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The best estimate that can currently be made of the number of repression deaths in 1937–38 is the range 950,000–1.2 million, i.e . about a million. This is the estimate which should be used by historians, teachers and journalists concerned with twentieth century
Russian—and
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791:"First council of people's Commiserate based on the original Soviet decree by Lenin. "Verified by edition: Decrees of the Soviet government. T.I. Moscow, State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1957.""
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for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". The constitution enabled the
Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the Congress was not in session. The Congress would
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The first council elected by the Second All-Russian congress was composed by the following 14 members. Eight of the men were executed and one died in prison during the late 1930s, a time of the
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Traditionally, the executive part of a government is directed by a council of ministers nominated by a ruler or by a president. The
Bolsheviks considered this to be a
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Each People's
Commissar was head of commissariat and had several deputies and a collegium, which functioned as a deliberative body to advise the commissar.
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The government was formally called the
Council of People's Commissars (Совет народных коммиссаров), abbreviated as Sovnarkom (Совнарком).
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in 1922, state powers of this institution of the RSFSR were somewhat superseded by the
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institution, and wanted to create what they believed was a new government made up of a 'soviet' of workers and peasants.
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The
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, also elected by the Congress, had a function similar to that of a
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recognized the success of the uprising, and formally established the new government, reflecting the capture of the
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Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
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and leader of the USSR. Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico in 1940.
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The Consul
General at Moscow (Summers) to the Secretary of State
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The decree of the
Council of the People's Commissars on the ...
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Government of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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The role and structure of the Sovnarkom was formalized in the
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People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Interior Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR
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People's Commissariat for Naval Affairs of the RSFSR
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559:People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the RSFSR
324:The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (
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624:People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR
744:People's Commissariat for Railways of the RSFSR
373:. On the next day, 8 November 1917, the Second
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806:"Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments"
699:People's Commissariat for Labour of the RSFSR
300:became the head of the new government of the
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338:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
302:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
280:An early Sovnarkom decree, introducing the "
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489:. The first Chairman of the Sovnarkom was
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511:General Secretary of the Communist Party
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43:This article includes a list of general
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1107:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
342:Declaration of the Creation of the USSR
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1047:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
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1010:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
479:these decrees at its next session.
239:Alexander Kerensky's Second Cabinet
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1132:Council of the People's Commissars
400:names, thereby avoiding the more "
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330:Совет народных комиссаров РСФСР
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1757:Russian Provisional Government
1571:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1112:Russian Provisional Government
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639:People's Commissariat for Food
468:1918 Constitution of the RSFSR
359:Russian Provisional Government
320:Council of People's Commissars
306:Council of People's Commissars
223:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
160:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
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2339:1917 establishments in Russia
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18:Vladimir Lenin's Cabinet
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451:, abbreviated to narkomat).
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1032:Latvian War of Independence
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357:conspired to overthrow the
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1611:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
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1122:Pro-independence movements
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544:Administrator of Affairs
137:People and organisations
993:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
766:Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov
64:more precise citations.
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249:Alexei Rykov's Cabinet
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1964:of the Russian SFSR
1961:Council of Ministers
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1654:Government of Russia
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568:Died in prison 1937
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334:governmental cabinet
202:Priamurye Government
1248:Union of October 17
1067:Kronstadt rebellion
1062:Workers' Opposition
937:February Revolution
813:Europe-Asia Studies
629:Anatoly Lunacharsky
522:Original incumbent
519:People's Commissar
472:Congress of Soviets
449:Narodny komissariat
369:units captured the
2349:Soviet governments
1516:Stepan Petrichenko
1440:Alexander Kerensky
952:October Revolution
912:Russian Revolution
752:(at first vacant)
663:Assassinated 1940
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235:Incoming formation
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872:, Yale University
