20:
1133:
108:
276:
Many authors interpret
Vojnomir as the Prince of Carniola. One of the arguments is that Carniola was the land just between Friuli and Avaria. Frankish troops passed Carniola, so this land is natural candidate for Vojnomir's homeland. Carniolans also hated their Avarian enemies. There are claims that
260:, it is hard to believe that a leader of a foreign land could be accepted as a Frankish military leader by the Franks; he was probably only an exceptional Slavic individual who made his career in the Frankish army and perhaps he was only a Friulian Slav. According to
89:
resistance, and they conquered many forts. The next year the Avars were defeated and
Frankish power was extended further east, to the central Danube. Vojnomir's leading position in the campaign has been presumed as very possible with regard to the textual analysis of
277:
the ancestors of the Croats were not the subjects of the Franks at this time. The
Carniolans on the other side were already ruled by the Franks from 791 AD with their basic autonomy and the rule of their own domestic princes retained until the rebellion of
256:, it is known that Vojnomir was a military leader. His status as a duke or a prince is not mentioned at all. In the past most of the historians described Vojnomir as one of Slavic dukes or princes in the neighbourhood of Friuli. However, according to
139:. There are three most reliable hypotheses about his origin: the "Pannonian hypothesis", the "Career hypothesis" and the "Carniolan hypothesis". At least two explanations could be read in the context of modern nationalistic mythology:
243:
claimed that
Vojnomir was a Croatian duke who aided Charlemagne's major victory against the Pannonian Avars in 796, after which the Franks were made overlords "over the Croatians of northern Dalmatia, Slavonia and Pannonia".
232:
peacefully accepted limited
Frankish overlordship. Contrary to Croatia, after the death of duke Vojnomir, the former Frankish ally Lower Pannonia led a resistance to Frankish domination under the leadership of duke
818:По мнению В.Поля, Вономир не был самостоятельным правителем, а был лишь славянским выходцем на службе у франков: «славянскому „племенному князю" Эрик, вероятно, не дал бы так легко своих людей в подчинение, ...
281:. Regarding the subordination of the Croat ancestors it was proved only for the Slavs in Dalmatia, whereas the Pannonian Slavs could have been subjected to the Franks already in the year 791.
903:
187:
in 791, successfully driving the Avars out of
Croatia. In return for the help of Charlemagne, Vojnomir was obliged to recognize the Frankish sovereignty and convert to
252:
The military hypothesis claims that
Vojnomir was only a Slav making a career in the Frankish troops. He was not a ruler. From the only reliable contemporary source,
1014:
1194:
896:
99:
His origin and social position are not mentioned in any contemporary medieval source. His identity has been the subject of several hypotheses.
261:
1052:
357:
1007:
115:
Vojnomir remains an enigmatic historical personality. Even the correct reading of his name is unclear. Instead of
Vojnomir the original
1144:
889:
1000:
982:
857:
672:
641:
614:
587:
554:
515:
404:
1204:
1199:
1179:
1174:
135:. Some authors interpret Vojnomir as having been a Croatian duke, a military leader of the Frankish army, or the prince of
222:
and
Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire settle their imperial boundaries in 803. Following these events, known as the
811:
785:
754:
702:
1184:
507:
Ozemlje
Slovenije v zgodnjem srednjem veku: Osnovne poteze zgodovinskega razvoja od začetka 6. do konca 9. stoletja.
849:
Ozemlje Slovenije v zgodnjem srednjem veku: osnovne poteze zgodovinskega razvoja od začetka 6. do konca 9. stoletja
694:
945:
939:
211:
128:
1189:
777:
19:
505:
for example W. Pohl, H. Krahwinkler, R. Bratož, F. Kos, M. Kos, B. Grafenauer. In: Štih, Peter (2001).
1169:
1023:
933:
278:
240:
46:, who ruled from c. 790 to c. 800 or from 791 to c. 810 over an area that corresponds to modern-day
1164:
1132:
913:
168:
92:
43:
310:
364:
1048:
631:
604:
579:
394:
58:
23:
Before the attack on the Avars, the Friulian-Slavic army receives a blessing from Paulinus II
1085:
1067:
771:
107:
8:
1121:
1115:
1109:
429:
773:
The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century
1103:
1091:
665:
572:
327:
1079:
853:
807:
781:
750:
698:
637:
610:
583:
400:
234:
207:
881:
1097:
1042:
1031:
229:
219:
179:; according to Francis Dvornik, he launched a joint counterattack with the help of
86:
549:
510:
868:
847:
801:
726:
660:
558:
519:
172:
148:
992:
195:
66:
171:
from ca. 790 to 800 or from 791 to ca. 810. He is believed to have fought the
1158:
224:
257:
1061:
215:
199:
188:
127:) could also be read as Zvonimir, just like the name of the Croatian king
342:
184:
290:
803:
Corpus testimoniorum vetustissimorum ad historiam slavicam pertinentium
749:(in Croatian). Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. pp. 63–64.
