:Pamir mountains
2314:
2243:
2232:
2199:
2193:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1870:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1701:www.cbsnews.com
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1465:
1429:
1427:
1413:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1372:
1360:
1335:
1326:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1281:
1265:
1254:
1240:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1177:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1057:
989:transliteration
938:
921:
919:Judicial branch
870:
747:
677:
666:
660:
657:
642:
626:
615:
502:Judicial branch
455:Current cabinet
228:
216:
211:
210:
207:
206:
195:
184:
183:
182:
177:
171:
168:
161:
140:
136:
125:
114:
108:
105:
94:
79:
75:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3112:
3102:
3101:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2428:Prime Minister
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Extreme points
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198: articles
2192:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2146:
2132:
2101:
2087:
2046:
2032:
2017:
1999:
1975:
1957:
1951:Deutsche Welle
1937:
1922:
1890:
1868:
1850:
1818:
1784:
1752:
1721:
1688:
1656:
1640:Deutsche Welle
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1464:
1461:
1409:Main article:
1405:
1404:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1334:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1268:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1232:
1231:
1214:
1213:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1056:
1053:
937:
934:
920:
917:
869:
866:
851:legal immunity
847:Emomali Rahmon
829:
828:
825:
820:
815:
813:Prime Minister
809:
808:
805:
800:
798:Emomali Rahmon
795:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
770:
769:
746:
743:
720:Emomali Rahmon
679:
678:
629:
627:
620:
614:
611:
603:Rustam Emomali
583:Emomali Rahmon
554:, whereby the
536:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
520:
519:
513:
512:
509:
505:
504:
498:
497:
494:
490:
489:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
466:Prime Minister
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:
435:
434:
431:
427:
426:
421:
417:
416:
414:Prime Minister
411:
407:
406:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:
387:Emomali Rahmon
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
363:
362:
356:
355:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
301:
295:
294:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
234:
230:
229:
226:
218:
217:
208:
204:
197:
196:
179:
178:
143:
141:
134:
127:
126:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3111:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:South Ossetia
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2541:ethnic groups
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Early history
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1798:www.occrp.org
1795:
1788:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:Freedom House
1731:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1364:This section
1362:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1325:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1300:November 2021
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:This section
1267:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1228:
1225:
1210:
1207:
1199:
1196:November 2021
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1165:This section
1163:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
933:
929:
925:
916:
912:
909:
905:
900:
896:
894:
890:
889:Majlisi milli
886:
882:
878:
875:
865:
862:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
776:
768:
766:
765:public domain
762:
758:
754:
749:
748:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
715:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
675:
672:
664:
661:November 2021
654:
650:
646:
640:
639:
635:
630:This section
628:
624:
619:
618:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:authoritarian
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:head of state
557:
553:
550:
546:
545:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:
517:Supreme Court
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:
484:
483:Dousti Square
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
425:
422:
418:
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
367:Head of state
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
288:Dousti Square
286:
284:Meeting place
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
224:
219:
214:
202:
193:
190:
175:
172:November 2021
165:
159:
157:
153:
149:
144:This article
142:
133:
132:
123:
120:
112:
109:November 2021
102:
98:
92:
91:
87:
81:
72:
71:
66:
64:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3019:Dependencies
2949:Turkmenistan
2933:
2914:Saudi Arabia
2603:Architecture
2578:coat of arms
2531:Demographics
2472:Central bank
2435:(parliament)
2396:Human rights
2381:Constitution
2353:
2326:Central Asia
2149:
2135:
2121:(1): 47–70.
