1280:
1706:
1356:
1840:
1613:
913:
1112:
1641:
1296:
2432:
937:
1796:
1452:
1629:
2151:
1917:
569:
2454:
1582:
1264:
2363:
1752:
1764:
1312:
1945:
1898:
1776:
1659:
1003:
1679:
1334:
2167:
1019:
2107:
1812:
2526:
1598:
1562:
2135:
2123:
2095:
2511:
736:
1721:
2079:
2198:
1852:
2476:
1933:
557:
2375:
2496:
653:. During this period, the clothing styles which were developed in Vietnam contained both indigenous and imported foreign elements; the upper classes tended to be more easily influenced by those foreign influences than the common people. The upper classes of Vietnam in Northern Vietnam tended to wear clothing which mirrored and was influenced by the fashions of the Chinese, and this style of clothing persisted even after the end of the Chinese rule in the independent kingdom of
1733:
880:
1152:
1128:
1828:
513:
27:
1691:
4096:
161:
145:
244:
2244:
1472:
regions, the clothing worn was very varied. When the
Vietnamese started to assimilate the majority of the Cham and the Khmer Krom living in their new conquered southern territories; and the Vietnamese-ification of the Cham and the Khmer Krom lead to them adopting Vietnamese style clothing while at the same time retaining several distinctive ethnic elements.
1399:-influenced Chinese clothing in order to make his people dressed differently from those under the rule of the Trịnh lords. As a result, the gown and skirt which was worn by the Vietnamese and which was common in the north was replaced by trousers and gown with Chinese-influenced fasteners; this new form of clothing was described by
1355:
1383:. While expanding their territories, Vietnamese people immigrated to the south and the Nguyễn lords allowed Ming dynasty Chinese refugees to settle in those areas, thus creating a mixed society which was composed of Vietnamese, Chinese, and Cham peoples. Both Vietnamese and the Chinese brought their own clothing style in
2974:. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. Vol. 2 of Indo-Pacific Prehistory: Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 5–12 January 1994. The Chiang Mai Papers. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Australian National University. p. 94.
782:; the style of clothing was mainly a V-shaped collar gown which was tight fitting that was folded to the right. The clothing was multi-layered; it was common to wear three layers of clothing and tended to have narrow and straight sleeves. The elites women on the other-hand tended to wear a blouse and a skirt.
2684:
Typically light blue but can be found in brown and is similar to the ones worn by
Vietnamese Buddhist monastics in regards to the trademark collar similar to the Áo Giao lĩnh but without the sleeves with hidden pockets. While there are matching pants they are not a required part of the outfit for the
1061:
and the people of Lao as wearing Indian-style clothing like the robes of
Buddhist monks "like the irrigated fields of dysfunctional families". Therefore, they considered that all those styles, including those of Champa and Khmer, should not be worn as they disregarded the customs of the Vietnamese,
868:
After
Northern Vietnam became independent from China, the Vietnamese elites both followed the Chinese fashions and created distinctive, but still heavily Chinese-influenced local Vietnamese styles. The Chinese style dress gradually spread to Vietnamese commoners and among the people who were living
821:
From 43 AD to 939 AD, the direct rule of the
Chinese in Northern Vietnam led to the Chinese clothing influence on the local clothing styles, especially the local elites; this also included the leaders who rebelled against the rule of the Chinese who typically wore Chinese-style clothing. The Elites
991:
they imposed the Han
Chinese style of men wearing long hair on short-haired Vietnamese men. The Vietnamese were ordered to stop cutting their hair and instead to grow their hair long and switch to Han Chinese clothing within a month by a Ming official. Ming administrators said their mission was to
1883:, but was reintroduced back into the scene. It is worn in white by high school girls, often as part of school uniform in Vietnam. It is also worn by female receptionists and secretaries. Styles can differ in Northern and Southern Vietnam. The most popular type of Vietnamese clothing today, is the
1471:
During unified period of
Vietnam, the people in the northern and southern regions of Vietnam (i.e. previously Champa) continued to wear their local ethnic clothing. In the Southern regions, the people continued to wear their local clothing and became increasingly similar whereas in the northern
1547:
which were close-fitting and compact were added in the 1920s to the áo ngũ thân. The
Chinese-influenced clothing in the form of trousers and tunic were mandated by the Nguyễn dynasty. The Chinese Ming dynasty, Tang dynasty, and Han dynasty clothing was referenced in order to be adopted by the
614:
The clothing and textile history of
Vietnam reflects the culture and tradition that has been developed since the ancient Bronze Age wherein people of diverse cultures were living in Vietnam, the long influence of the Chinese and their associated cultural influence, as well as the short-lived
869:
in the surrounding regions which was being formally ruled by the
Vietnamese; however, the form of the commoner clothing were distinct from those worn by the elite class. Almost all male commoners of the Việt ethnic and ethnic minorities started to wear Chinese style trousers and shirts.
594:. The traditional style has both indigenous and foreign elements due to the diverse cultural exchanges during the history of Vietnam. This all eventually led to the birth of a distinctive Vietnamese style of clothing, including the birth of the unofficial national dress of Vietnam, the
2227:
means "long". The outfit was derived from its predecessor, the áo ngũ thân, a five piece outfit that was worn in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The male version of áo dài or modified áo dài are also worn during weddings or formal occasions. The áo dài can be paired with the
1096:
as well as short hair or shaved heads. A royal edict was issued by Vietnam in 1474 forbidding Vietnamese from adopting foreign languages, hairstyles and clothes like that of the Lao, Champa or the "Northerners" which referred to the Ming. The edict was recorded in the 1479
1018:
1053:". They viewed the Ming as having been affected by Mongolian customs in terms of clothing customs (e.g. with their hair hanging down the back, white teeth, short clothing, long sleeves, and bright and lustrous robes and caps) despite returning to the ways of
961:"You inquire about the state of affairs in Annan. Annan’s customs are simple and pure. Moreover, official clothing is according to the Tang system. The rites and music that control intercourse between the ruler and the officials are those of the Han
2431:
4045:
She then left the room to change out of her áo Ba Ba into her everyday home clothes, which did not look like peasant clothes at all. In Hóc Môn, traders who sell goods in the city don "peasant clothing" for their trips to the city and change
3366:
The new government banned the wearing of the traditional áo dài. Their income from sewing áo dài suddenly plummeted, forcing them to sell everything to survive: refrigerator, radio, food, and clothing. Only after the ban was lifted ten years
1451:
1257:. Those of the lower classes would prefer sleeves with reasonable widths or tight sleeves, and of simple colors. This stemmed from its flexibility in work, allowing people to move around with ease. Both male and female had loose long hair.
