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858:, which provoked settler paranoia of indigenous violence. The Klamath were asked to leave, but they refused. Local Molala headman Crooked Finger protected the right for Klamath to reside among their Molala relatives. After a series of thefts, an armed group of settlers killed several Klamath and forced them to flee eastwards into the Cascade Mountains. One late 19th century account misremembered the violence as between settlers and Molala, rather than the Klamath.
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949:"He was proud of his Indian blood and urged his people to stand by their race. Fifty years of education and training has made the Indians capable of citizenship. He thought the future was bright with hope for the Indians. He urged his people to seize the opportunities that surround them and make the most of them."
969:
In
September 1913 Yelkes was found dead with head injuries. Two months later in November, a Clackamas County grand jury issued a warrant for Harry Clark, a mixed race native. The coroner upon examination of Yelkes' body felt he died from alcohol. In the subsequent trial the jury concluded there was a
820:
He skinned
Grizzly, then began cutting him up; he scattered his body in little pieces all over. Then to the Molala country he threw the heart. He said, "Now the Molala will be good hunters: they will all be good men, thinking and studying about hunting deer. They will think all the time they are on a
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were "economically the most important resource exploited" by the Molala peoples. While they employed pitfalls and snares, most big game hunting was accomplished by bow and arrow. Hunting dogs were trained to pursue game as well. Klamath informants told Spier that Molala dogs were small, "with short
960:
Henry Yelkes was one of the last Molala yaʔqánt. He maintained a homestead on the
Northern fork of the Molalla River and was held in high regard by neighboring settlers. In September 1913, during festivities in the town of Molalla, Yelkes was the guest of honor. The event was held to celebrate the
331:
When seasonal resources became available the family would separate into smaller groups to exploit and gather them. Due to these population trends leadership among the Molala was in turn quite decentralized, localized, and task-orientated. The wealthiest individuals of a village were referred to as
327:
Molala society was centered upon winter villages. Usually these were composed of a single extended family and placed in low-elevation locations. Winter homesteads were made of red cedar and western hemlock planks and semi-subterranean. Summer homes were unexcavated and composed of either thatch or
893:
Because these agreements allowed for the
Kalapuyans and Molala to retain portions of the Willamette Valley, settlers protested the Dart Treaties. Their complaints reached the US Congress, which subsequently refused to approve the Treaties. Dart resigned in consequence, leaving the issue of Molala
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was practiced to bolster the desirability of their women to the
Chinookans. While some intermarriage with Kalapuyans was reported, the Molala attacked them for slaves. The Klamath people were intimately close to the Molala, enough to "suggest contact between these two groups throughout the entire
937:
To avoid the settler violence, some
Southern Molala moved onto the Klamath Reservation during the mid-19th century. In April 1870, a Molala resident of the Klamath Reservation named Spike attempted to kill three people, succeeding in murdering one Klamath. He was captured and presented to Agency
885:
Going against his initial orders, Dart eventually acquiesced to establishing reservations in the
Willamette Valley. Among the Treaties drafted by Dart were two for the Molala. In exchange for yielding much of their territory, on 6 May, the Northern Molala agreed to payments of goods, cash, and a
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Prior to the introduction of horses in the 1820s-1830s, Molala contact with their neighbors appears to have been slight. They resided between several divergent cultural areas which were shaped by distinct ecological regions. Among the bordering peoples were the
Kalapuya to west in the Willamette
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peoples. Gatschet reported the last known Cayuse raid occurred in the late 1820s. A Molala man of social prominence was killed in the attack. A Clackamas man served as an intermediary between the Molala and the Cayuse raiders to arrange for a battle. In the ensuing two day skirmish the
Molalas
356:
The Molala were initially separated into two groups by scholars, although evidence of a third division exists. However, little is recorded of the linguistic and cultural diversity among the Molala peoples. The three reported groupings are the
Southern Molala, the Upper Santiam Molala, and the
901:
in January 1855 he oversaw a series of negotiations that resulted in the Willamette Valley Treaty. Among others, the Northern and Upper Santiam Molala agreed to abandon the Willamette Valley in favor of a location selected by Palmer. The agreement was ratified by Congress in March 1855.
910:
In Autumn 1855 "the last Indian scare of any importance" in the Willamette Valley occurred. Fears arose that a force of Klamath were incoming to sack settler homesteads. After a day however a group of Molalas informed the fearful settlers no conflict with the Klamath was imminent.
297:
During the 1960s, Rigsby interviewed several informants at the Warm Springs Reservation to match Murdock's narrative. No one recalled stories of conflict with the Molala, or of their supposed eviction from Tygh Valley. One informant stated that after the fish runs ended in the
815:
encountered Grizzly Bear, who challenged them to a duel. Rather than combat, Coyotes suggests on seeing who could eat the most hot stones. However, instead of ingesting rocks, Coyote ate wild strawberries. After eating five hot stones Grizzly Bear died and Coyote studied the
965:"I am the last of the Molalla Indians. They named this place from our tribe. When I was a boy there were many of my people here Now they are all gone. My hat of deerskin and flicker feathers belonged to my grandfather. But he and the old times are gone."
