1573:
1793:
1813:
1041:
1731:
952:
1561:
243:
2084:
214:
225:
71:
1833:
1823:
3587:
2070:
1743:
33:
3599:
2795:
1279:
operates a short-haul narrow gauge freight system, that carries inter-modal and bulk mining goods. TasRail is government-owned (by the State of
Tasmania) and is going through significant below and above rail upgrades with new locomotives and wagons entering service. Significant bridge and sleeper
263:
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and
Adelaide have extensive suburban rail networks which have grown and expanded over time. Australian suburban rail typically operates with bidirectional all-day services with Sydney, Melbourne, and to a lesser extent Perth and Brisbane's systems operating with
2053:
The environmental impact of transport in
Australia is considerable. In 2009, transport emissions made up 15.3% of Australia's total greenhouse gas emissions. Between 1990 and 2009, transport emissions grew by 34.6%, the second-highest growth rate in emissions after stationary energy.
1083:. Rail transport started in the various colonies on different dates. Privately owned railways started the first lines, and struggled to succeed on a remote, huge, and sparsely populated continent, and government railways dominated. Although the various colonies had been advised by
1757:
is permitted under a permit scheme, with either Single Voyage Permit (SVP) or a
Continuous Voyage Permit (CVP) being issued to ships. Between 1996 and 2002 the number of permits issued has increased by about 350 per cent.
1551:
was created largely to overcome this variability, but the steamers were unable to compete with rail, and later, road transport. Traffic on inland waterways is now largely restricted to private recreational craft.
3023:
2057:
The
Australian Energy Regulator and state agencies such as the New South Wales Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal set and regulate electricity prices, thereby lowering production and consumer cost.
3003:
1923:
to Sydney. Airport transfer provides a seamless and efficient transportation solution for travelers. A non-stop flight between
Australia and Europe was first completed in March 2018 from Perth to London.
289:
have historically operated in many
Australian towns and cities, with the majority of these being shut down before the 1970s in the belief that more widespread car ownership would render them unnecessary.
2968:
139:
in the world. It has three to four times more road per capita than Europe and seven to nine times more than Asia. Australia also has the third-highest per capita rate of fuel consumption in the world.
2998:
2404:
1572:
3013:
3562:
110:
There are three different categories of
Australian roads. They are federal highways, state highways and local roads. The road network comprises a total of 913,000 km broken down into:
3567:
1872:
in 1957. The duopoly continued for the next four decades. In the mid-1990s TAA was merged with Qantas and later privatised. Ansett collapsed in
September 2001. In the following years,
2973:
2832:(June 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 6, pp 406–414 online. Covers 1788 to 1920, regarding ships, bullock drays, concord coaches, camels, railways, buggies, horse bucks, trams, and automobiles.
2978:
440:
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth's commuter systems are all partially underground and reflect some aspects of typical rapid transit systems, particularly in the city centres.
4750:
4213:
3018:
2948:
2943:
1792:
2773:
1765:
has greatly declined, from 75 ships in 1996 to less than 40 in 2007, by 2009 the number is now approaching 30. Marine unions blame the decline on the shipping policy of the
2297:
4780:
127:
The majority of road tunnels in
Australia have been constructed since the 1990s to relieve traffic congestion in metropolitan areas, or to cross significant watercourses.
52:
with paved runways. Passenger rail transport includes widespread commuter networks in the major capital cities with more limited intercity and interstate networks. The
2938:
143:
is the most car-dependent city in Australia, according to a data survey in the 2010s, having over 110,000 more cars driving to and from the city each day than
4230:
2408:
3557:
1868:
was formally established in 1952 to ensure the viability of both airlines. However, ANA's leadership was quickly eroded by TAA, and it was acquired by
3572:
3369:
1927:
There are many airports around Australia paved or unpaved. A 2004 estimate put the number of airports at 448. The busiest airports in Australia are:
2754:
2736:
2271:
3547:
612:
2245:
4639:
4111:
3379:
3359:
2855:
1547:. However, the water levels of the inland waterways are highly unreliable, making the rivers impassable for large parts of the year. A system of
1228:
There are various state and city rail services operated by a combination of government and private entities, the most prominent of these include
88:
in considerable parts of the country. Australia's road network experiences excessive demand during peak periods and very weak demand overnight.
3061:
2048:
4116:
4381:
2558:
17:
3176:
2430:
95:
has not been sufficiently developed for a lot of the freight and passenger requirements in most areas of Australia. This has meant that
3637:
3364:
2338:
4790:
3884:
2898:
1807:
1784:. The registration of the ships overseas also meant the earnings of the ships are not subject to Australian corporate taxation laws.
448:
The following table presents an overview of multi-modal intra-city public transport networks in Australia's larger cities. The only
4755:
3552:
3537:
3532:
1907:. In 1954, the first flight from Australia to North America was completed, as a 60-passenger Qantas aircraft connected Sydney with
136:
4611:
2138:
1772:
There have also been cases where locally operated ships have an Australian flag from the vessel, registering it overseas under a
1753:
In 2006, the Australian fleet consisted of 53 ships of 1,000 gross tonnage or over. The use of foreign registered ships to carry
4158:
3968:
3776:
3690:
1776:, then hiring foreign crews who earn up to about half the monthly rate of Australian sailors. Such moves were supported by the
1062:
294:
is a major exception and today has the largest tram network of any city in the world. Adelaide retained one tram service — the
172:
2323:
4054:
3894:
3603:
2867:
2174:
2456:
4170:
3710:
3705:
3700:
4557:
4501:
4396:
3902:
3736:
3650:
2989:
2959:
2915:
1908:
801:
683:
355:
4564:
3695:
3675:
3524:
3509:
3277:
3054:
1781:
1344:
1076:
1067:
The railway network is large, comprising a total of 33,819 km (2,540 km electrified) of track: 3,719 km
673:
2498:
460:, which has sections of derelict railway. The table does not include tourist or heritage transport modes (such as the
4795:
4654:
4106:
4007:
3907:
3827:
3761:
3089:
2202:
1920:
1117:
159:
are rated as being close behind. All these capital cities are rated among the highest in this category in the world (
1903:. In 1948, the first commercial flight from Australia to Africa was flown by Qantas, launching what is known as the
3834:
3771:
3756:
3197:
2816:
430:
2847:
4826:
4275:
4074:
4064:
4000:
3741:
3715:
3232:
1912:
1203:
1109:
791:
374:
4805:
4361:
4260:
3980:
3958:
3864:
3670:
3630:
3432:
3333:
1413:
1348:
1179:
1141:
920:
875:
469:
2378:
568:
4765:
4745:
4717:
4674:
4511:
4428:
4304:
4153:
4146:
4017:
3963:
3766:
3746:
3591:
3427:
3323:
3104:
3094:
3047:
3008:
2891:
2159:
Lyon, Brendan (2018). "Using Road Pricing as a Viable Option to Meet Australia's Future Road Funding Needs".
