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Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome

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findings when a choroidal neovascular membrane is suspected which is a condition that responds to treatment. A vitreo-retinal specialist (an ophthalmologist specialized in treatment of retinal diseases) should be consulted for proper management of the case.
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Gonzales, C. A.; Scott, I. U.; Chaudhry, N. A.; Luu, K. M.; Miller, D; Murray, T. G.; Davis, J. L. (2000). "Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. Capsulatum: A case report and literature review".
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Macher A, Rodrigues MM, Kaplan W, Pistole MC, McKittrick A, Lawrinson WE, Reichert CM (1985). "Disseminated bilateral chorioretinitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome".
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Nielsen J. S.; Fick T. A.; Saggau D. D.; Barnes C. H. (2012). "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular histoplasmosis syndrome".
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is controversial and has been questioned by a number of medical professionals. The fungus has rarely been isolated from cases with POHS, the condition has also been found in locations where
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Ehrlich R, Ciulla TA, Maturi R, et al. (2009). "Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome".
1550: 947: 1619: 1545: 59:) is a syndrome affecting the eye, which is characterized by peripheral atrophic chorioretinal scars, atrophy or scarring adjacent to the 559: 1567: 1562: 1387: 427: 1427: 1540: 1535: 1422: 989: 174: 1290: 1150: 173:
are using anti-vascular endothelial growth factors to treat AMD and similar conditions since research indicates that
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scars, peripapillary pigment changes (dark spots around optic disc of the eye), and a
1990: 1887: 1652: 1512: 1295: 952: 858: 467: 423: 387: 366:"The probable role of benign histoplasmosis in the etiology of granulomatous uveitis" 338: 294: 259: 223: 41: 479: 350: 306: 1778: 1768: 1614: 1589: 1522: 1488: 1407: 1038: 1028: 925: 780: 667: 657: 459: 377: 330: 286: 251: 215: 170: 105: 1845: 1809: 1773: 1392: 1217: 1204: 1138: 1095: 1013: 825: 757: 677: 662: 463: 334: 290: 127: 2075: 1927: 1872: 1715: 1483: 1412: 1194: 1164: 1110: 1064: 935: 808: 742: 732: 319: 277:
Thuruthumaly C; Yee D. C.; Rao P. K. (2014). "Presumed ocular histoplasmosis".
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is usually performed for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with POHS.
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The diagnosis of POHS is based on the clinical triad of multiple white,
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Despite its name, the "presumed" relationship of POHS to
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Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
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is rare, and there appears to be a relationship with
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Stefan Dithmar; Frank Gerhard Holz (28 April 2008).
1601: 449: 1546:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION) 363: 161:(AMD) have been successfully treated with laser, 2092: 409: 567: 553: 1620:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 157:Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome and 149:Treatment requires careful consideration of 100:Completely distinct from POHS, acute ocular 948:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy 607: 443: 36:Retinal photograph of ocular histoplasmosis 560: 546: 27: 419:Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology 381: 163:anti-vascular endothelial growth factors 70:The loss of vision in POHS is caused by 406:Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome 53:Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome 22:Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome 2093: 2057: 1453: 856: 585: 541: 1428:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 1551:non-arteritic anterior (NAION) 1388:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy 13: 1423:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis 175:vascular