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311:. Water may be splashed on the walls and floor, and hot humid air may cause condensation on cold surfaces. From a decorating point of view, the bathroom presents a challenge. Ceiling, wall, and floor materials and coverings should be impervious to water and readily and easily cleaned. The use of ceramic or glass, as well as smooth plastic materials, is common in bathrooms for their ease of cleaning. Such surfaces are often cold to the touch, however, so water-resistant bath mats or even bathroom carpets may be used on the floor to make the room more comfortable. Alternatively, the floor may be heated, possibly by strategically placing resistive electric mats under the floor tile or radiant hot water tubing close to the underside of the floor surface.
426:), marking not only a significant social development but also providing a public source of relaxation and rejuvenation. Here was a place where people could meet to discuss the matters of the day and enjoy entertainment. During this period there was a distinction between private and public baths, with many wealthy families having their thermal baths in their houses. Despite this they still made use of the public baths, showing the value that they had as a public institution. The strength of the Roman Empire was telling in this respect; imports from throughout the world allowed Roman citizens to enjoy ointments, incense, combs, and mirrors. The partially reconstructed ruins can still be seen today, for example at
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in Crete. What is remarkable about this tub is not only the similarity with the baths of today but also how the plumbing works surrounding it differ so little from modern models. A more advanced prehistoric (15th century BC and before) system of baths and plumbing is to be found in the excavated town
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Nearly all of the hundreds of houses excavated had their bathing rooms. Generally located on the ground floor, the bath was made of brick, sometimes with a surrounding curb to sit on. The water drained away through a hole in the floor, down chutes or pottery pipes in the walls, and into the municipal
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Bathroom lighting should be uniform, and bright and must minimize glare. For all the activities like shaving, showering, grooming, etc. one must ensure equitable lighting across the entire bathroom space. The mirror area should have at least two sources of light at least 1 foot apart to eliminate any
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The first records for the use of baths date back as far as 3000 B.C. At this time water had a strong religious value, being seen as a purifying element for both body and soul. So it was not uncommon for people to be required to cleanse themselves before entering a sacred area. Baths are recorded as
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shadows on the face. Skin tones and hair color are highlighted with a tinge of yellow light. Ceiling and wall lights must be safe for use in a bathroom (electrical parts need to be splashproof) and therefore must carry appropriate certification such as
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part of village or town life throughout this period, with a split between steam baths in Europe and
America and cold baths in Asia. Communal baths were erected in a distinctly separate area from the living quarters of the village.
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bathed him to gain his invincibility. Palaces have been uncovered throughout Greece with areas that are dedicated to bathing, spaces with ceramic bathtubs, as well as sophisticated drainage systems. Homer uses the word λοετρά,
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declined gradually in the West, and private spaces were favored, thus laying the foundations for the bathroom, as it was to become, in the 20th century. However, increased urbanization led to the creation of more
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in the United States and Canada. In some countries, such as the United
Kingdom, only special sockets suitable for electric shavers and electric toothbrushes are permitted in bathrooms and are labelled as such.
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Electrical appliances, such as lights, heaters, and heated towel rails, generally need to be installed as fixtures, with permanent connections rather than plugs and sockets. This minimizes the risk of
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tubs and other bath fittings were found, along with a sophisticated twin plumbing system to transport hot and cold water separately. This was probably because of easy access to
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also define what type of electrical fixtures, such as light fittings (i.e. how water-/splash-proof) may be installed in the areas (zones) around and above baths, and showers.
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The bathroom design must account for the use of hot and cold water, in significant quantities, for cleaning the body. The water is also used for moving solid and liquid
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In the United States, there is a lack of a single definition. This commonly results in discrepancies between the advertised and actual number of baths in
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848:. Article from lighting research center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, NY 12180 USA). Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from
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has written of the ambiguous nature of bathrooms as both the most private space and one most connected to the wider outside world.
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for personal hygiene products and medicines, and drawers or shelves (sometimes in column form) for storing towels and other items.
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Both the Greeks and the Romans recognized the value of bathing as an important part of their lifestyles. Writers such as
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is a waterproof room usually equipped with a shower; it is designed to eliminate moisture damage and is compatible with
191:) is situated between and usually shared by the occupants of two separate bedrooms. It may also have two wash basins. A
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in which people wash their bodies or parts thereof. It can contain one or more of the following plumbing fixtures: a
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that is adjoining to the largest bedroom; a "full bathroom" (or "full bath"), containing four plumbing fixtures: a
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Not all ancient baths were in the style of the large pools that often come to mind when one imagines the
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had their heroes bathe in warm water to regain their strength; it is perhaps notable that the mother of
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terminology, is a full bathroom not attached to a bedroom, but with its door opening onto a corridor. A
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Virtual reconstruction of the Roman Baths in Weißenburg, Germany, using data from laser scan technology
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This article is about private rooms for personal hygiene. For toilet facilities outside the home, see
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are known as just "toilets" or possibly "cloakrooms" - but also as "lavatories" when they are
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can reduce the risk of electric shock, and are required for bathroom socket installation by
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The Roman attitudes towards bathing are well documented; they built large thermal baths (
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Illustration of a bathroom from the early 20th century, in which appear a bathtub, two
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Lost
Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from the Babylonians to the Maya
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All forms of bathroom lighting should be IP44 rated as safe to use in the bathroom.
