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259: 251: 849:(for Japan 1941–1945), many Japanese cities were damaged. Subsequently, most bathhouses were destroyed along with the cities. The lack of baths caused the reappearance of communal bathing and temporary baths were constructed with the available material, often lacking a roof. Furthermore, as most houses were damaged or destroyed, few people had access to a private bath, resulting in a great increase in customers for the bathhouses. New buildings in the post-war period also often lacked baths or showers, leading to a strong increase in the number of public baths. In 1965 many baths also added showerheads to the faucets in baths. The number of public baths in Japan peaked around 1970. 794:(1867–1912) the design of Japanese baths changed considerably. The narrow entrance to the bathing area was widened considerably to a regular-sized sliding door, the bathtubs were sunk partially in the floor so that they could be entered more easily, and the height of the ceiling of the bathhouse was then doubled. Since the bath now focused on hot water instead of steam, windows could be added, and the bathing area became much brighter. The only difference between these baths and the modern bath was the use of wood for the bathing area and the lack of faucets. 858: 783: 697: 559: 834: 1849: 359: 738:(1603–1868) at different times required baths to segregate by sex in order to ensure public moral standards. However, many bathhouse owners merely partitioned their baths with a small board, allowing some voyeurism to persist. Other baths avoided this problem by having men and women bathe at different times of day, or by catering to one gender exclusively. In spite of this, laws regarding mixed-sex bathing were soon relaxed again. 168: 688:). There the customer also received his/her ration of hot water, since there were no faucets in the actual bath. The entrance to the steam bath was only a very small opening with a height of about 80  cm, so that the heat did not escape. Due to the small opening, the lack of windows, and the thick steam, these baths were usually very dark, and customers often cleared their throats to signal their position to others. 506: 22: 817:. The earthquake and the subsequent fire destroyed most baths in the Tokyo area. This accelerated the change from wooden baths to tiled baths, as almost all new bathhouses were now built in the new style using tiled bathing areas. At the end of the Taishō period, faucets also became more common, and this type of faucet can still be seen today. These faucets were called 486:). The attendant usually provides at extra cost a variety of bath products including towels, soap, shampoo, razors, and combs; ice cream or juice from the freezer can also be paid for here. There are usually free lockers with keys (that may be worn on the wrist into the baths) or large baskets provided to put personal effects. 109: 760:
As a preventive measure against prostitution, the Tokugawa shogunate stipulated that no more than three yuna serve at any given bathhouse. However, this rule was widely ignored, causing the shogunate to ban female attendants from bathhouses altogether and once again prohibit the practice of mixed-sex
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A public bathing facility in Japan typically has one of two kinds of entrances. One is the front desk variety, where a person in charge sits at a front desk, abbreviated as "front." The other entrance variety is the bandai style. In Tokyo, 660 sentō facilities have a "front"-type entrance, while only
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Rules and pricing are regulated per prefecture based on local committees. In 2022, basic entrance fee for adults at a sentō in Tokyo is ¥500. Citing a rise in oil prices as rationale, price has been raised from ¥400 (2000–2006), to ¥430 (2006–2008) and again to ¥450 (2008–present).
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is in decline, many bathhouse operators have adjusted to the new taste of the public and are offering a wide variety of experiences. Some bathhouses emphasize their tradition and run traditionally-designed bathhouses to appeal to clientele seeking lost Japan. These bathhouses are also often located
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Immediately after World War II, resources were scarce and few homeowners had access to a private bath. Private baths began to be more common around 1970, and most new buildings included a bath and shower unit for every apartment. Easy access to private baths led to a decline in customers for public
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Most sentō in Tokyo also offers a premium service for which each facility sets its own price, usually around ¥1,000. This option is usually called a sauna since at least a sauna is included. At Civic Land Nissei, for example, the sauna option includes access to more than half of all the facilities
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area the bathtubs are more often found in the center of the room, whereas in Tokyo they are usually at the end of the room. The separating wall between the men and the women side is also about 1.5 m high. The ceiling may be 4 m high, with large windows in the top. On rare occasions, the separating
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on both sides, and a single large bath for the already washed bathers to sit in among others. Since the second half of the 20th century, these communal bathhouses have been decreasing in numbers as more and more Japanese residences now have baths. Some Japanese find social importance in going to
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Some public baths have signs refusing entry for people with tattoos. However, one may be allowed in if the tattoos are not too obvious. If one ventures to a public bathing place that is publicly owned, this should not present a problem as they have a duty to let all tax-paying citizens in. The
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The Japanese public bath is one area where the uninitiated can upset regular customers by not following correct bathing etiquette designed to respect others; in particular, not washing before bathing, dipping your towel into the water, introducing soap into the bathwater, and horseplay.