endothelial growth factor 14: 2117: 1151:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 489: 1256:Central retinal artery occlusion 279:Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 159:age-related macular degeneration 1261:Branch retinal artery occlusion 990:Terrien's marginal degeneration 77: 2058: 1291:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy 1251:Central retinal vein occlusion 980:Pellucid marginal degeneration 398: 357: 313: 270: 234: 198: 1: 1344:Vitelliform macular dystrophy 1235:Posterior vitreous detachment 1101:Persistent pupillary membrane 256:10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00179-7 220:10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33921-0 192: 1831:Leber's congenital amaurosis 1742:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia 1454: 1433:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease 1418:Persistent fetal vasculature 1349:Leber's congenital amaurosis 464:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181babdf1 364:Woods AC; Wahlen HE (1959). 335:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318229b220 291:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000100 144: 133: 95:choroidal neovascularization 72:choroidal neovascularization 7: 630:Meibomian gland dysfunction 422:. Springer. pp. 168–. 180: 10: 2122: 1354:Birdshot chorioretinopathy 1328:Central serous retinopathy 1146:Focal choroidal excavation 1019:Corneal neovascularization 836:Subconjunctival hemorrhage 586: 452:Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2066: 2053: 2024: 1971: 1936: 1896: 1821: 1808: 1759: 1737:Convergence insufficiency 1724: 1665: 1633: 1610: 1580: 1521: 1479: 1466: 1462: 1449: 1378:Primary juvenile glaucoma 1362: 1223:Cytomegalovirus retinitis 1203: 1163: 1119: 1060: 1051: 901: 878: 869: 865: 857: 852: 794: 756: 723: 686: 638: 598: 594: 581: 572:Diseases of the human eye 511: 497: 111: 40: 35: 26: 21: 1247:Ocular ischemic syndrome 1747:One and a half syndrome 1501:Foster Kennedy syndrome 139:Fluorescein angiography 1986:Argyll Robertson pupil 786:Periorbital cellulitis 119:Histoplasma capsulatum 1959:Scintillating scotoma 1625:Kearns–Sayre syndrome 1568:Toxic and nutritional 1541:posterior (PION) 1024:Kayser–Fleischer ring 1732:Conjugate gaze palsy 1603:Paralytic strabismus 1536:anterior (AION) 1318:Retinitis pigmentosa 1313:Macular degeneration 1086:Intermediate uveitis 1002:Keratoconjunctivitis 167:photodynamic therapy 104:may rarely occur in 2037:Childhood blindness 2016:Parinaud's syndrome 1586:Extraocular muscles 1374:Ocular hypertension 1338:Epiretinal membrane 1323:Retinal haemorrhage 1178:Congenital cataract 1563:Leber's hereditary 1230:Retinal detachment 1183:Childhood cataract 995:Post-LASIK ectasia 776:Orbital cellulitis 725:Lacrimal apparatus 512:External resources 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2044: 1991:Marcus Gunn pupil 1967: 1966: 1888:Visual impairment 1755: 1754: 1661: 1660: 1648:Fourth-nerve (IV) 1576: 1575: 1513:Optic disc drusen 1445: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1159: 1158: 1047: 1046: 953:Corneal dystrophy 848: 847: 844: 843: 719: 718: 535: 534: 429:978-3-540-78359-6 50: 49: 16:Medical condition 2113: 2055: 2054: 1819: 1818: 1810:Vision disorders 1769:Refractive error 1711:Brown's syndrome 1667:Other strabismus 1653:Sixth-nerve (VI) 1643:Oculomotor (III) 1615:Ophthalmoparesis 1608: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1590:Binocular vision 1523:Optic neuropathy 1489:optic papillitis 1477: 1476: 1464: 1463: 1451: 1450: 1340:(Macular pucker) 1058: 1057: 1039:Band keratopathy 876: 875: 867: 866: 854: 853: 781:Orbital lymphoma 668:Blepharophimosis 658:Blepharochalasis 605: 604: 596: 595: 583: 582: 562: 555: 548: 539: 538: 495: 494: 484: 483: 447: 441: 440: 438: 436: 413: 407: 402: 396: 395: 385: 361: 355: 354: 317: 311: 310: 274: 268: 267: 238: 232: 231: 202: 171:Ophthalmologists 106:immunodeficiency 31: 19: 18: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2080: 2062: 2041: 2020: 1963: 1932: 1892: 1846:Color blindness 1812: 1804: 1751: 1725:Other binocular 1720: 1657: 1629: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1572: 1517: 1470: 1458: 1437: 1393:Ocular hypotony 1358: 1218:Chorioretinitis 1199: 1155: 1139:Chorioretinitis 1115: 1096:Rubeosis iridis 1074: 1043: 1014:Corneal opacity 970:Corneal ectasia 897: 861: 840: 826:Pseudopterygium 790: 752: 715: 682: 678:Ankyloblepharon 634: 590: 577: 576: 566: 536: 531: 530: 526:article/1224400 507: 506: 492: 487: 458:(10): 1418–23. 