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1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and
272:
and outer and middle layers of the retina, are branches of the ophthalmic artery and enter the eyeball without passing with the optic nerve. The retinal circulation, on the other hand, derives its circulation from the central retinal artery, also a branch of the ophthalmic artery, but passing in
400:
Choroid is the most common site for metastasis in the eye due to its extensive vascular supply. The origin of the metastases are usually from breast cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and kidney cancer. Bilateral choroidal metastases are usually due to breast cancer, while unilateral
660:
Dolz-Marco, R., Gallego-Pinazo, R., Dansingani, K. K., & Yannuzzi, L. A. (2017). The history of the choroid. In J. Chhablani & J. Ruiz-Medrano (Eds.), Choroidal
Disorders (Vol. 1–5, pp. 1–5). Academic Press.
1002:
veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina
520:
633:
Puyo, Léo, Michel Paques, Mathias Fink, José-Alain Sahel, and
Michael Atlan. "Choroidal vasculature imaging with laser Doppler holography." Biomedical optics express 10, no. 2 (2019): 995–1012.
445:
642:
Léo Puyo, Michel Paques, and
Michael Atlan, "Spatio-temporal filtering in laser Doppler holography for retinal blood flow imaging," Biomed. Opt. Express 11, 3274–3287 (2020)
319:
bear a body of capillary adjacent to the optic nerve called the choroidal gland. Though its function is not known, it is believed to be a supplemental oxygen carrier.
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194:. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides
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330:, a dark colored pigment, helps the choroid limit uncontrolled reflection within the eye that would potentially result in the perception of confusing images.
982:
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381:) around 400 BCE, calling it the "chitoon malista somphos" (more spongy tunic ). Democritus likely saw the choroid from dissections of animal eyes.
353:, helps to collect light by reflecting it in a controlled manner. The uncontrolled reflection of light from dark choroid produces the photographic
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The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):
349:. In these animals, melanin is absent from a section of the choroid and within that section a layer of highly reflective tissue, the
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575:"Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and function of the Human Eye" vol. 27, p. 174 Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987
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conjunction with the optic nerve. They branch in a segmental distribution to end arterioles and not
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The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section
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are dependent on choroidal blood supply. The structure of choroidal vessels can be revealed by
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239:(synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) – innermost layer of the choroid.
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Interior of anterior half of bulb of eye. (Choroid labeled at right, second from the bottom.)
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Haller's layer – outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;
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743:
Reverón, R. (2015). Herophilos, the great anatomist of antiquity. Anatomy, 9(2), 108–111.
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on photos, whereas the controlled reflection of light from the tapetum lucidum produces
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metastasis is due to lung cancer. Choroidal metastases should be differentiated from
277:. This is clinically significant for diseases affecting choroidal blood supply. The
257:
183:
720:
Herophilus: The Art of
Medicine in Early Alexandria: Edition, Translation and Essays
651:"Eye (Vertebrate)" McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, vol. 6, 2007.
345:. In many animals, however, the partial absence of melanin contributes to superior
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Calf's eye dissected to expose the choroid: its tapetum lucidum is iridescent blue
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Choroidal blood flow revealed with ICG-angiography (Spectralis, Heidelberg) and
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388:(c. 335 – 280 BCE) also described the choroid from his dissections on eyes of
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There are two circulations of the eye: the retinal (in the retina) and
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Schematic cross section of the human eye; choroid is shown in purple.
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This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye
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responsible for central vision and the anterior part of the
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https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/371071
820: – Histology Learning System at Boston University
490:
The interior of the posterior half of the left eyeball
765:"Choroidal metastases: origin, features, and therapy"
762:
763:Arepalli S, Kaliki S, Shields CL (February 2015).
1534:
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587:"Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature"
839:
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337:, melanin occurs throughout the choroid. In
198:and nourishment to the outer layers of the
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341:humans, frequently melanin is absent and
227:– layer of medium diameter blood vessels;
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289:, and blood flow can be revealed by
454:of retinal and choroidal blood flow
373:The choroid was first described by
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667:10.1016/b978-0-12-805313-3.00001-6
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66:Short posterior ciliary arteries
769:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
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70:long posterior ciliary arteries
723:. Cambridge University Press.
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37:, with choroid labeled at top.
1:
717:Staden, Heinrich von (1989).
531:
502:Structures of the eye labeled
291:Indocyanine green angiography
1492:Optical coherence tomography
1246:Photosensitive ganglion cell
322:
287:optical coherence tomography
7:
1242:Giant retina ganglion cells
1031:Capillary lamina of choroid
680:"Democritus' Ophthalmology"
408:
268:circulation, supplying the
233:– layer of capillaries; and
10:
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1186:Retinal pigment epithelium
1176:External limiting membrane
585:Hayreh S (November 1975).
