Waste - Knowledge

2902: 2860: 2364:, 'R'ecycle and 'R'ecover. Amongst these '7R's, the first two ('Refuse' and 'Reduce') relate to the non-creation of waste - by refusing to buy non-essential products and by reducing consumption. The next two ('Reuse' and 'Repair') refer to increasing the usage of the existing product, with or without the substitution of certain parts of the product. 'Repurpose' and 'Recycle' involve maximum usage of the materials used in the product, and 'Recover' is the least preferred and least efficient waste management practice involving the recovery of embedded energy in the waste material. For example, burning the waste to produce heat (and electricity from heat). Certain non-biodegradable products are also dumped away as 'Disposal', and this is not a "waste-'management'" practice. 2875: 2190: 2887: 1951: 1347: 2198: 2579: 2416:

benefits society. Another cost of not adding wastewater treatments in countries is that people have no choice but to clean with, cook with, or drink the contaminated water which has caused millions of cases of disease and deaths. “Between 400,000 and 1 million people die each year in developing countries because of diseases caused by mismanaged waste, estimates poverty charity Tearfund”. Society has the means to decrease or even eliminate this way of death and save millions of lives by providing the simple human necessity of clean water.

109: 2795: 2848: 5639: 2921: 1051: 1202: 2156: 6337: 5650: 2055:(not in my back yard) is the opposition of residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them. However, the need for expansion and siting of waste treatment and disposal facilities is increasing worldwide. There is now a growing market in the transboundary movement of waste, and although most waste that flows between countries goes between developed nations, a significant amount of waste is moved from developed to developing nations. 2430: 6327: 2171: 2834: 5813: 1760:"provides an exemption of entities which install and remove airbags. This includes automobile dealerships, salvage yards, automobile repair facilities and collision centers. The handler and transporter are exempt from RCRA, but the airbag waste collection facility is not exempt. Once the airbags have met the collection center, it will then be classified as RCRA hazardous waste and must be disposed or recycled at a RCRA disposal facility. 1107: 2399:. “For most industrial applications, a 150,000 GPD capacity WWTS would cost an estimated $ 500,000 to $ 1.5 million inclusive of all necessary design, engineering, equipment, installation, and startup”. With such a simple solution that has been proven to clean water to be reused and is relatively inexpensive, there is no excuse why there should not be a waste-water treatment facility in every country, every state, and every town. 2810: 1063: 5067: 6374: 4804: 2342:", which motivated scientists often require. Electronic waste (ewaste) includes discarded computer monitors, motherboards, mobile phones and chargers, compact discs (CDs), headphones, television sets, air conditioners and refrigerators. According to the Global E-waste Monitor 2017, India generates ~ 2 million tonnes (Mte) of e-waste annually and ranks fifth among the e-waste producing countries, after the 2822: 1512:

wrap, shipping envelopes are ending up in landfills across the United States. The EPA has estimated that approximately 10.1 million tons of plastic containers and packaging ended up landfills in 2018. The EPA noted that only 30.5% of plastic containers and packaging was recycled or combusted as an energy source. Additionally, approximately 940,000 pounds of cardboard ends up in the landfill each year.

45: 1771:, often referred to as "E-Waste" or "E-Scrap," are often thrown away or sent to a recycler. E-Waste continues to end up in landfills across the world. The EPA estimates that in 2009, 2.37 million tons of televisions, computers, cell phones, printers, scanners, and fax machines were discarded by US consumers. Only 25% of these devices were recycled; the remainder ended up in landfills across the US. 1572: 1753:, they share similar properties which makes them extremely hazardous. Airbag propellants characteristics of reactivity and ignitability are the characteristics which qualify for hazardous waste. When disposed undeployed, leaves these two hazardous characteristics intact. To properly dispose of these items, they must be safely deployed which removes these hazardous characteristics. 1549:, the EPA has the authority to control hazardous waste during its entire lifecycle. This means from the point of creation to the point where it has been properly disposed of. The life cycle of hazardous waste includes generation, transportation, treatment, and storage and disposal. All of which are included in the RCRA. Some forms of hazardous waste include 2309:

Proper management of waste is important for building sustainable and liveable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities. A report found that effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets. Operating this essential

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is much heavier when it is wet, and plastic or glass bottles can have different weights but be the same size. On a global scale it is difficult to report waste because countries have different definitions of waste and what falls into waste categories, as well as different ways of reporting. Based on

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E-Waste is not only a problem in the US, but also a global issue. Tackling this issue requires collaboration from multiple agencies across the world. Some agencies involved in this include U.S. EPA, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (Taiwan EPA), International E-Waste Management Network

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In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health. Health issues are associated with the entire process of waste management. Health issues can also arise indirectly or directly: directly through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil, and food. Waste

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estimated 338 million tonnes of waste was generated in 2001. For the same year, OECD estimated 4 billion tonnes from its member countries. Despite these inconsistencies, waste reporting is still useful on a small and large scale to determine key causes and locations, and to find ways of preventing,

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Mixed waste can also be defined as a type of waste which includes recyclable materials and organic materials. Some examples of mixed waste in this context include a combination of broken glassware, floor sweepings, non-repairable household goods, non-recyclable plastic and metal, and clothing

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Every year, the US generates this type of waste from both the commercial and consumer aspects. This waste is often generated from fireworks, signal flares and hobby rockets which have been damaged, failed to operate or for other reasons. Due to their chemical properties, these types of devices are

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Commercial waste is very similar to household waste. To be considered as commercial waste, it must come from a business or commercial occupancy. This can be restaurants, retail occupants, manufacturing occupants or similar businesses. Typically, commercial waste contains similar items such as food

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physically and chemically to clean water to be returned to society. The South Gippsland Water Organization breaks down the three steps of waste-water treatment. The primary treatment is to sift through the water to remove large solids to leave oils and small particles in the water. Secondary

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is dropping all over the world. There's not an infinite supply of water”. There is a need to preserve every resource, every finite water source that we do have left to maintain our lives and lifestyles. Able countries helping under-developed countries with their creation of wastewater treatments

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Munitions were added to hazardous waste in 1997 when the EPA finalized RCRA. A special rule was added to address munitions in waste. This new rule is commonly referred to as the Military Munitions Rule. The EPA defines military munitions as "all types of both conventional and chemical ammunition

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across the world. In the United States, it is estimated that 11.3 million tons of textile waste is generated. On an individual level, it is estimated that the average American throws away 81.5 pounds of clothes each year. As online shopping becomes more prevalent, items such as cardboard, bubble

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in their 20s (McElvaney). In McElvaney's photos, kids in fields burning refrigerators and computers with blackened hands and trashed clothes and animals, such as cows with open wounds, in the dumpsite. There are piles of waste used as makeshift bridges over lakes, with metals and chemicals just

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process, is defined as a waste or residue in some European countries when in fact it is produced “on purpose” and has significant value add potential in industrial applications. Several companies use CTO to produce fuel, while the pine chemicals industry maximizes it as a feedstock “producing

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Prior to the Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incinerator (HMIWI) standard, approximately 90% of the infectious waste was incinerated before 1997. Due to the potential of negatively affect air quality, alternative treatment and disposal technologies for medical waste was developed. These new

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of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management, and its impact on human health and life, authors concluded that about a fourth of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste is not collected and an additional fourth is mismanaged after collection, often being burned in open and

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The EPA defines this type of waste as "Construction and Demolition (C&D) debris is a type of waste that is not included in municipal solid waste (MSW)." Items typically found in C&D include but are not limited to steel, wood products, drywall and plaster, brick and clay tile, asphalt

2318:(IPCC), municipal solid waste is expected to reach approximately 3.4 Gt by 2050; however, policies and lawmaking can reduce the amount of waste produced in different areas and cities of the world. Measures of waste management include measures for integrated techno-economic mechanisms of a 2091:

who scavenge for metals, glass, plastic, textiles, and other materials and then trade them for a profit. This sector can significantly alter or reduce waste in a particular system, but other negative economic effects come with the disease, poverty, exploitation, and abuse of its workers.

