2145:
3043:
36:
523:. Western Lombard and Standard Italian are very different. Some speakers of Lombard varieties may have difficulty understanding one another and require a standard to communicate, but all Western Lombard varieties are mutually intelligible. Western Lombard is relatively homogeneous (much more so than
611:). The final vowel keeps its original length (non-final syllables have no difference), which is often long when it is followed by a voiced consonant and short when it is followed by a voiceless consonant. When the stem ends with a particular consonant cluster, there can be the addition of a final
781:(provinces of Milan, Monza, Novara and Valsesia of Vercelli). The boundaries are obviously schematic, since the political division in provinces and municipalities are usually independent from languages spoken.
2017:
1516:(1886–1939). It was perfected by the Circolo Filologico di Milano. Other orthographies are the Ticinese, the Comasca, the Bosina, the Nuaresat, and the Lecchese.
655:). When the word stem ends with a particular group of consonants, both singular and plural forms can add a schwa between consonants; otherwise, a final
1833:
5296:
2188:
2133:
1587:) from other parts of Italy, the use of Western Lombard is very rare in western Lombardy and most people are not able to speak it fluently.
3407:
1579:
Although the upper bound to the number of speakers is around 2,500,000, this figure represents more closely the number of people who can
2604:
2111:
61:
1826:
5329:
3858:
2850:
3790:
2337:
2100:
3593:
3588:
3532:
3420:
3373:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
1320:
1278:
359:
3693:
3583:
2389:
3808:
1288:
2159:
5324:
4647:
1819:
1774:
79:
4707:
2126:
1156:
1073:
444:
3995:
3600:
3400:
2703:
2279:
1966:
1142:
349:
260:
17:
4795:
4696:
2095:
1505:
1429:
339:
4666:
4603:
4281:
2035:
1190:
1112:
400:
1436:
1176:
1149:
4730:
4133:
1492:
1338:
1334:
543:
539:
535:
531:
5171:
4609:
3578:
3507:
2119:
1445:
575:
The general lines of diachronics of
Western Lombard plural declension are drawn here, with reference to
4892:
4464:
3899:
3457:
3393:
2906:
2495:
2008:
1525:
1313:
1066:
1059:
2141:
4479:
4391:
4000:
3841:
3556:
3485:
3467:
3450:
3445:
3435:
2719:
2228:
1885:
1468:
1183:
933:
265:
203:
188:
51:
5184:
5088:
3961:
3909:
3688:
3636:
2985:
2976:
2381:
524:
333:
4552:
4143:
4097:
3978:
3951:
3890:
3827:
3773:
3480:
3440:
3145:
3130:
2916:
2824:
2681:
2558:
2361:
1476:
1105:
1098:
1082:
570:
448:
208:
198:
178:
4148:
1528:
is available. Texts include various dictionaries, a few grammars, and a 2020 translation of the
773:(spoken in the provinces of Como, Varese and Lecco, Lugano and its neighbors in Canton Ticino),
5270:
4486:
3904:
3850:
3502:
3271:
3188:
3103:
2911:
2621:
1024:
1020:
213:
5302:
5247:
5053:
5048:
4701:
4679:
4570:
4498:
4321:
3983:
3746:
3334:
3183:
2687:
2530:
2327:
1860:
1249:
1215:
1208:
255:
4966:
3934:
2653:
5252:
5026:
4642:
4615:
4541:
4401:
4200:
4128:
4080:
4074:
4037:
4020:
3178:
3155:
2926:
2786:
2740:
2481:
1922:
1907:
1224:
1121:
937:
918:
456:
280:
57:
5036:
4449:
3517:
3080:
3072:
2593:
2180:
2164:
8:
4737:
4629:
4597:
4591:
4212:
4172:
4138:
3966:
3730:
3125:
3086:
2830:
2476:
2309:
2284:
2025:
1555:
1129:
1046:
745:
are invariable and are proper nouns, words from
Ancient Greek or idiomatic words such as
639:
Most masculine nouns lack inflections, and the plural masculine is always non-inflected (
420:
416:
5000:
4433:
4108:
4042:
3260:
2807:
2585:
1932:
5242:
4971:
4827:
4785:
4751:
4745:
4635:
4578:
4535:
4518:
4256:
4249:
4085:
3873:
3814:
3670:
3658:
3537:
3475:
3112:
2921:
2871:
2468:
2459:
2445:
2263:
2208:
2149:
2055:
1545:
1232:
1015:
800:
440:
404:
5020:
3512:
325:
5199:
5178:
5098:
5058:
4917:
4845:
4839:
4763:
4655:
4565:
4506:
4418:
4376:
4177:
4123:
3929:
3914:
3885:
3868:
3778:
3741:
