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maintain a longstanding navy. Instead of building, funding, and maintaining a navy in times of peace and in times of war, governments would issue letters of marque to privateers so they could fight the nation's battles. This way, the government issuing the letter of marque were not responsible to fix or maintain any of the privateers' ships since they were owned by the privateers.
721:, California, flew anti-submarine patrols. As the civilian crew was armed with a rifle, a persistent misconception arose that this made the ship a privateer and that she and sister commercial blimps were operated under letters of marque until the Navy took over operation. Without congressional authorization, the Navy would not have been able to legally issue any letters of marque.
21:
1011:
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Privateers were also required by the terms of their letters of marque to obey the laws of war, honor treaty obligations (avoid attacking neutrals), and in particular to treat captives as courteously and kindly as they safely could. If they failed to live up to their obligations, the admiralty courts
761:
was introduced, which would have granted the president the authority to use letters of marque and reprisal against the specific terrorists, instead of warring against a foreign state. The terrorists were compared to pirates in that they are difficult to fight by traditional military means. On April
653:
was captured in 1861, its crew was put on trial in New York. The
Confederate government, however, threatened to execute captured Union soldiers in retaliation if any of the Confederate sailors were convicted and hanged, and the Union eventually agreed to treat Confederate privateers as prisoners of
733:
of
Congress, alongside the power to tax and to declare war. However, since the American Civil War, the United States as a matter of policy has consistently followed the terms of the 1856 Paris Declaration forbidding the practice. The United States has not legally commissioned any privateers since
303:
The letter of marque and reprisal was documented in 1295, 50 years after wartime privateer licenses were first issued. According to
Grotius, letters of marque and reprisal were akin to a "private war", a concept alien to modern sensibilities but related to an age when the ocean was lawless and all
189:
Letters of marque allowed governments to fight their wars using private captains and sailors, akin to mercenary soldiers, to hunt down enemies and fight their wars instead of using their navies. Oftentimes it was cheaper and easier for governments to issue letters of marque to privateers than to
157:
for condemnation and transfer of ownership to the privateer. A letter of marque and reprisal would include permission to cross an international border to conduct a reprisal (take some action against an attack or injury) and was authorized by an issuing jurisdiction to conduct reprisal operations
576:
for good behaviour. The details of the ship, including tonnage, crew and weapons were recorded. The ownership of these ships was often split into â…› shares. Prizes were assessed and valued with profits split in pre-agreed proportions among the government, the owners, and the captain and crew.
383:. They did not need permission to carry cannons to fend off warships, privateers, and pirates on their voyages to India and China but, the letters of marque provided that, should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy. Similarly, the
304:
merchant vessels sailed armed for self-defense. A reprisal involved seeking the sovereign's permission to exact private retribution against some foreign prince or subject. The earliest instance of a licensed reprisal recorded in
England was in the year 1295 under the reign of
165:
up to the 19th century, cruising for enemy prizes with a letter of marque was considered an honorable calling that combined patriotism and profit. Such privateering contrasted with individuals conducting unlicensed attacks and captures of random ships, which was known as
449:. The Indiamen were able to catch up with a number of the prizes, and, after a few cannon shots, were able to retake them. Had they not carried letters of marque, such behaviour might well have qualified as piracy. Similarly, on 10 November 1800, the East Indiaman
316:
Licensing privateers during wartime became widespread in Europe by the 16th century, when most countries began to enact laws regulating the granting of letters of marque and reprisal. Such business could be very profitable; during the eight years of the
355:, it was common to distinguish verbally between privateers (also known as private ships of war) on the one hand, and armed merchantmen, which were referred to as "letters of marque", on the other, though both received the same commission. The
546:, and of international laws and customs. The United States granted the commission to the vessel, not to its captain, often for a limited time or specified area, and stated the enemy upon whom attacks were permitted. For example, during the
1382:
Eastman, Famous
Privateers of New England p. 44-45 (recounting a custom of the War of 1812, that British captives would insert in New England newspapers "a card of thanks expressing their appreciation for kind treatment accorded them as
670:
Nations often agreed by treaty to forgo privateering, as
England and France repeatedly did starting with the diplomatic overtures of Edward III in 1324; privateering nonetheless recurred in every war between them for the next 500 years.
295:
first issued what later became known as privateering commissions in 1243. These early licences were granted to specific individuals to seize the King's enemies at sea in return for splitting the proceeds between the privateers and
1490:
Theodore
Richard, Reconsidering the Letter of Marque: Utilizing Private Security Providers Against Piracy (April 1, 2010). Public Contract Law Journal, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 411-464 at 429 n.121, Spring 2010. Available at
173:
In addition to referring to the license, the terms "letter of marque" and "privateer" were sometimes used to describe the vessels used to pursue and capture prizes. In this context, a letter of marque was a lumbering,
571:
In
Britain in the 18th century, the High Court of Admiralty issued Letters of Marque. It was customary for the proposed privateer to pay a deposit or bond, possibly ÂŁ1,500 (equivalent to ÂŁ284,456 in 2023) as
619:
The letter of marque by its terms required privateers to bring captured vessels and their cargoes before admiralty courts of their own or allied countries for condemnation. Applying the rules and customs of
312:
involved avenging a wrong, was associated with the letter of marque until 1620 in
England. To apply for such a letter, a shipowner had to submit to the Admiralty Court an estimate of actual losses incurred.
639:, for instance, the new Privy Council of England did not recognize the letters of marque issued by James while in exile in France, and prosecuted captured sailors operating under them as pirates.