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products and their components, produced by or for the military for national defense and security (including munitions produced by other parties under contract to or acting as an agent for DOD—in the case of Government Owned/Contractor Operated operations)." The entire rule can be found

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into the atmosphere. Donating e-waste to recycling centers or refurbishing this equipment can reduce the greenhouse gases emitted through the mining process as well as decrease the use of natural resources to ensure future generations will have sufficient access to these resources.

2138:. Many are advocating for waste management, a stop to the waste trade, the creation of wastewater treatment facilities, and providing a clean and accessible water source. The health of all these people in landfills and water are human necessities/rights that are being taken away. 4334: 1259:

What constitutes waste depends on the eye of the beholder; one person's waste can be a resource for another person. Though waste is a physical object, its generation is a physical and psychological process. The definitions used by various agencies are as below.

2185:, a site near Accra in Ghana that processes large volumes of international electronic waste. The pickers burn the plastics off of materials and collect the metals for recycling, However, this process exposes pickers and their local communities to toxic fumes. 1714:

The EPA defines energetic hazardous waste as "wastes that have the potential to detonate and bulk military propellants which cannot safely be disposed of through other modes of treatments." The items which typically fall under this category include

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Mixed waste is a term that has different definitions based its context. Most commonly, Mixed Waste refers to hazardous waste which contains radioactive material. In this context, the management of mixed waste is regulated by the EPA and RCRA and

1269: 1529:. The waste generated by construction and demolition is often intended to be reused or is sent to the landfill. Examples of reused waste is milled asphalt can be used again for the asphalt mixture or fill dirt can be used to level grade. 1525:

shingles, concrete, and asphalt. Generally speaking, construction and demolition waste can be categorized as any components needed to build infrastructures. In 2018, the EPA estimated that the US generated approximately 600 million tons of

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established the Interagency Task Force on Electronics Stewardship in November 2010. The overall goal for this task was to develop a national strategy for handling and proper disposal of electronic waste. The task force would work with the

5496: 1646:"Plans and carries out programs for sand handling of DOE-generated radioactive wastes, develops waste disposal technologies, and will design, construct and operate disposal facilities for DOE-generated and commercial high-level wastes." 4323: 1603:, hospitals, research centers, and mining facilities. Any activity that involves radioactive material can generate radioactive waste. Furthermore, such waste emits radioactive particles, which if not handled correctly, can be both an 2124:. The young men and children that work in Agbogbloshie smash devices to get to the metals, obtain burns, eye damage, lung and back problems, chronic nausea, debilitating headaches, and respiratory problems and most workers die from 4099: 1494:

concluded that 292.4 tons of municipal waste was generated which equated to about 4.9 pounds per day per person. Out of the 292.4 tons, approximately 69 million tons were recycled, and 25 million tons were composted.

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This type of radioactive waste is radioactively contaminated waste. It is typically generated from industrial processes or research. Examples of these items include paper, protective clothing, bags, and cardboard.

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The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development also known as OECD defines municipal solid waste (MSW) as "waste collected and treated by or for municipalities". Typically this type of waste includes

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describes waste as "materials that are not prime products (that is, products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or

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that could be linked to homes' water systems. The same unfortunate situation and dumps/landfills can be seen in similar countries that are considered the third world, such as other West African countries and

2087:(LCC)". The location of waste treatment and disposal facilities often reduces property values due to noise, dust, pollution, unsightliness, and negative stigma. The informal waste sector consists mostly of 1304:, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are excluded." 2079:) can curb economic costs because it avoids extracting raw materials and often cuts transportation costs. "Economic assessment of municipal waste management systems – case studies using a combination of 1664:"Through the U.S. Geological Survey, conducts laboratory and field geologic investigations in support of DOE's waste disposal programs and collaborates with DOE on earth science technical activities." 2901: 1706:

This type of radioactive waste is created through human activity such as mining, oil and gas drilling, and water treatment where naturally-occurring radiological material (NORM) becomes concentrated.

1924:. This act was only in effect for approximately 3 years after the EPA concluded the "disease-causing medical waste was greatest at the point of generation and naturally tapers off after that point." 1503:

Household waste more commonly known as trash or garbage are items that are typically thrown away daily from ordinary households. Items often included in this category include product packaging,

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as well as a human health hazard. When dealing with radioactive waste, it is extremely important to understand the necessary protocols and follow the correct precautions. Failure to handle and

1652:"Develops environmental standards and federal radiation protection guidance for offsite radiation due to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level and transuranic radioactive wastes." 1732:. While a large percentage of munitions waste is generated by the government or governmental contractors, residents also throw away expired or faulty ammunition inside their household waste. 1774:

E-Waste contains many elements that can be recycled or re-used. Typically speaking, electronics are encased in a plastic or light metal enclosure. Items such as computer boards, wiring,

831: 1010: 2001:, worms, various diseases, and other conditions for humans, and exposure to hazardous wastes, particularly when they are burned, can cause various other diseases including cancers. 4826: 1634:(DOI). Each agency plays an important role in creating, handling, and properly disposing of radioactive waste. A brief description of each agency's role can be found below. 1005: 4298:

Safety and security of radioactive sources: Towards a global system for the continuous control of sources throughout their life cycle. Proceedings of an international conference

2859: 4726: 1872:. The Hazardous materials content is regulated by RCRA while the radiological component is regulated by the Department of Energy (DOE) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). 4106: 2260:

is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials. Waste management is intended to reduce the adverse effects of waste on human

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issue. Many of the environmental burdens cited above are more often borne by marginalized groups, such as racial minorities, women, and residents of developing nations.

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heating is the very high heating of municipal solid waste to temperatures ranging from 3,000 to 10,000°C, where energy is released by an electrical discharge in an

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The EPA includes the waste of automobile airbag propellants under the RCRA. In 2018, the EPA issued a final rule on handling of automobile airbag propellants. The "

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The EPA defines hazardous waste as "a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment."

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is using wastes as an input material to create valuable products as new outputs. The aim is to reduce the amount of waste generated, thereby reducing the need for

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There are many issues that surround reporting waste. It is most commonly measured by size or weight, and there is a stark difference between the two. For example,

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defines waste as "an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard." For a more structural description of the Waste Directive, see the

2886: 1276:'Wastes' are substance or objects, which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law". 4569:

Iacovidou, Eleni; Millward-Hopkins, Joel; Busch, Jonathan; Purnell, Philip; Velis, Costas A.; Hahladakis, John N.; Zwirner, Oliver; Brown, Andrew (2017-12-01).

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municipal service requires integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and socially supported. A large portion of waste management practices deal with

1920:, and other bodily fluids. Concerns started to generate when medical waste was appearing on east coast beaches in the 1980's. This forced congress to pass the 4139: 2391:

treatment to dissolve/remove oils, particles, and micro-organisms from the water to be prepared for tertiary treatment to chemically disinfect the water with

66: 5553: 3125:"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Text with EEA relevance)" 2275:

The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the environment and human health. A big part of waste management deals with

3691: 2084: 2067:; money can often be saved with more efficiently designed collection routes, modifying vehicles, and with public education. Environmental policies such as 3201: 5489: 3327: 1516:

scraps, cardboard, paper, and shipping materials. Generally speaking, commercial waste creates more waste than household waste on a per location basis.