3710:
3698:
3617:
3605:
3522:
3497:
3491:
3416:
3385:
3265:
3255:
3247:
3173:
3063:
2993:
2962:
2949:
2940:
2885:
2879:
2864:
2710:
2648:
2630:
2536:
2512:
2435:
2408:
2394:
2366:
2317:
2294:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2030:
1770:
1560:
1299:
1269:
1263:
1169:
1091:
1029:
941:
554:
432:
412:
396:
193:
46:
5041:
4010:
3988:
2733:
2694:
2544:
1901:
1874:
355:
5152:
5142:
5127:
5115:
5031:
4980:
4944:
4922:
4909:
4903:
4832:
4821:
4725:
4690:
4674:
4523:
4511:
4444:
4408:
4396:
4364:
4289:
4261:
4234:
4064:
4059:
4047:
4027:
4015:
3956:
3863:
3820:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3715:
3646:
3630:
3527:
3004:
2858:
2800:
2779:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2673:
2522:
2504:
2414:
2348:
2342:
2332:
2245:
2237:
2212:
2200:
2089:
2085:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1937:
1912:
1241:
1010:
1005:
948:
929:
906:
827:
558:
520:
428:
408:
384:
380:
290:
285:
275:
270:
218:
183:
4927:
4877:
5236:
5222:
5103:
5005:
4995:
4939:
4790:
4778:
4718:
4713:
4528:
4457:
4439:
4413:
4386:
4316:
4273:
4185:
4166:
4118:
4005:
3971:
3924:
3919:
3641:
3573:
3545:
3339:
3320:
3290:
3238:
3219:
3135:
3011:
2837:
2726:
2643:
2638:
2598:
2567:
2204:
2045:
1895:
1798:
1405:
1202:
1034:
424:
170:
4239:
5287:
5194:
5189:
5110:
4990:
4952:
4684:
4244:
4190:
4160:
4052:
3736:
3664:
3610:
3326:
3202:
3165:
3150:
2998:
2957:
2793:
2299:
2289:
2255:
2196:
2060:
2050:
1942:
1423:
1041:
891:
476:
4333:
5318:
5229:
5132:
5120:
4852:
4560:
4217:
4155:
3651:
3295:
3224:
3211:
3140:
3018:
2575:
2192:
2176:
1533:
1363:
1135:
1052:
806:
766:
144:
515:
In
Italian-speaking contexts, Western Lombard is often incorrectly called a
472:
5011:
4871:
4311:
4266:
3345:
3120:
3048:
2322:
1811:
851:
504:
1622:
968:
631:). For adjectives, the plural form and masculine form are often the same.
5073:
5066:
4803:
4369:
3353:
2216:
2065:
2040:
1513:
1509:
1461:
1411:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1358:
1344:
is not typically pronounced, and only occurs in a few words from
Italian.
762:
464:
138:
114:
4338:
4381:
4351:
4343:
4299:
4294:
3944:
3703:
2663:
2400:
1453:
1368:
5147:
4985:
4327:
3622:
2440:
318:
306:
4773:
1504:
The most important orthography in
Western Lombard literature is the
843:
4932:
4768:
4584:
4032:
3880:
2770:
1975:
1550:
954:
872:
864:
856:
789:
616:
576:
550:
488:
484:
460:
436:
392:
367:
132:
127:
5137:
4756:
4621:
4359:
3783:
3768:
3300:
2816:
2371:
2356:
1989:
1529:
979:
838:
516:
452:
363:
149:
527:), but it has a number of variations, mainly in relation to the
4958:
4304:
4227:
4207:
3939:
2658:
1767:'L Vangel. Trascrizione in lingua lombarda della storia di Gesù
592:
468:
4222:
4195:
2144:
1584:
528:
475:). After the name of the region involved, land of the former
388:
110:
992:
The following information is based on the
Milanese dialect:
366:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
757:
Western
Lombard can be divided into four main varieties:
718:). The same occurs in the determinate article: singular
101:
Milanes/Milanées, Insubrigh/Insübrich, lumbard ucidental
3415:
1806:
Parlate e dialetti della
Lombardia. Lessico comparato
761:(spoken in the provinces of Sondrio and of Verbania,
4107:
3038:
1607:. Milan: Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri: 466–475.
1754:. Busto Arsizio: Bramante editrice. pp. 31–74.
1583:Western Lombard. Because of immigration (mostly to
1621:
615:or of a schwa between consonants (for example: in
5316:
3071:
1737:Dialettologia Lombarda Lingue e Cultura Popolari
1722:Dialettologia Lombarda Lingue e Cultura Popolari
1704:
1692:Dialettologia Lombarda Lingue e Cultura Popolari
1677:Dialettologia Lombarda Lingue e Cultura Popolari
1662:Dialettologia Lombarda Lingue e Cultura Popolari
1330:occurs only as a nasal sound before velar stops.
