56:
5352:
5218:
4377:
4310:
4179:
3562:
3164:
37:
221:
20:
317:
the fore-and-aft began to replace it. By 1475, its use increased, and within a hundred years the fore-and-aft rig was in common use on rivers and in estuaries in
Britain, northern France, and the Low Countries, though the square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open
4157:
3858:
415:
3081:
258:. It is suggested that it evolved from a more primitive V-shaped "square" sail with two spars that come together at the hull. Crab claw sails spread from
4567:
4483:
496:
4361:
4710:
4572:
3885:
3833:
4577:
2638:
5120:
5100:
309:
The square rig had predominated in Europe since the dawn of sea travel, but in the generally gentle climate of southern Europe and the
3036:
5188:
4233:
278:
via the
Austronesian migrations. Austronesians in Southeast Asia also later developed other types of fore-and-aft sails, such as the
4366:
4776:
4270:
5110:
489:
4637:
4356:
425:
353:
5058:
1799:
5105:
5009:
4248:
457:
5375:
5115:
4505:
482:
433:
5140:
5047:
4007:
4867:
4218:
3843:
2985:
2631:
2906:
4857:
4264:
4243:
5158:
5201:
5183:
4831:
3863:
1679:
5125:
4722:
4341:
4280:
4110:
3920:
1695:
55:
5178:
4555:
4458:
3997:
3756:
5034:
4297:
4140:
4012:
3902:
2660:
2624:
5267:
5196:
4771:
4627:
4560:
3786:
3729:
2090:
1026:
4688:
5308:
5028:
4813:
4520:
4047:
4042:
3848:
3579:
3129:
2782:
2647:
1792:
1730:
1389:
4915:
5257:
5130:
4786:
4734:
4437:
4228:
4135:
4022:
3657:
3008:
2429:
2419:
2040:
259:
5173:
3597:
2173:
5295:
5163:
4808:
4617:
4612:
4542:
4432:
4275:
4147:
3880:
3310:
3261:
3204:
3149:
3003:
1959:
993:
329:
sail was more maneuverable and speedier, while the square rig was labor-intense but seaworthy.
1588:
5286:
5168:
4842:
4818:
4673:
4152:
4037:
3935:
3910:
3502:
3381:
3335:
3266:
3231:
1198:
1092:
3467:
2975:
1999:
5262:
5135:
5075:
4928:
4862:
4705:
4693:
4537:
4346:
4105:
4100:
4002:
3962:
3766:
3662:
3652:
3645:
3199:
2591:
2424:
2158:
1745:
251:
4292:
282:(also known as the canted square sail, canted rectangular sail, or the balance lug sail).
8:
5324:
5252:
5080:
5070:
5041:
4909:
4742:
4683:
4253:
4162:
4062:
4052:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3952:
3947:
3868:
3724:
3602:
3547:
3472:
2896:
2860:
2579:
2301:
2193:
1785:
1766:
1700:
1338:
1168:
5021:
4678:
4478:
4463:
4258:
4213:
4208:
4057:
3607:
3219:
2476:
2178:
1426:
1379:
823:
768:
397:
48:
4941:
4602:
4550:
4532:
4473:
4095:
4032:
4027:
3957:
3853:
3813:
3808:
3791:
3761:
3427:
3371:
3365:
3214:
3191:
3013:
2943:
2901:
2586:
2099:
1603:
1374:
1297:
453:
429:
421:
349:
348:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
310:
1885:
590:
474:
5247:
4982:
4698:
4442:
4351:
4072:
4067:
3875:
3818:
3801:
3771:
3702:
3477:
3256:
3134:
2881:
2757:
2549:
2512:
2414:
2374:
2357:
2352:
2334:
2065:
1394:
1343:
1267:
1252:
664:
534:
529:
267:
250:
The fore-and-aft rig is believed to have been first developed independently by the
229:
4934:
4803:
4663:
4017:
3977:
3915:
3018:
2953:
2807:
2524:
2507:
2471:
2396:
2286:
2252:
2237:
2135:
2115:
2070:
1674:
1654:
1649:
1537:
1467:
1107:
951:
893:
868:
793:
447:
25:
4715:
4969:
4903:
4658:
4417:
4285:
4090:
4085:
3796:
3749:
3667:
3612:
3340:
3246:
3209:
3056:
2918:
2752:
2564:
2454:
2311:
2296:
2271:
2263:
2207:
2188:
2085:
1989:
1964:
1812:
1720:
1618:
1598:
1447:
1046:
968:
911:
679:
669:
560:
255:
241:
225:
155:
144:
136:
30:
5369:
5317:
5002:
4962:
4948:
4607:
4422:
4197:
3744:
3739:
3712:
3640:
3537:
3071:
2993:
2742:
2722:
2685:
2439:
2230:
2105:
2035:
1916:
1623:
1608:
1547:
1527:
1416:
1237:
1227:
1173:
659:
345:
201:
171:
80:
4955:
3278:
5063:
4753:
4747:
4653:
4648:
4587:
4468:
3823:
3697:
3672:
3624:
3617:
3542:
3457:
3093:
3028:
2886:
2824:
2747:
2705:
2554:
2502:
2497:
2481:
2449:
2163:
2075:
1974:
1943:
1890:
1834:
1777:
1715:
1593:
1552:
1502:
1406:
1348:
1308:
1153:
1133:
880:
853:
626:
600:
286:
64:
4988:
207:
A rig which combines both on a foremast is known as a hermaphroditic rig.