4367: 3079: 3275: 2653:. Secondary recovered fuel is the energy recovery from waste that cannot be reused or recycled from mechanical and biological treatment activities. 3911: 2874: 2763:, the security of nations, and the heritage of future generations. Several universities have implemented the Talloires Declaration by establishing 2112:

profits to create ways to manage landfills or clean water sources. Photographer Kevin McElvaney documents the world's biggest e-waste dump called

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from waste is using non-recyclable waste materials and extracting from it heat, electricity, or energy through a variety of processes, including

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and emission of "green house" gases threaten the survival of humans and thousands of other living species, the integrity of the earth and its

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uncontrolled fires – or close to one billion tons per year when combined. They also found that broad priority areas each lack a "high-quality

5474: 1623: 1491: 4544: 4843: 4301: 1093: 781: 5321: 2780: 1129:) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A 53: 4730: 2794: 2776: 2315: 1640:"Licenses and regulates the receipt and possession of high-level waste at privately owned facilities and at certain DOE facilities." 4635:

Velenturf, Anne P. M.; Archer, Sophie A.; Gomes, Helena I.; Christgen, Beate; Lag-Brotons, Alfonso J.; Purnell, Phil (2019-11-01).

1631: 3377: 5583: 4571:"A pathway to circular economy: Developing a conceptual framework for complex value assessment of resources recovered from waste" 2108:

and companies to transport their trash to their homes and oftentimes near bodies of water. Those same governments do not use any

4444: 6412: 2562:. Separation of waste flows can help make resource recovery simpler. Examples include keeping urine separate from feces (as in 2005:

materials can contaminate surface water, groundwater, soil, and air, which causes more problems for humans, other species, and

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and furnishings. Additionally, ashes and soot, residential renovation waste materials are also included under this definition.

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There is some debate in the classification of certain biomass feedstock as wastes. Crude Tall Oil (CTO), a co-product of the

1000: 1507:, clothing, food scraps, appliance, paints, and batteries. Most of the items that are collected by municipalities end up in 6013: 5983: 5598: 1576: 274: 4758: 3640: 2243:

and each type has different methods of disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including

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emissions by diverting energy use from fossil fuels, while also generating energy and using waste as fuel can reduce the

2314:(MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity. According to the 401: 321: 5341: 3951: 3892:

Wilson, D.C.; Velis, C.; Cheeseman, C. "Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries."

5664: 5659: 3107: 1798:, all of which are mined from the earth. It requires energy to operate the equipment to mine these metals, which emits 1619: 995: 909: 351: 4520: 3665:"Total hazardous and other waste generation as reported by the Parties to the Basel Convention in 2001 | GRID-Arendal" 2893: 2411:-led study, many of the world’s freshwater sources are being drained faster than they are being replenished. The 5316: 4919: 4779: 4494: 4478: 4177: 2969: 1246: 851: 756: 4398: 6360: 6081: 5578: 4131: 2224:, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related 1812: 1611:

these materials can have catastrophic consequences and potentially damage the site's ecosystems for years to come.

3536: 6023: 5381: 5371: 5286: 5136: 4886: 1816: 1086: 796: 559: 141: 3688: 3561: 6350: 6035: 5479: 5356: 5311: 3588: 2550:(urine and feces). The term "toilet resources" has come into use recently. Those resources include: nutrients ( 2189: 4611: 2847: 2208:

or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final

1823:. The report focuses on four goals of the federal government's plan to enhance the management of electronics: 6355: 6345: 6247: 6028: 5376: 5336: 5301: 3841:

Wolsink, M. "Entanglement of interests and motives: Assumptions behind the NIMBY-theory on Facility Siting."

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is the conversion of carbon rich material through high temperature with partial oxidation into a gas stream.

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A specialized trash collection truck providing regular municipal trash collection in a neighborhood in

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This type of radioactive waste is generated from nuclear reactors or reprocessing spent nuclear fuel.

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Effective 'Waste Management' involves the practice of '7R' - 'R'efuse, 'R'educe', 'R'euse, 'R'epair,

2265: 1869: 1778:, and small motor items are common types of E-waste. Of these items, the internal components include 1313: 811: 776: 736: 389: 356: 206: 1835:

4. Reducing harmful exports of e-waste and building capacity in developing countries.

1729: 1658:"Regulates both the packaging and carriage of all hazardous materials including radioactive waste." 1346: 5834: 2764: 2536:(LCA) can be used to compare the resource recovery potential of different treatment technologies. 1228: 806: 426: 361: 298: 31: 3299: 1690:

This type of radioactive waste is a result after the mining or milling or uranium or thorium ore.

6272: 5782: 5700: 5501: 3589:"By-laws S-610 and S-611 Amending By-law S-600, the Solid Waste Collection & Disposal By-law" 2680:

option for wastes that would normally have to be dealt with through disposal. It can help reduce

1580:, a deep geological repository for the final disposal of the radioactive waste, located near the 1293: 1270:

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

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pollution; accumulation and distribution of toxic wastes; destruction and depletion of forests,

6312: 6156: 6111: 5968: 5876: 5211: 4840: 4808: 3797:"Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?" 2582:

People who earn their living by collecting and sorting garbage and selling them for recycling (

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involves heating of waste, with the absence of oxygen, to high temperatures to break down any

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space, and optimising the values created from waste. Resource recovery delays the need to use

6479: 6398: 6101: 6096: 6003: 5998: 5737: 5724: 5011: 4991: 4219:"Inconsistencies of e-waste management in developing nations – Facts and plausible solutions" 2944: 2720: 2559: 2462: 2311: 2276: 2244: 2080: 2048: 1153: 944: 786: 652: 564: 261: 6489: 6467: 6307: 6297: 5849: 5821: 5613: 5361: 5206: 5111: 4648: 4230: 3989: 2821: 2374: 2225: 2197: 1604: 1453: 1381: 486: 219: 2676:

Using waste as fuel can offer important environmental benefits. It can provide a safe and

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can reduce the cost of management and reduce waste quantities. Waste recovery (that is,

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waste, commercial waste and industrial wastes can be used to recover resources for the

2466: 2339: 2323: 1984: 1684:: This type of radioactive waste is man-made and has an atomic number of 92 or higher. 1614:

Radioactive waste is monitored and regulated by multiple governmental agencies such as

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which transforms some of them (primarily the oxygen compounds) into useful substances.

1428: 1373: 1055: 816: 692: 454: 236: 176: 146: 90: 3352: 2809: 6494: 6442: 6326: 6141: 6131: 6076: 5901: 5891: 5839: 5777: 5522: 5452: 5447: 5432: 5223: 5191: 5186: 5166: 5106: 5031: 4738: 4674: 4666: 4592: 4474: 4421: 4266: 4254: 4246: 4173: 4013: 4005: 3919: 3816: 3740: 3149: 3053: 3043: 2934: 2740: 2685: 2542:. Here, the term refers to approaches to recover the resources that are contained in 2450: 2443: 2330: 2303: 2287: 2256: 1680: 1566: 1550: 1449: 1185: 1138: 1115: 704: 627: 620: 574: 441: 231: 226: 136: 4661: 4636: 3828: 6437: 6302: 6292: 6176: 6151: 6051: 5871: 5844: 5792: 5767: 5757: 5752: 5506: 5437: 5278: 5248: 5238: 5196: 5171: 5151: 5146: 4986: 4954: 4949: 4929: 4903: 4656: 4582: 4238: 4165: 3997: 3808: 3730: 3720: 3014: 3004: 2999: 2939: 2801: 2712: 2670: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2470: 2379: 2319: 2299: 2283: 2221: 2213: 2205: 2178: 2148: 2068: 2064: 1964: 1768: 1671: 1554: 1487: 1350: 1111: 964: 861: 801: 687: 640: 589: 549: 524: 509: 491: 466: 406: 291: 241: 4587: 4570: 4242: 6484: 6287: 6252: 6196: 6191: 6171: 5932: 5881: 5802: 5772: 5762: 5608: 5532: 5268: 5263: 5233: 5131: 5116: 5021: 5016: 4976: 4847: 4821: 4001: 3695: 3176: 3111: 3009: 2619: 2599: 2587: 2563: 2525: 2101: 2021:. On the other hand, when the waste contains plastics, the gases produce contain 1694: 1600: 1538: 1483: 1441: 1369: 1339: 1157: 749: 709: 579: 544: 476: 416: 344: 281: 181: 4692: 4073: 3417: 2907:

Containers for selective waste collection at the Gdańsk University of Technology

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and generation of wastes are minimised, and in which materials and products are

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Ray, A. "Waste management in developing Asia: Can trade and cooperation help?"