619:. The dynamic cultural exchanges which took place with those foreign cultural influences had a significant impact on the history of clothing in Vietnam; this has eventually lead to the birth to a distinctive Vietnamese clothing style, the
735:
2415:
who are gentle, graceful, and capable. Today, Áo tứ thân is not as widely used as before. However, Áo tứ thân is still loved by many people and worn on traditional festivals such as chầu văn festivals, village festivals, and
912:
3397:
The contemporary versions of Áo dài are of considerable sociological interest as they represent regional variations, as well as age and gender arrangements (men rarely wear them nowadays and usually dress in Western-style
1333:
1311:
1498:
The Vietnamese had adopted the Chinese political system and culture during the 1,000 years of Chinese rule, but after the Qing conquest of China, Han Chinese were forced to adapt to Manchurian customs like wearing a
1378:
were key players in promoting Chinese-influenced clothing in Central and Southern Vietnam where they expanded their territories and extended control over all the territories which used to be ruled by Champa and the
1705:
1279:
936:
2573:Áo ngũ thân - a dress with five parts, this costume is divided into two types: áo ngũ thân tay chẽn (áo chẽn) and áo ngũ thân tay thụng (áo tấc). In addition, this dress is also the predecessor of the áo dài.
856:. The elites followed the Chinese clothing system more closely once the regions had been incorporated into the Chinese imperial system. During the thousand years of imperial domination, the Vietnamese adopted
1612:
605:
For daily wear in Vietnam, Vietnamese people just wear normal everyday clothing (đồ Tây; Western clothing), but the common name for everyday clothing is quần áo thường ngày (literally "normal day clothing").
2558:Áo viên lĩnh - Is a type of round neck shirt popular throughout the dynasties of Vietnam, under the Nguyễn dynasty they were still used as vestments for mandarins, emperors, empress, and royal aristocrats.
1839:
1658:
1024:
A picture from the book, Technique du peuple Annamite (Vietnamese: Kỹ thuật của người An Nam), depicting the Vietnamese custom of teeth blackening. It has chữ Nôm, 染𦝄 and Vietnamese alphabet, Nhuộm răng.
852:, and non-Chinese migrants started settling in the neighbouring areas; the blending of Chinese culture, Mon-Khmer, and Tai-Kradai in northern Vietnam led to the development of the national majority, the
3069:
3627:
1968:, marking the first step in restoring traditional costumes in Vietnam. Currently, there are many companies that research and reproduce traditional Vietnamese clothing, for example, a company called
1960:
In the 21st century, some companies and individuals are working on reviving, preserving, and upholding Vietnamese traditional culture, including Vietnamese clothing and designs. In 2013, researcher
1111:
1051:"The people of our land should not adopt the languages or the clothing of the lands of the Wu , Champa, the Lao, Siam, or Zhenla , since doing so will bring chaos to the customs of our land
2555:- is a type of cross-collared robe that was commonly used throughout all dynasties of Vietnam, but by the Nguyễn dynasty, áo giao lĩnh was only used in rituals. Also known as áo tràng vạt.
2166:
2150:
1640:
1628:
1775:
1295:
2068:
ceremony was performed again after being revived again for the first time in 2004. Traditional clothing was worn during the ceremony and highlighted the clothing worn during the
876:(long-flap robe). The garments "áo" (áo is for the upper part of body) are below knee length, and round neck garments have buttons when the long-flap robe is tied to the right.
1795:
1751:
890:
Short hair or a shaven head was popular in Vietnam since the ancient period. Vietnamese men had shaven head or short hair during Trần dynasty. This can be seen in the painting
623:
is only one of such clothing for example. Moreover, as Vietnam has multiple ethnicities, there are many distinctive styles of clothing which reflect their wearer's ethnicity.
2106:
1763:
3028:
1732:
3696:
3611:
1916:
992:
civilize the unorthodox Vietnamese barbarians. Women had to wear Chinese style clothing. The Ming dynasty only wanted the Vietnamese to wear long hair and to stop
3953:
3585:
923:
802:
in 111 BC. The Chinese ruled over Northern Vietnam for 1000 years until c. 900 AD. This time, it was the Chinese which lead to acculturation process referred as
2453:
1597:
1249:(a kind of long skirt; 裳). The tràng vạt dress appeared very early on in Vietnamese history, possibly during the first Chinese domination by Eastern Han, after
3440:
2362:
872:
Vietnamese wore a round neck costume, which was made from 4 parts of cloth called áo tứ điên. Both men and women wore it. There are also other types such as:
3519:
2326:
means cloth, towel or scarf. It is typically worn with other outfits, most often the áo dài. The Nguyễn Lords introduced the predecessor to the áo dài, the
1990:
period. Other tailoring companies, such as Trần Thị Trang's company specializes in making ancient Vietnamese clothing which was typically worn between the
1811:
1263:
955:
In 1400s, Emperor Lê Quý Ly wrote a poem to describe his country and his government to the Ming dynasty envoys, explaining shared cultural status between
3644:
2122:
1002:
2094:
3413:
2134:
1151:
3793:
810:(202 BC – 220 AD), there was still very little Chinese migration into Northern Vietnam. It was in the subsequent centuries after the fall of the
2400:. It is made from four pieces of cloth, two front panels and two back panels. According to researchers, Áo tứ thân may have originated from the
1561:
1526:
3192:
2850:
2141:
2113:
2065:
1503:. So the Vietnamese viewed their surrounding neighbors like Khmer and the Han Chinese under the Qing dynasty as barbarians and themselves as a
1127:
576:
3465:
842:
respectively) who were credited for introducing hats and sandals to the people of Lingnan along with many other aspects, such as agriculture.
1678:
1098:
2561:Áo tứ điên - is a type of áo viên lĩnh, this costume was popular before the Nguyễn dynasty, especially popular in the Lý and Trần dynasties.
1581:
543:
2649:– a traditional necklace typically made out of gold, worn on special occasions such as weddings, festivals, or other important ceremonies.
2374:
2510:
1897:
1851:
3900:
3712:
1519:
by ceasing "barbarous" habits like cropping hair and ordering them to grow it long besides making them replace skirts with trousers.
3996:
3322:
649:
was ruled by the Chinese in the north while the south of Vietnam was ruled by the Indian-culture influenced, independent kingdom of
3266:
Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
2594:- It is a type of hat with the shape of the character Đinh (丁), it was worn by officers and middle-class men during the Lê dynasty.
1525:
was still worn during Nguyễn dynasty. Other styles of clothing were also created during this time such as the áo nhật bình and the
314:
1201:"Since the Restored Later-Lê era, for grand and formal occasions, (the emperors) always wore Xung Thiên hat and Long Bào robe...."
91:
2926:
467:
1944:
63:
3670:
3237:
1720:
1076:
An Nan has the Trần clan, and its customs are not those of the Yuan . Its clothing and caps are in the classic pattern of the
822:
wore clothing made of silk which were colourful and decorated while commoners wore plain hemp-based clothing. According to the
3220:
3168:
3003:
2890:
2873:
2826:
2631:Áo tràng Phật tử – typically shortened to "áo tràng" it is a robe worn by Upāsaka and Upāsikā in Vietnamese Buddhist temples.
2348:
with long skirts and loose long hair. Hence, wrapping scarf around head became a unique custom in the south then. From 1830,
1049:; his teachings also included how Vietnamese were different from their neighbours in terms of language and clothing customs:
2078:
4100:
3558:
1217:, one could see that this standard (the wearing of Long Bào) existed for a long period of time within a very large region.
980:
903:
725:
The Han Chinese referred to the various non-Han "barbarian" peoples of North Vietnam and Southern China as "Yue" (Việt) or
296:
70:
44:
2525:
2495:
806:. The clothing of officials in Northern Vietnam followed the regulations of the Chinese dress. However, even during the
3332:
3247:
3038:
2969:
2952:
2936:
2045:
to the world. The book contained historical facts about ancient Vietnamese fashion, illustrations and photos. The book
722:; this led to the adoption of the Tai people's clothing and the formation of dress style influenced by the Tai people.