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listings. Bathrooms are generally categorized as "master bathroom", containing a
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drainage system. Even the fastidious
Egyptians rarely had special bathrooms.
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Historically, bathing was often a collective activity, which took place in
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752:"Washroom vs. restroom: Why do Canadians say one and Americans the other?"
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generally contains a bath or shower (or both), a toilet, and a sink. An
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tend to be called "bathrooms", "powder rooms" or "washrooms", as
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The term for the place used to clean the body varies around the
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94:(also known as a wash basin in the UK). The inclusion of a
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The
Bathroom: A Social History of Cleanliness and the Body
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Throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the use of
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is attached to, and only accessible from, a bedroom. A
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Room for personal hygiene activities, such as showering
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818:"The Plugs and Sockets etc. (Safety) Regulations 1987"
727:"The Benefits of a Jack and Jill Bathroom - Bob Vila"
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131:in Japan and, throughout the Islamic world, the
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562:) still exists, the latter being very popular.
110:to conceal their actual purpose, while they in
38:. For washing facilities outside the home, see
846:"Lighting research center - Bathroom lighting"
506:. Public baths are mentioned by the comedian
135:(also known in the West as a "Turkish bath").
34:. For private toilet room at a residence, see
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940:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
879:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.
163:, as does the design of the room itself. A
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944:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
936:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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295:, which might be placed next to a toilet.
832:"Bathroom Zones and IP Ratings Explained"
629:A bathroom in the Olympic village of the
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2883:History of water supply and sanitation
2769:Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
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598:An early 20th century bathroom in the
287:A modern bidet of the traditional type
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617:Illustration of a bathroom from 1903
2938:Workers' right to access the toilet
2888:Human right to water and sanitation
98:is common. There are also specific
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2520:Toilet-related injuries and deaths
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871:Teresi, Dick; et al. (2002).
705:. Dalsimer Press. pp. 94–95.
498:tablets, in the name of the River
252:bars or rings for hanging towels.
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2734:Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue
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248:Bathrooms often have one or more
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958:Bathroom Remodeling In Rochester
754:. National Post. August 29, 2024
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326:Ground-fault circuit interrupter
2486:Privatization of public toilets
904:Penner, Barbara, 1970- (2013).
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541:baths and washhouses in Britain
228:and a basin, and nothing else.
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774:"Top 10 Bathroom Design Ideas"
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776:. Exteriored. August 13, 2024
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2754:Public toilets in Bratislava
996:Hoagland, Alison K. (2018).
796:"Why You Should Buy a Bidet"
703:Designing Your Perfect House
255:
7:
2424:(combined toilet and bidet)
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701:Hirsch, William J. (2008).
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546:In Japan shared bathing in
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147:Bathroom in France, with a
139:Variations and terminology
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2525:Toilet Revolution in China
960:- Retrieved AUG 20, 2024.
798:. TheSpruce. June 13, 2024
631:2020 Winter Youth Olympics
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454:, on the Aegean island of
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386:Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro
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226:a room containing a toilet
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271:Some bathrooms contain a
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112:British and Irish English
2789:Toilets in New York City
2739:Modern Toilet Restaurant
2471:Islamic toilet etiquette
1781:Multi-family residential
490:, from the verb λούειν,
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2693:Fecal sludge management
2652:Urine collection device
2637:Urinal deodorizer block
2602:Female urination device
530:16th century and beyond
402:Greek and Roman bathing
344:UK building regulations
2923:Sustainable sanitation
2908:Reuse of human excreta
971:von Fürstenberg, Diane
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376:Hygiene § History
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185:Jack and Jill bathroom
161:English-speaking world
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104:North American English
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2779:Toilet History Museum
2729:Hundertwasser Toilets
2671:Feces-related aspects
2590:Urine-related aspects
2491:Swachh Bharat Mission
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408:Ancient Roman bathing
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239:Design considerations
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2794:Bryant Park restroom
2642:Urinal (health care)
2461:Honeywagon (vehicle)
1034:at Wikimedia Commons
852:on September 7, 2011
466:hot springs on this
173:en suite shower room
2893:Improved sanitation
2744:National Poo Museum
2688:Defecation postures
2549:Jobs and activities
2451:Bathroom privileges
2407:Urine-diverting dry
1227: / Guest room
656:- Japanese bathroom
586:Bathroom in Belgium
565:Cultural historian
514:(sing.: βαλανείον,
372:Ritual purification
2842:Groom of the Stool
2607:Interactive urinal
2561:Restroom attendant
1703:Servants' quarters
682:. Marriam-Webster)
428:Roman Baths (Bath)
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199:underfloor heating
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2556:Manual scavenging
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1504:Janitorial closet
1238:Bedsit / Miniflat
1030:Media related to
820:. Legislation UK.