1597:Merlo, Clemente (1960). "I dialetti lombardi".
510:
3401:
2984:
2127:
1827:
1602:
496:
3210:
1841:
1616:
1614:
587:Most feminine words end with the inflection
5297:languages with more than 5 million speakers
4880:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
3408:
3394:
2134:
2120:
1834:
1820:
784:Examples of Western Lombard language are:
549:Western Lombard has no official status in
1611:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2467:
1764:
659:(pron. /u/) is added to singular nouns,
479:, this language is often referred to as
340:... 51-AAA-odj 51-AAA-odd ... 51-AAA-odj
2948:
1795:Grammatica dei dialetti della Lombardia
360:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5317:
1749:
1705:Maiden, Martin; Mair Perry, M (1997).
3389:
2115:
1815:
1765:Gianotti, Massimiliano (2020-05-29).
1734:
1719:
1689:
1674:
1659:
1596:
29:
24:
5301:Languages between parentheses are
2310:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1337:are mainly heard as allophones of
749:, a derogatory term for a person.
25:
5341:
5181:(unknown further classification)
1475:
1467:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1428:
1410:
1396:
1387:
1380:
1319:
1312:
1287:
1277:
1248:
1231:
1223:
1214:
1207:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1081:
1072:
1065:
1058:
971:(influence from Emilian-Romagnol)
3041:
2160:Historical linguistic minorities
2143:
1709:. Psychology Press. p. 256.
1532:arranged into an account of the
60:has been specified. Please help
34:
3367:
1787:
1758:
1743:
1728:
1333:The central approximant sounds
5305:of the language on their left.
5175:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1713:
1698:
1683:
1668:
1653:
1640:
1590:
1573:
1506:Classical Milanese orthography
1499:
959:lombardo-prealpino occidentale
878:lombardo-prealpino occidentale
833:lombardo-prealpino occidentale
812:lombardo-prealpino occidentale
771:lombardo-prealpino occidentale
769:and Grigioni in Switzerland),
13:
1:
1739:. Aurora Edizioni. p. 8.
1724:. Aurora Edizioni. p. 8.
1694:. Aurora Edizioni. p. 8.
1679:. Aurora Edizioni. p. 8.
1664:. Aurora Edizioni. p. 8.
1566:
1519:
995:
5330:Endangered Romance languages
1604:L'età napoleonica, 1796–1814
1451:
1373:
987:
752:
634:
503:(literally "of this side of
495:, or, after Clemente Merlo,
7:
5172:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1648:Carta dei dialetti d'Italia
1539:
1495:may also be pronounced as .
582:
553:or anywhere else. The only
511:Western Lombard and Italian
10:
5346:
4874:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
3900:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
3694:Central−Southern Calabrian
2907:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2390:Central-Southern Calabrian
1646:Gian Battista Pellegrini,
1526:Western Lombard literature
924:basso-lombardo occidentale
775:basso-lombardo occidentale
741:Masculine words ending in
666:Masculine words ending in
568:
564:
471:and part of the Canton of
447:, the eastern part of the
391:. It is widespread in the
379:is a group of dialects of
5279:
5263:
5214:
5163:
5087:
4891:
4864:
4813:
4665:
4551:
4497:
4478:
4429:
4096:
3849:
3840:
3801:
3681:
3566:
3555:
3466:
3428:
3313:
3283:
3246:
3237:
3201:
3164:
3111:
3102:
3062:
3058:
3036:
2975:
2939:
2897:
2849:
2720:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
2672:
2629:
2620:
2584:
2566:
2557:
2521:
2503:
2494:
2458:
2426:
2380:
2308:
2272:
2254:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2156:
2078:
2016:
2007:
1951:
1921:
1884:
1858:
1849:
1808:, Mondadori, Milano 2003.
1457:
1443:
1418:
1409:
1395:
1367:
1357:
1348:
1262:
1240:
1201:
1128:
1040:
1002:
346:
332:
316:
304:
299:
248:
167:
157:
120:
106:
99:
94:
27:Group of Lombard dialects
5325:Western Lombard language
4182:North American dialects
3689:Extreme Southern Italian
1843:Western Lombard dialects
947:Ludesan (influence from
914:) (influence from Ladin)
3601:Central−Northern Latian
2280:Central-Northern Latian
1750:Nicoli, Franco (1983).
1491:is pronounced as or .