309:
determined that Sahaptin inhabitation of Tygh Valley and utilization of the Deschutes Watershed predated the 19th century. Both French and Rigsby concluded the regional resources were jointly used by Sahaptin speakers, Wasco-Wishram peoples, and the
878:. Federal orders were for the various native peoples residing west of Cascades to be forcibly relocated to reservations established to the east of the mountains. Dart started negotiations with the various Willamette Valley natives in Spring 1851 at
914:
During the winter of 1855-1856 the Northern Molala and Upper Santiam Molala were forced to relocate to the newly established Grand Ronde Reservation. In 1889 there were reportedly 31 Molalas residing on the Grand Ronde Reservation.
519:
legs, the hind legs crooked. They were short-haired, had erect ears, short faces, with sometimes black marks on the upper eyelids..." A number of other animals were hunted, not for sustenance but for feathers or fur, such as the
773:
Only a few Molala myths remain extant, recorded by ethnographers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Boas recounts a story told by the Molala of the world once being entirely covered in water. As the world ocean receded,
861:
During June 1848 a group of Molala or Klamath were suspected of stealing clothing and a horse. A militia was formed and pursued the group of natives, who abandoned the settler's horse and two horses of their own.
847:
admonished the violence for creating tension with the natives of the Willamette Valley. The violence was in retaliation for a visiting Klamath having stolen "some article of trifling value..."
1525:
926:" constantly annoying the settlers by passing to and fro over our premises, leaving fences down, and occasionally committing petit larcenies...The fact is, these Indians are a nuisance..."
2152:
1440:
882:. He was unable to get anyone to agree to removal into Eastern Oregon. The general lack of knowledge of available food resources in the unfamiliar region caused much of the protest.
627:
Located nearby Crater Lake, Huckleberry Mountain was the "single-most important berry-gathering area" for the Southern Molala and Klamath. Edible berries in the vicinity include the
271:
The three informants used by Teit were appraised as being invalid by other scholars. None were descendants or related to the Molala, Northern Paiute, or the Tenino. According to
268:. He claimed pressure from the Northern Paiute forced the Molala to relocate to the Western Cascades. Joel V. Berreman accepted Teit's hypothesis and in 1937 expanded upon it.
1695:
Sketch of the Wallamette Valley, showing the purchases and reservations made by the Board of Commissioners, appointed to treat with the Indians of Oregon. April and May 1851
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reservation centered on the Molalla River eastwards to the Cascades. On the following day the Upper Santiam Molala agreed to similar terms, with a reservation going from
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74:
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294:. According to Murdock, sometime in the early 19th century, coveting this bountiful resource, Tenino warriors forced the Molala to flee to the western Cascades.
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978:
A private collection of Molala artifacts located in Mt Angel in 1931 included 535 flint arrowheads, an 8 inch tomahawk head, and an assortment of beadwork.
3919:
961:
opening of passenger rail service by the Portland, Eugene & Eastern Railway Company. Before the assembled crowds, the otherwise reserved Yelkes spoke:
897:
Joel Palmer was the next Superintendent who negotiated a series of Treaties with Oregon Natives that were largely approved by the Federal Government. At
278:
In the 1930s Tenino informants of the Warm Springs Reservation told Murdock that Molalas once had a winter village in Tygh Valley. Large quantities of
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considered the Molala to have once "occupied a belt of mountain country south of the Columbia River, chiefly about Mounts Hood and Jefferson."
2031:
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At the opening ceremonies of the 1915 Siletz Fair, a Molala headman named John Williams delivered an address that was described by the
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46:. There are few recorded sources about the Molala, the majority being unpublished manuscripts. This assortment includes the works of
1406:
1613:
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The Northern Molala principally were concentrated in the Molalla River watershed. The only recorded Northern Molala autonym is
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A prominent story is the creation of the Molala people, told by Stephen Savage to Gatschet in 1877. One day near Mount Hood,
237:
inundated the region. Fire was utilized by the Molala to create openings in these dense stands for preferred food resources.
78:
35:
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were captured by either basket traps or harpoons. Once gathered the meat was dried and stored for future consumption.
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are called the "Upper Santiam Molala" by ethnologists to differentiate them from the neighboring Santiam Kalapuyans.
275:
this didn't "constitute an adequate basis for a definitive reconstruction of the history" of these native societies.
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1360:
1255:"'Notes on the Tenino, Molala, and Paiute of Oregon' in Tribal Distribution in Eastern Oregon and Adjacent Regions"
306:
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A number of plant resources were utilized seasonally by the Molala. In their western territories were prairies of
938:
officials. After a short trial Spike was executed by hanging. In 1881 there 55 Molalas living among the Klamath.
248:
In his 1846 work Hale placed the Molala as largely between the Deschutes River and the Eastern Cascades. In 1891
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760:, "upstreamers", occasionally attacked Molala settlements for slaves These slavers were from the Cayuse and
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area of Molala occupation." The Southern Molala exchanged buckskins in return for Klamath crafted beads and
957:. There, they were joined by 50 Grand Ronde members, and the group participated in the annual hop harvest.
360:
283:
2075:
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566:, dried, blended with hazelnuts, and stored in sacks. To east, in the higher elevations of the Cascades,
1933:
1908:
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197:
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931:
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851:
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24:
2019:
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1882:
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1826:
1502:
Eighty-Fifth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior
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Valley, the Upper Chinookans to north on the Columbia River, and the Klamath to the southeast.
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3577:
2047:
1979:
1643:
1457:
636:
567:
498:
433:
311:
202:
47:
1500:
314:. The Molala perhaps visited but didn't permanently inhabit the area during the 19th century.
