563:(洪皓) – another Song envoy similarly detained by the Jurchens – though that it was under Yuwen Xuzhong's influence that a variety of Han Chinese cultural practices entered the Jin dynasty, such as the forms of government organisations, the scale of official ranks, salaries, and hereditary privileges, as well as the rules for assigning
611:
On Aguda's orders, in 1119 or 1120, Wanyan Xiyin created the
Jurchen script, known as the "large-character script", for use in the administration of the new Jurchen (Jin) Empire. He based it on
494:
According to contemporary
Chinese sources, Wanyan Xiyin "was crafted and talented. It was he who personally devised laws and the script for the Jurchen, and thus shaped them into one state (
775:. Wiesbaden, 1975. Reprinted in: Herbert Franke and Hok-lam Chan, "Studies on the Jurchens and the Chin Dynasty", Variorum Collected Series Studies: CS591, Ashgate, 1997.
475:, Wanyan Xiyin was one of the chief advisers to Aguda. He helped Aguda in unifying the various Jurchen tribes under the Wanyan tribe's leadership, and overthrowing the
578:
The instruction offered by Yuwen
Xuzhong and other Han Chinese scholars must have been successful, as Wanyan Xiyin's sons were able to write Chinese poems for
839:
556:
795:
in Pinyin. Franke translates and comments on its
Chapter 3, which deals with the history and customs of the Jurchen people).
819:
459:
Wanyan Xiyin's original
Jurchen name is transcribed in Chinese sources as "Gushen", "Wushi" or "Hushe". He was from the
803:
780:
177:
107:
628:
191:
121:
514:
464:
380:
66:
483:. After Aguda's death, Wanyan Xiyin continued to serve as a civil minister in the imperial court of
597:. Since 1961, they have been listed on the provincial register of the protected historical sites.
559:(宇文虛中; a Song envoy detained by the Jurchens), to advise him and to teach his sons and grandsons.
767:
Herbert Franke, 1997 (I): "Chinese Texts on the
Jurchen (I): a Translation of the Jurchen in the
696:
683:
670:
657:
431:
586:
was high enough for one of them to become one of the first
Jurchens to have a Han Chinese wife.
484:
387:, the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. Described by modern writers as the "Chief
798:
Jing-shen Tao, "The
Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China". University of Washington Press, 1976,
540:
488:
487:, Aguda's younger brother and successor. However, he fell into disgrace during the reign of
383:, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries. He was a chief adviser to
834:
791:
is Xu
Mengxin's "Collected Accounts of the Treaties with the North under Three Reigns", or
468:
384:
467:, but was not in the direct imperial family line. His father was Huandu (歡都), a cousin of
8:
616:
589:
The tombs of Wanyan Xiyin and his family members are said to be located near present-day
612:
572:
753:
379:
noble and civil minister who lived in the founding and early years of the
Jurchen-led
824:
799:
776:
548:
536:
491:, Emperor Taizong's successor, and was eventually forced to commit suicide in 1140.
829:
532:
400:
326:
303:
270:
247:
214:
144:
564:
522:
83:
606:
507:
472:
430:
Concubine Zhao (趙妾趙氏), of the Zhao clan, personal name Fujin (福金), daughter of
396:
376:
813:
476:
583:
568:
517:, notes, this may be the earliest known Chinese document in which the term
480:
424:
Concubine Zhang (章妾章氏), of the Zhang clan, personal name Haolang (好郎)
415:
Consort Li (李次妃 李氏; d. 1110 ), of the Li clan, personal name Shunying (舜英)
368:
333:
277:
221:
151:
79:
552:
392:
784:
506:. This is because he understood changing conditions like a god. From
579:
560:
418:
Concubine Wang (王妾 王氏), of the Wang clan, personal name Mao'er (猫儿)
544:
427:
Concubine Sun (孙妾孙氏), of the Sun clan, personal name Xingnu (星奴)
590:
503:
460:
421:
Concubine Liu (刘妾刘氏), of the Liu clan, personal name Baigu (百古)
391:" of the pre-Jin Jurchen state, he became deeply interested in
388:
88:
594:
395:
culture, and is particularly known as the creator of the
338:
282:
226:
156:
811:
535:, and collected a large library when Jurchens
412:Consort Zheng (正妃 元妃烏古論氏), of the Wugulun clan
471:, the founder of the Jin dynasty. Along with
308:
252:
196:
182:
126:
112:
783:. (The work whose name is transcribed in
498:; 國). The people of the state called him
714:
521:(珊蠻) is attested; it corresponds to the
510:down, nobody was able to be his equal."