509:
Ljubljana, Filozofska fakulteta. Page 41-42; and in: Grafenauer Bogo:
1073:
82:
140:
136:
70:
47:
485:
155:
authors are prone to support the Pannonian or the Istrian origin.
962:
176:
144:
51:
633:
Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe
265:
180:
152:
74:
968:
875:
History of Slovenes from immigration to the fifteenth century
606:
Icons of the Middle Ages: Rulers, Writers, Rebels, and Saints
78:
39:
308:
16:
Military commander and Duke of the Slavs in Lower Pannonia
532:
Nemirni Balkan: Zgodovinski pregled od 6. Do 18. Stoletja
81:, where they pillaged the Avars' dominions. According to
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
264:, Vojnomir could also have been a military leader from
763:
163:
According to the Pannonian hypothesis, Vojnomir was a
911:
450:. Zagreb, Nakladni zavod matice Hrvatske. pp. 304-305
453:
42:
military commander in Frankish service, the duke of
870:
Istorija Slovenaca od doseljenja do petnaestog veka
806:. Издательская фирма "Восточная лит-ра" РАН. 1995.
433:. Ljubljana, Leonova družba. Case 293, pg. 325-327.
740:
738:
736:
664:
602:
571:
569:
175:during their occupation of what is today northern
1022:
1156:
491:Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru
831:Zgodovina Slovencev od naselitve do reformacije
733:
655:
653:
852:. Filozofska Fakulteta, Oddelek za Zgodovino.
833:. Ljubljana, Jugoslovanska knjigarna. Str. 64.
431:Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku
151:are prone to support the Carniolan origin and
1195:Converts to Christianity from pagan religions
1008:
897:
684:
682:
629:
563:
716:
714:
691:The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe
650:
596:
388:
386:
384:
111:Map showing the growth of the Frankish power
623:
501:
499:
1015:
1001:
904:
890:
679:
636:. Oxford University Press. pp. 533–.
448:Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara
392:
194:On Christmas Day in 800, a year after the
866:
711:
381:
496:
315:. University of California. p. 230.
106:
18:
659:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
396:The Land Between: A History of Slovenia
302:
271:
158:
1157:
479:
477:
349:
996:
885:
744:
688:
673:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
544:
542:
540:
340:
325:
309:Mediaeval Academy of America (1945).
845:
769:
720:
468:
442:
440:
413:
247:
474:
355:
69:, sent Vojnomir with his army into
65:(Vojnomir the Slav) active in 795.
13:
537:
147:authors from the Austrian part of
14:
1216:
1145:Rulers of Slavs in Lower Pannonia
437:
1131:
723:The Great Medieval Civilizations
695:University of Pennsylvania Press
345:. Croatian Biographical Lexicon.
823:
794:
770:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991).
578:. Pelican Publishing. pp.
524:
85:they were not met with serious
630:Peter Heather (4 March 2010).
399:. Peter Lang. pp. 94–95.
334:
319:
1:
1039:Unnamed (c. 635–c. 660)
1024:Early medieval Croatian dukes
983:Early medieval Croatian dukes
296:
102:
956:Primarily north of the Drava
921:Primarily south of the Drava
778:University of Michigan Press
747:Povijest Hrvata: Knjiga Prva
489:. From: Šanjek Franjo (ur):
7:
1205:9th-century Croatian people
1200:8th-century Croatian people
1180:9th-century dukes in Europe
1175:8th-century dukes in Europe
609:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 162–.
603:Lister M. Matheson (2012).
570:Milos M. Vujnovich (1974).
284:
10:
1221:
839:
534:. Ljubljana, DZS. Page 47.
1140:
1129:
1030:
978:
955:
920:
745:Klaić, Vjekoslav (1985).
486:Tko je ubio vojvodu Erika
557:August 23, 2011, at the
167:(duke or prince) of the
914:Slavs in Lower Pannonia
254:Annales regni Francorum
208:"Emperor of the Romans"
202:crowned Charlemagne as
169:Slavs in Lower Pannonia
93:Annales regni Francorum
44:Slavs in Lower Pannonia
689:Riché, Pierre (1993).