1929:
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as "eloquent, patriotic and impressive." The newspaper continued to detail Williams' speech:
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579:
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394:
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2003:
1749:
1521:
1078:"A Most Sacred Place: The Significance of Crater Lake among the Indians of Southern Oregon"
954:
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westward to the Santiam River. There were 121 or 123 Molalas total between the two groups.
644:
632:
571:
222:
1658:
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In late March 1848, settlers burnt down a Molala headman's household who was out hunting.
8:
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998:
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lack of evidence tying Clark to the death of Yelkes. Clark was released in January 1914.
640:
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55:
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Reportedly in November 1870 an outbreak of smallpox spread among the Molala residing in
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As of 2008, Molala produced beaded moccasins and woven baskets were on display at the
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Upper Chinookan crafted canoes were particularly sought after by the Northern Molala.
85:. In the 1950s 141 of the 882 Grand Ronde Reservation members claimed Molala descent.
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1303:
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750:
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1843:, ed. (1913-09-21). "New 'Iron Horse' too much for 'Old Buck,' Pioneer of Molalla".
1489:
3825:
3640:
3524:
3489:
3484:
3464:
3434:
3362:
1983:
1938:
1913:
1815:
Hunsacker, Thomas H. (1917-03-03). Shelton, J. E. (ed.). "A Tale of Pioneer Days".
1770:
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1295:
879:
725:
718:
692:
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551:
377:
210:
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1142:
1037:"The First Stage of the Federal Indian Policy in the Pacific Northwest, 1849-1852"
19:
This article is about the Native American people. For their extinct language, see
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386:, far-off people, by the Northern Molala, while the Klamath referred to them as
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3760:
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3717:
3675:
3660:
3514:
3499:
3459:
3414:
3219:
1954:
Taber, Graham P., ed. (1913-09-24). "Chief Henry Yelkis is believed murdered".
1896:
Putnam, George, ed. (1931-08-18). "Indian Relics Kronberg Home Are Fine Show".
1586:
1466:. Contributions to North American Ethnology. Vol. 2, Part I. Washington, D.C.:
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1284:"Too Small a Place: The Removal of the Willamette Valley Indians, 1850-1856"
1013:(c. 1844–1938), ethnographic informant and among the last speakers of Molala
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3722:
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1995:
1660:[Tualatin and Santiam Kalapuyan linguistic and ethnographic notes.]
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Cultural Resource Overview of Willamette National Forest, Western Oregon
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1101:
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Manuscript No. 998. Washington D.C.: National Anthropological Archives.
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influence. Ownership of slaves and horses, along with animal hides and
305:
After a decade of work among the Wascos and Sahaptins of Warm Springs,
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214:
51:
1270:
1254:
850:
During the Spring 1848, eighty Klamath people arrived in contemporary
798:
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1612:. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 12. Washington D.C.:
829:
The Molala believed they were created by Coyote from atop Mount Hood.
761:
672:
532:
3593:
1299:
302:, certain Molala would travel to Sherars Falls to continue fishing.
3645:
3454:
3409:
3352:
154:
1857:, ed. (1913-11-23). "Harry Clark held for death of Indian Henry".
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were gathered in the summer and autumn. Camas bulbs were baked in
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3534:
3519:
3469:
3439:
953:
In September 1919 Williams led a group of 60 Siletz residents to
825:
1401:. Memoirs of American Anthropological Association. Menasha, WI:
3529:
3509:
2145:"Huckleberry Mountain Serves Indigenous for Thousands of Years"
1885:, ed. (1919-09-04). "Heap Big Chief Lead Braves to Hop Yards".
1560:
Coyote was going there: Indian literature of the Oregon country
696:
528:
524:
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by settlers. Assistance to relatives was the primary source of
39:
2104:"The Battle of Abiqua, Second Battle of the Willamette Valley"
368:
The Southern Molala inhabited the headwaters of the Rogue and
3404:
2487:
1336:"The Waiilatpuan Problem: More on Cayuse-Molala Relatability"
1319:
1274:
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2504:
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1829:, ed. (1913-08-10). "Last of Molallas, a contented farmer".
554:, an important caloric source. Found in the drier prairies,
2232:
2230:
1520:. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers. Eugene, OR:
2761:
2684:
2451:
2427:
2357:
2355:
1871:, ed. (1914-01-16). ""Indian Harry" is found not guilty".
1178:
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
75:
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
2990:
2840:
2730:
2600:
2526:
2499:
2337:
3204:
2713:
2711:
2514:
2315:
2313:
2227:
1793:
Hendricks, R. J., ed. (1886-11-05). "Mill Creek Falls".
1499:
McClane, James (1889). "Report of Grande Ronde Agency".
1115:"Indian Languages of the Pacific States and Territories"
348:, were the primary sources of wealth in Molala society.
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2636:
2624:
2581:
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2415:
2379:
2352:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
1975:
Winuunsi Tm Talapaas: A Grammar of the Molalla Language
778:
became exposed first and latter the Willamette Valley.
436:
as a Molala village located on the Santiam headwaters.
3091:
3089:
2648:
2439:
1891:. Vol. 18, no. 154. Portland, OR. p. 6.
1877:. Vol. 12, no. 269. Portland, OR. p. 2.
1849:. Vol. 10, no. 24. Portland, OR. p. 10.
