174:) negotiated treaties in 1851 with the Kalapuyans, including the Atfalati. Under the terms of a treaty of April 19, 1851, the Atfalatis ceded their lands in return for a small reservation at Wapato Lake as well as "money, clothing, blankets, tools, a few rifles, and a horse for each of their headmen--Kiacut, La Medicine, and Knolah." At the time of the treaty, there were 65 Atfalatis. The treaty resulted in the loss of much of the Atfalati's lands, but was preferable to removal east of the Cascade Mountains, which the government initially had demanded. This treaty, however, was never ratified.
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Euro-Americans began arriving in the
Atfalati's homeland in the early 19th century, and settlers in the 1840s. As with the other Kalapuyan peoples, the arrival of Euro-Americans led to dramatic social disruptions. By the 1830s the Atfalati had already begun to adopt Euro-American clothing styles. In
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in 1782 and 1783. These upheavals diminished the
Atfalati's ability to challenge white encroachment. It is estimated that the band was reduced to a population of around 600 in 1842, and had shrunk to only 60 in 1848.
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root, fish, berries, elk, and various nuts. To encourage the growth of the camas plant and maintain habitat beneficial to deer and elk, the group
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Before Euro-American contact, the
Atfalati were known for wearing adornment such a red feathers on the head. Both men and women had
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Atfalati people ranged around the valley, engaged in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Primary food stuffs included deer,
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132:, who could sometimes purchase their freedom with horses. The Atfalati lived in rectangular multi-family houses.
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185:(also known as the Willamette Valley Treaty or Dayton Treaty) was signed January 4, 1855, and ratified by
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showed only 44; a 1914 Smithsonian
Institution publication listed a single survivor living on the
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in
Washington. The degree to which the Atfalati assimilated with whites over time is not known.
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from them. Compared to the peoples to the south, the
Atfalati practiced a more severe form of
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the valley floor to discourage the growth of forests, a common practice among the
Kalapuya.
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Under continuing pressure, the government and
Kalapuya renegotiated a treaty with
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to be designated by the federal government. The government later designated the
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This Far-Off Sunset Land: A Pictorial
History of Washington County, Oregon
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who originally inhabited and continue to steward some 24 villages on the
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304:. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company Publishers. pp. 17–22.
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Banks, Jonathan (2007). "The Verbal
Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya".
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in the western part of the Willamette Valley at the foothills of the
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Robert H. Ruby, John A. Brown & Cary C. Collins, Atfalati, in
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showed 60 members living at the Grand Ronde reservation and the
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the 1830s, diseases had decimated Native populations in the
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By the 1850s, white settlers were rapidly populating the
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85:(Northern Kalapuya) language, which is one of the three
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Tribe of Native Americans of the Tualatin Valley, Oregon
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as the permanent reservation for a variety of tribes.
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A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest
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204:Following this, the Atfalati tribe declined; the
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62:; the Atfalati also live in the hills around
774:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
371:(3d ed. 2010, University of Oklahoma Press)
58:in the northwest part of the U.S. state of
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181:, Dart's successor. This treaty, the
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168:superintendent for Indian affairs
779:Native American tribes in Oregon
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264:Northwest Journal of Linguistics
116:, hanging long beads and bright
72:north fork of the Yamhill River
239:, another band of the Kalapuya
183:Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc.
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385:Four Directions Institute
300:Buan, Carolyn M. (1999).
195:Grand Ronde reservation
81:The Atfalati speak the
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122:infant head flattening
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39:, also known as the
93:History and culture
87:Kalapuyan languages
47:are a tribe of the
45:Wapato Lake Indians
36:[aˈtɸalati]
508:Bridge of the Gods
458:Salishan languages
214:Yakima Reservation
199:Oregon Coast Range
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142:smallpox epidemics
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549:Fort Clatsop
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64:Forest Grove
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23:Wapato Plant
468:Thunderbird
210:1910 Census
206:1870 census
191:reservation
179:Joel Palmer
68:Wapato Lake
768:Categories
518:Cayuse War
270:(2): 1–98.
249:References
164:Anson Dart
695:Tillamook
660:Nez Perce
655:Multnomah
635:Klickitat
605:Clackamas
443:Longhouse
438:Chinookan
794:Kalapuya
710:Umatilla
625:Kalapuya
615:Coquille
580:Atfalati
523:Potlatch
220:See also
187:Congress
118:dentalia
76:Portland
70:and the
66:, along
49:Kalapuya
41:Tualatin
29:Atfalati
715:Umpquat
705:Tututni
690:Takelma
685:Siuslaw
670:Santiam
640:Latgawa
630:Klamath
610:Clatsop
600:Chinook
585:Bannock
170:in the
110:pierced
700:Tolowa
680:Siletz
675:Shasta
650:Molala
595:Chetco
590:Cayuse
568:People
542:Places
501:Events
473:Wapato
426:Topics
308:
130:slaves
103:burned
60:Oregon
645:Modoc
575:Alsea
114:noses
99:camas
620:Coos
306:ISBN
32:IPA:
27:The
43:or
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320:^
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166:,
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399:v
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