776:
394:
1023:
32:
518:
1004:
610:
1012:
504:
male preponderance, unilateral alternating acute onset, a non-granulomatous appearance, and frequent recurrences, whereas HLA-B27 negative AAU has an equivalent male to female onset, bilateral chronic course, and more frequent granulomatous appearance. Rheumatoid arthritis is not uncommon in Asian countries as a significant association of uveitis.
430:. Iridocyclitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body with inflammation predominantly confined to the ciliary body. Between 66% and 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (iritis). This condition can occur as a single episode and subside with proper treatment or may take on a recurrent or chronic nature.
1389:
Uveitis affects approximately 1 in 4500 people and is most common between the ages 20 to 60 with men and women affected equally. In western countries, anterior uveitis accounts for between 50% and 90% of uveitis cases. In Asian countries the proportion is between 28% and 50%. Uveitis is estimated to
1348:
Non-biologic, steroid sparing therapies for noninfectious uveitis in adults are now more available. These include the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) methotrexate, mycophenolate, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and tacrolimus. In comparing various studies, methotrexate is more efficacious
503:
The most common form of uveitis is acute anterior uveitis (AAU). It is most commonly associated with HLA-B27, which has important features: HLA-B27 AAU can be associated with ocular inflammation alone or in association with systemic disease. HLA-B27 AAU has characteristic clinical features including
1209:
Whether through infection or other causes, this balance can be upset and autoreactive T cells allowed to proliferate and migrate to the eye. Upon entry to the eye, these cells may be returned to an inducible Treg state by the presence of IL-10 and TGF-beta from microglia. Failure of this mechanism
1030:
The disease course, anatomy, and laterality can vary widely and are important to consider in diagnosis and treatment. Cases may be acute (sudden onset with < 3 month duration) and monophonic, acute and recurrent, or chronic. The signs and symptoms of uveitis may include the following:
996:
771:
Uveitis may be an immune response to fight an infection caused by an organism in the eye. They are less common than non-infectious causes and require antimicrobial/ viral/ parasitic treatment in addition to inflammatory control. Infectious causes in order of global burden include:
487:
Uveitis is usually an isolated illness, but can be associated with many other medical conditions. In anterior uveitis, no associated condition or syndrome is found in approximately one-half of cases. However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with
1344:
Intravitrial injection of steroid has proven to be a newer useful way to control inflammation for longer without the need for daily eyedrops. Dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide are two more commonly used options for noninfectious uveitis.
871:
Occasionally, uveitis is not associated with a systemic condition: the inflammation is confined to the eye and has unknown cause. In some of these cases, the presentation in the eye is characteristic of a described syndrome, which are called
1194:, to prevent damage to the eye by reducing inflammation and causing T cells to differentiate to inducible T reg cells. Innate immune stimulation by bacteria and cellular stress is normally suppressed by myeloid suppression while inducible
406:
Uveitis is classified anatomically into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis forms—based on the part of the eye primarily affected. Before the twentieth century, uveitis was typically referred to in
English as "ophthalmia."
2520:
Pato E, Muñoz-Fernández S, Francisco F, Abad MA, Maese J, Ortiz A, Carmona L (February 2011). "Systematic review on the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biological therapies in the treatment of autoimmune posterior uveitis".
1289:
Laboratory testing is usually used to diagnose specific underlying diseases, including rheumatologic tests (e.g. antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor) and serology for infectious diseases (Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis).
1499:
Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of
Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop. Am J Ophthalmol
1769:
2987:
2972:
921:
Masquerade syndromes are those conditions that include the presence of intraocular cells but are not due to immune-mediated uveitis entities. These may be divided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions.
1262:
and other viruses as important causes of developing what was previously described as idiopathic anterior uveitis. Bacterial infection is another significant contributing factor in developing uveitis.
1296:
testing may be performed to investigate genetic susceptibility to uveitis. The most common antigens include HLA-B27, HLA-A29 (in birdshot chorioretinopathy) and HLA-B51 (in Behçet disease).
1761:
1539:
323:) is the most common, with the incidence of uveitis overall affecting approximately 1:4500, most commonly those between the ages of 20–60. Symptoms include eye pain, eye redness,
1429:
may result if left untreated. The type of uveitis, as well as its severity, duration, and responsiveness to treatment or any associated illnesses, all factor into the outlook.
2743:
1349:
than mycophenolate in inflammatory control for most forms of panuveitis. Methotrexate also had little to no differences in safety outcomes compared to mycophenolate.
358:
Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent control of the inflammation to prevent vision loss. Treatment typically involves the use of topical eye drop
880:
2690:
Edwards Mayhew, Rebecca G; Li, Tianjing; McCann, Paul; Leslie, Louis; Strong
Caldwell, Anne; Palestine, Alan G (2022-10-31). Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group (ed.).
982:
1246:
The cause of non-infectious uveitis is unknown but there are some strong genetic factors that predispose disease onset including HLA-B27 and the PTPN22 genotype.
2072:
Lambe T, Leung JC, Ferry H, Bouriez-Jones T, Makinen K, Crockford TL, Jiang HR, Nickerson JM, Peltonen L, Forrester JV, Cornall RJ, et al. (April 2007).
1438:
1238:
in patients with both quiescent and active uveitis. These are inflammatory markers that non-specifically activate local macrophages causing tissue damage.
4663:
2758:
2113:
Avichezer D, Grajewski RS, Chan CC, Mattapallil MJ, Silver PB, Raber JA, Liou GI, Wiggert B, Lewis GM, Donoso LA, Caspi RR, et al. (December 2003).
2826:
Gritz DC, Wong IG (March 2004). "Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in
Northern California; the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study".