2118:
2114:
2104:
2090:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2035:
2029:(in Russian)
2024:
2020:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:
1978:
1967:
1960:
1949:
1940:
1914:. Retrieved
1903:The Guardian
1902:
1893:
1887:(in Russian)
1862:
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1797:
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1765:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1648:. Retrieved
1635:
1626:
1466:
1457:Central Asia
1434:(especially
1428:
1411:Uzbekisation
1393:
1384:
1373:Please help
1368:verification
1365:
1327:
1306:
1297:
1282:Please help
1270:
1241:
1220:
1202:
1193:
1178:Please help
1166:
1138:
1130:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1092:Please help
1089:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1040:
1036:
1032:
984:
976:
964:
946:
930:
926:
922:
913:
903:
901:
897:
888:
884:
880:
871:
863:
855:
832:
750:
724:
716:
705:
690:
682:
667:
658:
643:Please help
631:
580:
566:, and of a
549:presidential
542:politics of
541:
539:
479:Headquarters
247:Constitution
240:presidential
212:
185:
169:
156:unverifiable
148:weasel words
145:
115:
106:
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
3078:Asia portal
2979:States with
2899:Philippines
2839:South Korea
2834:North Korea
2729:Afghanistan
2467:Agriculture
2280:Environment
2275:Earthquakes
1614:(observer)
979:), and the
881:Majlisi Oli
859:Oqil Oqilov
731:Afghanistan
523:Chief judge
335:Lower house
299:Upper house
233:Polity type
158:information
2959:Uzbekistan
2934:Tajikistan
2849:Kyrgyzstan
2829:Kazakhstan
2749:Bangladesh
2739:Azerbaijan
2618:Literature
2494:(currency)
2223:Soviet era
2196:Tajikistan
2066:: 87–102.
1993:2017-01-25
1916:2016-09-07
1844:2021-07-11
1812:2021-07-11
1778:2021-07-11
1746:2021-07-05
1715:2021-07-05
1650:2021-07-05
1459:than now.
1453:Uzbekistan
1444:Tajikistan
1432:Uzbekistan
1387:March 2022
1346:Uzbekistan
1322:See also:
1236:See also:
1095:improve it
739:Uzbekistan
595:corruption
544:Tajikistan
493:Ministries
86:neutrality
49:improve it
3045:Hong Kong
2999:Palestine
2924:Sri Lanka
2919:Singapore
2799:Indonesia
2548:Education
2505:Transport
2423:President
2386:Elections
2295:Mountains
2249:Geography
2228:Civil War
2082:232344116
1911:0261-3077
1436:Samarkand
1271:does not
1167:does not
1141:June 2019
1101:talk page
1021:districts
874:bicameral
793:President
697:civil war
632:does not
556:President
474:President
471:Appointer
433:President
430:Appointer
420:Currently
393:Appointer
383:Currently
377:President
326:Appointer
278:Bicameral
146:contains
97:talk page
55:talk page
3093:Category
3068:Category
2989:Abkhazia
2939:Thailand
2894:Pakistan
2874:Mongolia
2869:Maldives
2864:Malaysia
2764:Cambodia
2666:Category
2633:Religion
2558:Language
2413:Military
2354:Politics
2310:Wildlife
2127:23333538
1838:Archived
1806:Archived
1772:Archived
1740:Archived
1709:Archived
1705:CBS News
1675:Archived
1644:Archived
1548:Intelsat
1017:Dushanbe
607:Dushanbe
599:nepotism
558:is both
552:republic
487:Dushanbe
292:Dushanbe
90:disputed
2964:Vietnam
2879:Myanmar
2859:Lebanon
2789:Georgia
2744:Bahrain
2734:Armenia
2657:Outline
2613:Cuisine
2595:Culture
2568:Symbols
2519:Society
2492:Somoni
2455:Economy
2441:Regions
2366:Cabinet
2265:Borders
2205:History
1865:. 2024.