2097:
1281:
1163:
1127:
746:
378:
202:
49:
189:. The monetary incentives include electric vehicle subsidies, interest-free loans, registration exemptions,
4684:
4496:
4290:
4027:
3990:
3869:
3859:
3731:
3161:
2933:
2923:
2799:
1985:
1979:
1680:
1647:
1451:
1300:. These railways carry no other traffic and are isolated by deserts from all other railways. The lines are
1265:
1218:
965:
607:
586:
527:
4785:
4740:
4604:
4265:
4223:
4218:
4165:
3912:
3879:
3807:
3468:
3437:
3412:
3227:
3151:
3028:
2758:
2740:
1853:
1434:
1210:
from Alice Springs to Darwin was completed in 2004, all mainland Australian capital cities are linked by
1187:
1171:
1113:
1058:
92:
65:
2771:
4760:
4331:
4235:
4089:
4044:
3948:
3514:
3483:
3463:
3417:
3292:
3247:
3222:
3212:
3166:
3146:
3109:
1659:
1631:
1603:
870:
786:
642:
637:
453:
386:
299:
163:). The distance travelled by car (or similar vehicle) in Australia is among the highest in the world.
74:
2852:
2644:"Indian Ocean Route - Qantas to Fly Direct Australia|South Africa Services: Cocos Base Re-constructed"
969:
4451:
4408:
4356:
4255:
4101:
4069:
3985:
3975:
3943:
3623:
3542:
3488:
3389:
3297:
832:
751:
461:
449:
422:
418:
382:
351:
2722:
2569:
4664:
4366:
4351:
4198:
4034:
3995:
3822:
3442:
3422:
3374:
3281:
3192:
2884:
1861:
1720:
1199:
1191:
1175:
578:
178:
2595:
2528:
80:
Road transport is an essential element of the Australian transport network, and an enabler of the
4516:
4391:
4371:
4346:
4326:
4079:
4049:
3874:
3751:
3680:
3447:
3272:
2928:
1544:
1540:
1439:
1418:
1309:
690:
124:
has the largest network, with thousands of arterial (major, primary and secondary) roads to add.
4597:
4423:
4401:
4376:
4341:
4321:
4123:
4094:
4084:
4059:
4022:
3953:
3790:
3685:
3302:
3207:
3114:
1548:
1313:
1241:
1237:
1146:
1131:
1068:
818:
678:
668:
626:
573:
426:
398:
269:
198:
2434:
4649:
4486:
4418:
4316:
4270:
4133:
4039:
3926:
3812:
3264:
3156:
2643:
1812:
1801:
1615:
1491:, alternatively called the Sugarloaf Pipeline) - was connected to Melbourne in February 2010.
1195:
1183:
766:
465:
370:
186:
160:
4800:
4699:
4620:
4550:
4521:
4443:
4280:
4250:
4186:
4141:
3854:
3849:
3817:
3802:
3658:
3478:
3407:
3384:
3318:
3237:
3202:
3070:
2687:
1900:
1730:
1708:
1532:
1488:
1478:
893:
813:
547:
394:
359:
81:
2566:
Letter from the Australian Institute of Marine and Power Engineers to the Federal Minister
1518:- Grampians Pipeline) - construction commenced December 2008, expected completion in 2010.
1040:
951:
8:
4775:
4694:
4471:
4413:
4245:
4208:
3938:
3493:
3473:
3399:
3217:
3171:
3099:
1865:
1773:
1703:
1317:
1233:
711:
347:
343:
205:
governments target between 50% and 53% of new car sales to be electric vehicles by 2030.
121:
53:
4689:
4679:
4669:
4659:
4573:
4531:
4506:
4491:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4433:
4336:
4240:
3844:
3839:
3328:
2180:
1991:
1961:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1635:
1623:
1515:
1383:
779:
771:
756:
498:
363:
335:
303:
291:
281:
268:
operates the busiest system in the country with approximately 1 million trips per day.
85:
36:
A map of major roads in Australia. Roads are the main method of transport in Australia.
2272:"NSW unveils $ 490 million support package for electric vehicles, but there's a catch"
4770:
4722:
4644:
4461:
4203:
3130:
2707:
2326:
2170:
1937:
1816:
1777:
1766:
1735:
1627:
1560:
1297:
849:
796:
732:
552:
537:
492:
434:
323:
311:
295:
247:
2246:"Victoria to offer $ 3,000 subsidy for electric vehicles, sets 50pct target by 2030"
84:. There is a heavy reliance on road transport due to Australia's large area and low
4578:
4012:
3084:
2089:
2075:
1973:
1955:
1943:
1873:
1501:
Pipeline - construction commenced in November 2006 and was completed in April 2010.