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124:8 November, 1917
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118:
117:
99:
98:
95:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2361:
2350:
2347:
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2316:
2312:
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2308:
2299:
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2259:
2256:
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2240:
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2200:
2195:
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2175:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2110:Vorotnikov II
2108:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2078:Solomentsev I
2076:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1998:Chernousov II
1996:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1925:
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1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:International
1557:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Viktor Bilash
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Nestor Makhno
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Mark Natanson
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Yakov Blumkin
1466:
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1457:
1451:
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1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Joseph Stalin
1390:
1388:
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1378:
1375:
1373:
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1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1349:Lavr Kornilov
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Pyotr Krasnov
1337:
1335:
1334:Anton Denikin
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:Pyotr Wrangel
1322:
1321:
1319:
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1313:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
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1294:
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1128:
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1118:
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1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1086:
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1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
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1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
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1055:
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1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
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996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
969:
963:
962:Junker mutiny
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
928:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
883:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
855:
851:
850:D.B. Riazonov
846:
839:
838:world—history
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
800:
792:
786:
782:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:Joseph Stalin
717:
715:
712:
711:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
599:Pavel Dybenko
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
585:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
529:
528:
524:
521:
518:
517:
514:
512:
508:
507:Joseph Stalin
504:
494:
492:
488:
483:
480:
478:
473:
469:
464:
462:
452:
450:
447:, translit.:
442:
438:
434:
431:, translit.:
426:
422:
419:The People's
417:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:Winter Palace
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
327:
317:
315:
311:
310:Joseph Stalin
307:
303:
299:
295:
287:
283:
278:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
214:
211:
207:
203:
198:
193:
192:Ufa Directory
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
105:
100:
93:
84:
81:
73:
70:December 2016
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2301:(since 2024)
2298:Mishustin II
2170:(since 1993)
2102:Vorotnikov I
2046:Polyansky II
1990:Chernousov I
1878:
1868:Russian SFSR
1800:Kerensky III
1715:Goremykin II
1531:Fedir Shchus
1473:Boris Kamkov
1417:Alexei Rykov
1382:Leon Trotsky
1169:Green armies
1159:Black Guards
845:
836:
816:
812:
799:
785:
770:Typhus 1928
751:
674:Alexei Rykov
659:Leon Trotsky
614:Viktor Nogin
581:
500:
484:
481:
465:
458:
448:
432:
418:
411:
405:
397:
393:
392:devised the
390:Leon Trotsky
387:
348:
346:
323:
291:
269:Alexei Rykov
114:Russian SFSR
76:
67:
48:
2293:(2020–2024)
2290:Mishustin I
2282:Medvedev II
2229:(1999–2000)
2070:Voronov III
2038:Polyansky I
1982:Rodionov II
1919:Bulganin II
1840:(1918–1920)
1792:Kerensky II
1691:Goremykin I
1541:Fanya Baron
1521:Lev Chernyi
1372:Lev Kamenev
1296:Georgy Lvov
1270:Monarchists
503:Great Purge
404:" terms of
314:Great Purge
255:Predecessor
225:(1918–1921)
220:(1917–1921)
215:(1917–1921)
204:(1920–1923)
199:(1918–1920)
178:(from 1921)
173:(1917–1921)
162:(1917–1918)
121:Date formed
62:introducing
2333:Categories
2313:See also:
2274:Medvedev I
2250:Fradkov II
2165:Government
2134:Silayev II
2062:Voronov II
2014:Puzanov II
1974:Rodionov I
1927:Vakhrushev
1911:Bulganin I
1845:Krivoshein
1832:(Nov 1918)
1829:Vologodsky
1784:Kerensky I
1498:Anarchists
1359:Bolsheviks
1229:Mensheviks
1224:Bolsheviks
1174:Red Guards
1017:Heimosodat
930:Revolution
777:References
421:Commissars
383:Bolsheviks
367:Red Guards
332:) was the
218:Mensheviks
156:Bolsheviks
45:references
2285:(2018–20)
2277:(2012–18)
2269:(2008–12)
2261:(2007–08)
2253:(2004–07)
2242:Fradkov I
2237:(2000–04)
2218:Stepashin
2213:(1998–99)
2202:Kiriyenko
2197:(1996–98)
2189:(1992–96)
2181:(1991–92)
2155:(1991–93)
2129:(1990–91)
2126:Silayev I
2121:(1988–90)
2113:(1985–88)
2105:(1983–85)
2097:(1980–83)
2089:(1975–80)
2081:(1971–75)
2073:(1967–71)
2065:(1963–67)
2057:(1962–63)
2054:Voronov I
2049:(1959–62)
2041:(1958–59)
2033:(1957–58)
2025:(1956–57)
2017:(1955–56)
2009:(1952–55)
2006:Puzanov I
2001:(1951–52)
1993:(1949–51)
1985:(1947–49)
1977:(1946–47)
1966:(1946–91)
1946:(1943–46)
1938:(1940–43)
1930:(1939–40)
1914:(1937–38)
1906:(1930–37)
1898:(1929–30)
1890:(1924–29)
1882:(1917–24)
1871:(1917–46)
1821:(1918–20)
1734:(1916–17)
1718:(1914–16)
1710:(1911–14)
1707:Kokovtsov
1702:(1906–11)
1686:(1905–06)
1675:(1905–17)
1427:Right SRs
1152:elections
971:Civil War
942:July Days
916:Civil War
530:Chairman
461:bourgeois
455:Formation
402:bourgeois
398:commissar
286:Old style
265:Successor
2266:Putin II
2234:Kasyanov
2210:Primakov
1935:Khokhlov
1739:Golitsyn
1699:Stolypin
1460:Left SRs
1241:Left SRs
1137:Red Army
1085:Siberian
833:43510161
407:minister
171:Majority
2226:Putin I
1943:Kosygin
1903:Sulimov
1895:Syrtsov
1866:of the
1776:Lvov II
1723:Stürmer
1670:of the
1262:Figures
1201:Parties
509:, then
441:Russian
425:Russian
413:cabinet
394:council
381:by the
379:soviets
365:, when
350:soviets
336:of the
326:Russian
230:History
58:improve
2258:Zubkov
2118:Vlasov
2030:Kozlov
2022:Yasnov
1768:Lvov I
1760:(1917)
1731:Trepov
1209:Kadets
1100:Groups
1075:Allied
923:Events
831:
525:Death
437:Narkom
194:(1918)
189:(1918)
187:Komuch
110:Russia
47:, but
1887:Rykov
1879:Lenin
1683:Witte
1214:Nabat
829:S2CID
809:(PDF)
435:, or
2157:and
914:and
410:and
396:and
112:(as
852:by
821:doi
505:by
312:'s
2335::
835:.
827:.
817:54
815:.
811:.
493:.
443::
427::
416:.
385:.
328::
316:.
296:,
288:)
1645:e
1638:t
1631:v
904:e
897:t
890:v
823::
793:.
423:(
116:)
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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