447:Wanyan Mandai (完顏漫帶; d.1140), second son
840:Suicides in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
812:
728:
726:
707:
705:
502:(珊蠻); shan-man in Jurchen refers to a
740:
738:
450:Wanyan Tata (完顏挞挞; d.1140), third son
444:Wanyan Bada (完顏把荅; d.1140), first son
641:
723:
702:
13:
735:
14:
851:
756:(Wanyan Xiyin Family Tombs Site)
600:
575:that appear in emperors' names.
513:As the translator of this text,
747:
531:Wanyan Xiyin was fascinated by
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676:
663:
650:
463:tribe, the ruling clan of the
339:
309:
283:
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227:
197:
183:
157:
127:
113:
1:
634:
629:Shamanism in the Qing dynasty
732:Franke 1997(I), pp. 155-156.
711:Franke 1997(I), pp. 150-151.
7:
820:Creators of writing systems
789:San ch'ao pei-meng hui-pien
773:Zantralasiatische Studien 9
769:San ch'ao pei-meng hui-pien
622:
359:(died 1140), also known as
10:
856:
771:. Originally published in
604:
367:, and better known by his
77:
744:Tao (1976), pages 31, 40.
485:Wuqimai (Emperor Taizong)
406:
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793:San chao beimeng huibian
543:, Bianjing (present-day
473:Nianhan (Wanyan Zonghan)
178:Traditional Chinese
108:Traditional Chinese
695:She was a concubine of
682:She was a concubine of
669:She was a concubine of
656:She was a concubine of
454:
381:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
192:Simplified Chinese
122:Simplified Chinese
67:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
720:Franke 1997(I), p. 154
582:. The degree of their
528:("shaman, sorcerer").
647:Tao (1976), Page 95.
551:. He invited several
541:Northern Song dynasty
469:Aguda (Emperor Taizu)
385:Aguda (Emperor Taizu)
567:to emperors and the
397:first writing system
539:the capital of the
613:Chinese characters
555:scholars, led by
537:seized and looted
354:
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327:Standard Mandarin
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533:Chinese classics
401:Jurchen language
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58:Military service
29:Personal details
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607:Jurchen script
605:Main article:
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601:Jurchen script
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595:Jilin Province
571:against using
515:Herbert Franke
489:Emperor Xizong
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297:(Jurchen name)
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209:Transcriptions
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139:Transcriptions
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557:Yuwen Xuzhong
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549:Jin–Song Wars
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40:Wushi (兀室/悟室)
36:
32:
27:
20:
792:
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772:
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758:(in Chinese)
749:
716:
691:
678:
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584:sinicisation
577:
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481:Liao dynasty
458:
437:
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373:Wanyan Xiyin
372:
364:
360:
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355:
334:Hanyu Pinyin
278:Hanyu Pinyin
222:Hanyu Pinyin
158:Wányán Xīyǐn
152:Hanyu Pinyin
98:Wanyan Xiyin
87:
80:Chinese name
23:Wanyan Xiyin
835:1140 deaths
553:Han Chinese
465:Jin dynasty
393:Han Chinese
84:family name
38:Gushen (穀神)
814:Categories
785:Wade-Giles
635:References
573:characters
547:), in the
63:Allegiance
42:Hushe (胡舍)
369:sinicised
825:Jurchens
754:完颜希尹家族墓地
623:See also
615:and the
580:Hong Hao
561:Hong Hao
500:shan-man
399:for the
375:, was a
78:In this
830:Scribes
545:Kaifeng
508:Nianhan
377:Jurchen
304:Chinese
248:Chinese
169:Gushen
45:Unknown
802:
779:
591:Shulan
523:Manchu
519:shaman
504:shaman
477:Khitan
461:Wanyan
438:Issues
407:Family
389:Shaman
357:Gushen
295:Hushe
239:Wushi
228:Gǔshén
89:Wanyan
82:, the
16:Scribe
569:taboo
526:saman
479:-led
371:name
365:Hushe
361:Wushi
340:Húshé
284:Wùshì
254:兀室/悟室
800:ISBN
777:ISBN
455:Life
128:完颜希尹
114:完顏希尹
53:1140
50:Died
34:Born
787:as
496:guo
363:or
86:is
816::
737:^
725:^
704:^
619:.
593:,
440::
403:.
310:胡舍
198:谷神
184:穀神
806:.
699:.
686:.
673:.
660:.
92:.
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