1781:. Vol. 1, no. 12. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1542:. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1539:
Indian Linguistic Families of America: North of Mexico
582:. After being gathered huckleberries would be dried.
3125:
3002:
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2857:
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2403:
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2310:
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1863:. Vol. 10, no. 33. Portland, OR. p. 1.
1835:. Vol. 10, no. 18. Portland, OR. p. 7.
1365:
University of Washington Publications in Anthropology
922:
complained about the nearby Grand Ronde Reservation:
157:. The Tenino additionally referred to the Molalas as
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3113:
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2828:
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2612:
2545:
2463:
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2215:
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1722:"[Letter from Molalla, September 23, 1857.]"
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3062:
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2792:
2780:
2749:
2391:
2325:
1821:. Vol. 52, no. 63. Eugene, OR. p. 8.
1799:. Vol. 19, no. 189. Salem, OR. p. 2.
264:presented the idea that the Molala once resided in
3192:
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2569:
2295:
2278:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
1221:"Minto Pass: Its History, and an Indian Tradition"
3149:
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3026:
3014:
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2905:
2881:
2212:
1761:Collins, Robert E., ed. (1914-09-13). "Newport".
570:were collected in the late summer; alongside the
3906:
3249:
2917:
1740:Brown, Mart V., ed. (1870-11-25). "State News".
255:
2696:
2193:
1804:Hendricks, R. J., ed. (1915-04-08). "Molalla".
717:is extinct. Currently it is included among the
244:A mixed western hemlock and Douglas fir canopy
16:Native American tribe in present-day Oregon, US
1226:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
1041:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
3609:
3235:
2346:
1688:
1147:International Journal of American Linguistics
2000:Linguistic relations in the Southern Plateau
1414:Chapman, Judith S.; Ray, Lois E. H. (2008).
997:, and the Museum of the Oregon Territory of
3920:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
2875:
2592:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGatschet1877 (
1928:
209:Molala territory once stretched across the
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3184:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJackson1914 (
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2493:
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2236:
1673:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1599:
1595:, Berkeley: University of California Press
1513:
1463:The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon
1442:Huckleberry Mountain Traditional-Use Study
1413:
225:headwaters in the south. Dense forests of
97:is considered to have originated from the
3568:Native American peoples of Oregon history
3131:
3008:
2899:
2772:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2741:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2722:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZenkRigsby (
2319:
2187:
1942:. Vol. 3. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1917:. Vol. 5. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1814:
1803:
1792:
1752:, ed. (1870-04-15). "An Indian Tragedy".
1642:
1112:
838:
106:. Variants in written literature include
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3119:
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2433:
2385:
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2020:"The Early Treaty Making Period of 1851"
1906:
1867:
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1839:
1825:
1614:United States Government Printing Office
1468:United States Government Printing Office
1456:
1390:
824:
541:
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359:
239:
196:
73:Descendants of the Molala reside on the
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2928:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCTSI2024 (
2690:
2457:
2445:
2304:
2289:
1971:
1881:
1760:
1634:. Manuscript No. 999. Washington D.C.:
1498:
1249:
1168:"The Molalla: a nation of good hunters"
1165:
876:Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs
735:
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3198:
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2409:
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2260:
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2142:
1994:
1895:
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1720:Adams, Williams L., ed. (1857-09-26).
1653:
1556:
1532:
1326:
1281:
1188:
1133:
865:
732:being considered the closest related.
682:
3930:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
3623:
3597:
3308:Western Oregon Indian Termination Act
3223:
3155:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2960:
2911:
2887:
2834:
2798:
2786:
2755:
2678:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2575:
2102:Lewis, David G. (December 30, 2017).
2101:
2073:
2045:
2028:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
1953:
1769:
1739:
1719:
1581:
1438:
1215:
1075:
286:were gathered every spring along the
79:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
2945:
2923:
2421:
2397:
2331:
2206:
1627:
1484:
1403:American Anthropological Association
1354:
1034:
2702:
2118:
1907:Schnebly, D. J., ed. (1851-05-15).
1514:Minor, Rick; Pecor, Aubrey (1977).
854:. This occurred during the ongoing
13:
1692:; Starling, Edward A. (May 1851).
765:considered themselves victorious.
14:
3941:
1636:National Anthropological Archives
1340:Journal of Northwest Anthropology
1191:"New Light on the Molala Indians"
1004:
918:In 1857, settlers located around
88:
3915:Native American tribes in Oregon
3841:Oregon Constitutional Convention
3694:
3321:
2125:Native Languages of the Americas
2017:
1528:from the original on 2024-02-18.
1452:from the original on 2020-09-29.
1409:from the original on 2020-07-10.
1143:"Clackamas Chinook Texts Part 2"
797:
785:
613:
601:
589:
497:
485:
473:
401:People of the Serviceberry Tract
2155:from the original on 2020-10-31
2131:from the original on 2023-01-22
2090:from the original on 2023-11-10
2062:from the original on 2023-12-13
2034:from the original on 2023-11-30
1023:
756:Groups of armed men called the
428:as a native settlement outside
351:
42:that originally resided in the
1621:
1565:University of Washington Press
1373:University of Washington Press
905:
546:A bread made from camas bulbs.
432:, which was later reported by
1:
2167:
1972:Pharris, Nicholas J. (2006).
1934:"Willamette Indian Relations"
1713:
1398:Tribal Distribution in Oregon
1113:Gatschet, Albert S. (1877a).