36:
5302:
4885:
4824:
4643:
4597:
4582:
4510:
4238:
3717:
3522:
3417:
3224:
2960:
2891:
2797:
2715:
2700:
2143:
1994:
1850:
1735:
1710:
1628:
1522:
1477:
1472:
1421:
1353:
1313:
1257:
1041:
1031:
1016:
973:
963:
946:
931:
818:
798:
694:
639:
555:
524:
314:
290:
197:
108:
5340:
3397:
401:
385:
4837:
4668:
4527:
4515:
4427:
4336:
3925:
3677:
3345:
3320:
3299:
3241:
3103:
3076:
2792:
2672:
2596:
2404:
2369:
2291:
2217:
2110:
1900:
1875:
1860:
1855:
1613:
1562:
1431:
1358:
1328:
1178:
1117:
1112:
1056:
1021:
983:
858:
808:
649:
615:
610:
575:
539:
294:
279:
275:
263:
245:
233:
140:
132:
120:
92:
4592:
1482:
4847:
4760:
3776:
3734:
3707:
3517:
3462:
3446:
3304:
3144:
3098:
3023:
2998:
2965:
2819:
2762:
2737:
2559:
2466:
2409:
2347:
2306:
2242:
2183:
2148:
2125:
2095:
2009:
2004:
1921:
1669:
1664:
1497:
1411:
1401:
1333:
1193:
921:
778:
743:
709:
319:
271:
116:
60:
2616:
4995:
3497:
3492:
3360:
3315:
3236:
3124:
3119:
3088:
2845:
2802:
2767:
2732:
2680:
2544:
2539:
2434:
2384:
2379:
2362:
2281:
2225:
2168:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2014:
1969:
1926:
1880:
1870:
1542:
1532:
1318:
1303:
1288:
1283:
1232:
1148:
1066:
1051:
1001:
901:
848:
843:
838:
833:
684:
595:
580:
570:
187:
128:
112:
104:
44:
41:
3442:
718:
5280:
4727:
4223:
4115:
3512:
3482:
3437:
3422:
3407:
3402:
3355:
3325:
3048:
2855:
2850:
2787:
2727:
2690:
2569:
2529:
2461:
2444:
2342:
2325:
2276:
2247:
2153:
2120:
2080:
2019:
1816:
1557:
1507:
1487:
1384:
1293:
1262:
1242:
1188:
1183:
1158:
1143:
1097:
1087:
1011:
941:
828:
783:
773:
753:
738:
723:
654:
510:
506:
220:
163:
76:
59:
The earliest
European fore-and-aft rigs appeared in the form of
5331:
4976:
4797:
3781:
3687:
3532:
3487:
3432:
3392:
3376:
3350:
3294:
3139:
3066:
2970:
2938:
2928:
2876:
2777:
2710:
2574:
2534:
1984:
1895:
1750:
1725:
1583:
1517:
1512:
1323:
1247:
1138:
1102:
1061:
1006:
956:
936:
926:
788:
758:
728:
634:
605:
585:
326:
193:
124:
63:
in Greco-Roman navigation, as this carving of a 3rd century AD
3692:
3682:
3527:
3507:
3452:
3412:
3386:
3330:
2829:
2601:
2517:
1705:
1659:
1633:
1492:
1211:
1163:
1071:
1036:
978:
906:
863:
803:
733:
689:
674:
298:
177:
167:
84:
449:
Classic Ships of Islam: From
Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean
3289:
2948:
2933:
2913:
2814:
2695:
1808:
1740:
1567:
916:
813:
763:
748:
699:
644:
181:
159:
88:
2923:
1979:
19:
3180:
504:
289:since the first millennium, among vessels from the
254:some time around 1500 BC with the invention of the
5367:
370:. New York: D. Van Nostrand. pp. 507–532.
