487:. When Bukharin intervened on their behalf, Stalin said they were detained because they were 'freethinkers', but ordered their release. Vadim worked as a design engineer for the arms industry, and was married, with a son, Ilya, born in summer 1937. He was arrested on the same day as his father, at the extended family's shared apartment, accused of plotting to assassinate Stalin, tried on 10 December 1937, and shot the same day. His wife, Dina, was exiled to Kharkov in 1937.
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should be permitted to publish their views. In April 1918, he published a long critique in the magazine
Kommunist of what he called the 'new orientation' laid down by Lenin, claiming that the newly created Red Army was "too intimately and too dangerously" reliant of former officers of the Tsar's Imperial Army, and arguing that similarly there could be no 'peace treaty' with former factory managers and other middle class specialists, who must be subjected to workers' control.
31:
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in the
Department of Social Sciences. From December 1932 to March 1937, he was a member of the Special State Commission (TsGK) for determining the yield and size of the gross harvest of grain crops. In this capacity, he set the targets for crop planting in various provinces, often disregarding local
317:
of agriculture, Osinsky was briefly reunited with
Bukharin, leader of the 'right' opposition. He advocated raising the price of agricultural produce, to improve living standards in the countryside, a proposal which was accepted by the Central Committee when it met in July 1928, although Stalin argued
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403:
Osinsky was arrested on 13 October 1937, and accused of being part of an underground counterrevolutionary and pro-fascist terrorist group. He was included in a list of 292 high-ranking officials sentenced to death on 1 November 1937, but he was kept alive to be called as a witness at the show trial
199:
opposition, which campaigned for greater democracy within the party and the soviets. He argued that meetings of the
Central Committee should be open to all party members unless the matters under discussion were secret, and that minority views should be represented in party elections and minorities
399:
demanded that
Osinsky speak, suspecting that he would try to defend Bukharin. Osinsky was constantly barracked as he reluctantly began, and under pressure declared that "the basic accusations against them stand". He was expelled from the Central Committee on 23 June, and he and his extended family
278:
were sent abroad on diplomatic missions. Osinsky was soviet plenipotentiary in Sweden, from March to
October 1924, then was dispatched on an extended trade mission to the US, during which he was fascinated by the car industry, and thought that motor transport could be the means of overcoming the
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journal in 1918, who opposed the peace. He resigned from his posts when the Treaty was signed, in March 1918. He went further than
Bukharin and other leading Left Communists by arguing that socialist Russia should never sign any treaties with any 'imperialist' states.
144:
Agricultural
Society's commissioner for coal transportation in Kharkiv. He studied the economics of agriculture, published two books on the subject. In 1916 Osinsky was mobilized in the Imperial Russian Army and served and served as a quartermaster officer.
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formed a trio of young economists who conducted theoretical 'raids' in which they disrupted lectures to challenge the lecturer. When the
Bolshevik faction split over whether to continue participating in the Russian parliament, or
1230:
294:
were sent into exile, Osinsky wrote privately to Stalin, on 1 January 1928, protesting about their harsh treatment, but received a curt reply that he "had no moral right" to criticise decisions made by the party.
462:
before she was deported described her as "a dark-eyed, dark-haired and stately woman". Released in 1945, she was banned from living in Moscow and spent 14 with her daughter in a village in
329:
from taking over control the aviation industry from
Vesenkha, but Stalin ruled in Voroshilov's favour, accusing Osinsky of 'impudence' and he was removed from his post four months later.
501:
Osinsky's sister, Galina, married a renowned chemist, Sergei Medvedev. When her niece and nephew appeared at her door in 1938 seeking help, she gave them candy and told them to go away.
259:
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as Russia's living poet. This was a highly unusual intervention, because it was well known that Akhmatova was not a supporter of the revolution, and that her ex-husband,
490:
Their daughter, Svetlana, and younger surviving son, Valerian, and Rem Smirnov were all in their teens when their parents were arrested, and were sent to an orphanage.
302:(Gosplan). In 1926–28, he was head of the Central Statistical Administration. In 1926–1927 he was director of the Institute of World Economy and World Politics at the
161:, in November, he was chief commissar of the Russian State Bank. On 14 December, he was appointed chairman of the newly created Supreme Economic Council (Vesenkha).
234:
Although we are dealing with a person not of our way of life, she has what is most important, most necessary to a poet – an honourable soul and civic consciousness.