574:Yugoslavs in Louisiana
212:Saint Peter's Basilica
131:has been corrupted in
112:
24:
1185:Vlastimirović dynasty
1045:(c. 660–c. 680)
721:Wiet, Gaston (1975).
530:Voje, Ignacij(1994).
483:Nenad, Labus (2000):
341:Lučić, Josip (1998).
326:Lučić, Josip (2019).
110:
59:Royal Frankish Annals
22:
846:Štih, Peter (2001).
446:Šišić Ferdo (1902).
330:. Encyclopedia LZMK.
272:Carniolan hypothesis
159:Pannonian hypothesis
1190:History of Slavonia
1100:(?) (876–878)
493:. Sv. 42. Page. 10.
393:Oto Luthar (2008).
204:Imperator Romanorum
61:makes mention of a
971:(c. 861–876)
965:(c. 846–861)
942:(c. 829–838)
936:(c. 810–823)
930:(c. 790–810)
867:Milko Kos (1960).
829:Kos Milko (1933).
518:2011-08-23 at the
428:Kos Milko (1902):
183:troops under King
129:Demetrius Zvonimir
113:
25:
1152:
1151:
990:
989:
859:978-961-227-084-1
643:978-0-19-975272-0
616:978-0-313-34080-2
589:978-1-4556-1455-4
548:Grafenauer Bogo:
471:, pp. 41–42.
406:978-3-631-57011-1
358:"Croatian Rulers"
248:Career hypothesis
235:Ljudevit Posavski
63:Wonomyrus Sclavus
1212:
1170:Dukes of Croatia
1135:
1057:
1054:
1032:Duchy of Croatia
1017:
1010:
1003:
994:
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877:]. Prosveta.
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363:. Archived from
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230:Duchy of Croatia
220:Byzantine Empire
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1211:
1210:
1209:
1165:Slavic warriors
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1136:
1127:
1124:(910–928)
1118:(892–900)
1112:(879–892)
1106:(878–879)
1094:(864–876)
1088:(845–864)
1082:(835–845)
1070:(821–835)
1064:(810–821)
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727:Allen and Unwin
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559:Wayback Machine
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173:Pannonian Avars
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149:Austria-Hungary
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17:
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786:
780:. p. 78.
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73:, between the
67:Eric of Friuli
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1076:(c. 823)
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813:9785020178090
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787:0-472-08149-7
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756:9788640100519
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704:0-8122-1342-4
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370:on 2016-03-03
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948:(c. 882–896)
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372:. Retrieved
365:the original
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216:Nicephorus I
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200:Pope Leo III
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189:Christianity
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62:
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1056: 800s
262:Nenad Labus
185:Charlemagne
1159:Categories
1143:See also:
981:See also:
912:Rulers of
374:2007-10-05
297:References
258:Peter Štih
103:Hypotheses
1086:Trpimir I
1074:Ljudemisl
1068:Vladislav
667:The Slavs
469:Štih 2001
133:Svinimiro
125:Uuonomyro
121:Uuonomiro
83:Milko Kos
36:Vonomir I
1122:Tomislav
1116:Muncimir
1110:Branimir
1049:Višeslav
934:Ljudevit
928:Vojnomir
663:(1956).
555:Archived
551:Vojnomir
516:Archived
512:Vojnomir
312:Speculum
291:Višeslav
285:See also
279:Ljudevit
241:Fine Jr.
181:Frankish
153:Croatian
137:Carniola
117:Wonomyro
71:Pannonia
48:Slavonia
32:Voynomir
28:Vojnomir
1104:Zdeslav
1092:Domagoj
963:Pribina
946:Braslav
940:Ratimir
840:Sources
343:"Erich"
328:"Erich"
218:of the
177:Croatia
141:Slovene
52:Croatia
1080:Mislav
856:
810:
784:
753:
701:
640:
613:
586:
403:
266:Istria
228:, the
198:, the
145:German
75:Danube
40:Slavic
38:was a
1098:Iljko
1062:Borna
1043:Porga
969:Kocel
873:[
368:(PDF)
361:(PDF)
210:) in
79:Tisza
1051:(?;
854:ISBN
808:ISBN
782:ISBN
751:ISBN
699:ISBN
638:ISBN
611:ISBN
584:ISBN
401:ISBN
165:knez
143:and
87:Avar
77:and
57:The
1053:fl.
582:–.
34:or
1161::
816:.
776:.
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725:.
713:^
697:.
693:.
681:^
671:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