1304:
and are built to the heaviest US standards. Each line is operated by one of either
339:
327:
182:
96:
2864:
2231:
1856:
was the predominant domestic carrier from the mid-1930s to the early 1950s. After
185:
targets and monetary incentives to support the adoption and deployment of low- or
3254:
2871:
2859:
2772:
Australian Government Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (2010).
2685:
2460:
1611:
1293:
1261:
1257:
1249:
915:
880:
319:
307:
232:
1284:
as a tourist venture over an isolated length of track on Tasmania's West Coast.
197:
exemption and discounted parking for both private and commercial purchases. The
4456:
3342:
3337:
3287:
2342:
2102:
1967:
1931:
1892:
1869:
1843:
1826:
1576:
Total employment in the water transport sector (thousands of people) since 1984
1565:
1528:
1484:
1301:
1211:
1104:
1099:
1072:
1046:
1015:
1005:
898:
856:
842:
721:
716:
532:
315:
228:
194:
56:
is reliant upon rail to transport its product to Australia's ports for export.
45:
2621:
2184:
213:
4820:
2160:
1949:
1904:
1876:
became a challenger to Qantas. Both companies launched low-cost subsidiaries
1253:
1245:
1167:
979:
932:
888:
808:
542:
515:
502:
410:
265:
224:
70:
1832:
242:
2502:
2107:
2083:
1915:, having fuel stops at Fiji, Canton Island and Hawaii. In November 1982, a
1857:
1685:
1664:
1619:
1443:
1430:
1422:
1136:
1024:
925:
903:
414:
251:
99:
that would otherwise be transported by rail are moved across Australia via
2804:
2198:
1860:, Qantas was nationalised and its domestic operations were transferred to
1822:
4526:
4386:
2876:
1839:
1746:
1639:
1457:
1392:
417:
network currently consists of one 36 km driverless line, connecting
373:
opened in Sydney in 1997 with the conversion of a disused section of the
331:
2661:
1535:
to transport produce, especially wool and wheat, to river ports such as
4589:
3039:
1762:
1643:
1498:
1409:
1358:
1340:
1331:, but this was later cancelled after a collapse in the iron ore price.
1280:
renewal have also occurred. The Tasmanian Government also operates the
1088:
1080:
910:
837:
507:
190:
100:
3646:
3615:
2481:
2166:
1669:
1607:
1504:
1374:
1328:
1155:
741:
647:
218:
140:
2842:
2382:
2130:
1754:
1742:
1595:
1591:
1465:
1447:
1207:
1159:
1151:
1122:
1033:
761:
602:
563:
522:
236:
156:
152:
264:
much higher frequencies, particularly in their underground cores.
2302:
1877:
1674:
1508:
1494:
1461:
1426:
1324:
1276:
1269:
999:
593:
1916:
1849:
1836:
1713:
1698:
1599:
1536:
1229:
1084:
989:
865:
706:
695:
617:
457:
390:
144:
114:
paved: 353,331 km (including 3,132 km of expressways)
1887:
Overseas flights from Australia to the United Kingdom via the
272:
operates a larger system albeit with a lower number of trips.
2496:
2365:
1405:
1051:
827:
286:
148:
2162:
Road Pricing and Provision: Changed Traffic Conditions Ahead
1323:
A common carrier railway was proposed to serve the port of
1761:
Over recent years the number of Australian registered and
32:
2810:
1305:
487:
433:
to form a 66 km network with 31 metro stations. The
104:
1769:
which permitted foreign ships to carry coastal traffic.
2324:
Light rail in Newcastle opening from Monday 18 February
1272:
operating train and bus services in Western Australia.
443:
91:
Another reason for the reliance upon roads is that the
1919:
747SP flew the first non-stop commercial flight from
1223:
2623:
Qantas celebrates 60 years of flying to South Africa
2529:"Maritime unions slam use of 'cheap' foreign labour"
2339:
Start date revealed for Canberra’s light rail system
2065:
2038:
Under 914 m (2,999 ft): 14 (2004 estimate)
2019:
Under 914 m (2,999 ft): 13 (2004 estimate)
1514:
Rocklands Reservoir to Grampian Headworks Pipeline (
1511:
Pipeline - construction was completed in March 2012.
2013:
1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 7,995 ft): 131
1343:, 19 sugar mills are serviced by ~3,000 km of
2828:Unstead, R. J. "From Bullock Dray to Tin Lizzie."
2032:1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 7,995 ft): 17
2010:2,438 to 3,047 m (7,999 to 9,997 ft): 12
322:, and a number of major regional cities including
2679:
2035:914 to 1,523 m (2,999 to 4,997 ft): 112
2016:914 to 1,523 m (2,999 to 4,997 ft): 139
4818:
2650:. IPC Transport Press Limited. 1952. p. 78.
2023:
208:
1091:, the colonies ended up with different gauges.
955:Map of passenger railway services in Australia
2049:Environmental impact of transport in Australia
1998:
1796:Total monthly arrivals to Australia since 1976
1369:There are several pipeline systems including:
135:Australia has the thirteenth-highest level of
4605:
3631:
3055:
2892:
2596:"Shipping out, and definitely not shaping up"
2526:
2028:There are 143 airports with unpaved runways:
181:in Australia is driven mostly by state-based
2556:
1296:carry iron ore to ports in the northwest of
1094:
409:Sydney is the only city in Australia with a
2774:Australian national greenhouse gas accounts
2135:International Transport Statistics Database
2125:
2123:
2003:There are 305 airports with paved runways:
1755:Australian cargoes between Australian ports
946:
103:. Almost every household owns at least one
4612:
4598:
3638:
3624:
3062:
3048:
2906:
2899:
2885:
2636:
2593:
2298:"Australia on verge of electric cars boom"
1976:Canberra, Australian Capital Territory CBR
1725:
437:is also currently in the planning stages.