454:. Attendants usually sell these items for 100-200 yen. Many people bring two towels; a hand towel for drying and a hand towel or washcloth for washing. A nylon scrubbing cloth or scrub brush with liquid soap is normally used for washing. Other body hygiene products may include a 308:, but it may be a general Japanese landscape, a (faux) European landscape, a river or ocean scene. On rarer occasions, it may also show a group of warriors or a female nude on the male side. Playing children or a female beauty often decorates the women's side. 96:. In general, the word onsen means that the bathing facility has at least one bath filled with natural hot spring water. However, throughout the Kansai region of Japan, the word "onsen" is also a commonly used naming scheme for sentō. Sentō and supersentō in 273:, where the climate is warmer and there is no need to keep the hot air in the bath. Sentō in Okinawa usually have no separation between the changing room and the bathing area or only a small wall with an opening to pass through. 344:
with a bathtub of cold water (around 17 degrees Celsius) just outside it for cooling off afterward. Visitors are sometimes expected to pay an extra fee to use the sauna and are often given a wristband to signify this payment.
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The bathing area is usually tiled. Near the entrance area is a supply of small stools and buckets. There are a number of washing stations at the wall and sometimes in the middle of the room, each with usually two faucets
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are often gender-specific on the different sides. There is usually a refreshment cooler there where the customers can self-serve and pay the attendant. Milk drinks are traditional favorites and sometimes there is
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Girls 13 years or younger and boys 8 or younger are usually permitted to enter the baths of either gender. In other prefectures, the cut-off age can be as high as 16 in Hokkaidō or as low as 5 in Hyōgo.
474:. They are kept in a shoe locker. The locker is usually available free of charge. In a gender-segregated sentō, bathers go through one of the two doors. The men's door usually has a blue color and the 761:
bathing. Large numbers of unemployed yuna thereafter moved to official red-light districts, where they could continue their services. Up until 1870, there were also male washing assistants called
745:(湯女, lit. hot water women). These attendants helped cleanse customers by scrubbing their backs. After official closing hours, however, a number of these women would perform additional services by 83:
because they live in a small housing facility without a private bath or to enjoy bathing in a spacious room and to relax in saunas or jet baths that often accompany new or renovated sentōs.
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The ceiling is very high, at 3 to 4 m. The separating wall between the men's and the women's side is about 1.5 m high. The dressing room also often has access to a very small Japanese
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Sweat: The Illustrated History and Description of the Finnish Sauna, Russian Bania, Islamic Hammam, Japanese Mushi-Buro, Mexican Temescal, and American Indian & Eskimo Sweat Lodge
423:, frequently used by foreign fishing fleets, had problems with drunken sailors misbehaving in the bath. Subsequently, a few bathhouses chose not to allow foreign customers at all. 304:
wall also has a small hole. This was used to pass soap. At the wall on the far end of the room is usually a large ceramic tile mural or painting for decoration. Most often this is
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Larger scale public bathing facility types are called super sentō and kenkō land, both more expensive than sentō, though super sentō offer a more modest price compared to kenkō.
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commonly displays a poster, a leaflet, and/or a brochure describing bathing etiquette and procedures in Japanese or occasionally in other languages for international customers.