2041:
was published by the Vietnam Centre, an independent, non-government and non-profit organization which aims to promote
4038:
3926:
3390:
3359:
3305:
3278:
3114:
1664:
The mandarin uniform of Nguyễn Tri Phương. His uniform shows that he is a sixth ranked mandarin (quan viên lục phẩm).
110:
77:
3295:
1085:” and therefore Emperor Taizu promoted the ambassador of Đại Việt (Đoàn Thuận Thân) by 3 ranks to be equal that of
536:
3739:
2215:. Besides suits and dresses nowadays, men and women can also wear áo dài on formal occasions. It is a long, split
1879:
began wearing Western clothing due to modernisation and French influence. The áo dài was briefly banned after the
729:, saying they possessed common habits like adapting to water, having their hair cropped short and having tattoos.
2600:- formal headwear for the royal court, traditionally mandarin officials wore it. It is derived from the Chinese
59:
568:
291:
48:
2475:
2352:
emperor force every civilian in the country to change their clothes, that custom became popular in the all of
1932:
2404:. Initially, Áo tứ thân was worn by both men and women, but gradually became the traditional dress of women.
3544:
4115:
1827:
1419:) both men and women at his court wear trousers and a gown with buttons down the front. The members of the
678:). It was until the 1920s in Vietnam's north area in isolated hamlets where skirts were worn. Before the
529:
3138:
1712:
1690:
1549:
1408:
1392:
497:
1495:. However, it was up to the 1920s in Vietnam's north area in isolated hamlets where skirts were worn.
770:
as the presence of the Chinese was limited. The clothing of the elites of Nanyue was mixed of Tai and
4072:
3875:"Nẻo về nguồn cội: Áo tứ thân - Vẻ đẹp trang phục phụ nữ Kinh Bắc - Video đã phát trên VTV1 | VTV.VN"
959:
and Ming by referring to the Han and Tang dynasties during a time when Đại Việt was a part of China,
849:
815:
1961:
1039:
3088:
2460:
2085:
710:, and they started to assimilate the local Mon-Khmer and Kra-dai people in a processed referred as
332:
258:
1504:
895:
762:(204 BC–111 BC) was an independent state which was founded by a Chinese general. However, in the
492:
374:
352:
84:
37:
1067:
4030:
2995:
Vietnamese Americans patterns of resettlement and socioeconomic adaptation in the United States
616:
281:
4081:
3270:
3264:
1649:
1250:
823:
775:
435:
388:
1366:
1186:
1400:
265:
1588:
1046:
8:
3520:"Weaving a Realm: Documenting Vietnam's Royal Costumes From the 15th Century | Saigoneer"
2931:. Introduction to Asian Civilizations (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
2567:
2564:Áo đối khâm - a type of costume usually worn outside, popular in the Lý - Trần dynasties.
2417:
2391:
2072:(however, some of the clothing of the Nguyễn dynasty in this event are still inaccurate).
2030:
1781:
A mũ cánh chuồn made out of metal and horse hair during the 19th century, Nguyễn dynasty.
988:
342:
324:
184:
150:
2597:
1972:
started to provide tailoring services of ancient Vietnamese clothing which included the
1739:
1102:
654:
4023:
3186:
3132:
2844:
2698:
2625:
2546:
2408:
2069:
2042:
2007:
1995:
1987:
1802:
1788:
1697:
1671:
1646:
1508:
1484:
1214:
827:
679:
572:
307:
251:
234:
2339:
1444:
1428:
1362:
1318:
1302:
1226:
1162:
1035:
4034:
3386:
3355:
3328:
3301:
3274:
3243:
3216:
3174:
3164:
3120:
3110:
3034:
3009:
2999:
2932:
2869:
2832:
2822:
2621:
2576:
Khăn mỏ quạ - crow beak scarf is a traditional headscarf of ancient Vietnamese women.
2552:
2344:
2307:
1978:
1876:
1522:
1500:
1458:
1345:
1323:
1242:
1009:
873:
853:
683:
591:
556:
440:
401:
396:
347:
2588:– formal brocade tunic for government receptions, or áo the for the man in weddings.
1080:. Its rites and music follow the relationship between ruler and minister, as in the
2412:
2397:
2038:
1923:
1818:
1743:
1492:
1375:
1093:
974:
884:
707:
695:
451:
430:
422:
412:
225:
2440:- Vietnam's most famous costume and considered the unofficial national dress with
2396:Áo tứ thân is a traditional Vietnamese dress for women, especially popular in the
2002:
which digitized 250 ancient Vietnamese decorative patterns which spanned from the
1531:
1507:(the Middle Kingdom) who still maintained Han culture (civilised culture). By the
1395:
who decreed that all the people under his rule had to changed their clothing into
1254:
1158:
3645:"Chiếc áo dài truyền thống Việt Nam đã biến đổi như thế nào từ "thời ông bà anh""
3380:
3349:
2335:
2331:
2197:
1480:
1457:"Giảng học đồ" (講學圖 - Teaching): Scholars and students wear cross-collared robe (
1424:
1420:
1412:
1384:
1340:
1286:
1234:
1138:
487:
2617:
2294:
2236:
2157:
1858:
1619:
1604:
1572:
1361:
Portrait of Lady Minh Nhẫn Mrs. Bùi Thị Giác (1738-1805), Thai Binh province of
1190:
2112:
A man playing as the role of the emperor, wearing traditional clothing for the
1880:
1757:
Mandarin boots and shoes. Gilded metal, Nguyễn dynasty, 19th-early 20th century
1071:
956:
517:
366:
3013:
2591:
1991:
4109:
3178:
2967:
2836:
2640:
2349:
1769:
Gilded metal hat, Nguyễn dynasty, 19th-early 20th century. Object for worship
1544:
1488:
1134:
166:
3847:
3820:
3766:
3586:"Bất ngờ tà áo tứ thân của Trần Huyền Nhung xuất hiện ở phố lồng đèn Hội An"
3124:
2585:
2401:
2050:
2003:
1888:
1270:
741:
Statue of a man with Yue-style short hair and tribal body tattoos, from the
2993:
2212:
2054:
1512:
1396:
1380:
1206:
1081:
1077:
1066:
it is written that according to the scholar Lý Tử Tấn, during the reign of
1058:
984:
919:
899:
846:
803:
742:
337:
200:
170:
3158:
2866:
Searching for Vietnam: Selected Writings on Vietnamese Culture and Society
2816:
2666:
The dress was taken as a trophy by Garnier in the capture of Hanoi in 1873
2614:(nón quai thao) - traditional hats worn in the south and north of Vietnam.