389:in April 2020. A light rail system opened
2614:
2552:
2550:
2269:
2243:
1808:List of the busiest airports in Australia
4619:
3069:
2522:
2520:
2120:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1791:
1741:
1729:
1571:
1559:
1039:
950:
241:
223:
212:
117:unpaved: 559,669 km (1996 estimate)
69:
31:
2139:International Road Assessment Programme
2042:
1780:but opposed by maritime unions and the
1475:Projects under construction or planned:
275:
14:
4819:
3645:
2547:
2295:
2232:Urban Australia: Where most of us live
1063:History of rail transport in Australia
456:, which relies entirely on buses, and
173:Plug-in electric vehicles in Australia
27:Overview of the transport in Australia
4593:
3619:
3043:
2880:
2517:
2007:Over 3,047 m (9,997 ft): 10
1555:
958:State Government owned rail services:
3598:
2158:
444:Intra-city public transport networks
166:
2497:Australian Shipowners Association.
2487:Sun Books, Melbourne, Victoria 1965
2449:
2423:
2397:
2270:Mazengarb, Michael (19 June 2021).
2263:
2237:
1487:to Sugarloaf Reservoir, Melbourne (
44:. Australia is highly dependent on
24:
2822:
2379:"Australia's Great Train Journeys"
2152:
1852:is the flag carrier of Australia.
1782:Australian Council of Trade Unions
1734:A container crane and ship at the
1357:gauge) cane tramways that deliver
1287:
1224:Intra-state and city rail services
674:Public transport on the Gold Coast
25:
4838:
3024:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
2836:
2559:"A new tanker ship for Australia"
2407:. Melbourne Water. Archived from
2203:Australian Automobile Association
431:Sydney Metro City & Southwest
429:will eventually connect with the
59:
3597:
3586:
3585:
2798: This article incorporates
2793:
2662:"Vol. 102 No. 5339 (9 Nov 1982)"
2557:Martin Byrne (22 October 2009).
2234:. CSIRO. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
2082:
2068:
1334:
1248:(regional trains and coaches in
1232:(regional trains and coaches in
452:without multi-modal networks is
404:
258:
2853:Driving time calculator for NSW
2765:
2747:
2729:
2654:
2587:
2527:Paul Robinson (26 March 2002).
2490:
2475:
2457:"Melbourne to Geelong Pipeline"
2371:
2358:
2349:
2332:
2244:Parkinson, Giles (1 May 2021).
1256:(suburban services in Sydney);
4640:Federated States of Micronesia
3334:Australian Securities Exchange
3004:Australian Antarctic Territory
2843:Australia Transport Statistics
2568:. aimpe.asn.au. Archived from
2459:. Barwon Water. Archived from
2317:
2296:Harris, Rob (22 August 2021).
2289:
2225:
2216:
2191:
1456:Waranga Western Channel, near
1414:Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
1268:in South-East Queensland, and
1242:suburban services in Melbourne
470:Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram
13:
1:
2648:Flight: The Aircraft Engineer
2355:includes modern tram networks
2113:
2098:Economic history of Australia
2024:Airports with unpaved runways
1958:Adelaide, South Australia ADL
1531:were used extensively on the
1282:West Coast Wilderness Railway
1260:(QR) operating long-distance
1206:. Since the extension of the
747:Public transport in Melbourne
379:CBD and South East Light Rail
209:Public transport in Australia
3573:Australia–United Kingdom FTA
3177:Australian Capital Territory
2969:Australian Capital Territory
2501:. asa.com.au. Archived from
2405:"Sugarloaf Pipeline Project"
1986:Darwin International Airport
1980:Hobart International Airport
1952:Perth, Western Australia PER
1522:
1364:
1219:High-speed rail in Australia
966:Queensland Rail City network
931:
924:
897:
892:
887:
884:
879:
848:
841:
812:
800:
770:
765:
760:
755:
720:
694:
689:
682:
660:
651:
616:
608:Public transport in Canberra
592:
585:
582:
577:
569:Public transport in Brisbane
551:
546:
541:
536:
528:Public transport in Adelaide
397:in February 2019 and one in
18:Water transport in Australia
7:
3548:Australia–United States FTA
3438:National Electricity Market
2999:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
2594:Liz Porter (14 July 2002).
2061:
1999:Airports with paved runways
1934:Sydney, New South Wales SYD
1854:Australian National Airways
1787:
1692:
1653:
1580:
1059:Rail transport in Australia
66:Road transport in Australia
10:
4843:
3293:Minerals Resource Rent Tax
2787:
2755:"CIA - the World Factbook"
2737:"CIA - the World Factbook"
2433:. GWMWater. Archived from
2046:
1994:Townsville, Queensland TSV
1964:Gold Coast, Queensland OOL
1895:, whereas flights via the
1805:
1799:
1718:
1585:
1216:
1214:rail, for the first time.
1102:operates four trains: the
1056:
871:Public transport in Sydney
643:Public transport in Darwin
393:in 2014. A line opened in
279:
233:Bombardier Flexity Classic
170:
75:Eastern Freeway, Melbourne
63:
4731:
4708:
4627:
4544:
4442:
4312:
4303:
4194:
4185:
4132:
4008:Intelligence and security
3934:
3925:
3893:
3798:
3789:
3724:
3666:
3657:
3581:
3563:Trans-Pacific Partnership
3543:Australia–New Zealand FTA
3523:
3502:
3489:Social class in Australia
3456:
3398:
3352:
3311:
3298:Passenger Movement Charge
3263:
3185:
3139:
3123:
3077:
2987:
2957:
2914:
2870:28 September 2015 at the
2688:"Airport Transport Perth"
2431:"Wimmera Mallee Pipeline"
1095:Inter-state rail services
833:Public transport in Perth
752:Public Transport Victoria
450:Australian capital cities
306:. Trams once operated in
298:, since 2008 extended to
179:plug-in electric vehicles
107:, and uses it most days.
4791:Northern Mariana Islands
3423:Energy efficiency rating
3278:Goods & Services Tax
2817:(Archived 2000 edition.)