2632:
1793:
490:
1807:
417:The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation.
5174:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
5121:International Congress of Maritime Museums
5101:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
4393:
2639:
2625:
1800:
1786:
497:
483:
452:. BRILL. pp. 141, 160, 211–212, 382.
379:
377:
91:, rather than perpendicular to it as on a
5234:
5189:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
313:during the last few centuries before the
420:Cambridge University Press,2004, p. 58,
383:
219:
54:
35:
18:
5159:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
374:
322:as well as for trans-Atlantic sailing.
5368:
5111:European Association of Archaeologists
365:
16:Sailing rig consisting mainly of sails
5233:
4392:
4367:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
4325:
4195:
4194:
3577:
3179:
2658:
2646:
2620:
1781:
478:
445:
408:
439:
5106:Archaeological Institute of America
236:on tripod masts (c. 8th century AD)
204:and partially fore-and-aft rigged.
13:
386:"The Lateen Sail in World History"
103:Fore-and-aft rigged sails include
14:
5387:
5116:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
4506:Coastal defence and fortification
3881:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
3181:Navigation, and ports and harbors
470:
186:Rigs with two or more masts: the
87:set mainly along the line of the
5350:
5216:
5141:Society for American Archaeology
4375:
4308:
4177:
3560:
3162:
285:Their use later spread into the
4573:Phoenician discovery of America
1825:including limited use, outdated
4265:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
366:Knight, Austin Melvin (1910).
359:
339:
215:
98:
1:
5184:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
3859:Phoenician maritime expansion
332:
5126:Nautical Archaeology Society
1696:Bristol Channel pilot cutter
446:Agius, Dionisius A. (2008).
7:
5179:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
4556:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
4362:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
4219:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
3578:
2659:
150:Fore-and-aft rigs include:
10:
5392:
5035:Phoenician Ship Expedition
4326:
3876:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
3869:Circumnavigation of Africa
239:
210:
5348:
5240:
5229:
5214:
5149:
5091:
4894:
4878:
4626:
4561:Samothrace temple complex
4496:
4451:
4410:
4403:
4399:
4388:
4373:
4332:
4321:
4306:
4204:
4190:
4175:
4128:
4081:
3934:
3901:
3894:
3832:
3633:
3590:
3586:
3573:
3558:
3277:
3190:
3186:
3175:
3160:
3112:
3047:
2984:
2869:
2838:
2671:
2667:
2654:
2490:
2395:
2333:
2324:
2261:
2215:
2206:
2134:
2091:Spritsail (square-rigged)
2028:
1952:
1939:
1909:
1843:
1830:
1823:
1759:
1688:
1642:
1576:
1460:
1440:
1367:
1276:
1220:
1126:
1080:
992:
892:
877:
708:
624:
548:
517:
304:
232:vessel with fore-and-aft
176:Rigs with two masts: the
5376:Sailing rigs and rigging
3849:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
1390:Iron-hulled sailing ship
390:Journal of World History
5131:RPM Nautical Foundation
4868:Surviving ancient ships
4787:Marsala Punic shipwreck
1199:Square-rigged caravel (
384:Campbell, I.C. (1995).