571:Western Lombard grammar
538:and the development of
449:Province of Alessandria
3905:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2912:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2704:Bustocco and Legnanese
1967:Bustocco and Legnanese
1735:Sanga, Glauco (1984).
1720:Sanga, Glauco (1984).
1690:Sanga, Glauco (1984).
1675:Sanga, Glauco (1984).
1660:Sanga, Glauco (1984).
1603:
1341:when preceding vowels.
801:Bustocco and Legnanese
777:(Pavia and Lodi), and
670:or, less commonly, in
497:
348:This article contains
4392:Poitevin–Saintongeais
3335:Italian Sign Language
3284:Other German dialects
2427:Other Italo-Dalmatian
1650:, Pacini, Pisa, 1977.
427:and its neighbours),
4201:St. Marys Bay French
3725:Neapolitan–Calabrese
2787:Southwestern Lombard
2036:Domenico Balestrieri
919:Southwestern Lombard
790:Milanese or Meneghin
445:Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
281:Southwestern Lombard
62:improve this article
50:to meet Knowledge's
4553:Galician–Portuguese
3579:Central Marchigiano
3087:Vaccarizzo Albanian
2026:Bonvesin de la Riva
1752:Grammatica Milanese
1556:Insubric literature
686:). Those ending in
4967:Catalan Ribagorçan
4814:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
4086:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3996:Bustocco–Legnanese
3791:Northern Calabrian
2922:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2898:Other Gallo-Italic
2150:Languages of Italy
2096:Classical Milanese
2056:Alessandro Manzoni
1601:(in Italian). 13:
1546:Languages of Italy
674:, have plurals in
595:is non-inflected (
261:Bustocco-Legnanese
5312:
5311:
5288:extinct languages
5210:
5209:
4887:
4886:
4846:Navarro-Aragonese
4731:Peruvian Ribereño
4656:Judaeo-Portuguese
4571:Galician–Asturian
4474:
4473:
4465:Old Gallo-Romance
4419:Wisconsin Walloon
3836:
3835:
3809:Dalmatian Romance
3417:Romance languages
3383:
3382:
3362:
3361:
3309:
3308:
3266:Southern Bavarian
3233:
3232:
3197:
3196:
3189:Triestine Serbian
3098:
3097:
3073:Arbëresh language
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
2971:
2970:
2935:
2934:
2688:Brianzöö dialects
2616:
2615:
2553:
2552:
2490:
2489:
2454:
2453:
2109:
2108:
2101:Plural inflection
2074:
2073:
2031:Carlo Maria Maggi
2003:
2002:
1995:
1865:
1707:Dialects of Italy
1561:Romance languages
1508:. It was used by
1484:
1483:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1272:
1172:
1138:
1094:
1055:
932:(influences from
890:, influence from
873:Varesino or Bosin
555:official language
374:
373:
356:rendering support
352:phonetic symbols.
90:
89:
82:
52:quality standards
43:This article may
16:(Redirected from
5337:
4833:Judaeo-Aragonese
4822:Andalusi Romance
4675:Amazonic Spanish
4512:Western Asturian
4495:
4494:
4434:Franco-Provençal
4105:
4104:
4001:Comasco–Lecchese
3859:Emilian–Romagnol
3847:
3846:
3647:Regional Italian
3637:Italo-Australian
3564:
3563:
3486:Megleno-Romanian
3410:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3348:
3329:
3274:
3244:
3243:
3208:
3207:
3109:
3108:
3089:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2982:
2981:
2946:
2945:
2888:
2874:
2867:
2851:Emilian–Romagnol
2840:
2833:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2690:
2627:
2626:
2607:
2586:Franco-Provençal
2564:
2563:
2539:
2501:
2500:
2496:Occitano-Romance
2465:
2464:
2417:
2403:
2382:Extreme Southern
2351:
2246:Regional Italian
2234:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2181:Franco-Provençal
2148:
2147:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2086:Insubric grammar
2014:
2013:
1993:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1793:Andrea Rognoni,
1781:
1780:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1599:Storia di Milano
1594:
1588:
1577:
1512:(1775–1821) and
1494:
1479:
1471:
1464:
1448:
1439:
1432:
1414:
1400:
1391:
1384:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1316:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1268:
1252:
1235:
1227:
1218:
1211:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1124:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1051:
1000:
999:
934:Emilian-Romagnol
828:Comasco-Lecchese
690:have plurals in
545:
541:
537:
533:
502:
455:), a small part
385:Romance language
342:
328:
309:
266:Comasco-Lecchese
173:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5275:
5259:
5237:Pannonian Latin
5223:African Romance
5206:
5159:
5090:
5083:
5021:Judeo-Provençal
4894:
4883:
4860:
4809:
4719:Chilean Chilote
4661:
4547:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4470:
4458:Moselle Romance
4425:
4274:Missouri French
4235:Franco-Ontarian
4110:
4099:
4092:
3832:
3797:
3774:Southern Latian
3677:
3642:Maltese Italian
3574:Central Italian
3558:
3551:
3546:Common Romanian
3462:
3446:Italo-Dalmatian
3424:
3414:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3344:
3325:
3305:
3291:Austrian German
3279:
3270:
3229:
3220:Calabrian Greek
3193:
3160:
3146:Natisone Valley
3131:Inner Carniolan
3094:
3085:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3026:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2967:
2931:
2899:
2893:
2884:
2870:
2863:
2845:
2836:
2829:
2825:Eastern Lombard
2815:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2693:
2686:
2682:Western Lombard
2668:
2612:
2603:
2580:
2549:
2535:
2517:
2486:
2450:
2428:
2422:
2413:
2399:
2376:
2362:Southern Latian
2347:
2328:Castelmezzanese
2304:
2268:
2250:
2219:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2110:
2105:
2070:
2046:Giuseppe Parini
1999:
1947:
1924:
1917:
1887:
1880:
1862:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1799:Oscar Mondadori
1790:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1744:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1714:
1703:
1699:
1688:
1684:
1673:
1669:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1542:
1522:
1502:
1487:A double vowel
1351:
1045:
1023:
1014:
998:
990:
912:lombardo alpino
888:lombardo alpino
759:lombardo alpino
755:
637:
591:; the feminine
585:
573:
567:
557:in Lombardy is
525:Eastern Lombard
513:
467:(the Canton of
419:, a small part
377:Western Lombard
354:Without proper
338:
324:
305:
295:
244:
224:Western Lombard
204:Western Romance
189:Latino-Faliscan
174:
171:Language family
169:
160:
159:Native speakers
95:Western Lombard
86:
75:
69:
66:
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Western Lombard
15:
12:
11:
5:
5343:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5290:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5176:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5095:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4988:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4953:Judaeo-Catalan
4949:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4912:
4899:
4897:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4875:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4708:Latin American
4704:
4699:
4687:
4685:Judaeo-Spanish
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4612:
4607:
4600:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4503:
4501:
4492:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4331:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4180:
4175:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4102:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3855:
3853:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3828:Judaeo-Italian
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3488:
3483:
3481:Istro-Romanian
3478:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3429:Major branches
3426:
3425:
3421:classification
3413:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:Italian Hebrew
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:South Tyrolean
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3166:Serbo-Croatian
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2986:Rhaeto-Romance
2979:
2977:Rhaeto-Romance
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2760:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2082:
2080:
2079:Related topics
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2061:Tommaso Grossi
2058:
2053:
2051:Giuseppe Bossi
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1852:dialect groups
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1757:
1742:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1652:
1639:
1610:
1589:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1534:life of Christ
1521:
1518:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1003:
997:
994:
989:
986:
985:
984:
983:
982:
974:
973:
972:
966:
952:
945:
915:
903:
902:
901:
898:
884:Alpine Lombard
881:
869:
868:
867:
862:
859:
854:
849:
846:
841:
824:
819:
803:
798:
754:
751:
636:
633:
584:
581:
569:Main article:
566:
563:
512:
509:
477:Duchy of Milan
372:
371:
358:, you may see
344:
343:
336:
330:
329:
322:
314:
313:
310:
302:
301:
300:Language codes
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
252:
250:
246:
245:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
228:
227:
226:
177:
175:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
147:
136:
135:
130:
122:
118:
117:
108:
107:Native to
104:
103:
97:
96:
88:
87:
58:cleanup reason
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5342:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5272:
5271:Proto-Romance
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:Reconstructed
5262:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5230:British Latin
5227:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5049:Vivaro-Alpine
5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4853:Old Navarrese
4850:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4702:Equatoguinean
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4483:
4477:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4156:Frainc-Comtou
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Judeo-Italian
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Castelmezzano
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:Swiss Italian
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Transylvanian
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:Daco-Romanian
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:Italo-Western
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3370:
3366:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3212:Italiot Greek
3209:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Slavomolisano
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3039:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Judeo-Italian
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Gallo-Romance
2556:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:Vivaro-Alpine
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Italo-Romance
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1776:9788894518320
1772:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:An extensive
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
993:
981:
978:
977:
975:
970:
967:
964:
963:macromilanese
960:
956:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
920:
916:
913:
909:
908:
904:
899:
896:
895:
893:
889:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
870:
866:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
817:
816:macromilanese
813:
809:
808:
804:
802:
799:
796:
795:macromilanese
792:
791:
787:
786:
785:
782:
780:
779:macromilanese
776:
772:
768:
767:Canton Ticino
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
663:for plurals.