2131:"Transport in Australia"
1988:, Northern Territory DRW
1946:Brisbane, Queensland BNE
1862:Trans Australia Airlines
1721:List of Australian ports
1452:Mannum–Adelaide pipeline
947:Intercity rail transport
514:
511:
506:
497:
491:
486:
484:Integrated network name
54:Australian mining sector
40:There are many forms of
4756:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3568:Indonesia–Australia FTA
3014:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2368:and Water taxi services
1940:Melbourne, Victoria MEL
1726:Merchant marine vessels
1527:Between 1850 and 1940,
1435:Morgan–Whyalla pipeline
916:Transport in Wollongong
375:Metropolitan Goods line
130:
93:Australian rail network
4827:Transport in Australia
4402:Indigenous Australians
3903:States and territories
3115:Snowy Mountains Scheme
3090:Banking crisis of 1893
2908:Transport in Australia
2858:10 August 2013 at the
2800:public domain material
1970:Cairns, Queensland CNS
1846:
1829:
1819:
1797:
1750:
1739:
1577:
1569:
1468:- Goldfields Superpipe
1314:Fortescue Metals Group
1238:Metro Trains Melbourne
1054:
1037:
792:Transport in Newcastle
401:opened in April 2019.
270:Metro Trains Melbourne
255:
239:
221:
187:zero-emission vehicles
77:
48:. There are more than
42:transport in Australia
37:
4734:and other territories
4621:Transport in Oceania
3696:Territorial evolution
2865:Road map of Australia
1835:
1825:
1815:
1806:Further information:
1802:Aviation in Australia
1795:
1745:
1733:
1575:
1563:
1043:
954:
385:in December 2019 and
371:Inner West Light Rail
245:
227:
216:
73:
35:
4142:Cabinet of Australia
4117:Government ministers
3885:World Heritage Sites
3691:European exploration
3479:Poverty in Australia
3071:Economy of Australia
2990:External territories
2974:Jervis Bay Territory
2222:CIA world fact book.
2043:Environmental impact
1982:Hobart, Tasmania HBA
1901:Southern Cross Route
1533:Murray-Darling Basin
1489:North South Pipeline
1144:-Adelaide), and the
276:Trams and light rail
4214:Gross state product
3558:Japan–Australia FTA
3553:China–Australia FTA
3538:Australia–Korea FTA
3533:Australia–Chile FTA
3494:Wealth in Australia
3474:Income in Australia
3457:Economic conditions
3353:Regulatory agencies
3312:Banking and Finance
3100:Four pillars policy
2575:on 18 February 2011
2199:"Where are we now?"
1866:Two Airlines Policy
1774:flag of convenience
1318:Hancock Prospecting
1087:to choose a common
712:Transport in Hobart
4532:Australian studies
4467:Australian English
4276:Telecommunications
4112:Government leaders
4055:Political ideology
3380:Corporations power
3329:Official cash rate
3233:Telecommunications
2979:Northern Territory
2806:The World Factbook
2505:on 4 December 2009
1992:Townsville Airport
1962:Gold Coast Airport
1897:Western Hemisphere
1889:Eastern Hemisphere
1882:Tigerair Australia
1847:
1830:
1820:
1798:
1751:
1740:
1578:
1570:
1556:Ports and harbours
1384:Petroleum products
1055:
1038:
613:Transport Canberra
282:Trams in Australia
256:
240:
222:
217:Commuter train in
86:population density
82:Australian economy
78:
38:
4814:
4813:
4806:Wallis and Futuna
4751:Clipperton Island
4709:Associated states
4587:
4586:
4540:
4539:
4362:Human trafficking
4299:
4298:
4181:
4180:
3981:Foreign relations
3921:
3920:
3785:
3784:
3732:Asian Australians
3613:
3612:
3433:Green electricity
3162:Western Australia
3131:Australian dollar
3037:
3036:
3019:Coral Sea Islands
2949:Western Australia
2809:(2024 ed.).
2715:External link in
2692:macseventscharter
2499:"Industry Policy"
2327:Transport for NSW
2176:978-1-76046-231-4
1938:Melbourne Airport
1899:are known as the
1891:are known as the
1817:Melbourne Airport
1778:Howard government
1767:Howard government
1736:Port of Melbourne
1298:Western Australia
1264:services and the
1075:, 14,506 km
1071:, 15,422 km
944:
943:
921:Transport for NSW
876:Transport for NSW
797:Transport for NSW
493:Bus rapid transit
435:Sydney Metro West
391:on the Gold Coast
296:Glenelg tram line
248:Alstom Metropolis
167:Electric vehicles
16:(Redirected from
4834:
4796:Pitcairn Islands
4766:French Polynesia
4746:Christmas Island
4675:Papua New Guinea
4655:Marshall Islands
4628:Sovereign states
4614:
4607:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4429:Waste management
4310:
4309:
4231:Household income
4192:
4191:
4154:Governor-General
3964:Electoral system
3932:
3931:
3796:
3795:
3664:
3663:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3588:
3525:Trade agreements
3428:Geothermal power
3324:Financial system
3105:Great Depression
3095:Economic history
3085:Australian pound
3064:
3057:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3009:Christmas Island
2992:
2962:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2814:
2797:
2796:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2757:. Archived from
2751:
2745:
2744:
2739:. Archived from
2733:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2686:Harison, James.