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The couple separated temporarily during the civil war, after he began an affair with a nurse, Anna Shaternikova. Yekaterina took a post in the soviet embassy in
442:, and worked as a publisher of children's literature. Arrested on 17 October 1937, four days after her husband, she spent eight years in labour camps run by the
111:
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on 19 April, but someone, possibly Stalin, crossed his name off. His name then appeared on a third list, containing 312 names, which was signed by Stalin and
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They had five children, including two boys who died in infancy, and in 1927 they adopted their nephew, Rem Smirnov, when his father, Vladimir, was exiled.
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from 1935. From 1935 to 1937 he was the director of the Institute of the History of Science and Technology of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
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of 1917, Osinsky was elected a member of the Moscow bureau of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) – later renamed the All-Russian Communist Party. After the
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against it. With less success, he also argued against setting up large collective farms before 'without knowing whether they are profitable'.
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conditions. This was in the period when forced collectivisation and centralised control of agriculture led to catastrophes such as the
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494:(1922–1941) studied classics, and joined the people's militia after the German invasion of the USSR, and was lost, presumably killed.
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192:, Osinsky severed links with the Left SRs, and publicly defended the right the Soviet government to use terror to impose order.
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412:. The communist authorities acknowledged in 1988 that all the charges against Bukharin and the others were fabricated.
41:(Russian: Валериа́н Валериа́нович Оболе́нский; 25 March 1887 – 1 September 1938) (who worked under the party pseudonym
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1008:
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809:
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Prospectives of the Central Committee of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
473:, and Anna moved into his apartment in the Kremlin. Around 1923 they ended the affair and he returned to his wife.
17:
333:
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The Origin of the Communist Autocracy - Political O.OI#/9Upposition in the Soviet State: First Phase, 1917–1922
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Back in Russia, Osinsky split with the opposition, and in December 1925 was elected a candidate member of the
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calling for inner party democracy. In the early part of 1924, he was one of the leading figures in the
80:
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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province, where his father was manager of a stud farm. While studying at the Faculty of Law of the
483:(1912–1937) was arrested as a student at military academy in 1935, along with his closest friend,
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of Bukharin and others, on 7 March 1938, and made to testify that during the dispute over the
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and distributed revolutionary literature among students and was a reporter for the newspaper
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Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites'
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divide between town and countryside in the Soviet Union. He was one of the founders of the
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880:
Alchon, Guy (1992). "Mary Van Kleeck and Scientific Management". In Nelson, Daniel (ed.).
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From January 1932 to August 1935, Osinsky was deputy Chairman of Gosplan, and Head of its
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Russian revolutionary, Marxist theorist, Soviet politician, economist and agronomist
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The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939
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had been shot the previous year as a suspected counter-revolutionary. He wrote:
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Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
661:(1977). "Revolutionary Process, Political Strategy, and the Dilemma of Power".
459:
409:
223:
207:, Osinsky worked as a journalist and propagandist. In 1919–20, he was based in
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940:. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR. 1938. pp. 458–466
438:(1889–1964), sister of Vladimir Smirnov. An Old Bolshevik, she studied at the
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politician, economist and Professor of the Agricultural Academy of Moscow.
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Seventeen Moments in Soviet History: An on line archive of primary sources
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From 1914 to 1916 he was deputy head of the statistical department of the
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Review: N Bukharin, The World Economy and Capitalism, an Economic Essay
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The Conscience of the Revolution, Communist Opposition in Soviet Russia
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Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution, A Political Biography, 1888–1938
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Osinsky was included on another death list submitted to members of the
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In the mid-1920s, several leading members of the opposition, including
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325:. In summer 1930, he tried to prevent the People's Commissar for War,
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A Documentary History of Communism in Russia: From Lenin to Gorbachev
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30:
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From December 1929 to December 1930, Osinsky was Deputy Chairman of
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634:"Origin of the Supreme Council of National Economy, November 1918"
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He attended the World Social Economic Conference organised by the
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141:
53:
518:, University Press of New England, Lebanon, NH, 1993, p. 98
215:. In 1921–23, he was deputy People's Commissar for Agriculture.
855:
Lars, T. Lih; Naumov, Oleg V.; Khlevnik, Oleg V., eds. (1995).
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in 1918 Bukharin had planned to assassinate Lenin, Stalin and
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When the Central Committee met in February 1937, early in the
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From July 1925, Osinsky was a member of the Presidium of the
107:
844:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. pp. 81–84, 201.
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on 20 August. Osinsky was executed on 1 September 1938.