260:Maritime Southeast Asia
5164:Giza Solar boat museum
4618:Underwater exploration
4613:Underwater archaeology
4578:Pre-Columbian theories
4433:John Sinclair Morrison
4394:Research and education
3844:Austronesian Expansion
1990:Mainsail (Bermuda rig)
1960:Asymmetrical spinnaker
237:
68:
52:
33:
5235:Legend and literature
5193:Viking ship museums:
5169:Grand Egyptian Museum
4929:Austronesian replicas
4904:Heyerdahl expeditions
4814:Caligula's Giant Ship
4674:Dover Bronze Age Boat
3336:Berenice Troglodytica
2061:Mainsail (square rig)
1731:Pinnace (ship's boat)
1093:Chinese treasure ship
223:
58:
39:
22:
5136:Sea Research Society
4538:Maritime archaeology
4347:Ameinias the Phocian
4342:Mediterranean piracy
1746:Thames sailing barge
1577:Recreational vessels
252:Austronesian peoples
4229:Maritime Jade Route
3382:Kaveri Poompattinam
1767:Nautical operations
1701:Floating restaurant
1589:Ljungström sailboat
1169:Full-rigged pinnace
4777:Bajo de la Campana
4479:Peter Throckmorton
4464:Jean-Yves Empereur
4438:William L. Rodgers
4259:Maritime Silk Road
884:and other vessels
878:Naval and merchant
356:, pp. 243–245
238:
226:ships in Borobudur
69:
53:
49:Effie M. Morrissey
34:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5225:
5224:
5212:
5211:
4832:Madrague de Giens
4551:Temple of Isthmia
4547:Maritime temples
4533:Marine navigation
4492:
4491:
4484:Shelley Wachsmann
4474:J. Richard Steffy
4384:
4383:
4317:
4316:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4172:
4124:
4123:
3854:Ocean exploration
3569:
3568:
3556:
3555:
3215:Rutter (nautical)
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3014:Mortise and tenon
2648:Ancient seafaring
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2320:
2319:
2202:
2201:
1935:
1934:
1775:
1774:
1604:Sailing hydrofoil
1456:
1455:
1375:Blackwall frigate
1298:Baltimore Clipper
426:978-0-521-54724-6
368:Modern seamanship
354:978-0-8018-5130-8
311:Mediterranean Sea
5383:
5354:
5353:
5248:Ark of bulrushes
5231:
5230:
5220:
5219:
4858:Oldest surviving
4568:Nusantao network
4443:Chester G. Starr
4408:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4378:
4352:Cilician pirates
4323:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4249:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
4244:Iron Age Britain
4192:
4191:
4181:
4180:
3899:
3898:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3563:
3478:Ptolemais Theron
3188:
3187:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3165:
2758:Single-outrigger
2669:
2668:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2353:Running backstay
2331:
2330:
2213:
2212:
1950:
1949:
1841:
1840:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1344:Ship of the line
1268:Ship of the line
890:
889:
886:(by origin date)
665:Full-rigged ship
566:Fore-and-aft rig
535:Age of Discovery
530:Maritime history
499:
492:
485:
476:
475:
464:
463:
443:
437:
414:Hobson, John M.
412:
406:
405:
381:
372:
371:
363:
357:
343:
268:Island Melanesia
230:double-outrigger
73:fore-and-aft rig
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5236:
5221:
5217:
5208:
5151:
5145:
5093:
5092:Institutes and
5087:
5042:Viking replicas
4983:Balangay Voyage
4896:
4890:
4874:
4629:
4622:
4498:
4488:
4447:
4395:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4328:
4313:
4309:
4304:
4200:
4182:
4178:
4169:
4120:
4077:
3930:
3890:
3835:
3828:
3629:
3582:
3565:
3561:
3552:
3428:Mueang Phra Rot
3282:
3273:
3182:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3108:
3082:Triangular sail
3043:
2980:
2954:Sail components
2865:
2834:
2808:Tessarakonteres
2663:
2650:
2645:
2615:
2606:
2486:
2391:
2316:
2257:
2253:Pelican striker
2238:Dolphin striker
2198:
2130:
2024:
1941:
1931:
1905:
1832:
1826:
1819:
1806:
1776:
1771:
1755:
1684:
1638:
1572:
1461:Fishing vessels
1452:
1436:
1363:
1272:
1216:
1122:
1076:
988:
952:Tessarakonteres
885:
883:
879:
873:
794:Outrigger canoe
704:
620:
544:
513:
503:
473:
468:
467:
460:
444:
440:
413:
409:
382:
375:
364:
360:
344:
340:
335:
325:The triangular
307:
248:
240:Main articles:
218:
213:
145:crab claw sails
101:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5284:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5250:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5025:
5017:Mediterranean
5015:
5014:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4980:
4973:
4970:Alingano Maisu
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4913:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4819:De Meern ships
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4689:Cape Gelidonya
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4634:
4632:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4452:Archaeologists
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:David Blackman
4414:
4412:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Jewish pirates
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:Lake Trasimene
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:Mediterranean:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3247:Maritime pilot
3244:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3210:Portolan chart
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2783:Oared warships
2780:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2565:Roller furling
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Spinnaker pole
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2189:Spreader patch
2186:
2181:
2176:
2174:Reefing points
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1721:Norfolk wherry
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Trailer sailer
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Pocket cruiser
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1448:Montagu whaler
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