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2381:. Archived from
2375:
2369:
2364:includes public
2362:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2336:
2330:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2127:
2092:
2090:Transport portal
2087:
2086:
2078:
2076:Australia portal
2073:
2072:
2071:
1974:Canberra Airport
1956:Adelaide Airport
1944:Brisbane Airport
1874:Virgin Australia
1356:
1351:
1079:and 172 km
1031:
1022:
1013:
997:
987:
977:
963:
475:
474:
462:private monorail
193:exemptions, the
183:electric vehicle
177:The adoption of
21:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4733:
4727:
4710:
4704:
4685:Solomon Islands
4623:
4618:
4588:
4583:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4536:
4497:Public holidays
4438:
4382:Life expectancy
4295:
4177:
4128:
3917:
3889:
3875:Protected areas
3781:
3720:
3653:
3644:
3614:
3609:
3577:
3519:
3515:Labour movement
3498:
3484:Property bubble
3464:Government debt
3452:
3394:
3348:
3338:S&P/ASX 200
3307:
3259:
3181:
3167:South Australia
3147:New South Wales
3140:State economies
3135:
3119:
3073:
3068:
3038:
3033:
2988:
2983:
2958:
2953:
2934:South Australia
2924:New South Wales
2910:
2905:
2872:Wayback Machine
2860:Wayback Machine
2839:
2825:
2823:Further reading
2803:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2761:on 7 June 2007.
2753:
2752:
2748:
2743:on 7 June 2007.
2735:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2694:. James Harison
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2602:. theage.com.au
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2535:. theage.com.au
2525:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2491:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2411:on 8 April 2011
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2385:on 1 April 2003
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2337:
2333:
2329:3 February 2019
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2177:
2169:. p. 109.
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2026:
2001:
1810:
1804:
1790:
1728:
1723:
1695:
1688:- possible 2007
1677:- proposed 2006
1656:
1588:
1583:
1558:
1529:paddle steamers
1525:
1477:
1367:
1354:
1349:
1337:
1294:mining railways
1292:Six heavy-duty
1290:
1288:Mining railways
1258:Queensland Rail
1250:New South Wales
1226:
1221:
1097:
1065:
1057:Main articles:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1003:
995:
993:
985:
983:
975:
973:
961:
956:
949:
468:or the tourist
446:
407:
284:
278:
261:
211:
203:New South Wales
175:
169:
133:
68:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4840:
4830:
4829:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4786:Norfolk Island
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4741:American Samoa
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4711:of New Zealand
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:Welfare system
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4266:Superannuation
4263:
4261:Stock exchange
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4224:Public housing
4219:Home ownership
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4166:Prime Minister
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4124:Shadow Cabinet
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4104:
4102:Public Service
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3983:
3978:
3976:Federal budget
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Climate change
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Constitutional
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:Home ownership
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Carbon pricing
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3343:All Ordinaries
3340:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Luxury Car Tax
3285:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:Superannuation
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3029:Norfolk Island
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2837:External links
2835:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2746:
2728:
2678:
2653:
2635:
2613:
2586:
2546:
2516:
2489:
2474:
2463:on 9 July 2012
2448:
2422:
2396:
2370:
2357:
2348:
2343:Canberra Times
2331:
2316:
2288:
2262:
2236:
2224:
2215:
2190:
2185:j.ctv5cg9mn.15
2175:
2151:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:Inland Railway
2100:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2063:
2060:
2047:Main article:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1968:Cairns Airport
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1932:Sydney Airport
1893:Kangaroo Route
1884:respectively.
1870:Ansett Airways
1844:Sydney Airport
1842:taking off at
1827:Sydney Airport
1800:Main article:
1789:
1786:
1727:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1557:
1554:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1485:Goulburn River
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1454:
1437:
1416:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1366:
1363:
1361:to the mills.
1336:
1333:
1327:just north of
1302:standard gauge
1289:
1286:
1225:
1222:
1212:standard gauge
1170:services link
1164:NSW Government
1147:Great Southern
1105:Indian Pacific
1100:Journey Beyond
1096:
1093:
1073:standard gauge
1047:Indian Pacific
1028:
1019:
1016:Indian Pacific
1010:
1006:Journey Beyond
994:
984:
974:
960:
948:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
935:
930:
928:
923:
918:
913:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
861:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
823:
821:
816:
811:
806:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
782:
777:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
737:
735:
730:
728:
726:
724:
719:
717:Metro Tasmania
714:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
693:
688:
686:
681:
676:
671:
665:
664:
662:
659:
657:
655:
653:
650:
645:
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
624:
622:
620:
615:
610:
605:
599:
598:
596:
591:
589:
584:
581:
576:
571:
566:
560:
559:
557:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