2330:. It was traditionally worn with a handwrapped turban. The members of the
1092:
The Lê dynasty encouraged the civilians to return to traditional customs:
1045:
based on the lessons he had taught to the prince, who then became Emperor
3794:"Gần 70 thí sinh Miss Grand International 2023 đồng loạt diện áo tứ thân"
3104:
2634:
2607:
2516:
2501:
2482:
2465:
2441:
2437:
2334:
court (southern court) were thus distinguished from the courtiers of the
2230:
2192:
2173:
1903:
1884:
1862:
1540:
1516:
1476:
1423:
court (southern court) were thus distinguished from the courtiers of the
1404:
1238:
1180:
1166:
1142:
1054:
898:
and his men during the Trần dynasty as well as the Chinese encyclopedia "
811:
807:
799:
795:
779:
703:
626:
Since the ancient times, textiles used and produced in Vietnam have been
620:
597:
1568:
879:
4082:"The Ao Dai and I: A Personal Essay on Cultural Identity and Steampunk"
3954:"Chị Hằng Nga phiên bản nhí diện trang phục truyền thống đón Trung thu"
3821:"Áo tứ thân của Nguyễn Thị Loan lọt top 10 trang phục dân tộc đẹp nhất"
3441:"The designer making Vietnamese 19th-century outfits fashionable again"
2611:
561:
3160:
Ming China and Vietnam : Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia
1407:, the áo ngũ thân which was composed of a 5-piece gown. In 1744, Lord
560:
The postcard depicts two women wearing an áo ngũ thân while holding a
3414:"Vietnamese youngsters work to retrieve the glory of ancient culture"
3300:(illustrated ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 53, 111.
2646:
1062:
who continued to follow the rites of Zhou and Song dynasties: in the
927:
631:
3382:
Modernity and Re-enchantment: Religion in Post-revolutionary Vietnam
3033:. Vietnam: Công Ty Văn Hóa và Truyền Thông Nhã Nam. pp. 88–89.
2570:- a four-piece woman's dress widely popular in the North of Vietnam.
1634:
Vietnamese ambassadors in Paris wearing traditional formal clothing.
1391:) and continued to wear their clothing until a proclamation by Lord
774:
styles. The clothing of the Elites include Chinese fashion from the
702:
region in ancient Chinese texts. Prior to the Chinese conquest, the
26:
2715:
2015:
2011:
968:
3874:
3109:. John Stewart Bowman. New York: Columbia University Press. 2000.
860:, but local customs and styles yet were not assimilated and lost.
2579:
2532:
2486:
2445:
2353:
2128:
Mandarins sitting uptop chairs while royal guards hold umbrellas.
2061:
2019:
1416:
1388:
993:
839:
835:
831:
666:
646:
587:
3713:"Áo dài: Nét đẹp văn hóa truyền thống của người phụ nữ Việt Nam"
3491:
2100:
People in formal mandarin official uniforms walking in a parade.
4095:
3848:"Bảo tồn văn hóa áo dài Việt thông qua các hoạt động thực tiễn"
2925:
Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., eds. (2012).
2727:
2721:
2703:
1230:
1210:
1195:
Categorized Records of the Institutions of Successive Dynasties
1118:
1086:
791:
763:
759:
746:
726:
719:
699:
658:
650:
639:
160:
3239:
A Vietnamese Royal Exile in Japan: Prince Cuong De (1882–1951)
2675:
Objects for worship, at the National Museum Vietnamese History
2380:
Vietnamese women wear a version of áo Nhật bình with khăn vấn.
718:
as the Tai people were politically and culturally dominant in
3767:"Ngắm nhìn những tà áo dài phụ nữ Việt Nam trong 400 năm qua"
2954:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Issue 15
2709:
2601:
2216:
1907:
1432:
857:
771:
767:
144:
2545:Áo nhật bình - a popular costume for the nobility under the
1185:
The dragon robe (áo Long Bào) was worn in Vietnam since the
3980:
635:
627:
996:
so they could have white teeth and long hair like Chinese.
902:" from 17th century. The convention was popular until the
814:
that there was a large influx of Chinese in the region of
664:
For centuries, peasant women typically wore a halter top (
243:
3985:(in Vietnamese). Nhà xuất bản Chính trị quốc gia-Sự thật.
2053:
era's clothing traditions from 1437 to 1471 AD after the
863:
834:
started with Ren Yan and Xi Guang (both Han Officials in
2971:
Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Chiang Mai Papers, Volume 2
2957:. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. 1996. p. 94.
2243:
1548:
Vietnamese military and bureaucrats by the Nguyễn Lord,
1339:
Portrait of Prince Tôn Thất Hiệp (Nguyễn Phúc Thuần) of
2010:
and applied them to variety of modern products such as
1343:
from the 17th century. He wears a cross-collared robe (
1205:
Through many portraits and images of rulers during the
3901:"Khăn chầu, áo ngự trong thực hành tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu"
2968:
Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association. Congress (1996).
2368:
A bride and a groom wearing khăn vấn on their wedding.
1038:, a scholar official, and his colleagues compiled the
944:"The Mahasattva Trúc Lâm Coming Out of the Mountains".
883:
The Mahasattva Trúc Lâm Coming Out of the Mountains –
670:) underneath a blouse or overcoat, alongside a skirt (
638:
were also generally used prior to the introduction of
3385:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 157.
1801:
A painting depicting traditional clothing during the
892:"The Mahasattva Trúc Lâm Coming Out of the Mountains"
785:
694:
Most of ancient northern Vietnam was referred as the
3698:
Tìm trong di sản văn hoá Việt Nam: Thăng Long-Hà Nội
3466:"Vietnamese woman revives country's ancient clothes"
2924:
1998:. Painter Cù Minh Khôi and his friends launched the
1483:
and trousers was forced on Vietnamese people by the
766:, it was the elite who were primarily influenced by
689:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4022:
3740:"Nét đẹp văn hoá trong trang phục cổ người Hà Nội"
3106:Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture
2818:Textiles and clothing of Viet Nam : a history
2260:Nút bấm thân áo: hooks used as fasteners and holes
2201:A woman in Cần Thơ wearing an áo dài and a nón lá.
4070:
4025:Saigon's Edge: On the Margins of Ho Chi Minh City
1845:A picture depicting traditional wedding costumes.
979:When the Han Chinese ruled the Vietnamese in the
706:nobles first came in Northern Vietnam during the
4107:
3927:"Họa sĩ Lê Phương Dung, người yêu làng quê Việt"
3701:(in Vietnamese). Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá-thông tin.
2176:ascended the throne atop Bân mountain (Núi Bân).
2140:The procession of the emperor going towards the
1986:company largely reproduces clothing worn in the
1536:(formal wear for rituals and formal occasions).
969:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam (1407–1428)
595:
205:
189:
2211:is considered to be the traditional Vietnamese
1603:Empress Nam Phương wearing an áo nhật bình and
1029:
794:(204 BC–111 BC) was conquered and ruled by the
3616:(in Vietnamese). Bảo tàng phụ nữ Nam Bộ. 1993.
3545:"Festival Huế 2008: Tôn nghiêm lễ tế Nam Giao"
3492:"Home | Vietnam Centre - Bring Vietnam To You"
2863:
1618:Princess Mỹ Lương wearing an áo nhật bình and
1511:, the Vietnamese themselves were ordering the
1466:
845:Non-Chinese immigrants were attracted to the
586:is the traditional style of clothing worn in
537:
3671:"Áo tứ thân: Biểu tượng đẹp của phụ nữ Việt"
3632:(in Vietnamese). Bộ văn hóa thông tin. 2008.