671:
528:
190:
4103:
3500:
370:, and treating any underlying disease. While initial treatment is usually successful, complications include other ocular disorders, such as
4172:
4098:
1511:
4658:
2560:
2295:
Wakefield D, Chang JH, Amjadi S, Maconochie Z, Abu El-Asrar A, McCluskey P (April 2011). "What is new HLA-B27 acute anterior uveitis?".
1167:
specific for proteins found in the eye. These are often not deleted centrally whether due to ocular antigen not being presented in the
1448:
1929:
1393:
For non-infectious uveitis, women are more likely (57%) to be affected than men, possibly due to their higher prevalence of related
1693:
3112:
815:
210:
4120:
4115:
3940:
2739:
2642:"Efficacy and safety of intravitreal and periocular injection of corticosteroids in noninfectious uveitis: a systematic review"
1796:
895:
2945:
2207:"Tumour necrosis factor-mediated macrophage activation in the target organ is critical for clinical manifestation of uveitis"
1602:
890:
3980:
1222:
secretion. Tissue destruction is mediated by non-specific macrophage activation and the resulting cytokine cascades. Serum
910:
760:
4093:
1409:
The prognosis is generally good for those who receive prompt diagnosis and treatment, but serious complication including
1314:, either as topical eye drops (prednisolone acetate) or as oral therapy. Prior to the administration of corticosteroids,
2162:
Forrester JV, Xu H, Kuffová L, Dick AD, McMenamin PG (March 2010). "Dendritic cell physiology and function in the eye".
1832:
Eadie B, Etminan M, Mikelberg FS (January 2015). "Risk for uveitis with oral moxifloxacin: a comparative safety study".
4088:
3975:
3542:
589:
3843:
3703:
1478:
1090:
635:
166:
1075:. Old episodes of uveitis are identified by pigment deposits on lens, KPs, and festooned pupil on dilation of pupil.
561:
547:
3808:
1293:
640:
170:
4383:
3901:
3813:
1318:
must be ruled out. This is typically done using a fluorescence dye test. In addition to corticosteroids, topical
367:
3803:
3532:
568:
2692:"Non-biologic, steroid-sparing therapies for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults"
2115:"An immunologically privileged retinal antigen elicits tolerance: major role for central selection mechanisms"
3896:
3787:
3653:
745:
700:
661:
174:
2582:
Ruggieri S, Frassanito MA, Dammacco R, Guerriero S (August 2012). "Treg lymphocytes in autoimmune uveitis".
4294:
3985:
3970:
1818:
730:
3078:
3182:
3140:
3105:
2640:
José-Vieira, Rafael; Ferreira, André; Menéres, Pedro; Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Figueira, Luís (July 2022).
1099:, adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior synechiae) or more commonly the lens (posterior synechiae)
830:
575:
332:
222:
1299:
Radiology X-ray may be used to show coexisting arthritis and chest X-ray may be helpful in sarcoidosis.
4110:
3906:
3880:
3838:
3833:
3698:
3571:
3559:
3515:
2624:
1275:
900:
885:
800:
720:
1334:
in the eye, which likely contributes to disease regression. In severe cases an injection of posterior
4289:
4177:
4083:
3930:
3775:
3576:
3522:
536:
397:
Anterior eye showing uveal structures (iris, ciliary body, with adjacent choroid which connects them)
1958:
557:
3828:
3799:
3423:
3388:
3002:
1359:
are often used for recalcitrant or more aggressive cases of uveitis. Experimental treatments with
1122:
Intermediate uveitis usually affects one eye. Less common is the presence of pain and photophobia.
941:
4299:
4053:
3853:
3373:
3366:
2641:
2025:"Characterization of autoreactive and bystander IL-17+ T cells induced in immunized C57BL/6 mice"
1554:
905:
532:
493:
121:
4653:
4568:
4538:
4473:
4468:
4195:
3473:
3338:
3098:
1259:
1174:
Autoreactive T cells must normally be held in check by the suppressive environment produced by
1171:(therefore not negatively selected) or a state of anergy is induced to prevent self targeting.
775:
695:
655:
620:
363:
186:
3042:
2556:
715:
4511:
4187:
1945:
740:
4155:
2205:
Khera TK, Copland DA, Boldison J, Lait PJ, Szymkowski DE, Dick AD, Nicholson LB (May 2012).
1278:
to rule out posterior uveitis, which presents with white spots across the retina along with
4284:
3870:
3865:
3823:
3638:
3554:
2400:
1443:
1398:
1152:
933:
735:
725:
344:
316:
8:
4589:
4463:
4263:
4146:
4138:
3926:
3890:
3875:
3730:
3510:
3290:
2991:
2933:
1925:
1792:
1064:
1018:
in anterior uveitis, seen as yellowish exudation in lower part of anterior chamber of eye
873:
705:
198:
4219:
2404:
4200:
3950:
3858:
3782:
3735:
3547:
3483:
3468:
3328:
3277:
2900:
2865:
2808:
2716:
2691:
2669:
2607:
2461:
2364:
2339:
2320:
2272:
2255:
2231:
2206:
2187:
2139:
2114:
2049:
2024:
2000:
1973:
1906:
1738:
1711:
1690:
1644:
1619:
1394:
1335:
972:
946:
755:
710:
630:
375:
336:
162:
111:
2657:
335:. Uveitis may arise spontaneously, have a genetic component, or be associated with an
4543:
4440:
4205:
4065:
3848:
3505:
3411:
3013:
2941:
2905:
2887:
2843:
2800:
2721:
2673:
2661:
2599:
2538:
2534:
2502:
2453:
2418:
2369:
2312:
2277:
2254:
Valentincic NV, de Groot-Mijnes JD, Kraut A, Korosec P, Hawlina M, Rothova A (2011).