644:Accessible toilet
526:, a "balneary").
502:("bathing" ), in
169:en suite bathroom
16:(Redirected from
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2933:World Toilet Day
2928:Waste management
2918:Sewage treatment
2805:Historical terms
2784:Toilets in Japan
2466:Incontinence pad
2456:Bathroom reading
2218:Toilet rim block
2206:Holder/dispenser
2169:Electronic bidet
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1608:Kitchen-related
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36:toilet (room)
33:
32:public toilet
19:
2950:faucetiy.com
2948:
2857:Privy midden
2678:Anal hygiene
2571:Slopping out
2540:Vacuum truck
2515:Toilet plume
2505:
2446:Adult diaper
2432:Cultural and
2316:Incinerating
2201:Toilet paper
2149:Bidet shower
1956:Roof lantern
1708:Smoking room
1678:Long gallery
1658:Drawing room
1644:Conservatory
1551:Storm cellar
1522:Storage room
1518:Utility room
1514:Laundry room
1490:Furnace room
1212:
1081:Shared rooms
997:
979:Random House
974:
955:
905:
899:
874:
866:
854:. Retrieved
850:the original
840:
834:. Bathrooms.
826:
812:
802:September 7,
800:. Retrieved
790:
778:. Retrieved
768:
756:. Retrieved
746:
736:November 29,
734:. Retrieved
730:
721:
702:
696:
684:. Retrieved
674:
564:
553:
547:
545:
536:public baths
533:
523:
515:
511:
508:Aristophanes
491:
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181:estate agent
176:
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126:
123:public baths
120:
100:toilet rooms
71:
69:
44:
2852:Pail closet
2837:Gong farmer
2822:Close stool
2817:Chamber pot
2764:Shit Museum
2417:Vermifilter
2321:Intelligent
2211:Orientation
2174:Flushometer
2049:Home repair
1846:Belt course
1754:Hidden room
1683:Lumber room
1599:Antechamber
1590:Great house
1570:Wine cellar
1541:Root cellar
1494:Boiler room
1475:Crawl space
1146:Living room
1139:kitchenette
1124:Home cinema
1109:Family room
1104:Dining room
1094:Common room
443:Roman baths
315:Electricity
309:septic tank
305:human waste
206:real estate
2958:Categories
2913:Sanitation
2862:Reredorter
2847:Night soil
2683:Defecation
2496:Toilet god
2481:Latrinalia
2441:Accessible
2397:Telescopic
2312:(Scouting)
2284:Dual flush
2269:Composting
2059:Tree house
2029:Front yard
1961:Sill plate
1909:Foundation
1851:Bressummer
1764:house plan
1733:Undercroft
1718:State room
1668:Great hall
1637:still room
1304:dumbwaiter
1289:Cubby-hole
1119:Great room
1089:Bonus room
908:. London.
780:August 13,
758:August 29,
680:"bathroom"
666:References
464:geothermic
370:See also:
333:electrical
108:euphemisms
2974:Bathrooms
2832:Garderobe
2759:Rest area
2724:Haewoojae
2708:Scatology
2647:Urination
2627:Sanistand
2581:Toileting
2376:Sanisette
2331:Low-flush
2127:Equipment
1983:Threshold
1866:Colonnade
1811:Townhouse
1749:Furniture
1653:Courtyard
1555:Safe room
1465:Cloakroom
1433:Technical
1423:Vestibule
1408:Staircase
1347:Inglenook
1320:Fireplace
1279:Breezeway
1151:Gynaeceum
932:cite book
924:834404623
660:Washstand
520:Latinized
516:balaneíon
460:alabaster
456:Santorini
256:Furniture
201:systems.
2871:See also
2812:Aphedron
2749:Outhouse
2617:Pee curl
2361:Portable
2336:On-board
2299:Freezing
2264:Chemical
2244:Arborloo
2239:Aircraft
2134:Ballcock
2024:Driveway
2019:Backyard
1978:Skylight
1941:Plumbing
1936:Ornament
1931:Lighting
1841:Baluster
1829:elements
1801:Detached
1796:Terraced
1648:Orangery
1627:scullery
1604:Ballroom
1580:Workshop
1565:Wardrobe
1553: /
1520: /
1516: /
1492: /
1455:Basement
1387:sleeping
1382:screened
1367:Overhang
1311:Entryway
1299:Elevator
1213:Bathroom
1168:man cave
1032:Bathroom
1002:ABC-Clio
975:The Bath
973:(1993).
906:Bathroom
856:July 10,
731:Bob Vila
638:See also
512:balaneía
496:Linear B
479:Achilles
470:island.
468:volcanic
452:Akrotiri
350:Lighting
299:Plumbing
90:, and a
72:bathroom
63:and two
18:Washroom
2969:Bathing
2827:Dansker
2612:Pissoir
2476:Istinja
2422:Washlet
2402:Treebog
2326:Latrine
2289:EToilet
2259:Cathole
2164:Commode
2159:Cistern
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