3210:
1220:
749:peoples of southern China and north Vietnam.
3737:
3269:. Harvard University Asia Center. pp.
2685:laity. They are also known as áo giao lĩnh.
1012:lady with blackened teeth (nhuộm răng đen).
3559:"Nỗi lo biến dạng trang phục truyền thống"
3191:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2849:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2306:is a kind of turban traditionally worn by
1887:for men and women, and suits or sometimes
1487:. Skirts (váy) were banned due to Emperor
544:
530:
159:
143:
4029:. University of Minnesota Press. p.
3642:
950:
575:officials wearing formal clothing during
165:A woman from Southern Vietnam wearing an
149:A woman from Northern Vietnam wearing an
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
3320:
3262:
3156:
2857:
2444:, they are one of the famous symbols of
2242:
2196:
2057:forces were defeated by Emperor Lê Lợi.
1726:Student uniforms of the imperial academy
1475:Áo ngũ thân (predecessor of the current
1321:. He was wearing a cross-collared robe (
878:
567:
555:
4079:
2991:
2539:
2172:Reenactment of the moment that Emperor
1955:
698:which was considered to be part of the
4108:
3978:
3514:
3512:
3408:
3406:
3378:
3327:(4 ed.). Routledge. p. 153.
3293:
2868:. Kyoto University Press. p. 64.
2814:
2643:– two-piece ensemble for men and women
2519:ensemble wearing traditional clothing.
2251:
2247:Diagram showing the parts of an áo dài
1269:A servant woman and a mandarin of the
864:Lý dynasty to Trần dynasty (1009–1400)
16:Traditional Vietnamese clothing system
4020:
3997:"Người Việt tại Áo vui Tết Trung thu"
3211:Organization, Vietnam Centre (2020).
3206:
3204:
3202:
3152:
3150:
3148:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2637:– the typical Vietnamese formal dress
2411:. It is associated with the image of
2156:Musicians of the royal court playing
1174:
942:Trần dynasty clothing as depicted in
3846:VTV, BAO DIEN TU (10 January 2020).
3819:VTV, BAO DIEN TU (21 October 2016).
3765:VTV, BAO DIEN TU (20 October 2020).
3297:Brother Enemy: The War After the War
3235:
3053:
3026:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2504:ensemble all wearing the áo tứ thân.
2269:Nút móc kết thúc: main hook and hole
2181:
1922:Two women wearing áo dài walking in
1870:
981:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam
904:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam
634:, and banana fiber cloth; kapok and
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3951:
3845:
3818:
3764:
3694:
3583:
3509:
3403:
3213:Weaving a Realm (Dệt Nên Triều Đại)
3093:. Vietnam Review. 1997. p. 35.
2049:only covers the early years of the
1875:From the twentieth century onward,
1833:A northern Vietnamese girl smiling.
1461:). Adults have loose and long hair.
1197:(Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí):
13:
3438:
3347:
3199:
3145:
2888:
1157:Vietnamese nobleman and wife from
1133:Vietnamese nobleman and wife from
786:Chinese Conquest Period of Vietnam
14:
4127:
4089:
3933:(in Vietnamese). 15 February 2021
3738:hanoimoi.vn (29 September 2005).
3090:The Vietnam Review: VR., Volume 3
3020:
2978:
2901:
2741:
2060:In 2008, there was a festival in
1684:Imperial headgear "Mũ Xung Thiên"
690:Bách Việt period (1000 BC - 1 BC)
4094:
3719:(in Vietnamese). 26 October 2023
2998:. London: Taylor & Francis.
2524:
2509:
2494:
2474:
2452:
2430:
2373:
2361:
2165:
2149:
2133:
2121:
2105:
2093:
2077:
1943:
1931:
1915:
1896:
1857:Nguyễn dynasty soldiers wearing
1850:
1838:
1826:
1817:A northern Vietnamese girl with
1810:
1794:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1731:
1719:
1704:
1689:
1677:
1657:
1639:
1627:
1611:
1596:
1580:
1560:
1450:
1354:
1332:
1310:
1294:
1278:
1262:
1213:, and more recently, during the
1150:
1126:
1110:
1017:
1001:
935:
911:
734:
511:
242:
25:
4014:
3989:
3972:
3945:
3919:
3893:
3872:
3866:
3839:
3812:
3785:
3758:
3731:
3705:
3688:
3663:
3636:
3620:
3604:
3577:
3551:
3537:
3484:
3458:
3432:
3372:
3341:
3314:
3287:
3256:
3229:
3097:
3081:
3062:
2928:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition
2730:– traditional Japanese clothing
2706:– traditional Okinawan clothing
2678:
2669:
2660:
2620:– a type of turban worn by the
1253:was able to finally defeat the
645:For at least a thousand years,
36:needs additional citations for
3952:Trí, Dân (13 September 2019).
3791:
3643:VCCorp.vn (31 December 2016).
3584:Trí, Dân (15 September 2018).
3215:. Vietnam: Dân Trí Publisher.
3047:
2961:
2945:
2882:
2712:– traditional Chinese clothing
1479:, which made of 5 parts) with
1317:Portrait of Nguyễn Quý Đức in
1099:Complete Chronicle of Đại Việt
206:
153:, a common dress in the north.
1:
3565:(in Vietnamese). 23 June 2023
3163:. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
2891:"Ancient costumes of Vietnam"
2821:. Jefferson, North Carolina.
2734:
2724:– traditional Korean clothing
2718:– traditional Manchu clothing
2385:
1938:Two women in áo dài chatting.
1711:Ceremonial dress of Marshall
1552:(Nguyễn Thế Tông) from 1744.
3263:Woodside, Alexander (1988).
1225:Before 1744, people of both
1030:Later Lê dynasty (1428–1789)
7:
4080:Ay-leen (20 October 2010).
3157:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
2815:Howard, Michael C. (2016).
2692:
2288:
2022:, and lucky money packets.
1571:weaing a turban called the
1556:Imperial and noble clothing
682:, the cross-collared robe (
10:
4132:
4064:
4056:Nguyễn Khắc Thuần (2005),
3354:. McFarland. p. 202.
2423:
2407:Áo tứ thân is a symbol of
2389:
2292:
2190:
1891:(modified áo dài) for men.
1742:cap, with ornamented gold
1467:Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945)
1327:) and had loose long hair.
1221:Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài
1178:
972:
609:
2186:
2084:A parade in front of the
1117:Two women and a child in
1074:bestowed a poem saying, "
754:
215:
199:
183:
178:
158:
142:
138:
125:
4060:, Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục.
3979:Nguyễn, Văn Hoa (2011).
3321:Chandler, David (2018).
3027:Trần, Quang Đức (2013).
2992:Montero, Darrel (2019).
2653:
2000:Hoa Văn Đại Việt project
1403:as the predessor to the
1255:Trưng Sisters’ rebellion
894:which portrayed Emperor
333:Vietnamese folk religion
169:, a common dress in the
4071:Leshkowich, Ann Marie.
3717:Báo mega.vietnamplus.vn
3379:Taylor, Philip (2007).
2889:T., Van (4 July 2013).
2864:A. Terry Rambo (2005).
2582:- woman's undergarment.