580:
A letter of marque and reprisal in effect converted a private merchant vessel into a naval auxiliary. A commissioned privateer enjoyed the protection and was subject to the obligations of the
269:, armed private vessels enjoying their sovereign's tacit consent, if not always an explicit formal commission, regularly raided shipping of other nations, as in the case of the English
542:, and force (armaments) of the vessel, the name and residence of the owner, and the intended number of crew, and tendered a bond promising strict observance of the country's laws and
677:
had attempted to persuade the French to lead by example and stop issuing letters of marque to their corsairs, but the effort foundered when war loomed with
Britain once again. The
632:
formal condemnation was required to transfer title; otherwise the vessel's previous owners might well reclaim her on her next voyage, and seek damages for the confiscated cargo.
624:, the courts decided whether the letter of marque was valid and current, and whether the captured vessel or its cargo in fact belonged to the enemy (not always easy, when flying
611:
in New Orleans cruised under letters of marque secured by bribery from corrupt officials of tenuous Central American governments, to cloak plunder with a thin veil of legality.
69:
607:
and his lieutenants in just over two years commanded six vessels under the flags of three different nations and on opposite sides in the same war. Likewise the notorious
696:
renouncing privateering, and 45 more eventually joined them, which in effect abolished privateering worldwide. The United States was not a signatory to that declaration.
445:, with some six or seven British prizes, with a crew replenishing her water casks ashore. The three British vessels immediately gave chase. The frigate fled towards the
170:; piracy was almost universally reviled. In practice, the differences between privateers and pirates were often at best subtle and at worst a matter of interpretation.
635:
Questions sometimes arose as to the legitimacy of the letter of marque, especially in the case of disputed sovereignty during civil wars or rebellions. Following the
556:
628:
was common practice), and if so the prize and its cargo were "condemned", to be sold at auction with the proceeds divided among the privateer's owner and crew. A
3011:
336:
Although privateering commissions and letters of marque were originally distinct legal concepts, such distinctions became purely technical by the 18th century.
522:, for instance, colonial governors issued such letters in the name of the Crown. During the American War of Independence, authorization shifted from individual
3001:
93:
604:
153:, to attack and capture vessels of a nation at war with the issuer. After capturing, the privateers could bring the case of that prize before their own
713:
246:
to a subject, authorizing him to make reprisals on the subjects of a hostile state for injuries alleged to have been done to him by the enemy's army."
921:
pp 170–171; 176. Discusses the history of letters of marque and reprisal. Upton is considered the foremost 19th-century American scholar on prize law.
4113:
3248:
34:
337:
3720:
3137:
49:
685:, in August 1795; on 26 September 1797, the Ministry of the Navy was authorized to sell small ships to private parties for this purpose.
3968:
1079:
pp. 62 (stating "the power to wage war privately resides in the individual, and the power to wage war publicly resides in the state").
66:
Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Knowledge?
3351:
1523:
3978:
1396:
p. 158 (noting that in 1803 Lord Stowall fined the British captors of two vessels for keeping the captive Spanish crews in irons).
3467:
1504:
560:(out of Salem, Massachusetts) to cruise against "Algerine vessels, public or private, goods and effects, of or belonging to the
463:, an action made legal by a letter of marque. Additionally, vessels with a letter of marque were exempt from having to sail in
3553:
1131:
p. 11(discussing history of letters of marque: in France the first recorded use of letters of marque and reprisal was 1681).
3879:
1919:
1040:
pp 216-182 (Carnegie endowment translation of Grotius's Commentaries; the 12th Chapter later became the basis of the noted
519:
514:, the result of confusion over whether Captain Kidd took prizes legally under a letter of marque, or illegally as a pirate.
4087:
2792:
2022:
1817:
603:" letters of marque, shopping for cooperative governments to license and legitimize their depredations. French/Irishman
348:
shall have Power To ... grant Letters of marque and reprisal ...", without separately addressing privateer commissions.
178:
cargo carrier that might pick up a prize if the opportunity arose in its normal course of duties. In contrast, the term
3021:
2822:
1277:
1936:
1682:
1632:
1478:
1441:
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as operating under a "privateer status", but Congress never authorized a commission, nor did the President sign one.
523:
729:
Article I of the United States Constitution lists issuing letters of marque and reprisal in Section 8 as one of the
646:, Union authorities likewise attempted to prosecute Confederate privateers for the criminal act of piracy. When the
3905:
3727:
3031:
2419:
2017:
1959:
774:
705:
363:
238:, the first recorded use of "letters of marque and reprisal" was in an English statute in 1354 during the reign of
4009:
1981:
1964:
1118:
p. 1 (recounting early letters of marque issued in contest between Spain and her revolted Low Countries in 1569).
412:
3436:
3263:
3258:
3231:
3091:
2409:
782:
535:
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of the port. Afterwards, while sailing to China, the same three East Indiamen participated in an action in the
384:
2797:
853:
3806:
3444:
3278:
3273:
3150:
3142:
3111:
2802:
2504:
356:
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signed letters of marque. A shipowner applied for such a letter of marque by stating the name, description,
3692:
3573:
2767:
1943:
1906:
1707:
1002:
2nd ed. (Clarendon Press, 1989) (def. 1 of "marque" & def. 2a of "marque" defining "letter of marque").
718:
518:
The procedure for issuing letters of marque, and the issuing authority varied by time and circumstance. In
430:
329:
900,000 (equivalent to ÂŁ145,029,851 in 2023). Privateers from Guernsey continued to operate during the
3166:
3335:
2981:
2574:
960:
p. 4: Noting cumberous square-rigged cargo carriers that often secured letters of marque "just in case",
658:
could — and did — revoke the letter of marque, refuse to award prize money, forfeit bonds, or even award
408:
sailed the seas as privateers; their expedition reports helped shape the age of Elizabethan exploration.