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254:posterior ciliary arteries
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818:Histology image: 08008loa
696:10.1017/S0009838812000109
333:In humans and most other
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16:Vascular layer of the eye
782:10.4103/0301-4738.154380
264:). The arteries of the
252:, supplied in humans by
210:, the choroid forms the
1181:Layer of rods and cones
1137:Inner limiting membrane
684:The Classical Quarterly
678:Rudolph, Kelli (2012).
554:MRCOphth Sacs questions
384:About 100 years later,
262:internal carotid artery
256:, originating from the
186:, and lies between the
1003:
565:The Ocular Circulation
308:
142:Anatomical terminology
1497:Eye care professional
1302:Foveal avascular zone
1164:Outer plexiform layer
1152:Inner plexiform layer
1107:Iris sphincter muscle
1000:
603:10.1136/bjo.59.11.631
452:Laser Doppler imaging
396:Clinical significance
306:laser Doppler imaging
303:
295:laser Doppler imaging
1517:Physiological Optics
1487:Ocular immune system
1226:Retina ganglion cell
162:, also known as the
1341:Anatomical regions
1202:Photoreceptor cells
1169:Outer nuclear layer
1157:Inner nuclear layer
1147:Ganglion cell layer
1102:Iris dilator muscle
897:Trabecular meshwork
170:, is a part of the
1004:
749:10.2399/ana.15.003
309:
202:. Along with the
184:connective tissues
1543:Human eye anatomy
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1529:
1522:Visual perception
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1437:Posterior segment
1405:Posterior chamber
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1238:Bistratified cell
1142:Nerve fiber layer
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1059:Ciliary processes
960:
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730:978-0-521-23646-1
426:Additional images
377:(c. 460 – c. 370
260:(a branch of the
258:ophthalmic artery
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33:Cross-section of
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1507:Refractive error
1445:Vitreous chamber
1390:Anterior chamber
1351:Anterior segment
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231:Choriocapillaris
148:edit on Wikidata
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1234:Parasol cell
1218:Bipolar cell
1069:Pars plicata
1051:Ciliary body
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244:Blood supply
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204:ciliary body
168:choroid coat
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111:A15.2.03.002
86:
1502:Eye disease
1482:Keratocytes
1371:Conjunctiva
1328:Ora serrata
1266:Muller glia
1230:Midget cell
950:Endothelium
940:Dua's layer
283:optic nerve
275:anastomoses
212:uveal tract
76:Identifiers
1537:Categories
1343:of the eye
1316:Optic disc
1074:Pars plana
945:Descemet's
925:Epithelium
532:References
386:Herophilos
375:Democritus
1321:Optic cup
1206:Cone cell
860:human eye
704:0009-8388
323:Mechanism
164:choroidea
87:choroidea
35:human eye
1210:Rod cell
1015:(middle)
930:Bowman's
801:25827542
409:See also
390:cadavers
359:eyeshine
335:primates
317:Teleosts
190:and the
176:vascular
1462:Choroid
1363:Eyebrow
1307:Foveola
1123:(inner)
1023:Choroid
871:(outer)
858:of the
792:4399120
612:1017426
420:Uveitis
369:History
328:Melanin
160:choroid
99:D002829
55:Details
22:Choroid
1457:Retina
1367:Eyelid
1359:Adnexa
1282:Macula
1262:K cell
1258:M cell
1254:P cell
1130:Layers
1121:Retina
1092:Stroma
935:Stroma
920:layers
915:Limbus
907:Cornea
879:Sclera
799:
789:
727:
702:
621:812547
619:
609:
339:albino
293:, and
279:macula
200:retina
196:oxygen
192:sclera
188:retina
174:, the
61:Artery
1475:Other
1379:Orbit
1297:Fovea
1275:Other
1212:) → (
1195:Cells
1097:Pupil
1013:tunic
856:globe
361:(see
266:uveal
250:uveal
146:[
135:58298
82:Latin
1415:Lens
1400:Iris
1248:) →
1224:) →
1216:) →
1084:Iris
797:PMID
725:ISBN
700:ISSN
617:PMID
270:uvea
208:iris
206:and
172:uvea
158:The
123:6774
106:TA98
94:MeSH
1220:→ (
787:PMC
777:doi
745:doi
692:doi
663:doi
607:PMC
599:doi
379:BCE
365:).
180:eye
166:or
130:FMA
118:TA2
1539::
1377:,
1373:,
1369:,
1365:,
1264:,
1260:,
1256:,
1252::
1244:,
1240:,
1236:,
1232:,
1208:,
795:.
785:.
773:63
771:.
767:.
698:.
688:62
686:.
682:.
615:.
605:.
595:59
593:.
589:.
540:^
392:.
297:.
214:.
68:,
1381:)
1361:(
1228:(
1204:(
847:e
840:t
833:v
803:.
779::
747::
733:.
706:.
694::
665::
623:.
601::
150:]
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