256:Tygh Valley origin hypothesis
205:, part of the Molala homeland
3250:Indigenous peoples in Oregon
2143:Turner, Kenan (2017-02-24).
2106:. Ethnohistory Research, LLC
2076:"Willamette Valley Treaties"
1728:. Oregon City, OR. p. 2
1557:Ramsey, Jarold, ed. (1977).
1361:"The Middle Columbia Salish"
1119:Magazine of American History
768:
284:Columbia River redband trout
7:
2011:
1663:. University of Washington.
1494:. Philadelphia: C. Sherman.
1196:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1082:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1028:
1019:(c. 1865–1930), storyteller
702:
192:
10:
3946:
3766:Lewis and Clark Expedition
3278:Northern Kalapuya language
2052:www.oregonencyclopedia.org
1775:"Indian Depredations, ETC"
1507:Government Printing Office
1391:Berreman, Joel V. (1937).
833:
706:
322:
317:
179:. The Molalas were called
18:
3854:
3751:
3703:
3692:
3631:
3558:
3397:
3371:
3330:
3319:
3283:Oregon Penutian languages
3263:Central Kalapuya language
3255:
2347:Gibbs & Starling 1851
2084:Oregon Historical Society
2056:Oregon Historical Society
2048:"Kalapuya Treaty of 1855"
1978:(Thesis). Ann Arbor, MI:
1965:
1491:Ethnography and Philology
1334:; Goss, James A. (eds.).
1288:American Indian Quarterly
1125:(3): 145–166 – via
1049:Oregon Historical Society
973:
169:, likely borrowed by the
2074:Lewis, David G. (2014).
1888:The Oregon Daily Journal
1874:The Oregon Daily Journal
1860:The Oregon Daily Journal
1846:The Oregon Daily Journal
1832:The Oregon Daily Journal
1765:. Toledo, OR. p. 1.
1744:. Albany, OR. p. 2.
1700:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1589:; Lowie, Robert (eds.),
1563:. Seattle & London:
1384:
1377:University of Washington
1346:(2): 68–146 – via
1017:Victoria Wishikin Howard
894:sovereignty unresolved.
336:by the Molala or simply
129:. Related terms used by
25:Molalla (disambiguation)
3831:Donation Land Claim Act
2046:Jette, Melinda (2014).
1960:. Salem, OR. p. 4.
1902:. Salem, OR. p. 4.
1810:. Salem, OR. p. 6.
1756:. Salem, OR. p. 2.
1754:Weekly Oregon Statesman
1682:
1439:Deur, Douglas (2002b).
1355:Teit, James H. (1928).
1282:Spores, Ronald (1993).
1259:American Anthropologist
1189:MacKey, Harold (1972).
1166:Johnson, Oscar (1999).
1076:Deur, Douglas (2002a).
464:
410:The North Santiam River
3864:Lewis & Clark Expo
3211:Chapman & Ray 2008
2852:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2607:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2540:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2521:Minor & Pecor 1977
2509:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2494:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2249:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2237:Zenk & Rigsby 1998
2149:Jefferson Public Radio
1980:University of Michigan
1742:States Rights Democrat
1606:Sturtevant, William C.
967:
951:
928:
839:Tensions with settlers
830:
823:
629:Littleleaf Huckleberry
620:Pacific Serviceberries
608:Mountain Huckleberries
568:Mountain Huckleberries
547:
444:
411:
365:
245:
206:
203:Umpqua National Forest
131:neighboring indigenous
23:. For other uses, see
1763:Lincoln County Reader
1604:(1998). "Molala". In
1420:. Images of America.
1375:: 83–128 – via
963:
947:
943:Lincoln County Leader
924:
828:
818:
576:Oval-leaf Huckleberry
545:
453:, used to mean both "
442:
409:
363:
243:
200:
3884:Rajneeshee Bioattack
3786:Hudson's Bay Company
2770:, pp. 439, 443.
2566:, pp. 157, 426.
2004:University of Oregon
1932:, ed. (1848-03-23).
1773:, ed. (1848-06-24).
1698:. Washington, D.C.:
1522:University of Oregon
1139:Voegelin, Charles F.
1035:Coan, C. F. (1921).
736:Neighoring societies
649:Evergreen Blackberry
492:Columbian Black-Deer
221:in the north to the
3811:Executive Committee
3776:Pacific Fur Company
3743:Cascadia Megathrust
2999:, pp. 181–183.
2739:, pp. 439–440.
2693:, pp. 358–359.
2496:, pp. 441–442.
2460:, pp. 396–398.
2251:, pp. 444–445.
2080:Oregon Encyclopedia
1957:The Capital Journal
1930:T'Vault, William G.
1899:The Capital Journal
1644:Gatschet, Albert S.
1616:. pp. 439–445.
1592:Klamath Ethnography
1534:Powell, John Wesley
1509:. pp. 269–270.
1505:. Washington D.C.:
1458:Gatschet, Albert S.
1047:(1). Portland, OR:
1011:Molala Kate Chantal
999:Oregon City, Oregon
866:Treaty negotiations
683:Manufacturerd items
380:. They were called
372:along the bases of
56:Leo J. Frachtenberg
3338:Bridge of the Gods
3288:Salishan languages
2633:, pp. 9, 160.
2424:, p. 100-101.
2121:"Molale (Molalla)"
1909:"Treaties 5 and 6"
1587:Kroeber, Alfred L.