994:Post-classical
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
924:
919:
914:
912:Borobudur ship
909:
904:
898:
896:
887:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
715:
713:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
670:Jackass-barque
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
629:
622:
621:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
591:Ljungström rig
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
519:
515:
514:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
472:
471:External links
469:
466:
465:
459:978-9004158634
458:
438:
407:
373:
358:
346:Casson, Lionel
337:
336:
334:
331:
306:
303:
256:crab claw sail
242:Crab claw sail
217:
214:
212:
209:
200:are partially
191:
190:
184:
174:
154:Rigs with one
109:Bermuda rigged
100:
97:
31:crab claw sail
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5318:Metamorphoses
5315:
5313:
5311:
5310:The Histories
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5288:The Histories
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5232:
5228:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5003:Marumaru Atua
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4963:Samudra Raksa
4960:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4949:Te Au o Tonga
4946:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Blackfriars I
4807:
4805:
4804:Arles Rhône 3
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4608:Thalassocracy
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Shell middens
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4543:Naval warfare
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Lionel Casson
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4387:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4324:
4320:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Incense trade
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4158:South America
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Sailing ships
4104:
4102:
4101:Oared vessels
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Cape Hermaeum
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3834:Migration and
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3641:Ancient Egypt
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:Civilizations
3632:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3174:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Clinker built
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Boat building
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Navis lusoria
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:sprit topmast
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:Special terms
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Sailing yacht
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:East Indiaman
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Bermuda sloop
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
891:
888:
882:
881:sailing ships
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
714:
711:
707:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
630:
628:
623:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
481:
480:
477:
461:
455:
451:
450:
442:
435:
434:0-521-54724-5
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
411:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
378:
369:
362:
355:
351:
347:
342:
338:
330:
328:
323:
321:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
247:
243:
235:
231:
227:
222:
208:
205:
203:
202:square rigged
199:
195:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:
151:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
96:
94:
93:square rigged
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:merchant ship
66:
62:
57:
51:
50:
46:
43:
38:
32:
28:
27:
21:
5339:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5296:On the Ocean
5294:
5287:
5279:
5276:Literature:
5064:
5046:
5027:
5020:
5010:Aotearoa One
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4895:Experimental
4863:Museum ships
4830:
4823:
4796:
4768:Phoenician:
4759:
4754:Leontophoros
4752:
4716:Butuan boats
4711:Pontian boat
4649:Dufuna canoe
4588:Shipbuilding
4499:and theories
4469:Boris Rankov
4263:
4196:Economy and
4096:Incendiaries
3943:
3730:Indus Valley
3698:Tarumanagara
3625:Ubaid period
3543:Wadi al-Jarf
3458:Ostia Antica
3062:Fore-and-aft
3061:
3029:Shipbuilding
3004:Carvel built
2986:Construction
2944:Steering oar
2825:Sailing ship
2748:Obelisk ship
2706:Dugout canoe
2555:Parrel beads
2503:Belaying pin
2498:Baggywrinkle
2482:Topping lift
1944:sailing rigs
1866:Fore-and-aft
1865:
1835:jury rigging
1716:Norfolk punt
1594:Mast aft rig
1503:Herring buss
1427:West Country
1349:Sloop-of-war
1204:
1200:
1134:Crommesteven
627:sailing rigs
601:Mast aft rig
565:
549:Sailing rigs
509:vessels and
448:
441:
416:
410:
393:
389:
367:
361:
341:
324:
308:
287:Indian Ocean
284:
249:
228:depicting a
206:
198:barquentines
192:
149:
137:spanker sail
102:
72:
70:
47:
24:
23:Micronesian
5303:Argonautica
5290:(Herodotus)
5253:Flood myths
5150:Museums and
5094:conferences
5059:Vital Alsar
4897:archaeology
4706:Austronesia
4699:Hjortspring
4694:Rochelongue
4644:Pesse canoe
4598:Ship burial
4583:Sea Peoples
4516:Lighthouses
4511:Grave goods
4459:George Bass
4239:Spice trade
3836:exploration
3658:Philippines
3653:Austronesia
3646:Old Kingdom
3523:Trincomalee
3473:Prosphorion
3418:Myos Hormos
3262:Micronesian
3253:By region:
3225:Lighthouses
3033:By region:
2798:Quinquereme
2723:Kunlun ship
2716:Penteconter
2701:Dragon boat
1953:Three-sided
1711:Mersey flat
1689:Other types
1478:Barca-longa
1380:Down Easter
1017:Bomb vessel
969:K'un-lun po
947:Quadriremes
932:Penteconter
819:Quadrimaran
640:Barquentine
556:Bermuda rig
525:Age of Sail
396:(1): 1–23.