378:
1422:
p. 34-35(discussing Franklin's efforts to persuade the French Legislative Assembly to ban privateering).
4103:
4019:
3408:
3222:
2976:
2082:
1976:
1717:
565:
341:
318:
3748:
3480:
3457:
3158:
3056:
2971:
2966:
2364:
1699:
693:
234:
98:
60:
2324:
4098:
4004:
3452:
3360:
3341:
3291:
3205:
2787:
1929:
3311:
1193:
978:
564:". (This particular commission was never put to use, as it was issued July 3, 1815, the same day
4123:
4029:
4014:
3911:
3368:
3301:
3051:
3026:
2986:
2883:
2589:
1914:
1409:
at 13-33 (discussing repeated diplomatic efforts to ban privateering between France and England).
863:
259:
2434:
2179:
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3734:
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3268:
3096:
3041:
2996:
2991:
2961:
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1538:
778:
419:
345:
4118:
4108:
3884:
3874:
3769:
3508:
3174:
3086:
3071:
2812:
2564:
2524:
2494:
2439:
2429:
2239:
2199:
2012:
1832:
1802:
1777:
1675:
1576:
Tidewater Triumph: The Development and Worldwide Success of the Chesapeake Bay Pilot Schooner
808:
682:
647:
589:
239:
1218:
858:
219:
3762:
3421:
3213:
3182:
3129:
3036:
2956:
2855:
2339:
2169:
2164:
2002:
1849:
1760:
1755:
1712:
1297:
750:
527:
503:
292:
85:
39:
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221, 270–71 (Faculty of Political Sci. of Columbia Univ. eds., Columbia University, 1897).
8:
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3578:
3426:
3200:
3101:
2911:
2184:
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1971:
1770:
1519:
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More of Peter Girard's Guernsey: A Second Miscellany of Guernsey's History and Its People
828:
818:
813:
636:
600:
460:
424:
400:, because privateers were used to explore the seas. Under the Crown, Sir Francis Drake,
305:
207:
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2077:
2047:
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3940:
3685:
3593:
3548:
3538:
3431:
3395:
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3316:
3253:
3187:
3066:
3016:
3006:
2534:
2519:
2384:
2369:
2289:
2229:
2194:
1522:
on the homepage of United States House of Representatives, accessed at April 29, 2007.
1223:
643:
614:
547:
438:
370:
2604:
1501:
968:, pp ?: Discusses the difference between letter of marque vessels and privateers.
734:
1815, although the status of submarine-hunting Goodyear airships in the early days of
3918:
3853:
3713:
3653:
3648:
3543:
3498:
3403:
3296:
3283:
3240:
3081:
2904:
2729:
2724:
2704:
2544:
2484:
2399:
2334:
2154:
1628:
1474:
1437:
1273:
1181:
868:
790:
763:
730:
678:
674:
481:
289:), was an advocate's brief defending Dutch raids on Spanish and Portuguese shipping.
4034:
3833:
3755:
3741:
3628:
3608:
3503:
3346:
3306:
3124:
3106:
3061:
2918:
2890:
2848:
2694:
2679:
2644:
2629:
2609:
2594:
2529:
2499:
2459:
2344:
2309:
2294:
1879:
1787:
1668:
1053:
Francis R. Stark, "The Abolition of Privateering and the Declaration of Paris," in
803:
762:
15, 2009, Paul also advocated the use of letters of marque to address the issue of
475:
405:
397:
183:
4070:
4024:
3988:
3963:
3786:
3706:
3699:
3618:
3613:
3583:
3568:
3533:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3364:
2869:
2709:
2664:
2659:
2639:
2514:
2489:
2464:
2144:
2139:
2092:
2062:
1889:
1807:
1765:
1750:
1571:, Vol. II, Aaron Seehan Dean (ed.), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
1527:
1508:
585:
442:
330:
309:
154:
150:
134:
30:
2404:
1296:
pp. 3-6, 68, 145 (noting difference between privateering and piracy; some, like
3603:
3192:
2817:
2699:
2624:
2599:
2559:
2274:
2234:
2189:
2134:
2129:
1812:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1313:
p. 68 (discussing Luke Ryan--in these two years they took 140 recorded prizes).
888:
878:
561:
450:
401:
326:
325:
carrying letter of marque captured French and American vessels to the value of
3598:
277:(despite protestations of innocence) took a share of the prizes. Dutch jurist
186:
vessel, well armed and carrying more crew, intended exclusively for fighting.
4092:
4059:
3843:
3563:
3558:
3518:
2827:
2782:
2762:
2734:
2619:
2569:
2549:
2469:
2314:
2269:
2224:
2119:
2042:
2007:
1859:
893:
724:
709:
551:
374:
270:
114:
56:
42:. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is
1611:
The Prize Game: Lawful Looting on the High Seas in the Days of Fighting Sail
964:
such vessels were themselves called 'letters of marque'." Geoffrey Footner,
4086:
This page will be placed in the following categories if it is moved to the
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2124:
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1924:
1839:
1792:
1640:
Predators and Prizes: American Privateering and Imperial Warfare, 1739-1748
883:
873:
848:
767:
757:
on July 21, 2007. The attacks were defined as acts of "air piracy" and the
735:
608:
599:
For this reason, enterprising maritime raiders commonly took advantage of "
531:
487:
464:
446:
278:
2584:
498:
3838:
3813:
3801:
3663:
2649:
2579:
2374:
2354:
2304:
2219:
2209:
1986:
1339:
p. 188 (saying prize court condemnation essential to convey clear title).