1422:Arcadia Publishing
1371:(4). Seattle, WA:
1211:– via JSTOR.
1155:Indiana University
831:
653:Blackcap Raspberry
548:
445:
434:Albert S. Gatschet
412:
366:
250:John Wesley Powell
246:
207:
48:Albert S. Gatschet
3925:Willamette Valley
3902:
3901:
3801:Champoeg Meetings
3796:Methodist Mission
3728:Willamette Valley
3713:Pacific Northwest
3625:History of Oregon
3591:
3590:
3313:Yoncalla language
3293:Shastan languages
2825:, pp. 64–65.
2768:Zenk & Rigsby
2737:Zenk & Rigsby
2718:Zenk & Rigsby
2645:, p. 30, 32.
2484:, pp. 81–82.
2436:, p. 44- 46.
2364:, pp. 80–81.
1807:Statesman Journal
1796:Statesman Journal
1779:Oregon Free Press
1750:Clarke, Samuel A.
1574:978-0-295-95441-7
1549:978-0-598-28444-0
1477:978-0-665-52744-9
1431:978-0-7385-5613-0
1332:Sprague, Roderick
633:Western Blueberry
596:Wild Strawberries
572:Cascade Blueberry
516:Black-tailed deer
443:The Molalla River
357:Northern Molala.
300:Willamette Valley
235:western red cedar
3937:
3826:Oregon Territory
3698:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3363:Rogue River Wars
3325:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2949:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:, p. 20-21.
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2191:
2185:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2007:
1991:
1961:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1939:Oregon Spectator
1925:
1923:
1922:
1914:Oregon Spectator
1903:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1850:
1836:
1822:
1818:The Eugene Guard
1811:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1771:Curry, George L.
1766:
1757:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1655:Jacobs, Melville
1650:
1639:
1617:
1600:Zenk, Henry B.;
1596:
1578:
1553:
1529:
1510:
1495:
1481:
1453:
1451:
1435:
1410:
1380:
1351:
1323:
1278:
1246:
1212:
1185:
1180:. Archived from
1162:
1130:
1109:
1072:
932:Clackamas County
852:Clackamas county
801:
789:
719:Plateau Penutian
617:
605:
593:
501:
489:
477:
378:Mount McLoughlin
346:dentalium crafts
211:Western Cascades
93:The designation
44:Western Cascades
3945:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3850:
3791:Oregon Question
3747:
3733:Missoula Floods
3699:
3690:
3627:
3622:
3592:
3587:
3578:Pioneer history
3573:History to 1806
3554:
3495:Northern Paiute
3393:
3367:
3358:Missoula Floods
3343:Kalapuya Treaty
3326:
3317:
3251:
3248:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2952:
2944:
2937:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2194:
2186:
2175:
2170:
2158:
2156:
2134:
2132:
2109:
2107:
2093:
2091:
2065:
2063:
2037:
2035:
2024:www.ctsi.nsn.us
2014:
1968:
1945:
1943:
1920:
1918:
1784:
1782:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1704:
1702:
1685:
1666:
1665:
1624:
1575:
1550:
1478:
1449:
1432:
1387:
1330:(Spring 1969).
1300:10.2307/1185526
1251:Murdock, George
1135:Jacobs, Meville
1031:
1026:
1007:
991:Whatcom Museums
976:
908:
868:
845:William T'Vault
841:
836:
809:
808:
807:
806:
805:
802:
794:
793:
790:
771:
746:Head flattening
738:
722:language family
715:Molala language
711:
709:Molala language
705:
685:
675:from the local
661:Blue Elderberry
645:Black Twinberry
641:Wild Strawberry
637:Manzanita Berry
625:
624:
623:
622:
621:
618:
610:
609:
606:
598:
597:
594:
580:Red Huckleberry
509:
508:
507:
506:
505:
502:
494:
493:
490:
482:
481:
478:
467:
354:
325:
320:
312:Northern Paiute
307:David H. French
288:Deschutes River
258:
227:western hemlock
195:
91:
64:Melville Jacobs
36:Native American
28:
21:Molala language
17:
12:
11:
5:
3943:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Bonneville Dam
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Oregon Country
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3738:Fort Rock Cave
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Columbia River
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3583:Modern history
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3560:Oregon history
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3191:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3132:Hendricks 1915
3124:
3112:
3100:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3009:Hunsacker 1917
3001:
2989:
2987:, p. 178.
2977:
2965:
2950:
2935:
2916:
2904:
2900:Hendricks 1886
2892:
2880:
2868:
2866:, p. 118.
2856:
2854:, p. 444.
2839:
2837:, p. 241.
2827:
2815:
2813:, p. 240.
2803:
2791:
2779:
2760:
2748:
2729:
2720:, p. 440.
2707:
2695:
2683:
2681:, p. 194.
2671:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2621:, p. 158.
2611:
2609:, p. 440.
2599:
2590:, p. 363.
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2542:, p. 445.
2525:
2513:
2511:, p. 443.
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2448:, p. 400.
2438:
2426:
2414:
2412:, p. 127.
2402:
2400:, p. 197.
2390:
2388:, p. 157.
2378:
2376:, p. 134.
2366:
2351:
2336:
2334:, p. 214.
2324:
2320:Gatschet 1877a
2309:
2294:
2277:
2265:
2263:, p. 551.
2253:
2241:
2239:, p. 439.