2236:
2222:
2179:
2175:
2144:
2095:
2054:
2005:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1849:
1845:
1812:
1743:
1649:
1598:
1574:
1531:
1426:
1331:
651:
582:
387:
182:
95:
2996:
2812:
2611:
2465:
2324:
2191:
1527:
625:
393:
158:
4331:
4321:
4167:
4142:
4075:
4041:
3960:
3591:
3581:
3478:
3333:
3220:
3210:
2895:
2877:
2835:
2792:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2653:
2591:
2530:
2492:
2445:
2408:
2359:
2351:
2304:
2267:
2226:
2218:
2171:
2134:
2126:
2085:
2044:
2036:
1995:
1985:
1880:
1841:
1733:
1723:
1668:
1639:
1631:
1566:
1523:
1418:
1414:
423:
371:
315:. Uveitis is described anatomically, by the part of the eye affected, as anterior,
244:
52:
3053:
2413:
2388:
2023:
Nian H, Liang D, Zuo A, Wei R, Shao H, Born WK, Kaplan HJ, Sun D (February 2012).
1022:
4398:
4362:
4326:
3945:
3770:
3757:
3691:
3648:
3566:
3378:
3310:
3230:
3215:
3007:
2927:
2839:
2595:
2449:
2308:
1728:
1697:
1635:
1271:
1179:
1164:
543:
459:
3056:
2796:
2090:
2073:
1510:
Leffler CT, Schwartz SG, Stackhouse R, Davenport B, Spetzler K (December 2013).
1390:
be responsible for approximately 10%-20% of the blindness in the United States.
390:. In the United States uveitis accounts for about 10–20% of cases of blindness.
116:
Headaches, red eyes, blurred vision, photophobia, burning and redness of the eye
4628:
4480:
4425:
4268:
4036:
3965:
3747:
3717:
3663:
3617:
3488:
3361:
3295:
3285:
3018:
2256:"Intraocular and serum cytokine profiles in patients with intermediate uveitis"
1352:
1308:
1255:
1235:
1219:
1191:
1096:
1082:
1046:
962:
427:
359:
304:
2866:"Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Non-infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review"
1570:
4647:
4548:
4403:
4343:
4060:
4008:
3955:
3885:
3794:
3681:
3658:
3586:
3495:
3300:
3205:
2891:
2882:
1894:
1422:
1338:
1315:
1231:
1227:
1086:
810:
784:
497:
441:
437:
415:
320:
202:
100:
3090:
2981:
2389:"Why is PTPN22 a good candidate susceptibility gene for autoimmune disease?"
1990:
1868:
1481:. National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health. 16 November 2021
1370:
is reported to inhibit the process that causes the inflammation in uveitis.
4413:
4241:
3622:
3537:
3445:
3323:
3318:
3263:
3258:
2909:
2847:
2804:
2725:
2665:
2603:
2542:
2506:
2457:
2422:
2373:
2316:
2281:
2240:
2183:
2148:
2099:
2058:
2009:
1902:
1853:
1747:
1653:
1578:
1535:
1374:
1356:
1156:
1060:
859:
835:
825:
789:
452:. There are also "snowballs," which are inflammatory cells in the vitreous.
348:
328:
308:
226:
218:
206:
4612:
4563:
4506:
4501:
4458:
4436:
4347:
4338:
4258:
4236:
4048:
4020:
3818:
3686:
3527:
3348:
3225:
3177:
3124:
3037:
2387:
Burn GL, Svensson L, Sanchez-Blanco C, Saini M, Cope AP (December 2011).
2130:
2040:
1327:
1319:
1051:
794:
750:
666:
379:
319:
or posterior, or panuveitic if all parts are involved. Anterior uveitis (
194:
178:
2783:
Chang JH, Wakefield D (December 2002). "Uveitis: a global perspective".
4533:
4496:
4420:
4408:
4352:
4313:
4134:
4024:
3383:
3248:
3062:
1360:
1283:
1211:
1003:
840:
690:
546:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
474:
449:
230:
31:
3067:
2964:
2497:
2480:
2253:
2074:"Limited peripheral T cell anergy predisposes to retinal autoimmunity"
1885:
4584:
4558:
4432:
4378:
4366:
4251:
4246:
4231:
4227:
3765:
3463:
3440:
3253:
3200:
3195:
3172:
3048:
2639:
2355:
1410:
1378:
1367:
1279:
1223:
1215:
1175:
852:
340:
104:
4623:
4388:
3922:
3725:
3356:
3073:
2937:
2581:
1323:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1112:
1072:
1015:
977:
967:
820:
804:
383:
300:
214:
2481:"Road to fulfilment: taming the immune response to restore vision"
1509:
1198:
cells prevent activation and clonal expansion of the autoreactive
1130:
Inflammation in the back of the eye is commonly characterized by:
4450:
4393:
3935:
3742:
3673:
3643:
3240:
2112:
1923:
1790:
1512:"Evolution and impact of eye and vision terms in written English"
1373:
In the case of herpetic uveitis, anti-viral medications, such as
1311:
645:
489:
467:
324:
312:
2519:
1330:, may be used. Successful treatment of active uveitis increases
995:
686:
Systemic disorders that can be associated with uveitis include:
327:
and blurred vision, and ophthalmic examination may show dilated
4553:
3455:
3432:
3152:
2976:
2386:
1168:
1068:
463:
419:
352:
296:
292:
288:
39:
Inflammation of the eye and keratic precipitates due to uveitis
2294:
1381:, may be administered to treat the causative viral infection.
1151:
Onset of uveitis can broadly be described as a failure of the
4525:
1341:
acetate may also be given to reduce the swelling of the eye.
440:, consists of vitritis—which is inflammation of cells in the
2689:
2071:
855:, a derivative of Rifampin, has been shown to cause uveitis.