2158:traditional court music
2025:In 2018, a book called
1950:A man wearing an áo dài
1652:dressed in formal wear.
1187:Restored Late-Lê period
987:'s conquest during the
375:Vietnamese martial arts
3792:Đô, Báo Tuổi Trẻ Thủ.
3695:Lưu, Minh Trị (2002).
3294:Chanda, Nayan (1986).
3137:: CS1 maint: others (
2275:Khuy cổ: collar button
2266:Đường bên: inside seam
2248:
2202:
1787:Common outfits of the
1505:small version of China
1301:Clothing of people of
1285:Clothing of people of
1203:
951:Hồ dynasty (1400–1407)
922:: short hair, wearing
887:
830:, the civilization of
745:among the non-Chinese
686:) was worn popularly.
596:
580:
565:
190:
4103:at Wikimedia Commons
3348:Vo, Nghia M. (2011).
3324:A History of Cambodia
3236:Tran, My-Van (2005).
2531:A lady wearing an áo
2459:A girl siting in the
2246:
2200:
1696:Court attires of the
1199:
1072:Emperor Taizu of Ming
882:
824:Book of the Later Han
776:Warring States period
630:in Northern Vietnam,
571:
559:
60:"Vietnamese clothing"
4021:Harms, Erik (2011).
2540:Examples of garments
2272:Tà trước: front flap
2223:translates as shirt
2219:worn over trousers.
1956:Twenty-first century
1587:Clothing of Emperor
617:French colonial rule
468:World Heritage Sites
45:improve this article
4116:Vietnamese clothing
4101:Clothing of Vietnam
4073:"History of Ao Dai"
4058:Danh tướng Việt Nam
3958:Báo điện tử Dân Trí
3798:Báo Tuổi Trẻ Thủ Đô
3590:Báo điện tử Dân Trí
2628:to the present day.
2418:Mid-Autumn festival
2252:Parts of the outfit
2031:Vietnamese language
1964:published the book
1821:sitting on a chair.
1517:Han Chinese culture
584:Vietnamese clothing
191:Trang phục Việt Nam
185:Vietnamese alphabet
132:Trang phục Việt Nam
127:Vietnamese clothing
3873:VTV, BAO DIEN TU.
3629:Văn hóa nghệ thuật
2699:Culture of Vietnam
2409:Vietnamese culture
2249:
2203:
2043:Vietnamese culture
1367:Revival Lê dynasty
1175:Revival Lê dynasty
888:
847:Tang dynasty-ruled
581:
566:
518:Vietnam portal
235:Culture of Vietnam
4099:Media related to
3351:Saigon: A History
3222:978-604-88-9574-7
3170:978-1-107-12424-0
3054:Wang, Qi (1609).
3005:978-1-000-00451-9
2895:VietNamNet Global
2875:978-1-920901-05-9
2828:978-1-4766-6332-6
2622:Vietnamese people
2308:Vietnamese people
2257:Tà sau: back flap
2182:Types of clothing
2047:Dệt Nên Triều Đại
2027:Dệt Nên Triều Đại
1906:worn by women in
1877:Vietnamese people
1871:Twentieth century
1713:Nguyễn Tri Phương
1550:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
1543:was created when
1439:with long skirts.
1409:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
1393:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
1121:around the 1700s.
854:Vietnamese people
792:Kingdom of Nanyue
764:Kingdom of Nanyue
592:Vietnamese people
554:
553:
402:Vietnamese poetry
397:Vietnamese comics
219:
218:
134:
121:
120:
113:
95:
4123:
4098:
4085:
4076:
4049:
4048:
4028:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3472:. 8 October 2019
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3208:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3182:
3154:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3128:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2922:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2840:
2812:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2528:
2513:
2498:
2481:A girl wears an
2478:
2456:
2434:
2413:Vietnamese women
2377:
2365:
2284:Kích (eo): waist
2213:national garment
2169:
2153:
2137:
2125:
2109:
2097:
2081:
2039:English language
1947:
1935:
1919:
1900:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1814:
1798:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1735:
1723:
1708:
1693:
1681:
1661:
1643:
1631:
1615:
1600:
1584:
1564:
1535:
1493:Neo-Confucianism
1454:
1443:Paintings about
1358:
1336:
1314:
1298:
1282:
1266:
1154:
1130:
1114:
1094:teeth blackening
1021:
1005:
994:teeth blackening
975:Teeth blackening
939:
915:
858:Chinese clothing
772:Chinese clothing
768:Chinese clothing
738:
601:
546:
539:
532:
516:
515:
514:
246:
237:
221:
220:
211:
210:
195:
193:Quần áo Việt Nam
163:
147:
130:
123:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4106:
4105:
4092:
4067:
4053:
4052:
4041:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3960:(in Vietnamese)
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3931:phunumoi.net.vn
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3907:(in Vietnamese)
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3881:(in Vietnamese)
3879:BAO DIEN TU VTV
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3854:(in Vietnamese)
3852:BAO DIEN TU VTV
3844:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3827:(in Vietnamese)
3825:BAO DIEN TU VTV
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3800:(in Vietnamese)
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3773:(in Vietnamese)
3771:BAO DIEN TU VTV
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3746:(in Vietnamese)
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3651:(in Vietnamese)
3641:
3637:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3613:Phụ nữ miền Nam
3610:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3592:(in Vietnamese)
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3420:. 28 April 2019
3412:
3411:
3404:
3393:
3377:
3373:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3209:
3200:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3155:
3146:
3130:
3129:
3117:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3025:
3021:
3006:
2990:
2979:
2966:
2962:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2923:
2902:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2858:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2813:
2742:
2737:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2490:
2479:
2470:
2457:
2448:
2435:
2426:
2398:Northern region
2394:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2369:
2366:
2297:
2291:
2281:Đường may: seam
2263:Ống tay: sleeve
2254:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2126:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2098:
2089:
2082:
2035:Weaving a Realm
1958:
1951:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1873:
1866:
1855:
1846:
1843:
1834:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1782:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1758:
1755:
1746:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1665:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1623:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1565:
1529:
1481:standing collar
1469:
1462:
1455:
1370:
1359:
1350:
1337:
1328:
1315:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1223:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1155:
1146:
1131:
1122:
1115:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1013:
1006:
977:
971:
953:
946:
940:
931:
916:
866:
788:
757:
750:
739:
692:
612:
550:
512:
510:
503:
502:
498:National anthem
483:
482:
473:
472:
463:
462:
446:
445:
426:
425:
407:
406:
392:
391:
380:
379:
370:
369:
358:
357:
328:
327:
302:
301:
277:
276:
233:
208:
192:
179:Vietnamese name
174:
154:
129:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4091:
4090:External links
4088:
4087:
4086:
4077:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4039:
4013:
4001:dangcongsan.vn
3988:
3982:Custom t shirt
3971:
3944:
3918:
3892:
3865:
3838:
3811:
3784:
3757:
3730:
3704:
3687:
3675:dangcongsan.vn
3662:
3635:
3619:
3603:
3576:
3550:
3547:. 5 June 2008.