2226:
2211:
2192:
2188:Gatschet 1877b
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2140:
2116:
2099:
2071:
2043:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2002:. Eugene, OR:
1992:
1988:2027.42/125859
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1926:
1904:
1893:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1837:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1767:
1758:
1746:
1737:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1651:
1640:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1554:
1548:
1530:
1511:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1454:
1436:
1430:
1411:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1352:
1324:
1294:(2): 171–191.
1279:
1265:(3): 395–402.
1247:
1233:(3): 241–250.
1213:
1186:
1184:on 2020-01-16.
1163:
1131:
1110:
1073:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1005:Notable Molala
1003:
983:British Museum
975:
972:
907:
904:
874:was appointed
867:
864:
840:
837:
835:
832:
803:
796:
795:
791:
784:
783:
782:
781:
780:
770:
767:
737:
734:
707:Main article:
704:
701:
689:composite bows
684:
681:
665:Red Elderberry
619:
612:
611:
607:
600:
599:
595:
588:
587:
586:
585:
584:
537:Chinook salmon
504:Chinook Salmon
503:
496:
495:
491:
484:
483:
479:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
466:
463:
459:Molala people"
455:Molala person"
414:Molala of the
353:
350:
324:
321:
319:
316:
280:Sockeye salmon
273:George Murdock
257:
254:
201:A view of the
194:
191:
90:
89:Origin of name
87:
83:Klamath Tribes
60:Philip Drucker
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3942:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Oregon Treaty
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3550:Wasco/Wishram
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3213:, p. 11.
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3176:
3169:
3168:Jackson 1913c
3164:
3157:
3152:
3145:
3144:Jackson 1913b
3140:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3120:Jackson 1913a
3116:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3071:, p. 12.
3070:
3065:
3059:, p. 33.
3058:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2974:
2973:Schnebly 1851
2969:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2948:, p. 56.
2947:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2925:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2801:, p. 41.
2800:
2795:
2789:, p. 24.
2788:
2783:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2758:, p. 59.
2757:
2752:
2744:
2738:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2588:Gatschet 1877
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2564:Gatschet 1890
2560:
2554:, p. 78.
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2523:, p. 80.
2522:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2472:, p. 80.
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2434:Berreman 1937
2430:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2387:
2386:Gatschet 1890
2382:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2275:, p. 44.
2274:
2273:Berreman 1937
2269:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2105:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:Rigsby, Bruce
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:Gibbs, George
1687:
1686:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:Rigsby, Bruce
1598:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1583:Spier, Leslie
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:Hale, Horatio
1483:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:Spier, Leslie
1389:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:Rigsby, Bruce
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:Smoke Signals
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
971:
966:
962:
958:
956:
950:
946:
944:
939:
935:
933:
927:
923:
921:
916:
912:
903:
900:
895:
891:
889:
888:Mt. Jefferson
883:
881:
877:
873:
863:
859:
857:
853:
848:
846:
827:
822:
817:
814:
800:
788:
779:
777:
766:
763:
759:
754:
752:
747:
742:
733:
731:
727:
723:
720:
716:
710:
700:
698:
694:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
616:
604:
592:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:tarweed seeds
557:
553:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
513:
512:Roosevelt elk
500:
488:
480:Roosevelt Elk
476:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
417:
416:Santiam River
408:
404:
402:
398:
396:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
375:
371:
370:Umpqua Rivers
362:
358:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
315:
313:
308:
303:
301:
295:
293:
292:Sherars Falls
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
269:
267:
263:
253:
251:
242:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Molalla River
216:
212:
204:
199:
190:
188:
184:
183:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
3806:Oregon Trail
3781:Fort Astoria
3771:Fort Clatsop
3723:Celilo Falls
3686:Reservations
3665:
3479:
3389:Mount Mazama
3384:Celilo Falls
3379:Fort Clatsop
3206:
3194:
3180:Jackson 1914
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3108:Jackson 1919
3103:
3096:Collins 1914
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2876:T'Vault 1848
2871:
2859:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2763:
2751:
2732:
2698:
2691:Pharris 2006
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2583:
2578:, p. 4.
2571:
2559:
2547:
2516:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2458:Murdock 1938
2453:
2446:Murdock 1938
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2327:
2305:McClane 1889
2290:Johnson 1999
2268:
2256:
2244:
2157:. Retrieved
2148:
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
2119:NLA (2005).
2108:. Retrieved
2092:. Retrieved
2079:
2064:. Retrieved
2051:
2036:. Retrieved
2023:
1999:
1974:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1937:
1919:. Retrieved
1912:
1897:
1886:
1883:Jackson, Sam
1872:
1869:Jackson, Sam
1858:
1855:Jackson, Sam
1844:
1841:Jackson, Sam
1830:
1827:Jackson, Sam
1816:
1805:
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1778:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:Oregon Argus
1725:
1703:. Retrieved
1694:
1659:
1647:
1632:
1609:
1591:
1559:
1538:
1516:
1501:
1490:
1462:
1441:
1416:
1397:
1368:
1364:
1348:Google Books
1343:
1339:
1318:– via
1291:
1287:
1273:– via
1262:
1258:
1241:– via
1230:
1224:
1203:(1): 63–65.
1200:
1194:
1182:the original
1171:
1159:Project MUSE
1157:– via
1150:
1146:
1127:Google Books
1122:
1118:
1104:– via
1088:(1): 18–49.