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to male customers. Similarly, some brothels in contemporary Japan have women who specialize in bathing with and cleansing male clientele. Such establishments are often called
646:(1185–1333) sick people were routinely allowed access to the bathhouse. Wealthy merchants and members of the upper class soon also included baths in their residences. 887:
in scenic areas and may include an open-air bath. Some also try drilling in order to gain access to a hot spring, turning a regular bathhouse into a more prestigious
1580: 767:(三助, lit. three bits of help) who would wash and massage customers of both genders. Unlike the yuna, these male attendants were not known to engage in prostitution. 825:
for faucet). There were two faucets, one for hot water and one for cold water, and the customer mixed the water in their bucket according to their personal taste.
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Meanwhile, the price for children to enter had remained unchanged, but in 2022 the price for 6- to 11-year-olds rose to ¥200 while younger children to ¥100.
133:, however, are very similar to the layout shown on the right. The entrance from the outside looks somewhat similar to a temple, with a Japanese curtain (暖簾, 258: 1102: 498:
or hot springs, the water contains minerals and many people do not rinse off the water from the skin, to increase exposure to the minerals. In a regular
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Furthermore, another law for segregated bathing was passed in 1890, allowing only children below the age of 8 to join a parent of the opposite sex.
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from far away. After World War II, Tokyo often had power outages when all bathhouse owners turned on the electric water heating at the same time.
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In Japan, it is customary to remove one's shoes when entering a private home. Similarly, shoes are removed before entering the bathing area in a
324:, electricity, or be fuelled by wood chippings or any other suitable fuel source. The tall chimneys of the boilers are often used to locate the 2854: 2849: 2839: 1573: 250: 198:
is usually a utility door, to be used by the attendants only. The dressing room is approximately 10 m by 10 m, sometimes partly covered with
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that do have access to a hot spring will often differentiate themselves by having "natural hot spring" (天然温泉) somewhere on their signage.
674:). These mixed-sex bath houses were only vaguely similar to modern bathhouses. After entering the bath, there was a changing room called 550:
to its baths. At the cost of higher levels of chlorine, bacteria outbreaks are practically non-existent at sentō facilities of today.
151:ゆ. After the entrance, there is an area with shoe lockers, followed by two long curtains or doors, one on each side. These lead to the 462:
products, powder, creams, etc. Some regular customers store their bucket of bathing equipment on open shelves in the dressing room.
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The origins of the Japanese sentō and the Japanese bathing culture, in general, can be traced to the Shinto ritual purification of
430:" when they get into the bath. It means something to the level of divine pleasure; it is a good feeling for the body and the soul. 642:, lit. steam bath). While initially these baths were only used by priests, sick people gradually also gained access, until in the 979: 172: 30: 269:
The bathing area is separated from the changing area by a sliding door to keep the heat in the bath. An exception are baths in
1357: 2831: 295:, usually at least two or three with different water temperatures, and maybe a 'denki buro' (電気風呂, electric bath). In the 898:
and try to offer a wider variety of services beyond the standard two or three bathtubs. They may include a variety of
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At ¥300 per adult, the cheapest prefectures to sentō baths are in Yamagata, Tokushima, Nagasaki, Ōita, and Miyazaki.
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where customers pay for entrance. Traditionally these bathhouses have been quite utilitarian, with a tall barrier
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for the men and women respectively. The men's and the women's sides are very similar and differ only slightly.
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Contributing to the popularity of public baths in the Edo period were female bathing attendants were known as
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regions of Japan respectively. In Edo (present-day Tokyo), bathhouses contained sizable pools and were called
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public baths, out of the theory that physical proximity/intimacy brings emotional intimacy, which is termed
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bathhouses, and subsequently, the number of bathhouses is decreasing. Some Japanese young people today are
809:(1912–1926), tiles gradually replaced wooden floors and walls in new bathhouses. On September 1, 1923, the 190:
is a rectangular or horseshoe-shaped platform with a railing, usually around 1.5 to 1.8 m high. Above the
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and contains lockers for clothes. Often, there is a large shelf storing equipment for regular customers.