3536:
3508:
3496:Vietnam Centre
3483:
3457:
3431:
3402:
3391:
3371:
3360:
3340:
3334:978-0429964060
3333:
3313:
3306:
3286:
3279:
3255:
3249:978-0415297165
3248:
3228:
3221:
3198:
3169:
3144:
3115:
3096:
3080:
3061:
3046:
3040:978-1629883700
3039:
3030:Ngàn năm áo mũ
3019:
3004:
2977:
2960:
2944:
2938:978-0231511100
2937:
2900:
2881:
2874:
2856:
2827:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2668:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2626:Nguyễn dynasty
2615:
2605:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2547:Nguyễn dynasty
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2458:
2451:
2449:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2390:Main article:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2360:
2293:Main article:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2191:Main article:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2070:Nguyễn dynasty
2055:Ming dynasty's
2008:Nguyễn dynasty
1996:Nguyễn dynasty
1988:Nguyễn dynasty
1966:Ngàn năm áo mũ
1962:Trần Quang Đức
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1895:
1881:fall of Saigon
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1803:Nguyễn dynasty
1800:
1793:
1791:
1789:Nguyễn dynasty
1784:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1698:Nguyễn dynasty
1695:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1672:Nguyễn dynasty
1667:
1666:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1647:Nguyễn dynasty
1645:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1605:khăn vành dây.
1602:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1509:Nguyễn dynasty
1485:Nguyễn dynasty
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1222:
1219:
1215:Nguyễn dynasty
1179:Main article:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1159:Hải Môn harbor
1156:
1149:
1147:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1000:
970:
967:
952:
949:
948:
947:
941:
934:
932:
918:Vietnamese in
917:
910:
896:Trần Nhân Tông
865:
862:
787:
784:
756:
753:
752:
751:
740:
733:
691:
688:
680:Nguyễn dynasty
676:quần không đáy
611:
608:
577:Lễ tế Nam Giao
573:Nguyễn dynasty
552:
551:
549:
548:
541:
534:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
490:
484:
480:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
464:
460:
459:
458:
455:
454:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
427:
421:
420:
419:
416:
415:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
393:
387:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
371:
365:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
323:
322:
321:
318:
317:
311:
310:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
262:
261:
255:
254:
248:
247:
239:
238:
230:
229:
217:
216:
213:
212:
203:
197:
196:
187:
181:
180:
176:
175:
164:
156:
155:
148:
140:
139:
136:
135:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4128:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4040:9780816656059
4036:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4017:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3546:
3540:
3525:
3524:saigoneer.com
3521:
3515:
3513:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3471:
3470:Tuoi Tre News
3467:
3461:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3419:
3418:en.nhandan.vn
3415:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3392:9789812304407
3388:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3361:9780786464661
3357:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3307:9780151144204
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3280:9780674937215
3276:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3245:
3242:. Routledge.
3241:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3116:0-231-50004-1
3112:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3077:(in Chinese).
3073:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2283:
2280:
2278:Cổ áo: collar
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:19th century
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1670:Artifacts of
1669:
1668:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1620:khăn vành dây
1614:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1193:wrote in the
1192:
1188:
1182:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
995:
990:
986:
983:, due to the
982:
976:
966:
965:
962:
958:
945:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
909:
908:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
886:
881:
877:
875:
870:
861:
859:
855:
851:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
748:
744:
737:
732:
731:
730:
728:
723:
721:
717:
716:Tai-ification
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
607:
603:
600:
599:
593:
589:
585:
578:
574:
570:
563:
558:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
528:
527:
525:
524:
519:
509:
508:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
477:
476:
469:
466:
465:
457:
456:
453:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
384:
383:
376:
373:
372:
368:
362:
361:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
326:
320:
319:
316:
313:
312:
309:
306:
305:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
271:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
249:
245:
241:
240:
236:
232:
231:
227:
223:
222:
214:
204:
202:
198:
194:
188:
186:
182:
177:
172:
168:
162:
157:
152:
146:
141:
137:
133:
128:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:February 2020
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
4093:
4057:
4044:
4024:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
4000:
3991:
3981:
3974:
3962:. Retrieved
3957:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3930:
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3851:
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3824:
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3797:
3787:
3775:. Retrieved
3770:
3760:
3748:. Retrieved
3743:
3733:
3721:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3697:
3690:
3678:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3648:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3594:. Retrieved
3589:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3562:
3553:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3469:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3417:
3396:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3350:
3343:
3323:
3316:
3296:
3289:
3265:
3258:
3238:
3231:
3212:
3159:
3105:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3070:
3064:
3056:Sancai Tuhui
3055:
3049:
3029:
3022:
2994:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2947:
2927:
2894:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2817:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2553:Áo giao lĩnh
2464:
2463:wearing the
2406:
2395:
2345:áo tràng vạt
2343:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2142:ritual altar
2064:, where the
2059:
2046:
2034:
2026:
2024:
1999:
1983:
1979:áo tràng vạt
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1874:
1538:
1523:Áo tràng vạt
1521:
1497:
1474:
1470:
1459:áo tràng vạt
1437:áo tràng vạt
1436:
1435:), who wore
1381:Khmer Empire
1376:Nguyễn lords
1373:
1346:áo tràng vạt
1344:
1324:áo tràng vạt
1322:
1246:
1243:áo tràng vạt
1224:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:Phan Huy Chú
1184:
1091:
1082:Song dynasty
1078:Zhou dynasty
1075:
1068:Trần Dụ Tông
1063:
1050:
1047:Lê Thái Tông
1043:(Dư địa chí)
1040:
1033:
985:Ming dynasty
978:
963:
960:
954:
943:
920:Sancai Tuhui
900:Sancai Tuhui
891:
889:
885:Trần dynasty
874:áo tràng vạt
871:
867:
844:
820:
804:Sinicization
789:
758:
743:state of Yue
724:
715:
711:
708:Đông Sơn era
693:
684:áo tràng vạt
675:
671:
665:
663:
644:
625:
613:
604:
583:
582:
493:Coat of arms
353:Christianity
338:Confucianism
286:
171:Mekong delta
131:
126:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
3744:hanoimoi.vn
2598:Mũ Phốc Đầu
2592:Mũ chữ Đinh
2461:Huế Citadel
2342:, who wore
2336:Trịnh Lords
2328:áo ngũ thân
2320:. The word
2318:coil around
2310:. The word
2174:Quang Trung
2160:(nhã nhạc).