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Containers for consumer waste collection at the Gdańsk University of Technology

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and waste management programs, e.g. the waste management university project.

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from humans or animals. Examples of this type of contamination can include

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Technologically enhanced naturally-occurring radioactive material (TENORM):

1301: 1296:, and of which he/she wants to dispose. Wastes may be generated during the 1169: 919: 881: 866: 697: 662: 607: 326: 186: 3796: 1667:

The US currently defines five types of radioactive waste, as shown below.

6432: 6211: 6161: 6061: 5747: 5568: 5218: 5056: 4971: 4934: 4390: 3978:"A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health" 3609: 3202:"National Overview: Facts and Figures on Materials, Wastes and Recycling" 2994: 2964: 2949: 2756: 2646: 2558:), organic matter, energy and water. This concept is also referred to as 2412: 2396: 2361: 2130: 2109: 2105: 2063:

The economic costs of managing waste are high, and are often paid for by

2036: 2002: 1504: 1469: 1461: 841: 539: 519: 156: 113: 3709:"Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues" 2155: 6262: 6216: 6116: 5623: 4981: 4966: 3300:"What is commercial waste? – The Waste Management & Recycling Blog" 2772: 2768: 2666: 2603: 2555: 2543: 2539: 2434: 2322:, effective disposal facilities, export and import control and optimal 2295: 2291: 2269: 2252: 2248: 2010: 1905: 1893: 1749:

While automobile airbag propellants are not as common as munitions and

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Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies

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content into a mixture of gaseous and liquid fuels and solid residue.

2429: 2279:, which is created by industrial, commercial, and household activity. 6452: 6186: 5716: 5603: 5156: 4895: 4568: 2984: 2728: 2708: 2704: 2654: 2567: 2529: 2486: 2383: 2217: 2170: 2160: 2072: 2006: 1889: 1848: 1787: 1775: 1750: 1716: 1608: 1445: 1412: 1393: 1362: 1146: 959: 914: 876: 826: 761: 667: 131: 98: 19:

This article is about material waste. For the medical condition, see

2201:

A recycling and waste-to-energy plant for waste that is not exported

6472: 5922: 5812: 5126: 5086: 5006: 4545:"This is what the world's waste does to people in poorer countries" 4217:

Gollakota, Anjani R. K.; Gautam, Sneha; Shu, Chi-Min (1 May 2020).

2727:

concerned about the unprecedented scale and speed of environmental

2551: 2454: 2392: 2335: 1913: 1885: 1791: 1585: 1508: 1416: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1142: 331: 4429:

United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT)

3378:"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Orientation Manual" 6242: 5096: 4105:. Dalhousie University – Office of Sustainability. Archived from 3713:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

2478: 2355: 2240: 2121: 1437: 1358: 1354: 20: 5066: 2104:

and landfills caused by unlawful government policies that allow

1719:, fireworks, flares, hobby rockets, and automobile propellants. 44: 6390: 5041: 4996: 4835: 4803: 2979: 2974: 2658: 2650: 2638: 2261: 2236: 2164: 2125: 1994: 1990: 1852: 1795: 1420: 1165: 969: 949: 856: 846: 554: 3912:"Agbogbloshie: the world's largest e-waste dump – in pictures" 3657: 2282:

Waste management practices are not the same across countries (

30:"Refuse" redirects here. For other meanings of this word, see 6166: 5787: 5036: 4841:

Cambio verde: waste-food exchange project in Curitiba, Brazil

4634: 4352: 2989: 2752: 2637:

is reduced to a simpler chemical component in the absence of

2517: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2351: 2232: 2135: 2117: 2076: 2052: 1917: 1909: 1826:

1. Incentivizing greener design of electronics

1434: 1424: 1401: 1177: 1173: 924: 316: 5685: 3328:"Construction and Demolition Debris: Material-Specific Data" 1141:. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or 4856: 3681: 2748: 2408: 1840: 1783: 1779: 1571: 1465: 1285: 1106: 954: 201: 196: 161: 4894: 4495:"How Much Does an Industrial Water Treatment System Cost?" 1968:

minimizing, recovering, treating, and disposing of waste.

1954:

Waste generation, measured in kilograms per person per day

1468:. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical 4780:"Crude tall oil feed stocks cannot be considered 'waste'" 4637:"Circular economy and the matter of integrated resources" 4294:"Import/export control of radioactive sources in Nigeria" 3509:"Interim Final Rule: Safe Management of Recalled Airbags" 2744: 2688:

generated in landfills by averting waste from landfills.

4160:"Glossary of environmental and waste management terms". 3936: 3772:"What method of waste disposal is best for the climate?" 3562:"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Overview" 2696:

low-carbon, bio-based chemicals” through cascading use.

3135: 2715:

is increasingly important from a global perspective of

2538:

Resource recovery can also be an aim in the context of

2017:. When the burned waste contains metals, it can create 1735: 1498: 3971: 3969: 3867:“Muck and brass: The waste business smells of money.” 2775:

education are promoted by various organizations, e.g.

2039:

and will become increasingly valuable for plant life.

1819:(GSA). The task force released its final product, the 4153: 4036: 2625:

There are several ways to recover energy from waste.

1490:, and demolition or construction waste. In 2018, the 1279: 1263: 4761:. Oliver, Christian, Financial Times. April 15, 2014 4685: 4612:"The industry creating a third of the world's waste" 4124: 4050:. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from 3039:

Waste of a Nation : Garbage and Growth in India

2916: 1821:

National Strategy for Electronics Stewardship report

1519: 4194:"Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change" 3966: 3634:"CHAPTER III. WASTE QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS" 2497:are examples of where value can be found in waste. 2035:emissions increase, soil begins to become a larger 1433:All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of 5554:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 4216: 4164:. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2003. pp. 337–465. 3706: 3276:"Containers and Packaging: Product-Specific Data" 2461:in the manufacturing process. Materials found in 2338:base", partly due to the absence of "substantial 1932:Thermal Treatment, such as microwave technologies 6512: 3141: 1744: 1149:that raises a waste product's value above zero. 4782:. Moran, Kevin, Financial Times. April 30, 2014 4391:"Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life" 4331:International Journal of Engineering Inventions 4100:"Waste Management Practices: Literature Review" 3707:Ferronato, Navarro; Torretta, Vincenzo (2019). 3064: 1997:, which can harbor gastrointestinal parasites, 1884:This type of waste is typically generated from 1832:3. Increasing domestic recycling 3148:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 583–. 2865:Shacks and littering by illegal immigrants in 1904:. This waste has often been contaminated with 6406: 5701: 4880: 4395:Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life 2500:Resource recovery goes further than just the 1543:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1209:The examples and perspective in this article 1087: 3856:The Journal of Environment & Development 3035: 2800:Vegetable waste being dumped in a market in 1813:White House Council on Environmental Quality 1709: 1595:, is produced by various industries such as 4743:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3251:"10 Stunning Fast Fashion Waste Statistics" 2306:sectors can all take different approaches. 2100:People in developing countries suffer from 6413: 6399: 5708: 5694: 4887: 4873: 4521:"Is the world running out of fresh water?" 3794: 2781:Chartered Institution of Wastes Management 2699: 2645:or direct controlled burning of municipal 1989:Inappropriately managed waste can attract 1094: 1080: 107: 4660: 4586: 4422:"Waste Management in India – An Overview" 4389:Cook, E.; Velis, C. A. (6 January 2021). 4388: 4324:"E –Waste Management through Regulations" 3734: 3724: 3226:"Municipal Solid Waste | Wastes | US EPA" 2316:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2228:, technologies, and economic mechanisms. 1963:incomplete reports from its parties, the 1247:Learn how and when to remove this message 4825:) is being considered for deletion. See 4419: 4097: 3639:. 2012-02-20. p. 20. Archived from 3537:"Cleaning Up Electronic Waste (E-Waste)" 2577: 2428: 2368: 2196: 2188: 2169: 2154: 2095: 1949: 1935:Steam sterilization, such as autoclaving 1591:Radioactive waste, often referred to as 1570: 1345: 1105: 69:of all important aspects of the article. 5584:High-level radioactive waste management 3114:. 1997. UNSD. Updated web version 2001. 1839:(IEMN), and environmental offices from 1114:created with plastic bottles and other 6513: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4609: 4473:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 4468: 4304:from the original on 20 September 2021 4291: 4273:from the original on 20 September 2021 4142:from the original on 30 September 2020 3975: 3607: 3559: 3534: 3506: 3478: 3415: 3375: 3350: 3325: 3321: 3319: 3273: 3199: 3145:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy 3142:Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). 1978: 1460:, which is excreted together with the 116:after being shredded to a uniform size 65:Please consider expanding the lead to 6394: 5689: 4868: 4401:from the original on 22 February 2021 4024:from the original on 25 November 2018 3906: 3904: 3902: 3603: 3601: 3583: 3581: 3530: 3528: 3502: 3500: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3353:"Learn the Basics of Hazardous Waste" 3248: 3177:"Waste - Municipal waste - OECD Data" 2009:. A form of waste disposal involving 6373: 5599:Sewage regulation and administration 4370:from the original on 25 January 2021 4078:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3795:Kirschbaum, Miko U.F. (2000-01-01). 3751: 3031: 3029: 2629:is a naturally occurring process of 2424: 1829:2. Leading by example 1736:Fireworks, flares, and hobby rockets 1560: 1499:Household waste and commercial waste 1314:Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC 1195: 38: 4703: 4518: 4223:Journal of Environmental Management 3451:"Backgrounder on Radioactive Waste" 3316: 1763: 1423:treat these compounds as excretes. 322:Radium and radon in the environment 13: 3954:from the original on 17 March 2017 3948:United Nations Statistics Division 3899: 3598: 3578: 3525: 3497: 3467: 3434: 3394: 3104:Glossary of Environment Statistics 2594: 2047:Waste management is a significant 1817:US General Services Administration 1532: 1476: 1332: 1289:Glossary of Environment Statistics 1280:United Nations Statistics Division 1264:United Nations Environment Program 14: 6537: 4829:to help reach a consensus. › 4796: 4450:from the original on 24 June 2021 4340:from the original on 16 July 2021 3759:Solid Waste Management, Volume 2. 3026: 2970:List of waste management acronyms 2618:. This process is referred to as 2516:more sustainably for durability, 2504:. Resource recovery is part of a 2251:, household, municipal, organic, 2058: 1806:As this issue continued to grow, 1688:Uranium or thorium mill tailings: 1520:Construction and demolition waste 1327: 1307: 6420: 6372: 6336: 6335: 6325: 6082:Extended producer responsibility 5811: 5649: 5648: 5637: 5579:Extended producer responsibility 5065: 4802: 4641:Science of the Total Environment 4170:10.1016/B978-075067507-9/50010-3 2919: 2900: 2885: 2873: 2858: 2846: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2793: 2442:This section is an excerpt from 2147:This section is an excerpt from 2013:creates a significant amount of 1879: 1338:This section is an excerpt from 1200: 1061: 1049: 43: 5137:Mechanical biological treatment 4853:Resource Productivity and Waste 4772: 4751: 4662:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.449 4628: 4603: 4562: 4537: 4512: 4487: 4462: 4413: 4382: 4316: 4285: 4210: 4186: 4091: 4066: 3886: 3874: 3861: 3848: 3835: 3788: 3764: 3700: 3626: 3553: 3369: 3344: 3292: 3267: 3085:from the original on 2017-05-16 2894:Gdańsk University of Technology 2477:of new materials and products. 2380:Wastewater treatment facilities 2326:of products that are produced. 2042: 1624:Environmental Protection Agency 1492:Environmental Protection Agency 142:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 57:may be too short to adequately 4727:"Energy Recovery and Disposal" 3242: 3218: 3193: 3169: 3117: 2743:. Local, regional, and global 2433:'Waste not the waste' sign in 2419: 1862: 1384:) which cannot be used by the 1191: 1011:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 67:provide an accessible overview 16:Unwanted or unusable materials 1: 6248:Container-deposit legislation 5715: 4814: 4610:Miller, Norman (2021-12-16). 4588:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.002 4575:Journal of Cleaner Production 4243:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110234 3881:Journal of Cleaner Production 3249:Igini, Martina (2022-08-02). 3020: 2853:Waste collected in a tricycle 2508:, in which the extraction of 2141: 1745:Automobile airbag propellants 1616:Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1582:Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant 1322:European Commission's summary 482:Electrical resistance heating 4098:Davidson, Gary (June 2011). 4002:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.028 3481:"Energetic Hazardous Wastes" 3073:"Basel Convention Home Page" 3042:. Harvard University Press. 1945: 1941:Chemical mechanical systems 1722: 1628:Department of Transportation 192:Persistent organic pollutant 7: 5943:Materials recovery facility 5589:History of waste management 3608:US EPA, OLEM (2016-02-17). 3560:US EPA, OLEM (2015-08-18). 3535:US EPA, OITA (2014-03-18). 3507:US EPA, OLEM (2018-10-01). 3479:US EPA, OLEM (2018-07-11). 3376:US EPA, OLEM (2015-02-09). 3351:US EPA, OLEM (2015-11-25). 3326:US EPA, OLEM (2017-09-12). 3274:US EPA, OLEM (2017-09-07). 3200:US EPA, OLEM (2017-10-02). 2912: 2407:“Right now, according to a 2402: 2268:, planetary resources, and 2129:seeping into the water and 1456:), with the exception of CO 1223:, discuss the issue on the 10: 6542: 5177:fluorescent lamp recycling 3416:US EPA, OAR (2018-11-28). 3070:“Basel Convention.” 1989. 2786: 2441: 2372: 2348:People's Republic of China 2146: 1982: 1922:Medical Waste Tracking Act 1632:Department of the Interior 1564: 1337: 1156:(household trash/refuse), 29: 18: 6428: 6321: 6225: 6044: 5956: 5910: 5820: 5809: 5723: 5632: 5546: 5515: 5425: 5277: 5074: 5063: 4910: 4759:"Biofuels: Wasted Energy" 3976:Giusti, L. (2009-08-01). 2827:Agobox; Bio-medical Waste 2711:in the area of waste and 1710:Energetic hazardous waste 1392:), and must therefore be 737:War and environmental law 357:Health effects from noise 207:Volatile organic compound 5559:China's waste import ban 4827:templates for discussion 4693:"The Sanitation Economy" 4471:Environmental Management 4132:"Solid Waste Management" 3944:"Environment Statistics" 3304:www.forgerecycling.co.uk 2765:environmental management 2649:reduces waste and makes 2031:As global warming and CO 1971: 362:Marine mammals and sonar 6273:Reverse vending machine 4920:Agricultural wastewater 4420:R. Dhana, Raju (2021). 