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
580:
579:orthography:
578:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
547:
530:
526:
522:
518:
508:
506:
501:
500:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
345:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
321:
320:
315:
311:
308:
303:
298:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
247:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:Gallo-Romance
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:Italo-Western
197:
196:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
186:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:Indo-European
176:
172:
166:
162:
156:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
84:
81:
73:
70:February 2011
63:
59:
53:
49:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5292:
5283:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5170:
5072:
5065:
5027:Languedocien
5019:
5012:Judeo-Gascon
5010:
4951:
4902:
4872:Barranquenho
4851:
4844:
4820:
4802:
4744:
4706:
4689:
4680:Extremaduran
4654:
4628:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4583:
4540:
4499:Asturleonese
4463:
4456:
4414:West Walloon
4402:Saintongeais
4350:
4326:
4322:Anglo-Norman
4280:
4213:Newfoundland
4173:Jersey Legal
4165:
4073:
4038:Southwestern
4021:Vallassinese
3910:Gallo-Picene
3851:Gallo-Italic
3813:
3729:
3724:
3663:
3629:
3544:
3490:
3369:
3346:Sinte Romani
3156:Torre Valley
3104:South Slavic
3049:Italy portal
2741:Vallassinese
2622:Gallo-Italic
2158:
1990:
1983:
1960:
1923:Southwestern
1908:Vallassinese
1900:
1873:
1859:
1850:Dialects and
1842:
1805:
1794:
1788:Bibliography
1766:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1730:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:
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991:
962:
958:
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917:
911:
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900:Chiavennasco
897:Valtellinese
887:
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861:Valsassinese
852:Vallassinese
832:
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480:
376:
375:
347:
334:Linguasphere
317:
223:
214:Gallo-Italic
137:
100:
76:
67:
44:
5248:Campidanese
5074:Old Catalan
5067:Old Occitan
4804:Old Spanish
4738:Rioplatense
4542:Old Leonese
4370:Cotentinais
4334:Guernésiais
4257:Frenchville
4250:New England
4129:Bourbonnais
4081:Piedmontese
4075:Old Lombard
3967:Bergamasque
3891:Sammarinese
3354:Wenzhounese
3179:Montenegrin
3126:Gail Valley
2927:Piedmontese
2831:Bergamasque
2477:Campidanese
2318:Beneventano
2285:Marchigiano
2217:Wenzhounese
2066:Delio Tessa
2041:Carlo Porta
1982:Varesinese
1864:(Brianzoeu)
1514:Delio Tessa
1510:Carlo Porta
1500:Orthography
1264:Approximant
938:Piedmontese
763:Sopraceneri
704:el porscell
465:Switzerland
457:of Vercelli
362:instead of
139:Switzerland
115:Switzerland
64:if you can.
5319:Categories
5295:indicates
5253:Logudorese
4786:Philippine
4752:Andalusian
4746:Peninsular
4636:Estremenho
4592:Portuguese
4519:Cantabrian
4352:Law French
4344:Sercquiais
4178:Meridional
4139:Champenois
4134:Burgundian
3945:Tabarchino
3935:Monégasque
3874:Parmigiano
3731:Neapolitan
3704:Manduriano
3671:Florentine
3538:Wallachian
3508:Bukovinian
2872:Parmigiano
2664:Tabarchino
2654:Monégasque
2482:Logudorese
2401:Manduriano
2264:Florentine
2009:Literature
1961:(Meneghin)
1769:. L'Onda.