1440:Bukhara
1292:removed
1277:sources
1188:removed
1173:sources
1131:updated
1041:jamoats
1013:Khorugh
1009:Bokhtar
1005:Khujand
961:Khatlon
953:viloyat
904:majlisi
778:Office
727:Taliban
708:Russian
653:removed
638:sources
439:Cabinet
237:Unitary
3009:Taiwan
2944:Turkey
2909:Russia
2844:Kuwait
2824:Jordan
2814:Israel
2774:Cyprus
2759:Brunei
2754:Bhutan
2671:Portal
2638:Sports
2608:Cinema
2573:anthem
2553:Health
2536:people
2482:Mining
2477:Energy
2300:Rivers
2270:Cities
2125:
2080:
1909:
1681:13 May
1636:DW.COM
1584:UNESCO
1580:UNCTAD
1449:Tajiks
1423:, and
1417:Tajiks
1342:Tajiks
1245:Rahmon
1065:majlis
1061:majlis
1049:шаҳрак
1033:nohiya
787:Since
784:Party
463:Leader
152:biased
3050:Macau
2969:Yemen
2929:Syria
2904:Qatar
2884:Nepal
2819:Japan
2794:India
2784:Egypt
2769:China
2628:Music
2623:Media
2319:Areas
2290:Lakes
2123:JSTOR
2078:S2CID
1863:OCCRP
1618:Notes
1588:UNIDO
1536:IFRCS
1496:ESCAP
1045:Tajik
1037:raion
1029:ноҳия
1025:Tajik
993:Tajik
973:Tajik
967:) of
957:Sughd
955:) of
781:Name
410:Title
373:Title
2889:Oman
2854:Laos
2809:Iraq
2804:Iran
2583:flag
2401:LGBT
1907:ISSN
1683:2020
1612:WTrO
1604:WIPO
1596:WFTU
1572:OSCE
1568:OPCW
1528:IFAD
1516:ICRM
1508:ICAO
1504:IBRD
1484:EBRD
1480:EAPC
1468:AsDB
1438:and
1275:any
1273:cite
1171:any
1169:cite
971:(in
959:and
872:The
636:any
634:cite
597:and
562:and
540:The
531:Seat
508:Name
445:Name
341:Name
305:Name
274:Type
264:Name
83:The
3021:and
2119:137
2068:doi
1608:WMO
1600:WHO
1592:UPU
1564:OIC
1560:ITU
1556:IOM
1552:IOC
1544:IMF
1540:ILO
1532:IFC
1524:IDB
1520:IDA
1512:ICC
1500:FAO
1492:ECO
1488:ECE
1476:CIS
1472:CCC
1377:by
1344:of
1286:by
1182:by
1051:).
1035:or
987:in
647:by
154:or
3095::
2117:.
2113:.
2076:.
2064:44
2062:.
2058:.
2002:^
1986:.
1948:.
1925:^
1901:.
1871:^
1861:.
1836:.
1830:.
1804:.
1800:.
1796:.
1770:.
1764:.
1738:.
1732:.
1703:.
1699:.
1667:.
1642:.
1638:.
1634:.
1610:,
1606:,
1602:,
1598:,
1594:,
1590:,
1586:,
1582:,
1578:,
1576:UN
1574:,
1570:,
1566:,
1562:,
1558:,
1554:,
1550:,
1546:,
1542:,
1538:,
1534:,
1530:,
1526:,
1522:,
1518:,
1514:,
1510:,
1506:,
1502:,
1498:,
1494:,
1490:,
1486:,
1482:,
1478:,
1474:,
1470:,
1419:,
1104:.
1067:.
1047::
1031:,
1027::
995::
975::
853:.
755::
609:.
570:.
496:14
485:,
290:,
58:.
2705:e
2698:t
2691:v
2188:e
2181:t
2174:v
2157:.
2143:.
2129:.
2098:.
2084:.
2070::
2043:.
2014:.
1996:.
1972:.
1970:"
1954:.
1919:.
1847:.
1815:.
1781:.
1749:.
1718:.
1685:.
1653:.
1446:.
1400:)
1394:(
1389:)
1385:(
1371:.
1313:)
1307:(
1302:)
1298:(
1294:.
1280:.
1227:)
1221:(
1209:)
1203:(
1198:)
1194:(
1190:.
1176:.
1143:)
1139:(
1133:.
1111:)
1107:(
1023:(
983:(
879:(
767:.
674:)
668:(
663:)
659:(
655:.
641:.
192:)
186:(
174:)
170:(
166:.
160:.
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
103:.
93:.
65:)
61:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
