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Despite the enforced break in the cultural transmission of her people, together with the distress of forced migration, disease, political treachery, and intertribal strife, a record of Howard's creative and artistic expression remains in her songs, poetry, and performances. In a 2021 publication,
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Victoria
Wishikin married Marc Dan Wacheno, a son of a Clackamas tribal chief at Grand Ronde, at about fifteen. She had nine children with him, many of whom died before her as a result of the disease and poverty at Grand Ronde. In 1903, at the age of 38, Victoria Wishikin Wacheno married Eustace
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twenty-five of Howard’s spoken-word performances were edited into verse form. The publication also contains original annotations taken from
Melville Jacobs' publications of Howard’s corpus of songs and stories.
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Victoria Howard died on
September 26, 1930, possibly as a result of a hit-and-run car accident while walking her grandchildren to church. She left her husband Eustace, their daughter and two granddaughters.
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speaker) who died when his daughter was about ten. Howard gained her knowledge of
Clackamas language and culture partly from her maternal grandmother Wagayuhlen Quiaquaty, a Clackamas medical
578:""As Our Elders Taught Us to Speak It": Chinuk Wawa and the "As Our Elders Taught Us to Speak It": Chinuk Wawa and the Process of Creating Authenticity Process of Creating Authenticity"
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and oral literature of the area. Jacobs had wanted to document the
Molalla language, but as Howard was more fluent in Clackamas and spoke English too, Jacobs spent a year with Howard
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A new dictionary too, distributed by the
University of Washington Press, draws for its contents on the legacy of many Chinook speakers and story tellers including Howard.
530:. Studies in the anthropology of North American Indians series. Lincoln Bloomington: University of Nebraska Press American Indian Research Institute, Indiana University.
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at Grand Ronde with whom she lived after her father's death, and later from her first mother-in-law, Charlotte
Wacheno. As a child, she learned
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the
Clackamas vocabulary, songs, myths, folktales, and traditional narratives that she dictated to him in the Clackamas language. He also made
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school children and are now regarded as a rich record of the
Indigenous northwest Oregon storytelling and performance art.
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Efforts are also being made by the
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and others to keep
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Howard was evidence of this, being the daughter of Sarah Quiaquaty Wishikin, herself a daughter of a
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of Indigenous songs. This repertoire of songs and stories together with their study by Jacobs,
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was founded. The Grand Ronde Reservation held a confederation of more than 27
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Howard's songs and stories were dictated, transcribed, and published as
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358:"Clackamas Chinook texts., by Melville Jacobs | The Online Books Page"
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there by the US government. The tribes from western Oregon, southern
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Smoothing the Ground: Essays on Native American Oral Literature
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Clackamas Chinook Performance Art: Verse Form Interpretations
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Howard, Victoria; Mason, Catharine; Jacobs, Melville (2021).
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The Longman Anthology of World Literature by Women 1875-1975
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Frontier Women and Their Art: A Chronological Encyclopedia
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Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
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Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
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Native American storyteller from Oregon c. 1865–1930
385:"Victoria (Wishikin) Wacheno Howard (c. 1865-1930)"
244:tribe chief, and of William Wishikin, a Tualatin (
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726:Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community
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313:Howard, a Santiam Kalapuyan from Grand Ronde.
181:They were used as classroom reading texts for
209:in northwest Oregon, only a decade after the
205:Victoria Wishikin was born circa 1865 on the
233:were relocated to free up land for incoming
219:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
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487:"Tribes strive to save native tongues"
436:"Meet 6 Badass Dames of Portland Yore"
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256:and the telling of Clackamas Chinook
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264:as well as of Oregon history.
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272:In 1928, Howard was approached by
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679:. Oregon Department of Education.
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179:Clackamas Chinook Texts.
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111:, American (after 1924)
59:Grand Ronde Reservation
584:. University of Denver
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654:"Victoria Howard" in
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464:willamettevalley.org
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665:(1983) Hymes, Dell.
76:Oregon City, Oregon
756:Women storytellers
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69:September 26, 1930
537:978-1-4962-2411-8
421:978-1-5381-0976-2
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71:(1930-09-26)
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588:16 December
556:Google News
211:reservation
105:Nationality
85:storyteller
41:Native name
700:Categories
637:2023-12-05
613:2023-12-05
561:5 December
504:5 December
469:2023-12-05
445:2023-12-05
394:2023-12-05
367:2023-12-05
344:References
302:Dell Hymes
298:repertoire
268:Adult life
231:California
189:Early life
183:Indigenous
82:Occupation
499:0882-7729
337:, alive.
246:Kalapuyan
201:in Oregon
164:Clackamas
93:English,
168:Tualatin
90:Language
61:, Oregon
45:Wishikin
280:at the
242:Molalla
146:, also
134:Parents
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321:Legacy
250:shaman
215:tribes
166:, and
160:Molala
156:Oregon
126:Spouse
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262:myths
116:Genre
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260:and
66:Died
51:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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