448: 444: 434: 432: 430: 414: 410: 403: 399: 362: 358: 318: 314: 275: 271: 239: 235: 203: 199: 195: 183: 147: 136: 128:tobacco smoking 114: 80: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2119: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2076:Onchocerciasis 2073: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1930: 1928:Quadrantanopia 1925: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1902: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1890: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1873:Oguchi disease 1865: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1765: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1716:Duane syndrome 1713: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1686: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1596: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1527: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1484:Optic neuritis 1480: 1474: 1460: 1459: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1413:Phthisis bulbi 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1296:Coats' disease 1293: 1288: 1286:of prematurity 1283: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1209: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1195:Ectopia lentis 1192: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1169: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1053:Vascular tunic 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 999: 998: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 967: 966: 965: 960: 950: 945: 940: 939: 938: 936:Photokeratitis 933: 928: 923: 918: 907: 905: 899: 898: 896: 895: 890: 884: 882: 873: 863: 862: 850: 849: 846: 845: 842: 841: 839: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 817: 816: 809:Conjunctivitis 806: 800: 798: 792: 791: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 762: 760: 754: 753: 751: 750: 745: 743:Dacryocystitis 740: 735: 733:Dacryoadenitis 729: 727: 721: 720: 717: 716: 714: 713: 708: 703: 698: 692: 690: 684: 683: 681: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 639: 636: 635: 633: 632: 627: 622: 617: 611: 609: 602: 592: 591: 579: 578: 575: 574: 568: 565: 564: 557: 550: 542: 533: 532: 529: 528: 516: 515: 513: 509: 508: 502: 501: 499: 498:Classification 491: 490:External links 488: 486: 485: 442: 428: 408: 397: 356: 312: 269: 233: 214:(8): 1159–64. 196: 194: 191: 190: 189: 182: 179: 146: 143: 135: 132: 124:histoplasmosis 113: 110: 102:histoplasmosis 79: 76: 48: 47: 44: 38: 37: 33: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2118: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1996:Adie syndrome 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1851:Achromatopsia 1849: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:Anisometropia 1789: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594:Accommodation 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1508:Optic atrophy 1506: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1408:Keratomycosis 1406: 1404: 1403:Globe rupture 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Macular edema 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242:Retinoschisis 1240: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1129:Choroideremia 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1106:Iridodialysis 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1034:Arcus senilis 1032: 1030: 1029:Haab's striae 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 971: 968: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 943:Corneal ulcer 941: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 921:acanthamoebic 919: 917: 914: 913: 912: 909: 908: 906: 904: 900: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 883: 881: 877: 874: 872: 871:Fibrous tunic 868: 864: 860: 855: 851: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 815: 812: 811: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 799: 797: 793: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 761: 759: 755: 749: 748:Xerophthalmia 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 728: 726: 722: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 691: 689: 685: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 653:Lagophthalmos 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 637: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 610: 606: 603: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 580: 573: 570: 569: 563: 558: 556: 551: 549: 544: 543: 540: 527: 523: 522: 518: 517: 514: 510: 505: 500: 496: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 446: 431: 425: 421: 420: 412: 405: 401: 393: 389: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 360: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 329:(3): 468–72. 