3813:10.1023/A:1006238902976 2892:Recycling point at the 2700:Education and awareness 1888:, physicians' offices, 1553:, explosive waste, and 837:Freshwater salinization 757:Agricultural wastewater 6313:Water recycling shower 6157:Reuse of human excreta 6127:Recycling (ecological) 6112:Material flow analysis 5644:Environment portal 5322:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5212:water recycling shower 4697:Toilet Board Coalition 4469:Sankar, Ajith (2015). 4292:Elegba, S. B. (2006). 4048:Environment Statistics 3871:2009 02 28. pp. 10-12. 3761:UNEP/Earthprint, 2006. 3726:10.3390/ijerph16061060 2591: 2438: 2202: 2194: 2186: 2167: 1955: 1928:alternatives include: 1588: 1440:through the excretory 1366: 1119: 1056:Environment portal 25:Waste (disambiguation) 23:. For other uses, see 6480:Instant gratification 6102:Interchangeable parts 6097:Industrial metabolism 5012:Municipal solid waste 4992:Industrial wastewater 3894:Habitat International 3845:31.6 (1994): 851-866. 3036:Doron, Assa. (2018). 2945:Environmental dumping 2723:is a declaration for 2721:Talloires Declaration 2581: 2566:toilets) and keeping 2560:ecological sanitation 2463:municipal solid waste 2432: 2369:Wastewater facilities 2312:municipal solid waste 2277:municipal solid waste 2200: 2192: 2173: 2158: 2120:, which used to be a 2106:first-world countries 2096:Affecting communities 2081:life-cycle assessment 2065:municipal governments 2049:environmental justice 1983:Further information: 1953: 1741:extremely dangerous. 1574: 1388:(they are surplus or 1353:expel urine from the 1349: 1154:municipal solid waste 1109: 797:Industrial wastewater 565:Municipal solid waste 487:Soil guideline values 6490:Planned obsolescence 6468:Online food ordering 6308:Water heat recycling 6298:Waste management law 5207:water heat recycling 5112:Garden waste dumping 4811:at Wikimedia Commons 4549:World Economic Forum 2880:Used cigarette boxes 2693:pulp and papermaking 2375:Wastewater treatment 2231:Waste can either be 2212:. This includes the 1815:(CEQ), EPA, and the 1620:Department of Energy 1605:environmental hazard 1597:nuclear power plants 1382:cellular respiration 1272:of 1989, Art. 2(1), 1229:create a new article 1221:improve this article 1211:may not represent a 1137:of relatively minor 1006:Most polluted cities 658:Overhead power lines 6258:Ethical consumerism 6192:Urban lumberjacking 6122:Product stewardship 6072:Eco-industrial park 5574:Eco-industrial park 5162:appliance recycling 5082:Anaerobic digestion 5027:Post-consumer waste 4925:Biodegradable waste 4653:2019ScTEn.689..963V 4235:2020JEnvM.26110234G 3994:2009WaMan..29.2227G 3896:30 (2006): 797-808. 3883:13 (2005): 253-263. 3418:"Radioactive Waste" 3131:. 22 November 2008. 2755:; depletion of the 2717:resource management 2627:Anaerobic digestion 2616:anaerobic digestion 2534:Life-cycle analysis 2502:management of waste 2257:radioactive wastes. 1979:Environmental costs 1902:research facilities 1380:processes (such as 1133:, by contrast is a 822:Ocean acidification 732:Unexploded ordnance 653:Advertising clutter 585:Post-consumer waste 530:Foam food container 515:Biodegradable waste 172:Global distillation 6526:Waste of resources 6500:Throw-away society 6331:Environment portal 6202:Waste minimisation 6147:Reusable packaging 6092:Industrial ecology 5619:Waste minimisation 5564:Cleaner production 5229:Reusable packaging 5142:Mechanical sorting 4945:Construction waste 4846:2014-03-08 at the 4112:on 1 February 2012 4054:on 1 December 2017 3858:17.1 (2008): 3-25. 3776:MIT Climate Portal 3694:2015-09-24 at the 3110:2013-01-04 at the 2960:Global waste trade 2927:Environment portal 2592: 2439: 2324:sustainable design 2288:developing nations 2203: 2195: 2187: 2168: 2102:contaminated water 2085:life-cycle costing 1985:environmental cost 1956: 1758:interim final rule 1589: 1545:. Under the 1450:Malpighian tubules 1429:metabolic pathways 1372:or excrements are 1367: 1120: 1068:Ecology portal 693:Herbicidal warfare 237:Introduced species 177:Indoor air quality 147:Chlorofluorocarbon 6508: 6507: 6495:Same-day delivery 6443:Convenience store 6388: 6387: 6142:Resource recovery 6132:Refill (campaign) 6077:Ecological design 6057:Dematerialization 5867:Fluorescent lamps 5683: 5682: 5614:Waste legislation 5523:Sanitation worker 5497:London Convention 5433:Bamako Convention 5224:Resource recovery 5192:textile recycling 5187:plastic recycling 5167:battery recycling 5107:Ecological design 5032:Radioactive waste 4807:Media related to 3155:978-0-226-87013-7 3049:978-0-674-98060-0 2935:Biological hazard 2741:natural resources 2686:methane emissions 2510:natural resources 2451:Resource recovery 2444:Resource recovery 2425:Resource recovery 2331:systematic review 1870:Atomic Energy Act 1681:Transuranic Waste 1586:Eurajoki, Finland 1567:Radioactive waste 1561:Radioactive waste 1551:radioactive waste 1351:Placental mammals 1316:, Art. 3(1), the 1268:According to the 1257: 1256: 1249: 1231:, as appropriate. 1186:radioactive waste 1168:, which contains 1152:Examples include 1116:non-biodegradable 1104: 1103: 1039: 1038: 705:Nuclear holocaust 628:Urban heat island 442:Radioactive waste 227:Biological hazard 137:Air quality index 84: 83: 6533: 6438:Convenience food 6415: 6408: 6401: 6392: 6391: 6376: 6375: 6339: 6338: 6329: 6303:Waste management 6293:Waste collection 6152:Reuse of bottles 6052:Circular economy 6029:Northern Ireland 5815: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5652: 5651: 5642: 5641: 5507:OSPAR Convention 5438:Basel Convention 5249:Waste collection 5239:Sewage treatment 5197:timber recycling 5172:bottle recycling 5152:Reclaimed lumber 5147:Photodegradation 5069: 4987:Industrial waste 4955:Electronic waste 4950:Demolition waste 4930:Biomedical waste 4904:waste management 4889: 4882: 4875: 4866: 4865: 4806: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4734: 4729:. Archived from 4722: 4701: 4700: 4699:. 26 March 2018. 4689: 4683: 4682: 4664: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4590: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4449: 4426: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4339: 4328: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4204: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4111: 4104: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 3988:(8): 2227–2239. 3982:Waste Management 3973: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3908: 3897: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3865: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3768: 3762: 3757:Diaz, L. et al. 3755: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3728: 3704: 3698: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3675: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3645: 3638: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3605: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3504: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3476: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3447: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3413: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3323: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3236: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3121: 3115: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3033: 3015:Waste management 3005:Waste collection 3000:Waste by country 2940:Chemical hazards 2929: 2924: 2923: 2904: 2889: 2877: 2862: 2850: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2797: 2713:waste management 2671:inert atmosphere 2506:circular economy 2340:research funding 2320:circular economy 2206:Waste management 2149:Waste management 2069:pay as you throw 2015:greenhouse gases 1965:Basel Convention 1938:Electropyrolysis 1890:dental practices 1800:greenhouse gases 1769:Electronic waste 1764:Electronic waste 1672:High-level Waste 1601:nuclear reactors 1555:electronic waste 1541:falls under the 1488:commercial waste 1472:of the organism. 