250:
58:
3605:
3167:
2864:
Joltikov, Katherine A.; Lobo-Chan, Ann-Marie (2021-09-10).
1203:
1195:
1160:
1063:, presence of cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and
1011:
343:. While the eye is a relatively protected environment, its
280:
262:
256:
70:
64:
2436:
Jap A, Chee SP (November 2011). "Viral anterior uveitis".
858:
Several reports suggest the use of quinolones, especially
1712:"A proposed classification of the immunological diseases"
1401:
and smoking are risk factors for non-infectious uveitis.
1206:
cells that possess potential to cause damage to the eye.
881:
acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
284:
268:
76:
2204:
1592:
2740:"Diabetes drug could treat leading cause of blindness"
2161:
1791:
CDC: Department of Human
Services (9 September 1994).
1234:
are present in significantly higher quantities in the
1831:
1795:. 43(35);658: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
1666:
1115:, which are dark spots that float in the visual field
1081:, inflammatory nodules located on the surface of the
507:
299:. The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented
271:
247:
79:
55:
2954:
2340:"A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye"
1867:
Burkholder, Bryn M.; Jabs, Douglas A. (2021-02-03).
1617:
1439:
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
1071:. In severe inflammation there may be evidence of a
681:
265:
253:
73:
61:
4154:
1924:Abdullah Al-Fawaz; Ralph D Levinson (25 Feb 2010).
1825:
1709:
779:Subretinal abscess in tubercular posterior uveitis
4099:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
2863:
1593:Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007).
1182:in the eye. These cells produce large amounts of
1159:and tissue destruction. Uveitis is driven by the
672:Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
191:Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
4645:
2029:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
1667:Shah IA, Zuberi BF, Sangi SA, Abbasi SA (1999).
448:, or deposition of inflammatory material on the
2022:
1363:or other anti-TNF infusions may prove helpful.
1254:Recent evidence has pointed to reactivation of
500:of evolving this disease by approximately 15%.
2925:
2782:
1866:
1700:AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.
1618:Larson T, Nussenblatt RB, Sen HN (June 2011).
1552:
1503:
1218:recruitment from the peripheral blood through
542:Please review the contents of the section and
478:is the inflammation of all layers of the uvea.
3120:
3106:
1762:"Zika Can Also Strike Eyes of Adults: Report"
4173:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
1971:
1034:
846:
291:and the outer fibrous layer composed of the
3501:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
3160:
1793:"Uveitis Associated with Rifabutin Therapy"
259:
67:
4664:Steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions
3113:
3099:
1669:"Systemic Manifestations of Iridocyclitis"
1059:Signs of anterior uveitis include dilated
2899:
2881:
2825:
2715:
2496:
2412:
2363:
2271:
2230:
2138:
2089:
2048:
1999:
1989:
1884:
1737:
1727:
1710:McGonagle D, McDermott MF (August 2006).
1643:
1553:Gueudry, J.; Muraine, M. (January 2018).
1226:is significantly elevated in cases while
2926:Bodaghi, Bahram; LeHoang, Phuc (2017) .
1597:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
1146:
1021:
1010:
1002:
994:
774:
392:
2696:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2435:
1585:
1103:
1067:("KP") on the posterior surface of the
916:
876:, and include the following diagnoses:
816:presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
351:and tissue destruction associated with
303:structures of the eye and includes the
211:presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
4646:
896:multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
866:
4610:
4006:
3409:
3138:
3094:
2859:
2857:
2685:
2683:
2344:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
2337:
1972:Babu BM, Rathinam SR (Jan–Feb 2010).
1869:"Uveitis for the non-ophthalmologist"
1611:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
990:
891:multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis
422:. Iritis is the inflammation of the
3981:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
2523:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
2478:
2211:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
2155:
2119:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2065:
2016:
1932:from the original on 4 December 2010
1799:from the original on 18 October 2011
1249:
1125:
911:acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
766:
511:
4104:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
3941:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
2756:
2746:from the original on June 16, 2012.
2106:
1784:
1772:from the original on 20 August 2016
16:Inflammation of the uvea of the eye
13:
4659:Disorders of iris and ciliary body
3976:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
2919:
2854:
2785:Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
2680:
2584:Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
2297:Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
1926:"Uveitis, Anterior, Granulomatous"
1460:
1307:Uveitis is typically treated with
1241:
1141:
1089:forms of anterior uveitis such as
508:Noninfectious or autoimmune causes
14:
4675:
3704:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
2658:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.12.002
1449:Uveitis–Glaucoma–Hyphema syndrome
1270:Uveitis is assessed as part of a
1091:Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis
682:Associated with systemic diseases
636:Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis
401:
331:and the presence of cells in the
167:Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis
3809:Central retinal artery occlusion
2563:from the original on 20 May 2012
2535:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.05.008
2438:Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
2223:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04567.x
2176:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00873.x
1846:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3598
1624:Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
1559:Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie
1542:from the original on 2014-12-23.
1294:Major histocompatibility antigen
1163:T cell sub-population that bear
641:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
608:
516:
243:
171:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
51:
30:
3814:Branch retinal artery occlusion
3543:Terrien's marginal degeneration
2819:
2776:
2750:
2732:
2633:
2618:
2575:
2549:
2513:
2472:
2429:
2380:
2331:
2288:
2247:
2198:
1978:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
1965:
1917:
1860:
1754:
1528:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.917
1384:
1026:Vascularised posterior synechia
4611:
3844:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
3804:Central retinal vein occlusion
3533:Pellucid marginal degeneration
2834:(3): 491–500, discussion 500.