328: 324: 316: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285:(6): 508–12. 284: 280: 273: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 244:Ophthalmology 237: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 208:Ophthalmology 201: 197: 188: 185: 184: 178: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 155: 152: 142: 140: 131: 129: 125: 121: 120: 109: 107: 103: 98: 96: 92: 88: 85: 75: 73: 68: 66: 62: 58: 54: 46:Ophthalmology 45: 43: 39: 34: 30: 25: 20: 2101:Eye diseases 1886: / 1882: / 1861:Monochromacy 1793: / 1689:Heterophoria 1677: / 1376: / 1372: / 1276:hypertensive 1249: / 1070:Ciliary body 985:Keratoglobus 893:Episcleritis 771:Enophthalmos 766:Exophthalmos 711:Trichomegaly 706:Distichiasis 608:Inflammation 519: 455: 451: 445: 433:. Retrieved 418: 411: 400: 373: 369: 359: 326: 322: 315: 282: 278: 272: 250:(4): 725–9. 247: 243: 236: 211: 207: 200: 156: 151:angiographic 148: 137: 117: 115: 99: 81: 78:Presentation 69: 56: 52: 51: 2011:Cycloplegia 1954:Photophobia 1949:Hemeralopia 1906:Hemianopsia 1884:Vision loss 1795:Aniseikonia 1786:Astigmatism 1706:Cyclotropia 1684:Hypertropia 1496:Papilledema 1468:Optic nerve 1301:Sickle cell 1281:Purtscher's 1266:Retinopathy 1134:Choroiditis 975:Keratoconus 796:Conjunctiva 673:Xanthelasma 625:Blepharitis 376:: 318–347. 91:maculopathy 65:maculopathy 2095:Categories 2060:Infections 1981:Anisocoria 1944:Asthenopia 1937:subjective 1921:homonymous 1916:bitemporal 1868:Nyctalopia 1856:Dichromacy 1800:Presbyopia 1761:Refraction 1582:Strabismus 1472:Optic disc 831:Pinguecula 696:Trichiasis 193:References 93:caused by 61:optic disc 2106:Syndromes 2032:Nystagmus 2006:Mydriasis 1880:Blindness 1826:Amblyopia 1814:Blindness 1774:Hyperopia 1699:Exophoria 1694:Esophoria 1679:Exotropia 1675:Esotropia 1213:Retinitis 911:Keratitis 888:Scleritis 821:Pterygium 701:Madarosis 648:Ectropion 643:Entropion 620:Chalazion 521:eMedicine 145:Treatment 134:Diagnosis 87:choroidal 42:Specialty 2071:Trachoma 1836:Diplopia 1531:Ischemic 1456:Pathways 1370:Glaucoma 1271:diabetic 1173:Cataract 1111:Synechia 963:Meesmann 931:Exposure 916:herpetic 814:allergic 804:Chemosis 738:Epiphora 480:44374405 472:19898179 392:16693576 351:25507234 343:21817958 307:43761401 299:25237930 264:10768335 181:See also 84:atrophic 1911:binasal 1898:Anopsia 1841:Scotoma 1635:palsies 1398:Red eye 1383:Floater 1190:Aphakia 1121:Choroid 1091:Hyphema 1081:Uveitis 688:Eyelash 435:29 June 383:1316339 228:2413418 187:Uveitis 2001:Miosis 1779:Myopia 1558:Kjer's 1306:photic 1205:Retina 958:Fuchs' 926:fungal 903:Cornea 880:Sclera 663:Ptosis 600:Eyelid 588:Adnexa 478:  470:  426:  390:  380:  349:  341:  323:Retina 305:  297:  262:  226:  112:Causes 2025:Other 1973:Pupil 1363:Other 1007:sicca 859:Globe 758:Orbit 476:S2CID 347:S2CID 303:S2CID 1165:Lens 1065:Iris 615:Stye 468:PMID 437:2010 424:ISBN 388:PMID 339:PMID 295:PMID 260:PMID 224:PMID 165:and 63:and 57:POHS 460:doi 378:PMC 331:doi 287:doi 252:doi 248:107 216:doi 2097:: 524:: 474:. 466:. 456:29 454:. 386:. 374:57 372:. 368:. 345:. 337:. 327:32 325:. 301:. 293:. 283:25 281:. 258:. 246:. 222:. 212:92 210:. 169:. 130:. 108:. 97:. 74:. 67:. 561:e 554:t 547:v 504:D 482:. 462:: 439:. 394:. 353:. 333:: 309:. 289:: 266:. 254:: 230:. 218:: 55:(

Index


Specialty
optic disc
maculopathy
choroidal neovascularization
atrophic
choroidal
maculopathy
choroidal neovascularization
histoplasmosis
immunodeficiency
Histoplasma capsulatum
histoplasmosis
tobacco smoking
Fluorescein angiography
angiographic
age-related macular degeneration
anti-vascular endothelial growth factors
photodynamic therapy
Ophthalmologists
vascular endothelial growth factor
Uveitis
doi
10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33921-0
PMID
2413418
doi
10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00179-7
PMID
10768335

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