533:Adelaide Metro
530:
525:
519:
518:
513:
510:
505:
496:
490:
485:
482:
479:
445:
442:
406:
403:
280:Main article:
277:
274:
260:
257:
229:Alstom Citadis
210:
207:
195:luxury car tax
171:Main article:
168:
165:
161:car dependency
132:
129:
119:
118:
115:
64:Main article:
61:
60:Road transport
58:
46:road transport
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4839:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:New Caledonia
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Easter Island
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Ethnic groups
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:Manufacturing
4234:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Republicanism
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:National debt
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Energy policy
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Corporate law
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Manufacturing
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Privatisation
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2830:History Today
2827:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2724:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2437:on 6 May 2012
2436:
2432:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2352:
2346:19 March 2019
2345:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2219:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:Perth Airport
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:San Francisco
1906:
1905:Wallaby Route
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:in 1946. The
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:flagged ships
1759:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:5,600 km
1396:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1379:2,500 km
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1335:Cane railways
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1275:In Tasmania,
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:Sydney Trains
1251:
1247:
1246:NSW TrainLink
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:NSW TrainLink
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1128:Alice Springs
1125:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1001:
991:
981:
980:NSW TrainLink
971:
967:
959:
953:
940:
938:
936:
934:
929:
927:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
900:
895:
890:
882:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
851:
846:
844:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
810:
807:
805:
803:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
701:
699:
697:
692:
687:
685:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
663:
658:
656:
654:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
630:
628:
625:
623:
621:
619:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
595:
590:
588:
580:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
558:
556:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:Rapid transit
509:
504:
503:Commuter rail
500:
494:
489:
483:
480:
477:
476:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
441:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:rapid transit
405:Rapid transit
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
283:
273:
271:
267:
266:Sydney Trains
259:Suburban rail
253:
250:train on the
249:
246:A driverless
244:
238:
234:
230:
226:
220:
215:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
174:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:car ownership
128:
125:
123:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
76:
72:
67:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
4732:Dependencies
4718:Cook Islands
4634:
4565:Bibliography
4452:Architecture
4409:Prostitution
4392:Demographics
4357:Homelessness
4285:
4256:Reserve Bank
4070:Conservatism
4018:Constitution
3986:Human rights
3944:Constitution
3895:Subdivisions
3676:Bibliography
3602:
3590:
3390:Reserve Bank
3242:
2907:
2848:Railway maps
2829:
2805:
2767:
2759:the original
2749:
2741:the original
2731:
2698:19 September
2696:. Retrieved
2691:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2627:, retrieved
2622:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2565:
2537:. Retrieved
2532:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2492:
2484:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:the original
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2373:
2360:
2351:
2341:
2334:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2301:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:
2239:
2227:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2193:
2161:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2134:
2108:Lonie Report
2056:
2052:
2027:
2002:
1926:
1886:
1858:World War II
1848:
1771:
1760:
1752:
1686:Port Lincoln
1665:Port Hedland
1620:Port Lincoln
1566:Sydney ferry
1526:
1474:
1473:
1444:Murray River
1431:Port Lincoln
1423:Murray River
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1345:narrow gauge
1338:
1322:
1291:
1274:
1266:City network
1227:
1145:
1137:The Overland
1135:
1121:
1103:
1098:
1077:narrow gauge
1066:
1045:
1025:The Overland
1004:
957:
447:
439:
415:Sydney Metro
413:system. The
408:
368:
285:
262:
252:Sydney Metro
176:
134:
126:
120:
109:
90:
79:
50:300 airports
41:
39:
29:
4665:New Zealand
4527:Anglosphere
4367:Immigration
4332:Citizenship
4199:Agriculture
4085:Nationalism
4028:Enforcement
4001:Transgender
3835:Earthquakes
3823:Environment
3757:Immigration
3686:Archaeology
3443:Solar power
3223:Real estate
3193:Agriculture
2960:Territories
2671:10 November
2144:17 February
1921:Los Angeles
1840:Airbus A380
1747:Port Botany
1458:Colbinabbin
1393:Natural gas
1388:500 km
1355:610 mm
1262:Traveltrain
1188:Broken Hill
1069:broad gauge
970:Traveltrain
512:Watercraft
360:Rockhampton
332:Broken Hill
101:road trains
4517:Television
4487:Literature
4372:Irreligion
4352:Healthcare
4347:Euthanasia
4327:Censorship
4134:Government
4080:Liberalism
4050:Parliament
3762:Indigenous
3752:Federation
3742:Diplomatic
3716:Since 1945
3681:Prehistory
3448:Wind power