2708:10.1002/14651858.CD014831.pub2
1703:
1683:
1660:
1546:
1493:
544:add the appropriate references
1:
3897:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
3788:Posterior vitreous detachment
3654:Persistent pupillary membrane
2414:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.032
1454:
1155:and the disease results from
746:chronic granulomatous disease
701:Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
662:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
347:may be overcome resulting in
283:, the pigmented layer of the
175:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
4384:Leber's congenital amaurosis
4295:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
4007:
3986:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
3971:Persistent fetal vasculature
3902:Leber's congenital amaurosis
2932:(in French) (2nd ed.).
2840:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.06.014
2596:10.3109/09273948.2012.681830
2450:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32834be021
2309:10.3109/09273948.2010.542269
1729:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030297
1636:10.1517/14728214.2011.537824
1620:"Emerging drugs for uveitis"
1404:
1302:
1265:
761:Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease
731:systemic lupus erythematosus
7:
3183:Meibomian gland dysfunction
2797:10.1076/ocii.10.4.263.15592
2338:Caspi RR (September 2010).
2091:10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4276
1432:
831:toxoplasmic chorioretinitis
529:reliable medical references
492:. Presence of this type of
462:is the inflammation of the
223:toxoplasmic chorioretinitis
173:, HLA-B27 related uveitis,
10:
4680:
3907:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
3881:Central serous retinopathy
3699:Focal choroidal excavation
3572:Corneal neovascularization
3389:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
3139:
2479:Dick AD (1 January 2012).
1276:dilated fundus examination
901:punctate inner choroiditis
886:birdshot chorioretinopathy
801:herpes zoster ophthalmicus
721:inflammatory bowel disease
388:a permanent loss of vision
4619:
4606:
4577:
4524:
4489:
4449:
4374:
4361:
4312:
4290:Convergence insufficiency
4277:
4218:
4186:
4163:
4133:
4074:
4032:
4019:
4015:
4002:
3931:Primary juvenile glaucoma
3915:
3776:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
3756:
3716:
3672:
3613:
3604:
3454:
3431:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3347:
3309:
3276:
3239:
3191:
3151:
3147:
3134:
3125:Diseases of the human eye
3028:
2958:
1571:10.1016/j.jfo.2017.11.003
1035:Anterior uveitis (iritis)
847:Drug-related side effects
535:or relies too heavily on
482:
279:) is inflammation of the
154:
146:
138:
130:
120:
110:
94:
43:
38:
29:
24:
3800:Ocular ischemic syndrome
2938:Elsevier Health Sciences
2883:10.3389/fmed.2021.695904
1928:. eMedicine from WebMD.
1817:: CS1 maint: location (
942:juvenile xanthogranuloma
938:intraocular foreign body
4300:One and a half syndrome
4054:Foster Kennedy syndrome
2646:Survey of Ophthalmology
2557:"Fluorescein eye stain"
1991:10.4103/0301-4738.58469
1595:Robbins Basic Pathology
1366:The anti-diabetic drug
906:serpiginous choroiditis
444:cavity, sometimes with
134:Pressure behind the eye
4539:Argyll Robertson pupil
3339:Periorbital cellulitis
1974:"Intermediate uveitis"
1953:Cite journal requires
1186:and other suppressive
1027:
1019:
1008:
1000:
983:reticulum cell sarcoma
862:, may lead to uveitis.
780:
696:Ankylosing spondylitis
656:ankylosing spondylitis
621:Sympathetic ophthalmia
398:
187:Sympathetic ophthalmia
4512:Scintillating scotoma
4178:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
4121:Toxic and nutritional
4094:posterior (PION)
3577:Kayser–Fleischer ring
2870:Frontiers in Medicine
2759:"Unsupported Browser"
2164:Immunological Reviews
2078:Journal of Immunology
1427:permanent vision loss
1355:medications, such as
1274:. Diagnosis includes
1147:Immunological factors
1043:Redness of the eye(s)
1025:
1014:
1006:
998:
778:
396:
386:, and in some cases,
329:ciliary blood vessels
4285:Conjugate gaze palsy
4156:Paralytic strabismus
4089:anterior (AION)
3871:Retinitis pigmentosa
3866:Macular degeneration
3639:Intermediate uveitis
3555:Keratoconjunctivitis
2131:10.1084/jem.20030413
2041:10.1167/iovs.11-8297
1444:Intermediate uveitis
1399:Vitamin D deficiency
1153:ocular immune system
1104:Intermediate uveitis
1065:keratic precipitates
1007:Keratic precipitates
934:retinitis pigmentosa
917:Masquerade syndromes
736:polyarteritis nodosa
654:(especially seen in
434:Intermediate uveitis
4590:Childhood blindness
4569:Parinaud's syndrome
4139:Extraocular muscles
3927:Ocular hypertension
3891:Epiretinal membrane
3876:Retinal haemorrhage
3731:Congenital cataract
2485:Ophthalmic Research
2405:2011FEBSL.585.3689B
1395:autoimmune diseases
874:white dot syndromes
867:White dot syndromes
706:psoriatic arthritis
4116:Leber's hereditary
3783:Retinal detachment
3736:Childhood cataract
3548:Post-LASIK ectasia
3329:Orbital cellulitis
3278:Lacrimal apparatus
3029:External resources
1834:JAMA Ophthalmology
1766:Consumer HealthDay
1696:2013-08-23 at the
1555:"Anterior uveitis"
1516:JAMA Ophthalmology
1332:T-regulatory cells
1040:Pain in the eye(s)
1028:
1020:
1009:
1001:
991:Signs and symptoms
973:malignant melanoma
947:retinal detachment
781:
756:multiple sclerosis
741:Kawasaki's disease
711:reactive arthritis
399:
376:retinal detachment
337:autoimmune disease
287:between the inner
150:Iris, Ciliary Body
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4544:Marcus Gunn pupil
4520:
4519:
4441:Visual impairment
4308:
4307:
4214:
4213:
4201:Fourth-nerve (IV)
4129:
4128:
4066:Optic disc drusen
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3712:
3711:
3600:
3599:
3506:Corneal dystrophy
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3272:
3271:
3088:
3087:
2947:978-2-294-74755-7
2934:Issy-les-Molineux
2498:10.1159/000335982
1886:10.1136/bmj.m4979
1604:978-1-4160-2973-1
1500:2005;140:509-516.
