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traffic load, necessitating a viaduct for "through" traffic. Such bridges also lend themselves for use by rail traffic, which requires straighter and flatter routes. Some viaducts have more than one deck, such that one deck has vehicular traffic and another deck carries rail traffic. One example of this is the
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Viaducts over water make use of islands or successive arches. They are often combined with other types of bridges or tunnels to cross navigable waters as viaduct sections, while less expensive to design and build than tunnels or bridges with larger spans, typically lack sufficient horizontal and
260:
Many viaducts over land connect points of similar height in a landscape, usually by bridging a river valley or other eroded opening in an otherwise flat area. Often such valleys had roads descending either side (with a small bridge over the river, where necessary) that become inadequate for the
350:
Where a viaduct is built across land rather than water, the space below the arches may be used for businesses such as car parking, vehicle repairs, light industry, bars and nightclubs. In the United
Kingdom, many railway lines in urban areas have been constructed on viaducts, and so the
245:
and keep highway and city street traffic from having to be continually interrupted by the train traffic. Likewise, some viaducts carry railroads over large valleys, or they carry railroads over cities with many cross-streets and avenues.
406:), China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nicaragua, elevated expressways have been built and more are under construction to improve traffic flow, particularly as a workaround of land shortage when built atop surface roads.
409:
Other uses have been found for some viaducts. In Paris, France, a repurposed rail viaduct provides a garden promenade on top and workspace for artisans below. The garden promenade is called the
669:
390:). Some were demolished because they were unappealing and divided the city. In other cases, viaducts were demolished because they were structurally unsafe, such as the
28:
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in southern France. It opened in 2004 and is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world, with one pier's summit at 343 metres (1,125 ft). The viaduct
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Brownlee, Christy (March 2005) "Taking the high road: France's new bridge helps a small town dodge traffic—and set a new world record"
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Davidsen, Judith (April 1993) "A new "lite" rail viaduct formula: Norman Foster designs a rapid-transit viaduct for Rennes, France"
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supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct
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has an extensive property portfolio in arches under viaducts. In Berlin the space under the arches of elevated subway lines (
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which crossed wide marshes in southern France. At its longest point, it measured 2,679 meters with a width of 22 meters.
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there, and also cross the multi-track railroad lines that are needed for heavy rail traffic. These viaducts provide
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in San
Francisco, which was damaged by an earthquake in 1989. However, in developing nations such as Thailand (
283:. Others were built to span settled areas, crossing over roads beneath—the reason for many viaducts in London.
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547:"viaduct – Definition of viaduct in English by Oxford English Dictionary"
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421:, inaugurated in 2009, also uses an elevated train line as a linear
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in
Toronto, Canada, that carries motor traffic on the top deck as
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available for use, since viaducts are all composed of low bridges.
383:
314:
is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the river
291:
180:
161:
105:
595:
Colin O’Connor: Roman
Bridges, Cambridge University Press 1993,
444:
after several decades of use because it was seismically unsafe.
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652:"Light Industrial Units To Let/Rent | Small Industrial Space"
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169:
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in
Ayrshire – the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland
225:
Viaducts are commonly used in many cities that are railroad
429:
179:
meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an
546:
160:
across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying
463:
16:
Multiple-span bridge crossing an extended lower area
417:. The project was inaugurated in 1993. Manhattan's
641:, Guinness World Records. Last accessed July 2011.