3303:Tax return
3273:Fuel taxes
3198:Automotive
3186:Industries
3157:Queensland
2929:Queensland
2718:|ref=
2606:8 November
2579:8 November
2539:8 November
2509:8 November
2485:Riverboats
2276:The Driven
2250:The Driven
2208:3 February
2114:References
1719:See also:
1709:Launceston
1648:Wollongong
1644:Townsville
1410:Kalgoorlie
1359:sugar cane
1341:Queensland
1217:See also:
1126:(Adelaide-
1081:dual gauge
911:Wollongong
838:Transperth
669:Gold Coast
508:Light rail
499:Urban rail
381:opened to
348:Launceston
344:Kalgoorlie
191:stamp duty
4635:Australia
4424:Squatting
4377:Languages
4342:Education
4322:Aged care
4286:Transport
4095:Socialism
4075:Far-right
4065:Christian
4060:Anarchism
4023:Judiciary
3959:Donations
3954:Elections
3865:Mountains
3813:Continent
3791:Geography
3711:1901–1945
3706:1851–1900
3701:1788–1850
3647:Australia
3243:Transport
3208:Insurance
2779:(Report).
2482:Ian Mudie
2309:23 August
2167:ANU Press
1913:Vancouver
1704:Devonport
1681:Esperance
1670:Geraldton
1632:Newcastle
1628:Melbourne
1616:Gladstone
1608:Fremantle
1523:Waterways
1505:Melbourne
1375:Crude oil
1365:Pipelines
1350:2 ft
1329:Geraldton
1310:Rio Tinto
1180:Melbourne
1156:Melbourne
1142:Melbourne
787:Newcastle
742:Melbourne
679:Translink
648:Darwinbus
574:Translink
481:Overview
466:Sea World
423:Chatswood
419:Tallawong
395:Newcastle
387:Kingsford
356:Newcastle
336:Fremantle
300:Hindmarsh
292:Melbourne
235:trams in
219:Melbourne
199:Victorian
141:Melbourne
4821:Category
4650:Kiribati
4574:Category
4419:Religion
4317:Abortion
4271:Taxation
4040:Monarchy
4035:Military
3991:Intersex
3927:Politics
3908:Capitals
3772:Monarchy
3767:Military
3747:Economic
3725:By topic
3671:Timeline
3651:articles
3592:Category
3265:Taxation
3172:Tasmania
3152:Victoria
3124:Currency
2944:Victoria
2939:Tasmania
2868:Archived
2856:Archived
2708:cite web
2629:24 April
2062:See also
1788:Aviation
1749:, Sydney
1693:Tasmania
1654:Iron ore
1636:Portland
1596:Brisbane
1592:Adelaide
1581:Mainland
1516:Hamilton
1479:Victoria
1466:Ballarat
1448:Adelaide
1353: /
1234:Victoria
1200:Griffith
1192:Armidale
1176:Canberra
1172:Brisbane
1160:Adelaide
1152:Brisbane
1123:The Ghan
1114:Adelaide
1034:The Ghan
1002:services
992:services
982:services
972:services
603:Canberra
564:Brisbane
523:Adelaide
399:Canberra
383:Randwick
364:Sorrento
352:Maitland
324:Ballarat
312:Brisbane
304:East End
302:and the
237:Adelaide
157:Brisbane
153:Adelaide
122:Victoria
4801:Tokelau
4700:Vanuatu
4551:Outline
4522:Theatre
4512:Symbols
4477:Cuisine
4444:Culture
4305:Society
4281:Tourism
4251:Poverty
4187:Economy
3969:Parties
3870:Regions
3860:Islands
3855:Geology
3850:Forests
3818:Deserts
3803:Climate
3777:Railway
3659:History
3604:Commons
3408:Biofuel
3319:Banking
3282:dispute
3238:Tourism
3203:Fishing
3078:History
2788:Sources
2600:The Age
2533:The Age
2467:15 July
2441:15 July
2415:15 July
2389:1 April
2303:The Age
2281:22 June
1878:Jetstar
1675:Oakajee
1660:Dampier
1612:Geelong
1586:General
1509:Geelong
1495:Wimmera
1462:Bendigo
1442:on the
1427:Whyalla
1421:on the
1325:Oakajee
1277:TasRail
1270:Transwa
1000:Transwa
819:Limited
809:Limited
780:Planned
776:Limited
661:Limited
340:Geelong
328:Bendigo
254:network
4776:Hawaii
4695:Tuvalu
4579:Portal
4472:Cinema
4414:Racism
4387:People
4246:Mining
4209:Energy
4204:Dollar
3949:Courts
3939:Asylum
3913:Cities
3880:Rivers
3828:issues
3649:
3503:Unions
3400:Energy
3218:Mining
2916:States
2815:
2183:
2173:
1917:Pan Am
1850:Qantas
1837:Qantas
1714:Hobart
1699:Burnie
1640:Sydney
1624:Mackay
1604:Darwin
1600:Cairns
1545:Goolwa
1541:Mannum
1537:Echuca
1499:Mallee
1440:Mannum
1419:Morgan
1230:V/Line
1204:Sydney
1166:owned
1132:Darwin
1110:Sydney
1085:London
1032:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1008:lines:
998:
996:
990:V/Line
988:
986:
978:
976:
964:
962:
866:Sydney
707:Hobart
638:Darwin
495:(BRT)
458:Hobart
454:Darwin
425:. The
377:. The
362:, and
320:Hobart
318:, and
308:Sydney
145:Sydney
4690:Tonga
4680:Samoa
4670:Palau
4660:Nauru
4558:Index
4507:Sport
4502:Radio
4492:Music
4482:Dance
4434:Women
4337:Crime
4241:Media
4107:Women
3845:Fauna
3840:Flora
3248:Ports
2802:from
2777:(PDF)
2666:Trove
2573:(PDF)
2562:(PDF)
2366:ferry
2255:1 May
2181:JSTOR
1549:locks
1406:Perth
1401:Water
1196:Moree
1184:Dubbo
1118:Perth
1089:gauge
1052:Perth
828:Perth
488:Buses
478:City
316:Perth
287:Trams
149:Perth
97:goods
4771:Guam
4723:Niue
4645:Fiji
4462:Arts
4171:list
4159:list
4147:list
3996:LGBT
3510:ACTU
3370:ASIC
3365:APRA
3360:ACCC
3255:Wine
2723:help
2700:2023
2673:2023
2631:2023
2608:2009
2581:2009
2541:2009
2511:2009
2469:2012
2443:2012
2417:2012
2391:2003
2311:2021
2283:2021
2257:2021
2210:2007
2171:ISBN
2146:2009
1911:and
1880:and
1543:and
1464:and
1316:and
1208:Ghan
1198:and
1061:and
1044:The
968:and
427:line
421:and
369:The
231:and
201:and
155:and
131:Cars
4457:Art
4013:Law
3385:FWC
2811:CIA
1507:to
1460:to
1446:to
1425:to
1408:to
1339:In
1306:BHP
1252:);
1244:);
1236:);
1202:to
1162:).
1134:),
1120:),
1050:in
933:Yes
926:Yes
904:Yes
899:Yes
894:Yes
889:Yes
885:Yes
881:Yes
857:Yes
850:Yes
843:Yes
814:Yes
802:Yes
772:Yes
767:Yes
762:Yes
757:Yes
733:Yes
722:Yes
696:Yes
691:Yes
684:Yes
652:Yes
627:Yes
618:Yes
594:Yes
587:Yes
583:Yes
579:Yes
553:Yes
548:Yes
543:Yes
538:Yes
472:).
464:at
105:car
4823::
2712::
2710:}}
2706:{{
2690:.
2664:.
2646:.
2598:.
2564:.
2549:^
2531:.
2519:^
2300:.
2274:.
2248:.
2201:.
2179:.
2165:.
2137:.
2133:.
2122:^
1646:,
1642:,
1638:,
1634:,
1630:,
1626:,
1622:,
1618:,
1614:,
1610:,
1606:,
1602:,
1598:,
1594:,
1564:A
1539:,
1450:-
1433:-
1429:,
1412:-
1320:.
1312:,
1308:,
1194:,
1190:,
1186:,
1182:,
1178:,
1174:,
366:.
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
326:,
314:,
310:,
151:,
147:.
4613:e
4606:t
4599:v
3639:e
3632:t
3625:v
3345:)
3336:(
3284:)
3280:(
3063:e
3056:t
3049:v
2900:e
2893:t
2886:v
2813:.
2725:)
2721:(
2702:.
2675:.
2610:.
2583:.
2543:.
2513:.
2471:.
2445:.
2419:.
2393:.
2313:.
2285:.
2259:.
2212:.
2187:.
2148:.
1738:.
1568:.
1497:-
1395::
1386::
1377::
1347:(
1240:(
1158:-
1154:-
1150:(
1140:(
1130:-
1116:-
1112:-
1108:(
501:/
20:)
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