1250:Infectious agents
1126:Posterior uveitis
767:Infectious causes
726:Whipple's disease
652:Spondyloarthritis
617:
616:
593:
456:Posterior uveitis
366:injection, newer
345:immune mechanisms
236:
235:
183:Spondyloarthritis
19:Medical condition
4671:
4608:
4607:
4372:
4371:
4363:Vision disorders
4322:Refractive error
4264:Brown's syndrome
4220:Other strabismus
4206:Sixth-nerve (VI)
4196:Oculomotor (III)
4168:Ophthalmoparesis
4161:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4143:Binocular vision
4076:Optic neuropathy
4042:optic papillitis
4030:
4029:
4017:
4016:
4004:
4003:
3893:(Macular pucker)
3611:
3610:
3592:Band keratopathy
3429:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3334:Orbital lymphoma
3221:Blepharophimosis
3211:Blepharochalasis
3158:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2885:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2702:(10): CD014831.
2687:
2678:
2677:
2637:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2356:10.1172/JCI42440
2335:
2329:
2328:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2260:Molecular Vision
2251:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1888:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1731:
1707:
1701:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1673:Pak J Ophthalmol
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1419:band keratopathy
1415:uveitic glaucoma
1272:dilated eye exam
1260:varicella zoster
1165:T-cell receptors
716:Behçet's disease
612:
611:
603:
600:
594:
592:
551:
520:
519:
512:
436:, also known as
424:anterior chamber
412:Anterior uveitis
372:uveitic glaucoma
333:anterior chamber
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
34:
22:
21:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4633:
4615:
4594:
4573:
4516:
4485:
4445:
4399:Color blindness
4365:
4357:
4304:
4278:Other binocular
4273:
4210:
4182:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4125:
4070:
4023:
4011:
3990:
3946:Ocular hypotony
3911:
3771:Chorioretinitis
3752:
3708:
3692:Chorioretinitis
3668:
3649:Rubeosis iridis
3627:
3596:
3567:Corneal opacity
3523:Corneal ectasia
3450:
3414:
3393:
3379:Pseudopterygium
3343:
3305:
3268:
3235:
3231:Ankyloblepharon
3187:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3024:
3023:
2967:
2948:
2922:
2920:Further reading
2917:
2862:
2855:
2824:
2820:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2755:
2751:
2742:. May 8, 2012.
2738:
2737:
2733:
2688:
2681:
2652:(4): 991–1013.
2638:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2518:
2514:
2477:
2473:
2434:
2430:
2399:(23): 3689–98.
2385:
2381:
2336:
2332:
2293:
2289:
2252:
2248:
2203:
2199:
2160:
2156:
2125:(11): 1665–76.
2111:
2107:
2070:
2066:
2021:
2017:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1918:
1865:
1861:
1830:
1826:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1708:
1704:
1698:Wayback Machine
1688:
1684:
1665:
1661:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1551:
1547:
1522:(12): 1625–31.
1508:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1457:
1435:
1407:
1387:
1305:
1268:
1252:
1244:
1242:Genetic factors
1180:dendritic cells
1149:
1144:
1142:Pathophysiology
1128:
1106:
1079:Busacca nodules
1061:ciliary vessels
1056:Irregular pupil
1037:
993:
926:Non-neoplastic:
919:
869:
849:
799:herpesviruses (
769:
684:
648:related uveitis
631:Crohn's disease
613:
609:
604:
598:
595:
552:
541:
537:primary sources
521:
517:
510:
485:
460:chorioretinitis
404:
246:
242:
163:Crohn's disease
90:
54:
50:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4677:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4629:Onchocerciasis
4626:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4481:Quadrantanopia
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4426:Oguchi disease
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4269:Duane syndrome
4266:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4149:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4037:Optic neuritis
4033:
4027:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:Phthisis bulbi
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Coats' disease
3846:
3841:
3839:of prematurity
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3748:Ectopia lentis
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3606:Vascular tunic
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3489:Photokeratitis
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3362:Conjunctivitis
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3296:Dacryocystitis
3293:
3288:
3286:Dacryoadenitis
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3070:
3059:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3010:
2999:
2984:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:Classification
2953:
2952:
2946:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2853:
2818:
2775:
2749:
2731:
2679:
2632:
2617:
2574:
2548:
2512:
2471:
2428:
2379:
2350:(9): 3073–83.
2330:
2287:
2246:
2197:
2170:(1): 282–304.
2154:
2105:
2084:(7): 4276–83.
2064:
2035:(2): 897–905.
2015:
1964:
1955:|journal=
1916:
1859:
1824:
1783:
1753:
1702:
1682:
1659:
1610:
1603:
1591:Table 5-7 in:
1584:
1565:(1): e11–e21.