1182:"The Constitution of the United States", Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11.
898:
823:
689:
629:
621:
468:
390:
352:
274:
266:
162:
142:
1077:
De Iure Praedae Commentarius (Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty),
493:
3935:
3869:
3633:
3493:
3413:
3356:
3076:
2757:
2719:
2684:
2479:
2299:
2279:
2249:
2244:
2204:
2149:
2087:
2067:
2052:
1864:
1822:
1583:
De Iure Praedae Commentarius (Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty)
1038:
De Iure Praedae Commentarius (Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty)
843:
786:
625:
581:
175:
102:
1555:
The Pirates Laffite: the Treacherous World of the Corsairs of the Gulf
1194:"The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Privateers | Alexander T. Tabarrok"
979:"The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Privateers | Alexander T. Tabarrok"
749:
The issue of marque and reprisal was raised before Congress after the
467:, and nominally their crew members were exempt, during a voyage, from
351:
During the American War of Independence, the Napoleonic Wars, and the
3818:
2897:
2509:
2414:
2284:
2254:
1827:
1782:
1502:
TST: Statement on the Congressional Authorization of the Use of Force
838:
662:(personal injury) damages against the privateer's officers and crew.
507:
297:
243:
206:, which means boundary, or boundary marker. This is derived from the
179:
146:
1654:
The Confederacy on Trial: The Piracy and Sequestration Cases of 1861
615:
Adjudicating captures, invalid letters of marque, or illegal cruelty
109:
3796:
3643:
3623:
3488:
2474:
2424:
2329:
2214:
1797:
1489:
833:
754:
434:
322:
1144:
p. 176 (discussing the history of letters of marque and reprisal).
738:
created significant confusion. Various accounts refer to airships
254:
2932:
2539:
1874:
1854:
770:. However, the bills Paul introduced were not enacted into law.
593:
539:
258:
Drake viewing treasure taken from a Spanish ship, print courtesy
1564:(Boston: Privately printed by State Street Trust Company, 1927).
3930:
3828:
2807:
2689:
2174:
1869:
1844:
1691:
584:. If captured, the crew was entitled to honorable treatment as
573:
543:
511:
167:
2948:
396:
Letters of marque and privateers are largely credited for the
3658:
2674:
2614:
2057:
1884:
1649:(New York: John Voorhies Law Bookseller and Publisher, 1863).
1436:. illustrations by Alain Coz. Marines Ă©ditions. p. 341.
1352:, "Chapter Three: Dominion of the Seas: Pirates and the Law."
1254:
p. 45 (reproducing a letter of marque granted in 1815 to the
118:
1473:, Bloomington IL, Airship International Press, 2002, p. 43,
2259:
1620:(Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1928).
785:
to issue letters of marque and reprisal" in order to seize
659:
588:, while without the licence they were deemed mere pirates "
1027:
p. 10 (discussing history of private plundering ventures).
725:
21st-century American reconsideration of letters of marque
1660:
1170:
British Privateering Enterprise in the Eighteenth Century
681:
did forbid the practice, but it was reinstated after the
486:, British privateers, spent some months off the coast of
193:
688:
Finally, after the Congress of Paris at the end of the
1520:
Paul offers President New Tool in the War on Terrorism
568:
was signed, ending the U.S. involvement in the war.)
494:
Applying for, and legal effect of, a letter of marque
393:of only six guns, also carried a letter of marque.
97:Copy of a letter of marque and reprisal issued by
1092:p. 1 (citing Edward I 1295 reprisal commission).
242:. The phrase referred to "a licene granted by a
229:, also Provençal, meaning to seize as a pledge.
1592:(Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing, 2005)
1569:The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
1156:The Reclamation of the Braye du Valle 1806-2006
704:In December 1941 and the first months of 1942,
1642:(Columbia, SC: U. South Carolina Press, 1991).
1613:(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1999).
1676:
1656:(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005).
308:. The notion of reprisal, and behind it that
145:that authorized a private person, known as a
3721:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
1578:(Mystic, Conn: Mystic Seaport Museum, 1998).
1460:p. 143 (discussing the end of privateering.)
1105:p. 12(discussing early practice in England).
1055:Studies in History, Economics and Public Law
665:
38:. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's
281:'s 1604 seminal work on international law,
182:generally referred to a fast and weatherly
1683:
1669:
1014:, New York Public Library (Drake/treasure)
214:, meaning boundary, or border. The French
81:Governmental authorization of privateering
3352:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
125:, a 15-tonne privateer, 27 February 1809
117:via the shipowner Dominique Malfino from
4114:Naval warfare of the Early Modern period
3979:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
1300:, crossed back and forth over the line).
1217:
530:, and lastly, after ratification of the
497:
253:
108:
92:
1431:
373:arranged for letters of marque for its
1604:British Pirates and Society, 1680-1730
1562:Some Famous Privateers of New England,
1434:Histoire des Marins français 1789-1815
1267:
526:, followed by both the states and the
161:Popular among Europeans from the late
105:for South America, 1 June 1618, page 1
3138:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
1664:
1539:H.R.6869 — 117th Congress (2021-2022)
1147:
194:Etymology and history of nomenclature
3880:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
1567:Lorien Foote, "Prisoners of War" in
692:, seven European nations signed the
198:Marque derives from the Old English
15:
1595:Angus Komstan, Roger Michael Kean,
1241:, Vol. 1, â„–9 (September), pp.255-6.
534:, only Congress authorized and the
13:
2947:
1647:Upton's Maritime Warfare and Prize
1469:Shock, James R.; Smith, David R.,
1361:Foote, "Prisoners of War," p. 295.
