237:
86:
118:
265:
246:
169:
95:
140:
131:
274:
211:
29:
149:
202:
220:
256:
160:
510:, and it is sometimes difficult to determine if a detail was amended by the compiler. His account, written contemporaneously with events, only covers the years 1228–33, 1236, and 1241–42. He wrote the last part of his account between 1242 and 1247, adding interpolations until as late as 1258. It is Philip that gives the name "Longuebars" (Lombards) to the imperialists.
484:. Alice promptly began ruling as if queen, ignoring Conrad, who was in Italy, and ordering Filangieri arrested. After a long siege, Tyre fell on 12 June. The Ibelins seized its citadel on 7 or 10 July, with the help of Alice, whose forces arrived on 15 June. Only the Ibelins could claim to be the winners of the war.
345:
until her death in 1228. That year he arrived first in Cyprus, where he antagonised the nobles, and then in
Jerusalem, where he stayed until 1229, leaving in humiliating circumstances after having produced an anti-imperial reaction in the people. In 1231 he sent
796:
521:, who arrived in Acre shortly before Alice's election as regent, wrote a report of conditions and recent events in the Levant for his masters in Venice. It is preserved in a manuscript of 1246 and in the fourteenth-century
500:, which is a highly partisan account favouring the Ibelins. Philip was an active participant in and eyewitness of many of the events he describes. In the 1240s he was handsomely rewarded in money and fiefs by Alice. His
791:
409:
by
Frederick. So long as the Ibelins controlled the opposition, Filangieri could count on the support of their enemies as well. The Italian cities were also divided between the two factions:
781:
449:
The first major battle of the war took place at Casal Imbert in May 1232. Filangieri defeated the
Ibelins. In June, however, he was so soundly defeated by an inferior force at the
656:
According to Jacoby, 83–84, the date of 1242 comes from Philip of Novara, while the date of 1243 is an extrapolation from Conrad's birth year (1228).
533:
presents a few details with regards to the beginning of Conrad's rule and the end of
Frederick's regency that cannot be found elsewhere. According to him,
776:
541:, left for the Holy Land in June 1242 in connexion with Conrad's assumption of power to be the king's representative in the East. He also mentions that
472:. He never assumed it. In 1242 or 1243 Conrad declared his own majority and on 5 June the absentee monarch's regency was granted by the High Court to
731:
766:
437:
with their headquarters at the church of Saint Andrew's in order to unify their opposition to
Filangieri. In 1232 John of Ibelin was elected its
665:
Tyerman, 726, explains that only the
Ibelins "gained" from the war, for their position at its conclusion was stronger than at its commencement.
811:
786:
726:
771:
801:
461:
629:
The chronology of the opposition leadership is given in
Tyerman, 725. According to Jackson, 20, the communal party was moderate.
355:
268:
381:
supported
Filangieri. In general his rights as regent were recognised but his practical power was denied on the basis of the
559:
Bromiley, Geoffrey N. (1977). "Philip of Novara's
Account of the War Between Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and the Ibelins".
351:
236:
85:
363:
277:
240:
806:
721:
358:, who had been regent until Frederick's arrival. On John's death in 1236 the war was taken up by his son
638:
A summary description of the factions and the territories they controlled can be found in
Tyerman, 726.
584:
Jacoby, David (1986). "The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Collapse of Hohenstaufen Power in the Levant".
570:
761:
756:
751:
468:, a cousin of Philip of Montfort, and a relative through marriage to both the Hohenstaufen and the
342:
542:
506:
481:
386:
121:
746:
741:
736:
530:
586:
326:
604:
469:
382:
322:
302:
294:
173:
99:
58:
405:. He also held the Holy City of Jerusalem itself, which had been negotiated away from the
8:
378:
347:
143:
514:
473:
259:
249:
117:
264:
534:
465:
426:
414:
398:
338:
314:
298:
205:
194:
163:
125:
89:
54:
493:
477:
450:
434:
410:
402:
374:
359:
245:
168:
152:
139:
134:
94:
301:
between the "Lombards" (also called the imperialists), the representatives of the
370:
214:
130:
691:
674:
The relevant criticism of Philip's history can be found in Jacoby, 84–85.
518:
273:
210:
28:
797:
Military history of the Crusader states between the Sixth and Seventh Crusades
715:
527:, but is a less precise, though more contemporaneous, account than Philip's.
390:
341:—and as such claimed suzerainty over Cyprus—in right of his wife
310:
105:
430:
179:
683:
Jacoby, 85–86, provides an analysis of Zorzi's value to historians.
148:
523:
453:
in Cyprus that his support on the island dwindled to zero within a year.
549:
in September 1242 and intervened on behalf of the defeated Filangieri.
394:
201:
219:
457:
290:
110:
504:
is generally trusted but is contained in a later compilation called
406:
306:
255:
159:
318:
538:
418:
223:
184:
792:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
546:
438:
422:
317:. The war was provoked by Frederick's attempt to control the
189:
782:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia
354:. His attempt to assert his authority was opposed by
573:(1986). "The End of Hohenstaufen Rule in Syria".
713:
69:Victory of anti-Imperial faction of local barons
309:, and the Eastern aristocracy led first by the
690:baiulus in Syria Venetorum, iussi domini duci
498:The Wars of Frederick II Against the Ibelins
369:Though the ecclesiastical hierarchy and the
688:
777:Wars involving the Principality of Antioch
599:Warfare in the Latin East, 1192–1291
366:assumed the leadership of the opposition.