2086:Huế citadel
1992:Ngô dynasty
1974:áo ngũ thân
1819:black teeth
1744:Kim Bác Sơn
1530: [
1491:'s extreme
1425:Trịnh Lords
1239:Cochinchina
1181:Dragon robe
1167:Boxer Codex
1165:) in 1595,
1143:Boxer Codex
1141:) in 1595,
1103:Ngô Sĩ Liên
1064:Dư địa chí,
1036:Nguyễn Trãi
989:Ming–Hồ War
926:(left) and
812:Han dynasty
808:Han dynasty
800:Han dynasty
796:Han Chinese
780:Qin dynasty
712:Tai-ization
4006:22 January
3964:22 January
3937:22 January
3911:22 January
3885:22 January
3858:22 January
3831:22 January
3804:22 January
3777:22 January
3750:22 January
3723:22 January
3680:22 January
3655:22 January
3649:afamily.vn
3596:22 January
3569:22 January
3563:laodong.vn
3071:石渠寶笈秘殿珠林續編
3014:1159420864
2735:References
2568:Áo tứ thân
2402:Lý dynasty
2392:Áo tứ thân
2386:Áo tứ thân
2340:Đàng Ngoài
2332:Đàng Trong
2004:Lý dynasty
1984:Ỷ Vân Hiên
1970:Ỷ Vân Hiên
1445:Đàng Ngoài
1429:Đàng Ngoài
1421:Đàng Trong
1413:Đàng Trong
1401:Lê Quý Đôn
1385:Đàng Trong
1363:Đàng Ngoài
1341:Đàng Trong
1319:Đàng Ngoài
1303:Đàng Ngoài
1287:Đàng Trong
1271:Lê dynasty
1235:Đàng Trong
1227:Đàng Ngoài
1163:Đàng Ngoài
1139:Đàng Trong
973:See also:
924:áo tứ điên
798:under the
436:Television
389:Literature
275:Traditions
151:áo tứ thân
71:newspapers
3187:cite book
3179:922694609
3133:cite book
2845:cite book
2837:933520702
2350:Minh Mạng
2304:khăn đóng
2016:calendars
2012:keychains
1650:mandarins
1589:Khải Định
1515:to adopt
1489:Minh Mệnh
1135:Quảng Nam
1041:Geography
1034:In 1435,
928:loincloth
632:barkcloth
461:Monuments
315:Festivals
266:Languages
4110:Category
3529:7 August
3501:7 August
3476:7 August
3450:7 August
3445:The Star
3439:AGENCY.
3424:7 August
3125:51542679
3058:. China.
2716:Qizhuang
2693:See also
2641:Áo bà ba
2618:Khăn vấn
2610:and nón
2300:Khăn vấn
2295:Khăn vấn
2289:Khăn vấn
2237:khăn vấn
2066:Nam Giao
2051:Later Lê
2020:T-shirts
1994:and the
1859:khăn vấn
1740:Phốc Đầu
1573:khăn vấn
1569:Hàm Nghi
1567:Emperor
778:and the
696:Lạc Việt
655:Đại Việt
343:Buddhism
325:Religion
292:Marriage
287:Clothing
226:a series
224:Part of
167:áo bà ba
4065:Sources
3905:VOV2.VN
2517:Quan họ
2502:Quan họ
2485:during
2446:Vietnam
2424:Gallery
2354:Vietnam
2234:or the
2225:and dài
1926:, 1947.
1910:, 1950s
1305:, 1645.
1289:, 1675.
1251:Ma Yuan
1245:with a
1241:) wore
1008:An old
957:Đại Ngu
930:(right)
840:Jiuzhen
836:Jiaozhi
832:Lingnan
657:and in
647:Vietnam
610:History
590:by the
588:Vietnam
481:Symbols
308:Cuisine
282:Kinship
252:History
201:Hán-Nôm
85:scholar
4037:
3389:
3358:
3331:
3304:
3277:
3246:
3219:
3177:
3167:
3123:
3113:
3037:
3012:
3002:
2935:
2872:
2835:
2825:
2728:Wafuku
2722:Hanbok
2704:Ryusou
2635:Áo dài
2612:ba tầm
2608:Nón lá
2586:Áo gấm
2580:Áo yếm
2483:áo dài
2466:áo dài
2442:nón lá
2438:Áo dài
2316:means
2231:nón lá
2208:áo dài
2193:Áo dài
2187:Áo dài
2114:ritual
1924:Saigon
1904:Áo dài
1889:áo gấm
1885:áo dài
1863:nón lá
1861:under
1541:áo dài
1527:áo tấc
1477:áo dài
1405:áo dài
1247:thường
1233:) and
1231:Tonkin
1211:Joseon
1119:Tonkin
1087:Joseon
828:Fan Ye
760:Nanyue
755:Nanyue
747:Baiyue
727:Baiyue
720:Baiyue
700:Baiyue
659:Champa
651:Champa
640:cotton
621:áo dài
598:áo dài
562:ba tầm
441:Cinema
348:Taoism
259:People
228:on the
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3398:suits
3367:later
3075:(PDF)
2710:Hanfu
2654:Notes
2647:Kiềng
2624:from
2602:Futou
2420:,...
2217:tunic
1908:Hanoi
1545:tucks
1534:]
1513:Khmer
1501:queue
1433:Hanoi
850:Annan
816:Annan
452:Sport
431:Radio
423:Media
413:Music
297:Games
92:JSTOR
78:books
4046:back
4035:ISBN
4008:2024
3966:2024
3939:2024
3913:2024
3887:2024
3860:2024
3833:2024
3806:2024
3779:2024
3752:2024
3725:2024
3682:2024
3657:2024
3598:2024
3571:2024
3531:2021
3503:2021
3478:2021
3452:2021
3426:2021
3387:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3193:link
3175:OCLC
3165:ISBN
3139:link
3121:OCLC
3111:ISBN
3035:ISBN
3010:OCLC
3000:ISBN
2933:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2851:link
2833:OCLC
2823:ISBN
2323:khăn
2205:The
2033:and
1976:and
1539:The
1397:Ming
1374:The
1207:Ming
1059:Tang
1057:and
1010:Kinh
838:and
790:The
636:hemp
628:silk
564:hat.
488:Flag
209:裙襖越南
207:裝服越南
64:news
3271:134
2533:yếm
2487:Tết
2338:in
2313:vấn
2302:or
2062:Huế
2037:in
2029:in
2006:to
1427:in
1417:Huế
1411:of
1389:Huế
1365:in
1101:of
1055:Han
826:by
714:or
704:Tai
674:or
672:váy
667:yếm
367:Art
47:by
4112::
4043:.
4033:.
4031:56
3999:.
3956:.
3929:.
3903:.
3877:.
3850:.
3823:.
3796:.
3769:.
3742:.
3715:.
3673:.
3647:.
3588:.
3561:.
3522:.
3511:^
3494:.
3468:.
3443:.
3416:.
3405:^
3395:.
3364:.
3273:.
3201:^
3189:}}
3185:{{
3173:.
3147:^
3135:}}
3131:{{
3119:.
3008:.
2980:^
2903:^
2893:.
2847:}}
2843:{{
2831:.
2743:^
2240:.
2221:Áo
2018:,
2014:,
1982:.
1532:vi
1349:).
1209:,
1189:,
1089:.
1070:,
964:".
818:.
661:.
642:.
602:.
4084:.
4075:.
4010:.
3968:.
3941:.
3915:.
3889:.
3862:.
3835:.
3808:.
3781:.
3754:.
3727:.
3684:.
3659:.
3600:.
3573:.
3533:.
3505:.
3480:.
3454:.
3428:.
3337:.
3310:.
3283:.
3252:.
3225:.
3195:)
3181:.
3141:)
3127:.
3043:.
3016:.
2941:.
2897:.
2878:.
2853:)
2839:.
2604:.
2549:.
2489:.
2468:.
2356:.
2144:.
2116:.
2088:.
1865:.
1805:.
1622:.
1591:.
1575:.
1431:(
1415:(
1387:(
1369:.
1273:.
1237:(
1229:(
1169:.
1161:(
1145:.
1137:(
1105:.
906:.
579:.
545:e
538:t
531:v
173:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