141:) was a government license in the
139:lettre de marque; lettre de course
113:Letter of marque given to Captain
14:
4136:
3770:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
1153:
1044:(Freedom of the Seas) principle).
637:deposition of James II of England
344:, for instance, states that "The
4066:
4065:
4053:
3906:A General History of the Pyrates
3728:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
3249:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
1616:William Morrison Robinson, Jr.,
1585:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950).
1557:(Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt, 2005).
1227:. August 15, 1801. p. 1006.
1116:Famous Privateers of New England
1090:Famous Privateers of New England
775:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
474:During the Napoleonic Wars, the
411:In July 1793, the East Indiamen
321:, ships from the tiny island of
273:'s attacks on Spanish shipping.
249:
48:Create or edit your own sandbox
19:
1532:
1513:
1495:
1483:
1463:
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1060:
1047:
759:Marque and Reprisal Act of 2001
699:
592:," criminals who were properly
490:hunting slave-trading vessels.
429:participated in the capture of
3264:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
3259:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
3012:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
1597:Pirates: Predators of the Seas
1030:
1017:
1005:
996:
971:
950:
945:Pirates: Predators of the Seas
937:
924:
911:
455:captured the French privateer
398:age of Elizabethan exploration
369:was an armed merchantman. The
202:, which is from the Germanic *
101:to Captain Johan de Moor from
1:
3120:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
1627:(London: Robert Hale, 2001).
1546:
287:Of The Law of Prize and Booty
131:letter of marque and reprisal
71:Submit your draft for review!
3693:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
2943:Pirate battles and incidents
1606:(New York: Routledge, 2016).
1599:(Skyhorse Publishing, 2007).
7:
3092:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
2575:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
1623:Lord Russell of Liverpool,
1350:British Pirates and Society
796:
781:considered a bill to " the
44:not an encyclopedia article
10:
4141:
3969:Pirate films and TV series
3409:African Slave Trade Patrol
2977:Action of 11 November 2008
1766:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
1690:
1618:The Confederate Privateers
1337:Maritime Warfare and Prize
1142:Maritime Warfare and Prize
919:Maritime Warfare and Prize
719:Moffett Field in Sunnyvale
441:. They came upon a French
342:United States Constitution
319:American Revolutionary War
83:
4047:
3997:
3956:
3949:
3897:
3862:
3779:
3677:
3479:
3466:
3458:Trans-Saharan slave trade
3394:
3325:
3057:Battle off Minicoy Island
3032:Battle of Cape Fear River
3002:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
2972:Action of 28 October 2007
2967:Action of 9 November 1822
2942:
2840:
2748:
2112:
2105:
2031:
1995:
1952:
1905:
1898:
1743:
1698:
1372:The Confederacy on Trial.
1198:The Independent Institute
983:The Independent Institute
753:and again by Congressman
694:Paris Declaration of 1856
666:Abolition of privateering
590:at war with all the world
293:King Henry III of England
235:Oxford English Dictionary
99:Maurice, Prince of Orange
3453:Indian Ocean slave trade
3342:International piracy law
3279:Pirate attacks in Borneo
3151:Capture of the schooner
3143:Capture of the schooner
3077:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
2803:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
1432:Granier, Hubert (1998).
1012:from the Digital Gallery
905:
520:colonial British America
389:, an East India Company
3912:Captain Charles Johnson
3336:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
3047:Battle of Mandab Strait
3027:Battle of Boca Teacapan
3022:Balanguingui Expedition
2987:Action of 23 March 2010
864:Ambroise Louis Garneray
260:New York Public Library
3269:Operation Ocean Shield
3097:Battle of Tonkin River
3042:Battle of Doro Passage
2997:Action of 5 April 2010
2992:Action of 1 April 2010
2982:Action of 9 April 2009
2962:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
2952:
2788:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
2773:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
1920:British Virgin Islands
1268:Girard, Peter (1990).
1252:Some Famous Privateers
779:United States Congress
515:
262:
138:
126:
106:
3885:Pirates versus Ninjas
3312:Slave raid of SuĂ°uroy
3274:Persian Gulf Campaign
3159:Capture of the sloop
3087:Battle of the Leotung
3072:Battle of New Orleans
2951:
2813:Richard Avery Hornsby
2565:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
2525:Moses Cohen Henriques
2495:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
2240:Christina Anna Skytte
1778:Brethren of the Coast
1761:Baltic Slavic pirates
1708:Ancient Mediterranean
1471:The Goodyear Airships
809:Confederate privateer
683:Thermidorian Reaction
648:Confederate privateer
501:
362:was a privateer; the
257:
158:outside its borders.