27:
609:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
601:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
492:The chief primary source for the War is
433:. In 1231 the citizens of Acre formed a
732:Wars involving the Kingdom of Jerusalem
325:. Frederick and Conrad represented the
767:Wars involving the Knights Hospitaller
714:
356:John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
812:Wars involving the Republic of Genoa
787:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
727:Wars involving the Kingdom of Cyprus
417:the Ibelins. The Ibelins controlled
696:. His report was completed in 1244.
13:
772:Wars involving the Knights Templar
487:
14:
823:
802:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
272:
263:
254:
244:
235:
218:
209:
200:
167:
158:
147:
138:
129:
116:
93:
84:
33:Map of the Crusader states, 1240
456:In 1241 the barons offered the
699:
677:
668:
659:
650:
641:
632:
623:
597:Marshall, Christopher (1992).
429:as well as the old capital of
1:
552:
393:and he had the allegiance of
172:Anti-Imperial faction in the
567::4, pp. 325–337.
373:supported the nobility, the
98:Pro-Imperial faction in the
7:
581::139, pp. 20–36.
561:Journal of Medieval History
389:. His headquarters were in
10:
828:
332:
444:
413:supported Filangieri and
229:
77:
37:
26:
21:
16:War in Levant (1228–1243)
616:
611:. London: Penguin Books.
289:(1228–1243) was a
543:Raymond VII of Toulouse
507:Les gestes des Chiprois
482:Isabella I of Jerusalem
122:Principality of Antioch
807:13th century in Cyprus
689:
531:Richard of San Germano
323:Conrad II of Jerusalem
230:Commanders and leaders
722:13th-century crusades
587:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
260:Queen Alice of Cyprus
605:Tyerman, Christopher
327:Hohenstaufen dynasty
303:Emperor Frederick II
295:Kingdom of Jerusalem
241:Emperor Frederick II
174:Kingdom of Jerusalem
100:Kingdom of Jerusalem
59:Kingdom of Jerusalem
575:Historical Research
545:met the emperor at
379:Knights Hospitaller
348:Riccardo Filangieri
337:Frederick had been
321:for his young son,
287:War of the Lombards
250:Riccardo Filangieri
144:Knights Hospitaller
22:War of the Lombards
685:Marsilius Georgius
364:Philip of Montfort
278:Philip of Montfort
535:Tommaso of Aquino
466:Earl of Leicester
462:Simon de Montfort
399:prince of Antioch
339:King of Jerusalem
299:Kingdom of Cyprus
283:
282:
206:Republic of Genoa
164:Kingdom of Cyprus
126:County of Tripoli
90:Holy Roman Empire
73:
72:
55:Kingdom of Cyprus
819:
706:
703:
697:
695:
687:is described as
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
648:
645:
639:
636:
630:
627:
494:Philip of Novara
480:and daughter of
478:Hugh I of Cyprus
451:Battle of Agridi
403:count of Tripoli
375:Teutonic Knights
313:and then by the
276:
267:
258:
248:
239:
222:
213:
204:
171:
162:
153:Teutonic Knights
151:
142:
135:Republic of Pisa
133:
120:
97:
88:
39:
38:
31:
19:
18:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
818:
817:
816:
762:1240s conflicts
757:1230s conflicts
752:1220s conflicts
712:
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704:
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682:
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619:
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555:
490:
488:Primary sources
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371:Knights Templar
335:
305:, largely from
271:
262:
243:
217:
215:Knights Templar
208:
199:
166:
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61:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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729:
724:
708:
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692:Iacobi Teupoli
676:
667:
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631:
621:
620:
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613:
612:
602:
595:
594::83–101.
582:
571:Jackson, Peter
568:
556:
554:
551:
519:Marsilio Zorzi
489:
486:
446:
443:
397:, who was the
334:
331:
281:
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269:John of Ibelin
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15:
9:
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3:
2:
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748:
747:1240s in Asia
745:
743:
742:1230s in Asia
740:
738:
737:1220s in Asia
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
702:
694:
693:
686:
680:
671:
662:
653:
647:Tyerman, 726.
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497:
491:
470:Plantagenets
455:
448:
368:
336:
286:
284:
157:
83:
78:Belligerents
705:Jacoby, 86.
537:, Count of
524:Liber Albus
476:, widow of
460:of Acre to
343:Isabella II
45:1228 – 1243
716:Categories
553:References
395:Bohemond V
387:High Court
362:. In 1239
458:bailliage
315:Montforts
291:civil war
111:Jerusalem
607:(2006).
515:Venetian
427:Caesarea
407:Saracens
385:and the
307:Lombardy
297:and the
195:Caesarea
50:Location
435:commune
383:Assizes
352:marshal
350:as his
333:Origins
319:regency
311:Ibelins
293:in the
539:Acerra
517:baili
464:, the
445:Course
425:, and
419:Beirut
360:Balian
224:Papacy
185:Beirut
66:Result
617:Notes
547:Melfi
474:Alice
439:mayor
423:Arsuf
415:Genoa
190:Arsuf
513:The
502:Wars
431:Acre
411:Pisa
401:and
391:Tyre
377:and
285:The
180:Acre
124:and
106:Tyre
42:Date
496:'s
718::
592:40
590:,
579:59
577:,
563:,
441:.
421:,
329:.
57:,
565:3
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