1396:. This includes 1370:Metabolic wastes 1275: 1252: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1232: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1112:art installation 1096: 1089: 1082: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1054: 1053: 985: 984: 688:Chemical warfare 590:Waste management 550:Industrial waste 525:Electronic waste 510:Advertising mail 492:Phytoremediation 467:Land degradation 407:Depleted uranium 292:Overillumination 242:Invasive species 111: 101: 86: 85: 79: 76: 70: 47: 39: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6485:Overconsumption 6424: 6419: 6389: 6384: 6317: 6288:Waste-to-energy 6253:Dumpster diving 6221: 6197:Waste hierarchy 6172:Right to repair 6040: 6009:The Netherlands 5964:Rate by country 5952: 5906: 5816: 5807: 5719: 5714: 5684: 5679: 5655:Category: Waste 5636: 5628: 5609:Waste hierarchy 5542: 5533:Waste collector 5511: 5502:Oslo Convention 5421: 5273: 5269:Waste-to-energy 5264:Waste treatment 5234:Right to repair 5132:Landfill mining 5117:Illegal dumping 5070: 5061: 5022:Packaging waste 5017:Open defecation 4977:Hazardous waste 4906: 4893: 4862: 4848:Wayback Machine 4830: 4799: 4794: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4736: 4735: 4723: 4704: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4633: 4629: 4620: 4618: 4608: 4604: 4567: 4563: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4529: 4527: 4517: 4513: 4504: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4305: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4215: 4211: 4202: 4200: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4145: 4143: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4083: 4081: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 3974: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3928: 3926: 3910: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3849: 3840: 3836: 3801:Biogeochemistry 3793: 3789: 3780: 3778: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3756: 3752: 3705: 3701: 3696:Wayback Machine 3686: 3682: 3673: 3671: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3616: 3610:"Medical Waste" 3606: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3570: 3568: 3558: 3554: 3545: 3543: 3533: 3526: 3517: 3515: 3505: 3498: 3489: 3487: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3435: 3426: 3424: 3414: 3395: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3359: 3349: 3345: 3336: 3334: 3324: 3317: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3282: 3272: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3247: 3243: 3234: 3232: 3230:archive.epa.gov 3224: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3208: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3140: 3136: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3112:Wayback Machine 3101: 3097: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3050: 3034: 3027: 3023: 3010:Waste converter 2925: 2918: 2915: 2908: 2905: 2896: 2890: 2881: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2854: 2851: 2842: 2837: 2828: 2825: 2816: 2813: 2804: 2798: 2789: 2702: 2620:waste-to-energy 2600:Energy recovery 2597: 2595:Energy recovery 2588:Smokey Mountain 2576: 2575: 2564:urine diversion 2526:remanufacturing 2447: 2427: 2422: 2405: 2377: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2152: 2144: 2098: 2061: 2045: 2034: 2030: 2026: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1948: 1882: 1865: 1808:President Obama 1766: 1747: 1738: 1725: 1712: 1695:Low-level waste 1569: 1563: 1539:Hazardous Waste 1535: 1533:Hazardous waste 1522: 1501: 1484:household waste 1479: 1477:Municipal waste 1474: 1473: 1464:throughout the 1459: 1409: 1376:left over from 1343: 1340:Metabolic waste 1335: 1333:Metabolic waste 1330: 1310: 1282: 1273: 1266: 1253: 1242: 1236: 1233: 1218: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1158:hazardous waste 1100: 1062: 1060: 1048: 1041: 1040: 940: 932: 931: 905: 897: 896: 832:Pharmaceuticals 812:Nonpoint source 752: 742: 741: 710:Nuclear fallout 683: 673: 672: 643: 633: 632: 623: 613: 612: 603: 595: 594: 580:Packaging waste 545:Hazardous waste 505: 497: 496: 457: 447: 446: 417:Nuclear fallout 412:Nuclear fission 392: 382: 381: 347: 337: 336: 312: 304: 303: 277: 275:Electromagnetic 267: 266: 257: 249: 248: 222: 212: 211: 182:Ozone depletion 127: 117: 99: 80: 74: 71: 64: 52:This article's 48: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6539: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6418: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6395: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6333: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6233:Bottle cutting 6229: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Land recycling 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6024:United Kingdom 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5842: 5837: 5835:Automotive oil 5832: 5826: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5698: 5690: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5646: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5528:Street sweeper 5525: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5440: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5412:United Kingdom 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5202:tire recycling 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5182:land recycling 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5092:Biodegradation 5089: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5052:Surface runoff 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4940:Chemical waste 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4892: 4891: 4884: 4877: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4850: 4838: 4812: 4798: 4797:External links 4795: 4793: 4792: 4771: 4750: 4733:on 2014-04-07. 4702: 4684: 4627: 4602: 4561: 4536: 4519:Smedley, Tim. 4511: 4486: 4479: 4461: 4435:(7): 175–196. 4412: 4381: 4351: 4315: 4284: 4209: 4185: 4178: 4152: 4123: 4090: 4065: 4035: 3965: 3935: 3918:. 2014-02-27. 3898: 3885: 3873: 3869:The Economist. 3860: 3847: 3834: 3787: 3763: 3750: 3699: 3680: 3656: 3625: 3597: 3577: 3552: 3524: 3496: 3466: 3433: 3393: 3368: 3343: 3315: 3291: 3266: 3241: 3217: 3192: 3168: 3154: 3134: 3116: 3095: 3063: 3048: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2899: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2845: 2843: 2840:Hospital waste 2838: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2807: 2805: 2799: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2725:sustainability 2701: 2698: 2682:carbon dioxide 2678:cost-effective 2635:organic matter 2596: 2593: 2448: 2440: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2404: 2401: 2373:Main article: 2370: 2367: 2153: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2097: 2094: 2060: 2059:Economic costs 2057: 2044: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2024: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1881: 1878: 1864: 1861: 1765: 1762: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1724: 1721: 1711: 1708: 1565:Main article: 1562: 1559: 1534: 1531: 1521: 1518: 1500: 1497: 1478: 1475: 1457: 1407: 1344: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1328:Types of waste 1326: 1318:European Union 1309: 1308:European Union 1306: 1281: 1278: 1265: 1262: 1255: 1254: 1215:of the subject 1213:worldwide view 1208: 1206: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1188:, and others. 1182:surface runoff 1139:economic value 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1058: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 1001:Law by country 998: 990: 989: 983: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 930: 929: 928: 927: 922: 912: 906: 903: 902: 899: 898: 895: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 872:Surface runoff 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 772:Eutrophication 769: 764: 759: 753: 748: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 734: 729: 727:Scorched earth 724: 723: 722: 720:Nuclear winter 717: 715:Nuclear famine 712: 702: 701: 700: 690: 684: 679: 678: 675: 674: 671: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 644: 639: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 624: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 506: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 472:Bioremediation 469: 464: 458: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 402:Bioremediation 399: 393: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 352:Transportation 348: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 299:Radio spectrum 296: 295: 294: 289: 278: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 245: 244: 234: 229: 223: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 167:Global dimming 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 128: 123: 122: 119: 118: 112: 104: 103: 95: 94: 82: 81: 75:September 2021 61:the key points 51: 49: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6538: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6463:Food delivery 6461: 6459: 6458:Drive-through 6456: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6381: 6380: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6361:organizations 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6278:Simple living 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6268:Pallet crafts 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6207:Waste picking 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6137:Repairability 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6087:Green economy 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6036:United States 6034: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5948:Waste sorting 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5877:Mobile phones 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5676: 5675:Organizations 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5647: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5594:Landfill fire 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5443:EU directives 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5417:United States 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5254:Waste sorting 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5002:Marine debris 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4781: 4775: 4760: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4631: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4581:: 1279–1288. 4580: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4551:. 