1100:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
413:while the workspaces in the arches below are the
1223:
428:In Indonesia viaducts are used for railways in
670:"Toronto built, then demolished an expressway"
777:
711:Washington State Department of Transportation
303:vertical clearance for large ships. See the
791:
784:
770:
440:in Seattle was closed and replaced with a
333:
253:Viaduct near Slade, Plymouth, painting by
229:, such as Chicago, Birmingham, London and
706:"Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Program"
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337:
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248:
201:
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564:
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148:that consists of a series of arches,
370:were built in major cities such as
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432:and also for highways such as the
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276:on the lower deck, over the steep
14:
1248:
1068:medieval stone bridges in Germany
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233:. These viaducts cross the large
164:features and obstacles. The term
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1205:
747:
735:
494:
480:
466:
27:
378:), Los Angeles, San Francisco,
698:
662:
644:
632:
619:
606:
589:
1:
1025:Visual index to various types
752:The dictionary definition of
530:
342:"Deansgate Locks" bars under
286:
81:, highways, streets, railways
848:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
324:Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge
305:Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
197:
7:
459:
400:world's longest road bridge
344:Deansgate Metrolink station
328:longest bridge in the world
10:
1255:
1237:Bridges by structural type
714:. History & background
1201:
1185:
1164:
1108:
1045:
1032:
800:
127:
119:
111:
93:
85:
74:
66:
56:
42:
26:
1136:Continuous truss bridges
1109:Lists of bridges by size
1046:Lists of bridges by type
411:Coulée verte René-Dumont
404:Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway
576:www.merriam-webster.com
572:"Definition of VIADUCT"
436:. In January 2019, the
434:Jakarta Inner Ring Road
334:Land use below viaducts
214:The longest viaduct in
1095:List of bridge–tunnels
1039:
863:Double-beam drawbridge
456:
347:
299:
257:
255:Nicholas Matthew Condy
211:
144:is a specific type of
1088:vertical-lift bridges
1038:
450:
351:infrastructure owner
341:
294:
263:Prince Edward Viaduct
252:
205:
1146:Masonry arch bridges
1126:Cable-stayed bridges
744:at Wikimedia Commons
627:Architectural Record
525:List of bridge types
368:Elevated expressways
237:that are needed for
175:meaning "road", and
168:is derived from the
102:prestressed concrete
35:Laigh Milton Viaduct
1073:multi-level bridges
502:Architecture portal
438:Alaskan Way Viaduct
392:Embarcadero Freeway
388:Gardiner Expressway
269:, and metro as the
208:Ouse Valley Viaduct
98:reinforced concrete
23:
1131:Cantilever bridges
1121:Suspension bridges
1063:cantilever bridges
1040:
960:Navigable aqueduct
488:Engineering portal
457:
396:Bang Na Expressway
348:
300:
258:
218:may have been the
212:
210:in Sussex, England
21:
1219:
1218:
1177:Bridge to nowhere
1078:road–rail bridges
795:-related articles
740:Media related to
455:, Paris, France.
326:in China was the
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51:Box girder bridge
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1209:
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1165:Additional lists
801:Structural types
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679:. Archived from
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243:grade separation
89:Short (multiple)
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1172:Bridge failures
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1058:bascule bridges
1053:List of bridges
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918:Rolling bascule
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520:Flying junction
515:Crueize Viaduct
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453:Viaduc des Arts
415:Viaduc des Arts
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363:Past and future
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192:Roman aqueducts
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639:Longest bridge
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376:Central Artery
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346:in Manchester.
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312:Millau Viaduct
297:Millau Viaduct
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271:Bloor-Danforth
239:freight trains
235:railroad yards
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758:at Wiktionary
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1141:Arch bridges
1083:toll bridges
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999:Through arch
833:Cable-stayed
754:
716:. Retrieved
709:
700:
688:. Retrieved
681:the original
676:
664:
656:the original
646:
634:
626:
621:
614:SuperScience
613:
608:
591:
579:. Retrieved
575:
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556:21 September
554:. Retrieved
550:
427:
408:
382:, Tokyo and
366:
353:Network Rail
349:
330:as of 2011.
309:
301:
267:Bloor Street
259:
224:
213:
176:
172:
165:
141:
139:
18:
943:Transporter
923:Submersible
908:Retractable
274:subway line
190:. Like the
79:Expressways
1226:Categories
982:Suspension
898:Drawbridge
868:Extradosed
843:Cantilever
828:Burr Truss
818:Box girder
677:tac-atc.ca
531:References
423:urban park
402:), India (
287:Over water
231:Manchester
220:Pont Serme
86:Span range
67:Descendant
1116:By length
955:Multi-way
419:High Line
278:Don River
216:antiquity
198:Over land
188:aqueducts
129:Falsework
33:The 1812
1232:Viaducts
1211:Category
975:Vlotbrug
888:Moveable
742:Viaducts
690:27 March
581:27 March
510:Causeway
460:See also
158:overpass
131:required
94:Material
61:Aqueduct
43:Ancestor
1186:Related
1156:Tallest
1151:Highest
1019:Viaduct
1014:Tubular
1004:Trestle
970:Pontoon
913:Rolling
903:Folding
893:Bascule
853:Covered
755:Viaduct
718:26 July
603:, p. 99
384:Toronto
181:analogy
166:viaduct
162:terrain
154:columns
142:viaduct
112:Movable
106:masonry
75:Carries
57:Related
22:Viaduct
994:Timber
838:Canopy
793:Bridge
599:
442:tunnel
398:, the
372:Boston
357:S-Bahn
320:Millau
281:valley
177:ducere
146:bridge
123:medium
1009:Truss
987:types
933:Table
928:Swing
684:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
380:Seoul
318:near
183:with
170:Latin
150:piers
965:Pile
938:Tilt
883:Moon
858:Crib
813:Beam
808:Arch
720:2024
692:2018
597:ISBN
583:2018
558:2020
451:The
430:Java
316:Tarn
310:The
295:The
227:hubs
206:The
70:None
878:Log
873:Jet
551:OED
425:.
173:via
152:or
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