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to be seen naked and avoid public baths for this reason. Some Japanese are concerned that without the "
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A group of young men walk past a typical community bath in the Kitakagaya neighborhood of Osaka, Japan.
727:(湯屋, lit. hot water shop). In Osaka, however, bathing establishments were primarily steam baths called 1540: 2894: 2889: 1552: 906:
and may even have a water slide. They may also offer services beyond mere cleansing, and turn into a
1808: 635: 376: 1633: 1174: 1011:"Japanese Bathhouses | Guide | Travel Japan - Japan National Tourism Organization (Official Site)" 369: 233:. The women's side usually has some baby beds and may have more mirrors. The decoration and the 2142: 2218: 1590: 1082:"Sento Art: Public Bath House Paintings | PingMag : Art, Design, Life – from Japan" 1034: 974: 2792: 2785: 2417: 2123: 1646: 1150: 922:
entertainment complex. There are also entire bathhouse theme parks, including restaurants,
2010: 8: 2749: 2184: 1927: 1698: 1010: 1537:—Interactive Google map of Japanese baths with easy-to-read icons, pictures, and reviews 1381: 1198: 2322: 735: 270: 61: 1300: 894:
Other bathhouses with less pristine buildings or settings change into so-called super
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the height scale may go only to 180  cm. Local business often advertises in the
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visited Japan in 1853 and 1854—drawing question to the morality of the practice.
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Baths in Japan were usually found in Buddhist temples. These baths were called
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stone, toothbrush, toothpaste, shaving equipment, combs, shower caps, pomade,
2878: 1977: 1971: 1854: 1829: 1815: 1781: 1760: 1746: 1680: 1626: 1612: 1467: 867: 696: 300: 97: 1801: 1059: 482:) and the women's door usually has a pink color and the kanji for woman (女, 2799: 2715: 1673: 1347: 1322: 1240: 846: 791: 746: 558: 210: 108: 2197: 2080: 2055: 1619: 964: 833: 536:
Japanese public baths have experienced infrequent outbreaks of dangerous
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for faucet), one for hot water and one for cold water, and a showerhead.
234: 65: 2163: 2722: 2694: 2660: 2048: 2024: 712: 538: 383: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 305: 93: 2646: 2329: 685: 682: 679: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 631: 628: 625: 617: 614: 2813: 2708: 2674: 2468: 2396: 2211: 2191: 1881: 634:, lit. big hot water shop). These baths were most often steam baths ( 459: 239: 2336: 358: 2628: 2517: 2503: 2489: 2461: 2454: 2436: 2267: 2253: 2232: 2170: 2093: 2003: 1324:
The Shinto Cult: A Christian Study of the Ancient Religion of Japan
943: 911: 871: 754: 593:. This condition can be remedied through purification rites called 547: 420: 167: 148: 71: 2586: 2565: 2364: 2350: 2343: 2308: 2260: 2225: 2667: 2653: 2600: 2579: 2538: 2524: 2510: 2315: 2149: 2100: 2086: 1895: 1732: 1707: 1640: 923: 907: 903: 874:" of mutual nakedness, children will not be properly socialized. 763: 654:
The first mentioning of a commercial bathhouse is in 1266 in the
505: 451: 292: 139:) across the entrance. The curtain is usually blue and shows the 1848: 1822: 2621: 2572: 2496: 2410: 2357: 2301: 2246: 2239: 2177: 2135: 1957: 1950: 1652: 969: 931: 720: 594: 590: 524: 455: 206: 199: 21: 2613: 2607: 2593: 2531: 2482: 2424: 2371: 2156: 1983: 1964: 1902: 1659: 1522: 989: 899: 814: 620:, lit. hot water shop), or later when they increased in size 598: 475: 443: 341: 296: 140: 135: 88: 53: 1546: 1534: 2820: 2701: 2545: 2475: 959: 447: 320:), where the water is heated. The boiler may be powered by 179:
315 still have the more traditional bandai-style entrance.