1633:2022-03-08
1628:Ethnologue
1581:understand
1567:References
1520:Literature
996:Consonants
641:el tramvaj
605:la cadrega
505:Adda River
499:Cisabduano
473:Graubünden
439:provinces
435:, and the
421:of Cremona
395:provinces
387:spoken in
5303:varieties
5286:indicate
5243:Sardinian
5200:Triestine
5148:Sursilvan
5059:Mentonasc
5037:Provençal
4986:Auvergnat
4972:Valencian
4928:Mallorcan
4918:Algherese
4893:Occitano-
4840:Navarrese
4828:Aragonese
4764:Castilian
4667:Castilian
4643:Uruguayan
4616:Brazilian
4579:Minderico
4573:/Eonavian
4536:Mirandese
4450:Valdôtain
4436:/Arpitan
4377:Orléanais
4328:Auregnais
4312:Mayennais
4262:Louisiana
4144:Ardennais
4124:Berrichon
3930:Intemelio
3886:Forlivese
3869:Bolognese
3815:Dalmatian
3779:Tarantino
3742:Benevento
3699:Salentino
3659:Sassarese
3623:Gallurese
3606:Romanesco
3559:Dalmatian
3523:Moldavian
3518:Maramureș
3476:Aromanian
3113:Slovenian
2963:Triestine
2900:languages
2886:Forlivese
2865:Bolognese
2711:Legnanese
2649:Intemelio
2594:Valdôtain
2537:Mentonasc
2513:Algherese
2469:Sardinian
2460:Sardinian
2446:Sassarese
2441:Gallurese
2429:languages
2395:Salentino
2367:Tarantino
2338:Cosentino
2295:Romanesco
2209:Sardinian
1959:Milanese
1804:AA. VV.,
1623:"Lombard"
1406:Close-mid
1136:voiceless
1130:Fricative
1053:voiceless
1047:Affricate
988:Phonology
969:Cremunéez
848:Intelvese
753:Varieties
726:, plural
712:el cavall
708:i porscej
696:el sidell
645:i tramvaj
635:Masculine
609:i cadregh
597:la legora
441:of Novara
319:Glottolog
307:ISO 639-3
5179:Venetian
5153:Vallader
5143:Surmiran
5116:Cadorino
5099:Friulian
5032:Limousin
5001:Béarnese
4963:Western
4945:Northern
4933:Menorcan
4923:Balearic
4914:Eastern
4910:dialects
4769:Castrapo
4726:Peruvian
4697:dialects
4630:European
4598:dialects
4585:Portugis
4566:Galician
4507:Asturian
4445:Savoyard
4397:Poitevin
4365:Cauchois
4339:Jèrriais
4186:Canadian
4065:Varesino
4060:Ticinese
4048:Novarese
4043:Cremunés
4033:Ossolano
4028:Milanese
4016:Lecchese
3984:Brianzöö
3915:Ligurian
3881:Romagnol
3762:Arianese
3757:Irpinian
3752:Cilentan
3716:Pantesco
3711:Sicilian
3682:Southern
3618:Corsican
3594:Macerata
3589:Fabriano
3528:Oltenian
3498:dialects
3458:Southern
3256:Cimbrian
3248:Bavarian
3174:Croatian
3081:Arbëresh
3064:Albanian
3005:Cadorino
2994:Friulian
2950:Venetian
2941:Venetian
2880:Romagnol
2808:Cremunés
2801:Novarese
2780:Varesino
2771:Ossolano
2764:Ticinese
2757:Milanese
2748:Lecchese
2631:Ligurian
2436:Corsican
2415:Pantesco
2409:Sicilian
2349:Arianese
2343:Irpinian
2333:Cilentan
2290:Marinese
2189:Germanic
2185:Friulian
2173:Croatian
2165:Albanian
2090:Milanese
1976:Ossolano
1972:Ticinese
1938:Novarese
1933:Cremunés
1913:Lecchese
1888:Lecchese
1886:Comasco-
1861:Brianzöö
1551:Milanese
1540:See also
1424:Open-mid
1025:alveolar
1016:Alveolar
955:Nuaresat
942:Ligurian
907:Ticinese
865:Ossolano
857:Lecchese
807:Brianzöö
710: ;
702: ;
623:, plur.
617:Milanese
603: ;
583:Feminine
577:Milanese
551:Lombardy
493:Milanese
489:Insubres
485:Insubria
481:Insubric
461:Valsesia
437:Piedmont
423:(except
397:of Milan
368:Help:IPA
326:west2343
291:Varesino
286:Ticinese
276:Novarese
271:Milanese
256:Brianzöö
249:Dialects
133:Piedmont
128:Lombardy
45:require
5284:Italics
5185:Chipilo
5128:Romansh
5091:Romance
5089:Rhaeto-
5054:Gardiol
5006:Landese
4996:Aranese
4981:Occitan
4940:Central
4904:Catalan
4895:Romance
4796:Creoles
4791:Saharan
4779:Murcian
4757:Llanito
4714:Chilean
4691:Spanish
4648:Creoles
4622:Mineiro
4604:African
4529:Riberan
4524:Leonese
4489:Iberian
4482:Romance
4409:Walloon
4382:Paydret
4360:Augeron
4300:Vosgien
4295:Gaumais
4290:Lorrain
4282:Creoles
4245:Muskrat
4191:Acadian
4119:Angevin
4109:Langues
4100:Romance
4006:Comasco
3979:Western
3972:Cremish
3962:Eastern
3957:Lombard
3925:Genoese
3920:Brigasc
3864:Emilian
3842:Western
3821:Istriot
3784:Vastese
3769:Molisan
3631:Italian
3567:Central
3513:Crișana
3468:Eastern
3451:Western
3436:Eastern
3301:Yiddish
3261:Mòcheno
3136:Istrian
2859:Emilian
2838:Cremish
2817:Spasell
2727:Comasco
2674:Lombard
2644:Genoese
2639:Brigasc
2605:Cellese
2523:Occitan
2505:Catalan
2372:Vastese
2357:Molisan
2273:Central
2238:Italian
2213:Slovene
2201:Occitan
2169:Catalan
2018:Writers
1994:(slang)
1991:Spasell
1984:(Bosin)
1925:Lombard
1896:Comasco
1801:, 2005.