1085:
1081:
1067:– via
1044:
1040:
1024:Bibliography
980:
977:
968:
964:
959:
955:Independence
952:
948:
942:
940:
936:
929:
925:
917:
913:
909:
896:
892:
884:
869:
860:
849:
842:
819:
810:
792:Grizzly Bear
772:
757:
755:
743:
739:
712:
687:Molala made
686:
657:Thimbleberry
626:
549:
510:
458:
454:
449:
448:
446:
424:
423:
413:
400:
397:-Area-People
395:Serviceberry
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:
367:
355:
352:Subdivisions
341:
333:
330:
326:
304:
296:
277:
270:
259:
247:
208:
181:
180:
175:
174:
165:
164:
159:
158:
149:
148:
135:
134:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
102:
101:
94:
92:
72:
68:Leslie Spier
31:
29:
3894:New Carissa
3879:Bottle Bill
3298:Thunderbird
3199:Putnam 1931
3081:Clarke 1870
2997:Spores 1993
2985:Spores 1993
2864:Ramsey 1977
2823:MacKey 1972
2811:Rigsby 1965
2667:Turner 2017
2552:Rigsby 1969
2482:Rigsby 1969
2470:Rigsby 1969
2410:Powell 1891
2374:Rigsby 1969
2362:Rigsby 1969
2261:Jacobs 1959
2222:Jacobs 1936
1629:Boas, Franz
1622:Manuscripts
1357:Boas, Franz
1217:Minto, John
906:Reservation
751:wocus seeds
693:Pacific Yew
669:Wax Currant
564:earth ovens
552:camas bulbs
389:čakġe•nkni•
374:Crater Lake
364:Crater Lake
266:Tygh Valley
231:Douglas fir
176:tlÄ-tĹn-pĹm
3909:Categories
3889:Tax Revolt
3348:Cayuse War
3156:Taber 1913
3069:Deur 2002b
3057:Deur 2002a
3045:Brown 1870
3033:Adams 1857
3021:Jette 2014
2961:Lewis 2014
2912:Curry 1848
2888:Lewis 2017
2835:Minto 1903
2799:Spier 1930
2787:Spier 1930
2756:Spier 1930
2679:Spier 1930
2655:Deur 2002b
2643:Deur 2002a
2631:Spier 1930
2619:Spier 1930
2576:Spier 1930
2168:References
2159:2024-02-18
2135:2024-02-17
2094:2024-02-18
2066:2024-02-18
2038:2024-02-18
1946:2024-02-19
1921:2024-02-19
1785:2024-02-19
1732:2024-02-19
1714:Newspapers
1705:2024-02-18
995:Washington
872:Anson Dart
856:Cayuse War
776:Mount Hood
578:, and the
521:bald eagle
420:Franz Boas
262:James Teit
215:Mount Hood
155:Kalapuyans
81:, and the
52:Franz Boas
38:people of
3846:Modoc War
3836:Statehood
3641:Nez Perce
3525:Tillamook
3490:Nez Perce
3485:Multnomah
3465:Klickitat
3435:Clackamas
3273:Longhouse
3268:Chinookan
2946:Coan 1921
2924:CTSI 2024
2422:Teit 1928
2398:Hale 1846
2332:Hale 1846
2207:Boas 1890
1669:cite book
1646:(1877b).
1308:0095-182X
1094:0030-4727
1057:2153-1706
1051:: 46–89.
769:Mythology
762:Nez Perce
677:Wild Rose
673:Rose hips
556:hazelnuts
533:Steelhead
425:čimbú•ihe
422:recorded
383:tulǽyaŋsi
166:táytilpam
133:included
112:Molallie,
99:Clackamas
3816:Portland
3646:Kalapuya
3540:Umatilla
3455:Kalapuya
3445:Coquille
3410:Atfalati
3353:Potlatch
2703:NLA 2005
2153:Archived
2129:Archived
2088:Archived
2060:Archived
2032:Archived
2012:Websites
1998:(1965).
1657:(1936).
1631:(1890).
1585:(1930),
1536:(1891).
1526:Archived
1488:(1846).
1460:(1890).
1447:Archived
1407:Archived
1253:(1938).
1239:20609580
1219:(1903).
1209:20613280
1137:(1959).
1102:20615207
1065:20610175
1029:Articles
880:Champoeg
870:In 1850
758:haylĂşnci
730:Sahaptin
703:Language
450:lá•ti•wi
260:In 1928
217:and the
193:Homeland
160:Ĺ‚ytilpam
150:mulé•lis
127:Moolalle
3874:Vanport
3753:Pioneer
3676:Bannock
3661:Klamath
3656:Chinook
3651:Takelma
3545:Umpquat
3535:Tututni
3520:Takelma
3515:Siuslaw
3500:Santiam
3470:Latgawa
3460:Klamath
3440:Clatsop
3430:Chinook
3415:Bannock
2110:May 14,
1610:Plateau
1608:(ed.).
1417:Molalla
1395:(ed.).
1359:(ed.).
1316:1185526
1141:(ed.).
920:Molalla
834:History
816:corpse:
726:Klamath
724:, with
529:bobcats
525:coyotes
342:yaʔqánt
334:yaʔqánt
323:Society
318:Culture
233:, and
213:; from
187:Klamath
185:by the
153:by the
139:by the
136:mólališ
108:Molalla
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