315:Renaissance
291:Middle East
234:tanja sails
224:One of the
216:Austronesia
133:tanja sails
113:gaff rigged
99:Description
42:gaff-rigged
5312:(Polybius)
4956:Hawaiʻiloa
4838:Nemi ships
4723:Black Sea
4669:Khufu ship
4630:and relics
4528:Marine art
4521:Alexandria
4428:Fik Meijer
4411:Historians
4298:Indo-Roman
4111:Greek navy
4013:Salamis II
4003:Hellespont
3963:Artemisium
3953:Nile Delta
3916:Achaemenid
3809:Achaemenid
3678:Langkasuka
3673:Micronesia
3591:Prehistory
3518:Sounagoura
3346:Chittagong
3321:Barbarikon
3300:Alexandria
3242:Pilot boat
3192:Navigation
3024:Sewn-plank
3019:Lashed-lug
2897:Figurehead
2870:Components
2839:Propulsion
2793:Quadrireme
2774:Polyremes
2753:Outriggers
2597:Turnbuckle
2525:Clevis pin
2491:Components
2425:Cunningham
2405:Boomkicker
2370:Stay mouse
2292:Crosstrees
2136:Components
2116:Topgallant
2111:Tanja sail
2029:Four-sided
1886:Ljungström
1675:Treenailed
1655:Lashed lug
1650:Inflatable
1629:Windsurfer
1614:Sportsboat
1563:Well smack
1432:Windjammer
1359:Trincadour
1329:Padewakang
1179:Man-of-war
1118:Trabaccolo
1057:Malangbang
859:Vaka katea
809:Pentamaran
650:Brigantine
611:Square rig
606:Pinisi rig
586:Lateen rig
576:Gunter rig
540:Navigation
333:References
295:South Asia
280:tanja sail
276:Madagascar
264:Micronesia
246:Tanja sail
141:square rig
117:gaff sails
61:spritsails
5325:Geography
5263:Gilgamesh
5152:memorials
5076:Viracocha
4989:Faʻafaite
4942:Sarimanok
4848:Yassi Ada
4761:Syracusia
4684:Canaanite
4659:Moor Sand
4129:By region
4091:Grappling
4063:Naulochus
4053:Myonessus
4008:Echinades
3993:Arginusae
3988:Cynossema
3973:Naupactus
3968:Eurymedon
3802:Classical
3777:Phoenicia
3772:Mycenaean
3735:Tamilakam
3718:Polynesia
3708:Srivijaya
3503:Satingpra
3463:Palembang
3447:Cattigara
3389:(Kadaram)
3372:Jambukola
3366:Guangzhou
3307:(Podouke)
3305:Arikamedu
3267:Polynesia
3200:Celestial
3113:Armaments
3099:Spritsail
3057:Crab claw
2999:Careening
2966:Sternpost
2820:Reed boat
2763:Catamaran
2738:Multihull
2592:Traveller
2580:gooseneck
2560:Ring bolt
2467:Preventer
2430:Clewlines
2420:Buntlines
2410:Boom vang
2348:Lazy jack
2243:Jackstaff
2194:Tell-tale
2184:Sailcloth
2149:Bolt rope
2126:Watersail
2096:Spritsail
2066:Moonraker
2051:Junk sail
2041:Fisherman
2010:Spinnaker
2005:Screecher
1965:Crab claw
1922:Turbosail
1917:Rotorsail
1670:Tall ship
1498:Gableboat
1412:Leti leti
1402:Janggolan
1334:Post ship
1205:de armada
1194:Speronara
922:Fire ship
854:Va'a-tele
779:Kora kora
744:Catamaran
710:Multihull
616:Tanja rig
561:Crab claw
518:Overviews
505:Types of
320:North Sea
272:Polynesia
129:lug sails
105:staysails
5370:Category
5341:Tākitimu
5244:Legend:
5202:Roskilde
5081:Tangaroa
5022:Olympias