1530:Gospels
1364:Central
1301:central
1270:lateral
1030:Palatal
980:Spasell
976:Slangs
949:Emilian
839:Comasco
822:Monzese
716:i cavaj
700:i sidej
684:fiolitt
649:el lett
629:scender
621:scendra
601:i legor
565:Grammar
559:Italian
521:Italian
517:dialect
463:), and
453:Tortona
417:Sondrio
393:Lombard
381:Lombard
364:Unicode
219:Lombard
194:Romance
163:unknown
150:Grisons
47:cleanup
5215:Others
5195:Talian
5190:Fiuman
5164:Others
5104:Fornes
5042:Niçard
4991:Gascon
4959:Patuet
4865:Others
4774:Castúo
4480:Ibero-
4440:Faetar
4387:Picard
4317:Norman
4305:Welche
4228:Magoua
4218:Quebec
4208:Brayon
4167:French
4149:Rémois
4098:Gallo-
4053:Pavese
4011:Laghée
3989:Canzés
3940:Royasc
3802:Others
3737:Barese
3665:Tuscan
3611:Sabino
3584:Ancona
3557:Italo-
3340:Romani
3321:Hebrew
3314:Others
3296:Walser
3239:German
3151:Resian
3012:Fornes
2958:Fiuman
2794:Pavese
2734:Laghée
2695:Canzés
2659:Royasc
2599:Faetar
2576:Aostan
2568:French
2545:Niçard
2323:Barese
2300:Sabino
2256:Tuscan
2205:Romani
2177:French
1952:Others
1943:Pavese
1902:Laghée
1875:Canzés
1773:
1349:Vowels
1242:Rhotic
1170:voiced
1092:voiced
1011:Dental
1006:Labial
940:, and
844:Laghée
680:fiolin
653:i lett
625:scendr
619:sing.
593:plural
529:vowels
469:Ticino
405:Varese
184:Italic
145:Ticino
124:Italy
121:Region
5138:Putèr
5133:Jauer
5121:Nones
5111:Ladin
4610:Asian
4267:Houma
4240:Métis
4223:Joual
4196:Chiac
4161:Gallo
4111:d'oïl
3503:Banat
3225:Griko
3203:Greek
3141:Karst
3019:Nones
2999:Ladin
2197:Ladin
2193:Greek
1585:Milan
1376:Close
1359:Front
1203:Nasal
1035:Velar
1021:Post-
930:Paves
892:Ladin
747:pirla
734:>
730:>
722:>
627:>
542:into
491:) or
483:(see
433:Pavia
425:Crema
413:Lecco
401:Monza
389:Italy
111:Italy
5293:Bold
4878:Caló
4561:Fala
4487:West
3121:Brda
1771:ISBN
1454:Open
1369:Back
1339:/iu/
1335:/jw/
1042:Stop
728:elli
676:-itt
672:-ett
540:/ts/
507:").
487:and
431:and
429:Lodi
409:Como
383:, a
1493:/a/
1462:a ã
1412:e ẽ
1398:u ũ
1389:y ỹ
1382:i ĩ
1113:d͡ʒ
1074:t͡ʃ
765:of
720:ell
694:, (
688:-ll
668:-in
544:/s/
536:/ɔ/
532:/o/
519:of
350:IPA
56:No
5321::
2215:,
2211:,
2207:,
2203:,
2199:,
2195:,
2191:,
2187:,
2183:,
2179:,
2175:,
2171:,
2167:,
2163::
1797:,
1626:.
1613:^
1536:.
1489:aa
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1236:)
961:-
936:,
926:)
894:)
835:)
814:-
743:-a
738:.
732:ej
724:el
714:/
692:-j
661:-i
657:-o
647:;
613:-i
607:/
599:/
589:-a
561:.
546:.
534:,
443:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
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1469:ɑ
1446:ɔ
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1430:ɛ
1321:w
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1279:l
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1233:ŋ
1230:(
1225:ɲ
1216:n
1209:m
1191:ʒ
1184:z
1177:v
1157:ʃ
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1143:f
1122:ɡ
1106:d
1099:b
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