942:.) Some of these modern facilities may require the use of 1528: 715:(1603–1867), there were two types of baths common to the 528:(officially called the "violence groups" by the police). 225:(1 kan = 1000 monme = 3.75 kg). Similarly, in old 1439:
Cathedrals of the Flesh: In Search of the Perfect Bath
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Bathing in an Agricultural School in Japan around 1920
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is usually a large clock. Immediately in front of the
1588: 1424:(Reprint) San Bernardino, Calif.: Borgo Press, 1989. 731:(蒸し風呂, lit. steam bath) that had only shallow pools. 103: 522:original reason behind the ban was to keep out the 770:Mixed-sex bathing was prohibited once again after 1504:. Tokyo; New York: Kodansha International, 2006. 604: 542:bacteria. In order to prevent such problems, the 2876: 1382:"人気は吉原以上! 江戸で激増した性的サービスを行う銭湯「湯女風呂」 (2018年1月24日)" 316:Behind the bathing area is the boiler room (釜場, 125:There are many different layouts for a Japanese 36: 1489:. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, Publisher, 2001. 1474:. Berkeley, Calif.: Stone Bridge Press, 1992. 1456:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. 1035:"Lamenting the decline of Japanese bathhouses" 45: 1574: 64:within one large room, a minimum of lined-up 1502:Getting Wet: Adventures in the Japanese Bath 1413:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Capra Press, 1978. 926:and other entertainment, as for example the 914:, fitness centers, etc., as for example the 946:and are similar in size and function to an 502:, people usually rinse off at the faucets. 1581: 1567: 465: 399:Learn how and when to remove this message 1352:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1008: 856: 832: 781: 695: 557: 504: 257: 249: 166: 107: 86:Another type of Japanese public bath is 20: 1345: 980:Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum 930:(大江戸温泉物語, Big Edo Hot Spring Story) in 173:Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum 147:, lit. hot water) or the corresponding 112:General floor layout of a sentō with a 31:Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum 2877: 1009:Organization, Japan National Tourism. 92:, which uses hot water from a natural 1562: 1320: 1156:. Tokyo Sento Association. 2019-11-15 182:Inside, between the entrances is the 1485:Smith, Bruce, and Yoshiko Yamamoto. 910:, offering medical baths, massages, 381:adding citations to reliable sources 352: 186:(番台), where the attendant sits. The 155:(脱衣場, changing room), also known as 1103:"Please enjoy Japanese public bath" 902:, reintroduce steam baths, include 442:requires at a bare minimum a small 16:Type of Japanese communal bathhouse 13: 1543:—Tokyo Travel Guide, Sunnypages.jp 1441:. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2003. 1403: 734:At the end of the Edo period, the 649: 426:It is common to hear people say, " 14: 2911: 1516: 1079: 489: 129:or public bath. Most traditional 104:Layout and architectural features 2740:Architectural Institute of Japan 1847: 1241:"都内の銭湯430円に−原油高騰で6年ぶり値上げ - 平民新聞" 357: 162: 120: 2770:Groups of Traditional Buildings 1525:—Guide to public baths in Japan 1374: 1339: 1314: 1301:"シビックランド日成 (Civic Land Nissei)" 1293: 1272: 1254: 1233: 1212: 777: 368:needs additional citations for 291:At the end of the room are the 245: 1549:—Guide to super sento in Japan 1541:Search for Sento (Public Bath) 1321:Terry, Milton Spenser (2013). 