882:
A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor
609:"Радви Саша. Валериан Валерианович Оболенский-Осинский"
364:
officials had travelled to the West to discuss how the
180:
But after the assassination of the German ambassador,
510:“Minority Report on Building the Economy”, quoted in
426:
Osinsky was posthumously rehabilitated in June 1957.
723:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. pp. 102, 143.
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547:"Осинский Н. (Оболенский), Биогафический Указатель"
250:in the power struggle that followed Lenin's death.
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238:In October 1923, he was one of the signatories of
93:. In 1907, he joined the Bolshevik faction of the
101:organised a mass student demonstration. They and
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373:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
290:. When his former comrades Vladimir Smirnov and
218:On 4 July 1922, Osinsky published an article in
999:Larina, Anna (Nikolai Bukharin's wife) (1994).
804:. Princeton University Press. pp. 201–02.
1146:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
391:were to be arrested, the hard line Stalinists
125:and started to write under the name pseudonym
121:Obolensky was arrested in 1911, and exiled to
894:
590:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 50.
195:Later, Osinsky was one of the leaders of the
1221:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
779:. London: Allison & Busby. p. 171.
632:Obolenskii-Osinskii, V.V. (26 August 2015).
350:International Industrial Relations Institute
336:. In 1932 he was elected Academician of the
300:State Planning Committee of the Soviet Union
129:, in honor of the Russian revolutionary and
114:, who supported a boycott, in opposition to
466:province. She was 'rehabilitated' in 1955.
895:J. Arch Getty, and Oleg V. Naumov (1999).
842:Foundations of a Planned Economy, volume 1
749:Osinsky, Nikolai (Valerian V. Obolensky).
1206:Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Sweden
540:
538:
536:
534:
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960:"Оболенская Екатерина Михайловна (1889)"
899:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 389–91.
884:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
859:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 203–04.
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1025:"Оболенский Вадим Валерианович (1912)"
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95:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
736:The Origin of the Communist Autocracy
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498:(1925–2012) was a Russian historian.
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164:During the dispute over to sign the
986:Eleven Years In Soviet Prison Camps
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708:. Vol. 2. Pelican. p. 91.
458:. A fellow prisoner who saw her in
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360:. This was the first occasion that
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777:Anna Akhmatova, Poet & Prophet
751:"On the construction of socialism"
387:, to decide whether Bukharin and
25:
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1216:Imperial Moscow University alumni
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496:Svetlana Valerianovna Obolenskaya
706:The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-23
586:Daniels, Robert Vincent (1969).
575:. New York: Vintage. p. 16.
83:, Obolensky participated in the
39:Valerian Valerianovich Obolensky
1226:Great Purge victims from Russia
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1003:. London: Pandora. p. 95.
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313:embarked on a policy of forced
168:in 1918, Osinsky supported the
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1094:The Construction of Socialism
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371:He became and Academician of
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262:Portrait of V. Osinsky, 1927
186:Left Socialist-Revolutionary
7:
440:Institute of Red Professors
97:. In the same year, he and
10:
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719:Schapiro, Leonard (1965).
571:Cohen, Stephen F. (1973).
338:Soviet Academy of Sciences
1141:People from Lgovsky Uyezd
429:
1136:People from Kursk Oblast
775:Reeder, Roberta (1995).
504:
1083:Nikolai Osinsky Archive
1066:The House of Government
1051:The House of Government
984:Lipper, Elinor (1971).
922:The House of Government
802:The House of Government
800:Slezkine, Yuri (2017).
406:Treaty of Brest Litovsk
166:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
85:1905 Russian Revolution
71:was born in to a minor
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240:The Declaration of 46
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197:Democratic Centralist
110:, Osinsky backed the
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1001:This I Cannot Forget
704:Carr, E. H. (1966).
159:Bolshevik Revolution
840:Carr, E.H. (1974).
436:Yekaterina Smirnova
276:Alexandra Kollontai
254:Years of conformity
155:February Revolution
149:Years in opposition
1053:. pp. 920–21.
738:. pp. 223–24.
675:10.1007/BF00206985
663:Theory and Society
492:Valerian Obolensky
479:Their oldest son,
327:Kliment Voroshilov
272:Christian Rakovsky
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69:Valerian Obolensky
36:
34:Valerian Obolensky
1211:Soviet economists
924:. pp. 846–7.
512:Robert V. Daniels
304:Communist Academy
288:Central Committee
182:Count von Mirbach
81:Moscow University
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417:Politburo
358:Amsterdam
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