112:
96:
3807:skull and crossbones
3763:Mistress of the Seas
3445:Capture of the brig
3422:Atlantic slave trade
3183:Falklands Expedition
3037:Battle of Cape Lopez
2957:1582 Cagayan battles
2884:Queen Anne's Revenge
2435:José Joaquim Almeida
2420:John Newland Maffitt
2340:Hayreddin Barbarossa
2180:Bartolomeu PortuguĂŞs
2170:Artemisia I of Caria
2165:Alexandre Exquemelin
2003:Baltic Slavic piracy
1756:Anglo-Turkish piracy
1602:Margarette Lincoln,
1526:May 2, 2007, at the
1298:Captain William Kidd
751:September 11 attacks
554:authorized the brig
528:Continental Congress
504:Captain William Kidd
406:Sir Martin Frobisher
86:The Letter of Marque
3824:No purchase, no pay
3792:Davy Jones's locker
3735:The Angel's Command
3579:Guybrush Threepwood
3427:Barbary slave trade
3404:African slave trade
3201:Jiajing wokou raids
3102:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
2325:François l'Olonnais
2185:Bartholomew Roberts
2073:Republic of Pirates
1625:The French Corsairs
1420:French Privateering
1324:The Pirates Laffite
1129:The French Corsairs
1103:The French Corsairs
1025:The French Corsairs
829:Punitive expedition
819:No purchase, no pay
814:Hired armed vessels
601:flag of convenience
461:Jean-Marie Dutertre
377:ships, such as the
365:Sir John Sherbrooke
358:Sir John Sherbrooke
208:Proto-Indo-European
184:fore-and-aft rigged
84:For the novel, see
3984:Timeline of piracy
3941:Piracy kidnappings
3594:Jacquotte Delahaye
3549:Charlotte de Berry
3539:Captain Sabertooth
3432:Blockade of Africa
3387:Piracy Law of 1820
3317:Turkish Abductions
3254:Operation Atalanta
3188:Great Lakes Patrol
3067:Battle of Nam Quan
3017:Attack on Veracruz
2953:
2535:Nicholas van Hoorn
2520:Michel de Grammont
2385:Jacquotte Delahaye
2370:Hippolyte Bouchard
2290:Elise Eskilsdotter
2230:Charlotte de Berry
2195:Benjamin Hornigold
1574:Geoffrey Footner,
1560:Ralph M. Eastman,
1553:William C. Davis,
1507:2007-09-30 at the
1272:. Guernsey Press.
1224:The London Gazette
1168:David J. Starkey,
859:René Duguay-Trouin
644:American Civil War
550:(1815), President
548:Second Barbary War
524:state legislatures
516:
439:Straits of Malacca
402:Sir Walter Raleigh
386:Earl of Mornington
371:East India Company
263:
220:Provençal language
127:
107:
4104:Letters (message)
4088:article namespace
4079:
4078:
4060:Piracy portal
4043:
4042:
4020:Fictional pirates
3919:Truce of Ratisbon
3893:
3892:
3854:Walking the plank
3714:On Stranger Tides
3654:Tony Tony Chopper
3544:Captain Stingaree
3481:Fictional pirates
3297:Sack of Baltimore
3292:Raid on Cartagena
3234:Moscow University
3113:Beluga Nomination
3082:Battle of Pianosa
3007:Antelope incident
2898:Marquis of Havana
2836:
2835:
2545:Olivier Levasseur
2485:Louis-Michel Aury
2450:Klaus Störtebeker
2400:Jeanne de Clisson
2320:François Le Clerc
2155:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
2101:
2100:
2018:South China Coast
1982:Strait of Malacca
1638:Carl E. Swanson,
1590:Skull and Saltire
1237:"Answers" (1911)
966:Tidewater Triumph
869:Alexander Godfrey
791:Russian oligarchs
766:operating in the
731:enumerated powers
717:operating out of
679:French Convention
675:Benjamin Franklin
605:Captain Luke Ryan
433:by maintaining a
275:Queen Elizabeth I
271:Sir Francis Drake
232:According to the
79:
78:
55:Other sandboxes:
53:
4132:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4056:
3954:
3953:
3756:Pirate Latitudes
3749:Long John Silver
3742:Voyage of Slaves
3609:Long John Silver
3504:Captain Birdseye
3477:
3476:
3347:Letter of marque
3307:Salvador Pirates
3302:Sack of Campeche
3125:Chepo Expedition
3107:Battle of Tysami
3062:Battle off Mukah
3052:Battle of Manila
2891:Quedagh Merchant
2849:Adventure Galley
2695:Victual Brothers
2680:Thomas Cavendish
2645:Sayyida al Hurra
2630:Samuel Hall Lord
2610:Roche Braziliano
2595:Robert Culliford
2530:Nathaniel Gordon
2500:Martin Frobisher
2460:Laurens de Graaf
2430:Jørgen Jørgensen
2365:Henry Strangways
2345:Hendrick Lucifer
2295:Eustace the Monk
2160:AntĂłnio de Faria
2110:
2109:
2078:Republic of Salé
2048:ĂŽle Sainte-Marie
1903:
1902:
1880:Victual Brothers
1788:Cilician pirates
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932:Skull and Satire
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804:Commerce raiding
609:Lafitte brothers
586:prisoners of war
457:General Malartic
225:, which is from
75:
74:
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61:Template sandbox
47:
23:
22:
16:
4140:
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4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4099:Legal documents
4091:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4054:
4052:
4039:
4005:Barbary pirates
3993:
3989:Women in piracy
3945:
3889:
3858:
3787:Buried treasure
3775:
3707:Facing the Flag
3700:Treasure Island
3673:
3619:Vaas Montenegro
3614:Monkey D. Luffy
3584:Hector Barbossa
3569:Elizabeth Swann
3534:Captain Pugwash
3471:
3469:
3462:
3439:Veloz Passagera
3437:Capture of the
3390:
3321:
3130:Capture of the
2938:
2870:Flying Dutchman
2832:
2798:Miguel EnrĂquez
2750:
2744:
2710:William Dampier
2665:Simon Mascarino
2660:Shirahama Kenki
2640:Samuel Pallache
2605:Roberto CofresĂ
2515:Mary Wolverston
2490:Mansel Alcantra
2465:Lawrence Prince
2145:Albert W. Hicks
2097:
2035:
2027:
1991:
1948:
1894:
1890:Women in piracy
1855:Sindhi corsairs
1808:French corsairs
1798:Cossack pirates
1751:Albanian piracy
1744:Types of pirate
1739:
1694:
1689:
1659:
1652:Mark A. Weitz,
1645:Francis Upton,
1609:Donald Petrie,
1549:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1528:Wayback Machine
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1509:Wayback Machine
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1407:French Corsairs
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956:Donald Petrie,
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854:Miguel EnrĂquez
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496:
414:Royal Charlotte
331:Napoleonic Wars
283:De Iure Praedae
252:
240:King Edward III
196:
155:admiralty court
121:, owner of the
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4124:Captured ships
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4038:
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4030:Piracy by year
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4017:
4015:Female pirates
4012:
4010:By nationality
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2600:Robert Surcouf
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2590:Richard Glover
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2560:Pierre Lafitte
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1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1588:Jim Hewitson,
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1512:
1494:
1482:
1462:
1458:The Prize Game
1449:
1442:
1424:
1418:Lord Russell,
1411:
1405:Lord Russell,
1398:
1394:The Prize Game
1385:
1375:
1363:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1311:The Prize Game
1302:
1294:The Prize Game
1285:
1279:978-0902550421
1278:
1260:
1243:
1230:
1210:
1185:
1174:
1172:20, 81 (1990).