16 May 2019 4550: 4546: 4540: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4482: 4480:9780199458912 4476: 4472: 4465: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4336: 4332: 4325: 4319: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4181: 4179:9780750675079 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3972: 3970: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3864: 3857: 3851: 3844: 3843:Urban Studies 3838: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3684: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3646:on 2012-02-20 3642: 3635: 3629: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3602: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3529: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3320: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3157: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2955:Garbage truck 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2917: 2903: 2898: 2895: 2888: 2883: 2876: 2871: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2815:Weapon scraps 2811: 2806: 2803: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:decomposition 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2590:, Philippines 2589: 2585: 2584:waste pickers 2580: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548:human excreta 2545: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522:repairability 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:manufacturing 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459:raw materials 2456: 2452: 2445: 2436: 2431: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344:United States 2341: 2337: 2332: 2329:In the first 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2175:Waste pickers 2172: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2093: 2090: 2089:waste pickers 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2027: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1960:organic waste 1952: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:bodily fluids 1903: 1900:offices, and 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1880:Medical Waste 1877: 1873: 1871: 1860: 1858: 1857:North America 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845:Latin America 1842: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1742: 1733: 1731: 1720: 1718: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593:nuclear waste 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1527:C&D waste 1517: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1302:raw materials 1299: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1277: 1271: 1261: 1251: 1248: 1240: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1207: 1198: 1197: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:bodily wastes 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135:joint product 1132: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 993: 992: 991: 987: 986: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 942: 936: 935: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 901: 900: 893: 890: 888: 887:Water quality 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 754: 751: 746: 745: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 703: 699: 696: 695: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 682: 677: 676: 669: 666: 664: 663:Traffic signs 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 642: 637: 636: 629: 626: 625: 622: 617: 616: 609: 606: 605: 599: 598: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 570:Nanomaterials 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 501: 500: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 459: 456: 451: 450: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 432:Radioactivity 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 391: 386: 385: 378: 377:Soundproofing 375: 373: 372:Noise control 370: 368: 367:Noise barrier 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 349: 346: 341: 340: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 308: 307: 300: 297: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 271: 270: 263: 260: 259: 253: 252: 243: 240: 239: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 221: 216: 215: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 126: 121: 120: 115: 110: 106: 105: 102: 97: 96: 92: 88: 87: 78: 68: 62: 60: 55: 50: 46: 41: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 6448:Fast fashion 6422:Fast culture 6421: 6377: 6282: 6238:Cogeneration 6067:Durable good 5547:Other topics 5538:Waste picker 5465:incineration 5244:Urban mining 5122:Incineration 5102:Durable good 5047:Sharps waste 5007:Mining waste 4899: 4861: 4820: 4784:. 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Retrieved 3066: 3038: 2867:South Africa 2761:biodiversity 2703: 2690: 2675: 2663:Gasification 2643:Incineration 2624: 2612:pyrolyzation 2608:gasification 2598: 2499: 2467:construction 2449: 2406: 2388:contaminants 2378: 2328: 2308: 2290:); regions ( 2281: 2274: 2230: 2204: 2183:Agbogbloshie 2118:Accra, Ghana 2114:Agbogbloshie 2099: 2062: 2046: 2043:Social costs 1999:yellow fever 1988: 1975: 1957: 1926: 1883: 1874: 1866: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1805: 1773: 1767: 1755: 1748: 1739: 1726: 1713: 1703: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1686: 1679: 1678: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1613: 1590: 1575: 1536: 1523: 1514: 1502: 1480: 1368: 1357:through the 1311: 1288: 1283: 1267: 1258: 1243: 1234: 1210: 1151: 1126: 1122: 1121: 979: 975:Point source 920:Heavy metals 882:Urban runoff 867:Sulfur water 842:Septic tanks 698:Agent Orange 608:Space debris 462:Agricultural 327:Volcanic ash 187:Particulates 72: 56: 54:lead section 36: 6433:Consumerism 6351:by material 6212:Wishcycling 6162:Repurposing 6062:Downcycling 6014:Switzerland 5850:PET bottles 5798:Cooking oil 5783:Refrigerant 5569:Downcycling 5516:Occupations 5485:waste water 5382:Switzerland 5372:South Korea 5362:New Zealand 5287:Afghanistan 5259:Waste trade 5219:Repurposing 5057:Toxic waste 5037:Scrap metal 4972:Green waste 4935:Brown waste 4912:Major types 4815:‹ The 4647:: 963–969. 4616:www.bbc.com 4525:www.bbc.com 4405:13 February 4374:13 February 4344:27 February 4308:27 February 4277:27 February 4198:www.ipcc.ch 3719:(6): 1060. 3614:www.epa.gov 3566:www.epa.gov 3541:www.epa.gov 3513:www.epa.gov 3485:www.epa.gov 3422:www.epa.gov 3382:www.epa.gov 3357:www.epa.gov 3332:www.epa.gov 3280:www.epa.gov 3206:www.epa.gov 2995:Waste Atlas 2965:Human waste 2950:Fly-tipping 2757:ozone layer 2733:degradation 2647:solid waste 2420:Utilization 2413:water table 2362:'R'epurpose 2300:residential 2296:rural areas 2266:environment 2131:groundwater 2110:waste trade 2037:carbon sink 2019:toxic gases 2003:Toxic waste 1894:blood banks 1863:Mixed waste 1630:(DOT), and 1470:homeostasis 1462:water vapor 1400:compounds, 1294:consumption 1237:August 2020 1192:Definitions 1145:through an 945:Area source 787:Groundwater 540:Green waste 520:Brown waste 504:Solid waste 262:Information 157:Exhaust gas 114:Solid waste 6515:Categories 6356:by product 6346:by country 6263:Freeganism 6243:Composting 6217:Zero waste 6117:Precycling 5938:Collection 5928:Blue boxes 5830:Appliances 5624:Zero waste 5426:Agreements 5357:Kazakhstan 5312:Bangladesh 5097:Composting 4982:Heat waste 4967:Food waste 4960:by country 4786:2014-07-03 4765:2014-07-03 4621:2022-01-02 4555:2021-11-11 4530:2021-11-11 4505:2021-11-11 4499:Samco Tech 4229:: 110234. 4203:2022-04-05 4146:2020-09-28 4136:World Bank 4084:2023-08-19 4028:4 December 3929:2021-11-11 3781:2022-11-30 3674:2022-11-30 3650:2023-03-11 3619:2022-11-24 3571:2022-11-24 3546:2022-11-24 3518:2022-11-24 3490:2022-11-24 3460:2022-11-24 3427:2022-11-24 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5857:Computers 5840:Batteries 5733:Aluminium 5725:Materials 5717:Recycling 5604:Upcycling 5470:landfills 5460:framework 5453:Recycling 5448:batteries 5377:Sri Lanka 5337:Hong Kong 5302:Australia 5279:Countries 5157:Recycling 5075:Processes 4896:Biosolids 4671:0048-9697 4597:0959-6526 4441:2582-6832 4267:212641354 4251:0301-4797 4010:0956-053X 3924:0261-3077 3821:1573-515X 3255:Earth.Org 3129:europa.eu 2985:Recycling 2802:Hyderabad 2737:depletion 2729:pollution 2709:awareness 2705:Education 2655:Pyrolysis 2574:separate. 2568:greywater 2530:recycling 2487:aluminium 2284:developed 2222:treatment 2218:transport 2161:Stockholm 2073:recycling 1946:Reporting 1886:hospitals 1849:Caribbean 1788:palladium 1751:fireworks 1723:Munitions 1717:munitions 1509:landfills 1446:nephridia 1417:sulphates 1378:metabolic 1363:urination 1225:talk page 1164:(such as 1147:invention 960:Garbology 877:Turbidity 827:Oil spill 777:Firewater 762:Biosolids 668:Vandalism 427:Poisoning 422:Plutonium 397:Actinides 390:Radiation 132:Acid rain 100:Pollution 59:summarize 6473:Take-out 6341:Category 6226:See also 6045:Concepts 6004:Mongolia 5999:Malaysia 5902:Vehicles 5892:Textiles 5822:Products 5743:Concrete 5665:Journals 5480:vehicles 5402:Thailand 5392:Tanzania 5127:Landfill 5087:Balefill 4844:Archived 4817:template 4739:cite web 4679:31280177 4445:Archived 4399:Archived 4368:Archived 4364:phys.org 4335:Archived 4302:Archived 4271:Archived 4259:32148304 4140:Archived 4074:"Wastes" 4022:Archived 4018:19401266 3952:Archived 3829:97491270 3745:30909625 3692:Archived 3689:oecd.org 3108:Archived 3080:Archived 2913:See also 2552:nitrogen 2514:designed 2455:landfill 2403:Benefits 2397:UV light 2395:or with 2393:chlorine 2336:research 2210:disposal 2177:burning 1792:platinum 1398:nitrogen 1394:excreted 1386:organism 1219:You may 1143:resource 1016:Treaties 996:Diseases 852:Shipping 817:Nutrient 767:Diseases 332:Wildfire 6379:Commons 5984:Ireland 5845:Bottles 5778:Plastic 5738:Asphalt 5332:Georgia 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