1191: 1167: 1143: 1119: 1095: 1073: 1052: 1027: 1002: 605:Nara period to Kamakura period 311: 1: 2745:Japan Institute of Architects 995: 828: 800: 691: 531: 1243:. D.hatena.ne.jp. 2006-05-10 1199:"Onsen Warnings and Hassles" 433: 348: 7: 1531:—Public bathhouses in Japan 1472:How to Take a Japanese Bath 1454:Japan, a View from the Bath 1262:"東京都内の銭湯、入浴料金が450円に20円の値上げ" 1127:"Look! Before you go in..." 953: 821:(カラン, after the Dutch word 37: 10: 2916: 1845: 1346:Kasulis, Thomas P (2004). 852: 584: 562:Interior of a modern sentō 553: 516: 438:Taking a bath at a public 221:(匁, 1 monme = 3.75 g) and 2830: 2765: 2758: 2732: 2684: 2638: 2555: 2446: 2388: 2284: 2110: 2073: 1993: 1926: 1919: 1868: 1861: 1791: 1697: 1690: 1604: 1597: 1222:(in Japanese). 2022-07-15 1179:experience-suginami.tokyo 1132:. Tokyo Sento Association 1108:. Tokyo Sento Association 877: 79:Japanese. Others go to a 46: 1555:—Ota Tourist Association 1151:"Tokyo Sento Guide Book" 805:At the beginning of the 711:At the beginning of the 331: 703:("Bathhouse Women") by 466:Entrance and undressing 2111:Structural and spatial 1039:The World Of Interiors 882:While the traditional 862: 842: 837:Entrance of a typical 811:great Kantō earthquake 787: 708: 563: 513: 266: 255: 175: 117: 33: 2900:Public baths in Japan 2885:Architecture in Japan 1591:Japanese architecture 1327:. Project Gutenberg. 1175:"experience SUGINAMI" 975:Taiwanese hot springs 936:Ōedo Onsen Monogatari 928:Ōedo Onsen Monogatari 860: 836: 785: 699: 561: 508: 261: 253: 211:Japanese-style toilet 170: 111: 24: 1647:Imperial Crown Style 1349:Shinto: the way home 985:Hot springs in Japan 934:, Tokyo. (Note: The 377:improve this article 62:separating the sexes 2750:Metabolist Movement 2832:National Treasures 2647:Chōzuya (Temizuya) 1535:www.OnsenJapan.net 863: 843: 788: 736:Tokugawa shogunate 709: 656:Nichiren Goshoroku 564: 514: 428:gokuraku, gokuraku 267: 256: 209:with a pond and a 176: 118: 34: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2206:Nightingale floor 2130:Disordered piling 2069: 2068: 2065: 2064: 1862:Types of building 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1547:Super Sento Guide 1487:The Japanese Bath 1359:978-0-8248-6430-9 1201:. Japan-onsen.com 948:indoor water park 409: 408: 401: 281:, カラン, after the 2907: 2895:Culture of Japan 2890:Bathing in Japan 2860:Other structures 2763: 2762: 1924: 1923: 1866: 1865: 1851: 1695: 1694: 1602: 1601: 1583: 1576: 1569: 1560: 1559: 1500:Talmadge, Eric. 1409:Aaland, Mikkel. 1397: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1303:. 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2617:) 2381:) 1726:) 1582:e 1575:t 1568:v 1512:. 1497:. 1482:. 1464:. 1449:. 1432:. 1395:. 1370:. 1335:. 1310:. 1289:. 1268:. 1250:. 1229:. 1208:. 1187:. 1163:. 1139:. 1115:. 1091:. 1069:. 1048:. 1023:. 686:場 683:衣 680:脱 678:( 672:録 669:書 666:御 663:蓮 660:日 658:( 632:屋 629:湯 626:大 624:( 618:屋 615:湯 613:( 450:/ 402:) 396:( 391:) 387:( 373:. 277:( 50:) 44:(

Index


Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum
Japanese
bathhouse
separating the sexes
faucets
skinship
pseudo-English
onsen
hot spring
Kansai

noren
kanji
hiragana

Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum
tatami sheets
garden
Japanese-style toilet
advertising
ice cream


Okinawa
Dutch word
bathtubs
Osaka
Kansai
Mount Fuji

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