1161:
1146:
1133:
1127:Lord Russell,
1120:
1107:
1101:Lord Russell,
1094:
1081:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1029:
1023:Lord Russell,
1016:
1004:
995:
970:
958:The Prize Game
949:
936:
923:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:
896:
891:
889:Robert Surcouf
886:
881:
879:Pierre Lafitte
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
800:
798:
795:
764:Somali pirates
726:
723:
701:
698:
667:
664:
616:
613:
562:Dey of Algiers
495:
492:
251:
248:
195:
192:
80:
77:
76:
45:
26:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4137:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4072:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:Miscellaneous
3896:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:Miscellaneous
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Pirate utopia
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Elaine Marley
3562:
3560:
3559:Edward Kenway
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Captain Flint
3517:
3515:
3514:Captain Crook
3512:
3510:
3509:Captain Blood
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3332:Acts of grace
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3225:Orkim Harmony
3221:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3168:Carré d'As IV
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3132:Ambrose Light
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:Royal Fortune
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:Ambrose Light
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2828:Woodes Rogers
2826:
2824:
2823:Thomas Warren
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Julius Caesar
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Chaloner Ogle
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Zheng Zhilong
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Sadie Farrell
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:Princess Sela
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Pedro Gilbert
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Liang Daoming
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Francis Drake
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Dominique You
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Charles Gibbs
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Abduwali Muse
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:Major figures
2104:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Barataria Bay
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:Pirate havens
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Barbary Coast
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Timber pirate
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1633:0-7091-1693-4
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1479:0-9711637-0-7
1476:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1443:2-909675-41-6
1439:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1008:
999:
984:
980:
974:
967:
959:
953:
946:
940:
933:
927:
920:
914:
910:
900:
897:
895:
894:Joseph Potier
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
732:
722:
720:
716:
715:
711:
710:L-class blimp
707:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
663:
661:
655:
652:
649:
645:
640:
638:
633:
631:
630:prize court's
627:
623:
612:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
575:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
552:James Madison
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
513:
509:
506:hanging in a
505:
500:
491:
489:
485:
484:
479:
478:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:
416:
415:
409:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
387:
382:
381:
376:
375:East Indiamen
372:
368:
366:
361:
359:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
311:
307:
306:King Edward I
301:
299:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
261:
256:
250:Early history
247:
245:
241:
237:
236:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
176:square-rigged
171:
169:
164:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
120:
116:
115:Antoine Bollo
111:
104:
100:
95:
91:
87:
73:
63:
62:
58:
51:
43:
41:
37:
36:
32:
25:
18:
17:
4119:Privateering
4109:Military law
4081:
4051:
3924:Pirate Round
3904:
3875:Space pirate
3849:Treasure map
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3639:Roronoa Zoro
3589:Jack Sparrow
3529:Captain Nemo
3524:Captain Hook
3446:
3438:
3414:
3284:
3241:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3193:
3176:Dai Hong Dan
3175:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3131:
3112:
2931:
2926:Whydah Gally
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2877:Ganj-i-Sawai
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2841:Pirate ships
2793:Luis Fajardo
2778:James Brooke
2768:David Porter
2740:Zheng Yi Sao
2715:William Kidd
2670:Stede Bonnet
2655:Shap-ng-tsai
2635:Samuel Mason
2555:Peter Easton
2505:Mary Lindsey
2455:Lai Choi San
2445:Joseph Barss
2440:Joseph Baker
2410:John Hawkins
2405:Johanna HĂĄrd
2395:Jean Lafitte
2390:Jan Janszoon
2380:Israel Hands
2360:Henry Morgan
2350:Henri Caesar
2265:Dirk Chivers
2200:Black Caesar
2125:Abshir Boyah
1996:Other waters
1977:Persian Gulf
1965:Somali Coast
1953:Indian Ocean
1925:Spanish Main
1840:River pirate
1818:Moro pirates
1793:Child pirate
1718:21st century
1653:
1646:
1639:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1515:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1293:
1288:
1269:
1263:
1255:
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1201:. Retrieved
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1154:Henry, R.A.