1545:
1502:
1492:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1406:
1403:
1386:
1383:
1353:Antimetabolite
1316:corneal ulcers
1309:glucocorticoid
1304:
1301:
1267:
1264:
1256:herpes simplex
1251:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1236:aqueous humour
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:Blurred vision
1135:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:Blurred vision
1116:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1076:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1047:Blurred vision
1044:
1041:
1036:
1033:
992:
989:
988:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:retinoblastoma
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
936:
928:
927:
918:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
868:
865:
864:
863:
856:
848:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
797:
792:
787:
768:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
649:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Behçet disease
623:
615:
614:
607:
605:
524:
522:
515:
509:
506:
484:
481:
480:
479:
471:
453:
431:
403:
402:Classification
400:
234:
233:
159:Behçet disease
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
98:
92:
91:
89:
88:
47:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4676:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Inflammations
4652:
4651:
4649:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Adie syndrome
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Achromatopsia
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4344:Anisometropia
4342:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4147:Accommodation
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Optic atrophy
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Keratomycosis
3959:
3957:
3956:Globe rupture
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3886:Macular edema
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:Retinoschisis
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Choroideremia
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Iridodialysis
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Arcus senilis
3585:
3583:
3582:Haab's striae
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Corneal ulcer
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:acanthamoebic
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Fibrous tunic
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3301:Xerophthalmia
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Lagophthalmos
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:Ophthalmology
2822:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:(4): 263–79.
2790:
2786:
2779:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2590:(4): 255–61.
2589:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:(4): 314–23.
2528:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:(2): 139–44.
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:(2): 165–77.
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:PLOS Medicine
1713:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:(2): 309–22.
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:macular edema
1420:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:triamcinolone
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:Most common:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:granulomatous
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1005:
999:Ciliary flush
997:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
958:
954:
953:
948:
945:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
925:
924:
923:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
875:
861:
857:
854:
851:
850:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:leptospirosis
809:
806:
802:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:bartonellosis
783:
782:
777:
773:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
677:
676:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
657:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
606:
602:
599:November 2021
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560: –
559:
555:
554:Find sources:
549:
545:
539:
538:
534:
530:
525:This section
523:
514:
513:
505:
501:
499:
498:relative risk
496:allele has a
495:
491:
477:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:pars planitis
435:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:iridocyclitis
413:
410:
409:
408:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:iridocyclitis
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
240:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:leptospirosis
200:
199:herpesviruses
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
122:Complications
119:
115:
113:
109:
106:
102:
101:Ophthalmology
99:
97:
93:
84:
49:
48:
46:
44:Pronunciation
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
4439: /
4435: /
4414:Monochromacy
4346: /
4242:Heterophoria
4230: /
3929: /
3925: /
3829:hypertensive
3802: /
3633:
3623:Ciliary body
3538:Keratoglobus
3446:Episcleritis
3324:Enophthalmos
3319:Exophthalmos
3264:Trichomegaly
3259:Distichiasis
3161:Inflammation
3072:
3061:
3047:
3036:
3012:
3001:
2986:
2971:
2928:
2873:
2869:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2752:
2734:
2699:
2695:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2627:
2620:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2551:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2444:(6): 483–8.
2441:
2437:
2431:
2396:
2393:FEBS Letters
2392:
2382:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2032:
2028:
2018:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1946:cite journal
1934:. Retrieved
1919:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1801:. Retrieved
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1594:
1587:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1408:
1392:
1388:
1385:Epidemiology
1375:valaciclovir
1372:
1365:
1357:methotrexate
1351:
1347:
1343:
1320:cycloplegics
1306:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1269:
1253:
1245:
1208:
1190:, including
1173:
1157:inflammation
1150:
1129:
1121:
1107:
1078:
1029:
920:
870:
860:Moxifloxacin
836:Lyme disease
826:toxocariasis
790:tuberculosis
770:
685:
596:
586:
579:
572:
565:
553:
533:verification
526:
502:
486:
473:
455:
445:
433:
411:
405:
364:intravitreal
357:
355:activation.
349:inflammation
317:intermediate
309:ciliary body
238:
237:
227:tuberculosis
219:toxocariasis
207:Lyme disease
4564:Cycloplegia
4507:Photophobia
4502:Hemeralopia
4459:Hemianopsia
4437:Vision loss
4348:Aniseikonia
4339:Astigmatism
4259:Cyclotropia
4237:Hypertropia
4049:Papilledema
4021:Optic nerve
3854:Sickle cell
3834:Purtscher's
3819:Retinopathy
3687:Choroiditis
3528:Keratoconus
3349:Conjunctiva
3226:Xanthelasma
3178:Blepharitis
3038:MedlinePlus
2491:(1): 43–9.
2266:: 2003–10.
1984:(1): 21–7.
1936:15 December
1840:(1): 81–4.
1722:(8): e297.
1679:(2): 61–64.
1328:homatropine
1052:Photophobia
955:Neoplastic:
807:of the eye)
795:brucellosis
751:sarcoidosis
667:Sarcoidosis
527:needs more
446:snowbanking
380:optic nerve
195:brucellosis
179:Sarcoidosis
131:Usual onset
4648:Categories
4613:Infections
4534:Anisocoria
4497:Asthenopia
4490:subjective
4474:homonymous
4469:bitemporal
4421:Nyctalopia
4409:Dichromacy
4353:Presbyopia
4314:Refraction
4135:Strabismus
4025:Optic disc
3384:Pinguecula
3249:Trichiasis
3063:Patient UK
3014:DiseasesDB
2936:, France:
2876:: 695904.
2630:March 2003
1691:"Uveitis."
1455:References
1361:Infliximab
1322:, such as
1284:vasculitis
1214:and other
1212:neutrophil
841:Zika fever
691:Enthesitis
569:newspapers
475:Panuveitis
450:pars plana
231:Zika fever
4585:Nystagmus
4559:Mydriasis
4433:Blindness
4379:Amblyopia
4367:Blindness
4327:Hyperopia
4252:Exophoria
4247:Esophoria
4232:Exotropia
4228:Esotropia
3766:Retinitis
3464:Keratitis
3441:Scleritis
3374:Pterygium
3254:Madarosis
3201:Ectropion
3196:Entropion
3173:Chalazion
3057:emerg/284
3049:eMedicine
2892:2296-858X
2757:Inkling.
2674:263477578
1911:231775713
1895:1756-1833
1879:: m4979.