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1041:
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986:. Retrieved
982:
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965:
962:"onfusingly,
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939:
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884:Henry Morgan
874:Jean Lafitte
849:Enos Collins
772:
768:Gulf of Aden
758:
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736:World War II
728:
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700:20th century
687:
673:
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579:
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532:Constitution
517:
502:The body of
488:Sierra Leone
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447:Sunda Strait
425:
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367:(Saint John)
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279:Hugo Grotius
264:
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218:is from the
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199:
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188:
172:
160:
130:
128:
122:
90:
57:Main sandbox
54:
28:
3839:Pirate code
3814:Keelhauling
3802:Jolly Roger
3664:Will Turner
3599:José Gaspar
3499:Barbe Rouge
3396:Slave trade
2650:Sister Ping
2580:Rachel Wall
2375:Huang Bamei
2355:Henry Every
2310:FĹ«ma KotarĹŤ
2305:Flying Gang
2220:Calico Jack
2210:Bully Hayes
2013:Falcon Lake
1987:Nosy Boraha
1845:Sea Beggars
1833:Confederate
1803:Filibusters
1383:prisoners."
1219:"No. 15397"
934:, p. 19–20.
899:Amaro Pargo
824:Prize (law)
773:During the
708:commercial
690:Crimean War
642:During the
626:false flags
582:laws of war
469:impressment
391:packet ship
380:Lord Nelson
353:War of 1812
267:Middle Ages
265:During the
163:Middle Ages
143:Age of Sail
4093:Categories
3998:Categories
3974:Privateers
3936:Matelotage
3870:Air pirate
3834:Pet parrot
3686:The Pirate
3634:Nico Robin
3554:Davy Jones
3494:Tom Ayrton
3468:Pirates in
3357:Piracy Act
3326:Piracy law
3242:North Star
2905:My Revenge
2758:Angelo Emo
2720:Zheng Jing
2685:Thomas Tew
2480:Lo Hon-cho
2300:Flora Burn
2280:Edward Low
2250:Dan Seavey
2245:Chui A-poo
2205:Blackbeard
2150:Anne Bonny
2088:Saint-Malo
2068:Port Royal
2053:Libertatia
1865:Ushkuyniks
1828:Privateers
1823:Narentines
1783:Buccaneers
1713:Golden Age
1547:References
1326:p. ?.
1256:Grand Turk
930:Hewitson,
844:Blackbeard
566:the treaty
557:Grand Turk
431:Pondichéry
103:Vlissingen
3819:Marooning
3447:Brillante
3236:hijacking
3227:hijacking
3218:hijacking
3209:hijacking
2510:Mary Read
2415:John Hoar
2285:Eli Boggs
2255:Diabolito
2036:and bases
1972:Indonesia
1937:Venezuela
1915:Caribbean
1581:Grotius,
1348:Lincoln,
1250:Eastman,
1203:March 24,
1114:Eastman,
1088:Eastman,
1075:Grotius,
1036:Grotius,
988:March 24,
943:Konstam,
839:Jean Bart
789:owned by
783:President
744:Volunteer
622:prize law
536:President
510:over the
360:(Halifax)
338:Article I
298:The Crown
244:sovereign
180:privateer
147:privateer
40:user page
29:the user
4071:Category
3797:Eyepatch
3669:Zanzibar
3644:Sandokan
3624:Mr. Smee
3489:Askeladd
3417:Incident
3287:incident
3196:incident
3178:incident
3170:incident
3115:incident
2730:Zheng Yi
2725:Zheng Qi
2705:Wang Zhi
2585:Redbeard
2475:Limahong
2425:John Pro
2330:Gan Ning
2215:Cai Qian
2023:Sulu Sea
1850:Sea Dogs
1524:Archived
1505:Archived
1491:ssrn.com
1456:Petrie,
1392:Petrie,
1309:Petrie,
1140:Upton's
947:, p. 10.
917:Upton's
834:Reprisal
797:See also
755:Ron Paul
740:Resolute
714:Resolute
706:Goodyear
651:Savannah
544:treaties
459:, under
435:blockade
346:Congress
323:Guernsey
310:just war
35:MOS 1601
27:This is
4035:Pirates
3964:Pirates
3472:culture
3470:popular
3415:Amistad
3216:Zafirah
2919:Saladin
2751:hunters
2540:Ng Akew
2140:Alfhild
2113:Pirates
2093:Tortuga
1875:Vikings
1771:Algiers
1700:Periods
1370:Weitz,
1335:Upton,
540:tonnage
452:Phoenix
443:frigate
340:of the
151:corsair
59:|
31:sandbox
4025:Piracy
3931:Mutiny
3829:Pegleg
3780:Tropes
3678:Novels
3574:Franky
3244:affair
2808:Pompey
2749:Pirate
2690:Veborg
2175:Awilda
2063:Mamora
1870:Uskoks
1692:Piracy
1631:
1477:
1440:
1276:
787:yachts
777:, the
654:war.
594:hanged
574:surety
512:Thames
508:gibbet
465:convoy
426:Warley
423:, and
420:Triton
404:, and
227:marcar
216:marque
212:*merǵ-
168:piracy
135:French
3957:Lists
3659:Usopp
3649:Sanji
3285:Quest
3194:Irene
3153:Fancy
3145:Bravo
2863:Fancy
2675:Teuta
2615:Rusla
2058:Lundy
1899:Areas
1885:Wokou
906:Notes
483:Kitty
223:marca
210:root
204:mark-
200:mearc
123:Furet
119:Genoa
3950:Meta
3629:Nami
3381:1850
3377:1837
3373:1721
3369:1717
3365:1698
3361:1536
3161:Anne
2933:York
2260:Dido
1733:2024
1728:2023
1723:2022
1629:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1205:2021
990:2021
742:and
660:tort
480:and
477:Dart
50:here
3232:MV
3223:MT
3214:MT
149:or
33:of
4095::
3379:,
3375:,
3371:,
3367:,
3363:,
1258:).
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