1689:White G.
1479:"Uveitis"
1411:cataracts
1405:Prognosis
1379:aciclovir
1368:metformin
1303:Treatment
1280:retinitis
1266:Diagnosis
1216:leukocyte
1210:leads to
1188:cytokines
1176:microglia
853:Rifabutin
558:"Uveitis"
414:includes
384:cataracts
368:biologics
341:infection
105:optometry
96:Specialty
4624:Trachoma
4389:Diplopia
4084:Ischemic
4009:Pathways
3923:Glaucoma
3824:diabetic
3726:Cataract
3664:Synechia
3516:Meesmann
3484:Exposure
3469:herpetic
3367:allergic
3357:Chemosis
3291:Epiphora
3074:Orphanet
2910:34568364
2848:15019324
2813:23658926
2805:12854035
2744:Archived
2726:36315029
2666:34896190
2612:23301939
2604:22564107
2561:Archived
2543:20656330
2507:22398563
2466:42582137
2458:21918442
2423:21515266
2374:20811163
2325:20937369
2317:21428757
2282:21850175
2241:22471277
2192:21119296
2184:20193026
2149:14657219
2100:17371984
2059:22247477
2010:20029143
1930:Archived
1903:33536186
1854:25275293
1813:cite web
1797:Archived
1770:Archived
1748:16942393
1694:Archived
1654:21210752
1579:29290458
1540:Archived
1536:24337558
1485:19 April
1433:See also
1336:subtenon
1324:atropine
1312:steroids
1184:TGF beta
1134:Floaters
1113:Floaters
1097:Synechia
1073:hypopyon
1016:Hypopyon
978:leukemia
968:lymphoma
821:syphilis
805:shingles
442:vitreous
382:damage,
360:steroids
325:floaters
301:vascular
215:syphilis
142:Lifetime
139:Duration
126:Diabetes
112:Symptoms
4464:binasal
4451:Anopsia
4394:Scotoma
4188:palsies
3951:Red eye
3936:Floater
3743:Aphakia
3674:Choroid
3644:Hyphema
3634:Uveitis
3241:Eyelash
3068:Uveitis
3054:oph/580
3008:D014605
2901:8461013
2763:Inkling
2717:9621106
2559:. NIH.
2401:Bibcode
2365:2929721
2273:3154134
2232:3390517
2140:2194140
2050:3317428
2001:2841370
1739:1564298
1645:3102121
646:HLA-B27
583:scholar
548:removed
490:HLA-B27
468:choroid
313:choroid
239:Uveitis
25:Uveitis
4554:Miosis
4332:Myopia
4111:Kjer's
3859:photic
3758:Retina
3511:Fuchs'
3479:fungal
3456:Cornea
3433:Sclera
3216:Ptosis
3153:Eyelid
3141:Adnexa
3043:001005
2944:
2929:Uvéite
2908:
2898:
2890:
2846:
2811:
2803:
2724:
2714:
2672:
2664:
2610:
2602:
2567:15 May
2541:
2505:
2464:
2456:
2421:
2372:
2362:
2323:
2315:
2280:
2270:
2239:
2229:
2190:
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2137:
2098:
2057:
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2008:
1998:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1852:
1746:
1736:
1652:
1642:
1601:
1577:
1534:
1169:thymus
1093:(FHI).
1069:cornea
585:
578:
571:
564:
556:
483:Causes
464:retina
420:iritis
353:T-cell
311:, and
297:cornea
293:sclera
289:retina
155:Causes
87:
4578:Other
4526:Pupil
3916:Other
3560:sicca
3412:Globe
3311:Orbit
3079:98715
3019:13676
2809:S2CID
2768:2 May
2670:S2CID
2608:S2CID
2462:S2CID
2321:S2CID
2188:S2CID
1907:S2CID
1803:5 May
1776:2 May
1224:TNF-α
1220:IL-17
1192:IL-10
590:JSTOR
576:books
147:Types
3718:Lens
3618:Iris
3168:Stye
3003:MeSH
2992:9-CM
2942:ISBN
2906:PMID
2888:ISSN
2844:PMID
2801:PMID
2770:2018
2722:PMID
2700:2022
2662:PMID
2600:PMID
2569:2012
2539:PMID
2503:PMID
2454:PMID
2419:PMID
2370:PMID
2313:PMID
2278:PMID
2237:PMID
2180:PMID
2145:PMID
2096:PMID
2055:PMID
2006:PMID
1959:help
1938:2010
1899:PMID
1891:ISSN
1850:PMID
1819:link
1805:2013
1778:2018
1744:PMID
1650:PMID
1599:ISBN
1575:PMID
1532:PMID
1487:2023
1425:and
1282:and
1232:IL-8
1230:and
1228:IL-6
1204:Th17
1202:and
1196:Treg
1178:and
1161:Th17
1083:iris
562:news
531:for
466:and
428:iris
426:and
418:and
305:iris
295:and
281:uvea
2997:364
2988:ICD
2982:H20
2973:ICD
2896:PMC
2878:doi
2836:doi
2832:111
2793:doi
2712:PMC
2704:doi
2654:doi
2625:BNF
2592:doi
2531:doi
2493:doi
2446:doi
2409:doi
2397:585
2360:PMC
2352:doi
2348:120
2305:doi
2268:PMC
2227:PMC
2219:doi
2215:168
2172:doi
2168:234
2135:PMC
2127:doi
2123:198
2086:doi
2082:178
2045:PMC
2037:doi
1996:PMC
1986:doi
1881:doi
1877:372
1873:BMJ
1842:doi
1838:133
1734:PMC
1724:doi
1640:PMC
1632:doi
1567:doi
1524:doi
1520:131
1377:or
1326:or
1200:Th1
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494:HLA
458:or
339:or
285:eye
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