4996:Gaualofa
4935:Hōkūleʻa
4910:Kon-Tiki
4743:Ashkelon
4679:Uluburun
4638:Earliest
4404:Scholars
4286:shipping
4086:Boarding
3998:Mytilene
3983:Syracuse
3948:Alashiya
3911:Egyptian
3895:Military
3886:Timeline
3864:Sardinia
3787:Carthage
3703:Kalingga
3663:Sa Huỳnh
3598:Timeline
3548:Zanzibar
3498:Sarapion
3493:Rhacotis
3423:Martaban
3368:(Canton)
3361:Godavaya
3356:Giao Chỉ
3326:Barygaza
3316:Avalites
3237:Piloting
3125:Catapult
3120:Ballista
3094:Mast-aft
2907:Planking
2846:Paddling
2803:Hexareme
2768:Trimaran
2733:Longship
2681:Balangay
2545:Footrope
2540:Fairlead
2435:Downhaul
2385:forestay
2380:backstay
2363:ratlines
2335:Standing
2302:Spreader
2226:Bowsprit
2169:Jackline
2106:Studding
2100:Optimist
2071:Ringtail
2056:Lug sail
2046:Foresail
2015:Staysail
2000:Ringtail
1970:Gennaker
1927:Wingsail
1891:Mast-aft
1624:Wharrams
1543:Sixareen
1538:Nordland
1533:Patorani
1319:Gundalow
1304:Gallivat
1289:Chialoup
1284:Bilander
1233:Corvette
1149:Galleass
1108:Lancaran
1067:Tongkang
1052:Longship
1002:Balinger
902:Balangay
849:Ungalawa
844:Trimaran
839:Tongiaki
834:Tipairua
685:Schooner
581:Junk rig
571:Gaff rig
402:20078617
188:schooner
95:vessel.
45:schooner
5281:Odyssey
5258:Genesis
5055:Others
4854:Lists:
4843:Marausa
4793:Roman:
4783:Punic:
4748:Kyrenia
4739:Greek:
4735:Marsala
4728:Sinop D
4603:Tacking
4337:History
4224:Meluhha
4214:Fishing
4209:Whaling
4116:Ramming
4038:Aegates
4033:Drepana
4028:Ecnomus
3958:Salamis
3946:
3936:Battles
3814:Nabatea
3797:Archaic
3767:Nuragic
3757:Somalia
3608:Oceania
3603:Britain
3580:History
3513:Socotra
3483:Qandala
3468:Piraeus
3438:Muziris
3408:Madurai
3403:Manthai
3341:Canopus
3311:Arsinoe
3283:harbors
3232:History
3220:Coastal
3150:Sambuca
3135:Dolphin
3049:Rigging
2861:Poling
2851:Sailing
2788:Trireme
2728:Liburna
2691:Coracle
2661:Vessels
2587:Trapeze
2570:Shackle
2530:Deadeye
2462:Outhaul
2445:Halyard
2397:Running
2343:Bobstay
2326:Rigging
2277:Boomkin
2248:Jibboom
2159:Emblems
2154:Cringle
2121:Topsail
2086:Spanker
2081:Skysail
2020:Trysail
1856:B&R
1851:Bermuda
1844:Textile
1817:rigging
1760:Related
1558:Tartane
1508:Jangada
1488:Felucca
1483:Falkuša
1441:20th c.
1395:Warship
1385:Golekan
1368:19th c.
1294:Clipper
1277:18th c.
1263:Polacca
1243:Frigate
1221:17th c.
1189:Patache
1184:Manchua
1159:Flyboat
1144:Galleon
1127:16th c.
1098:Caravel
1088:Carrack
1081:15th c.
1047:Kondura
1012:Birlinn
942:Trireme
894:Ancient
829:Tepukei
784:Lakatoi
774:Karakoa
754:Guilalo
739:Camakau
724:Amatasi
712:vessels
680:Mistico
655:Catboat
596:Lug rig
507:sailing
211:History
194:Barques
164:catboat
127:sails,
115:sails,
111:sails,
79:vessel
77:sailing
5332:Aeneid
5048:Viking
5029:Regina
4798:Alkedo
4654:Abydos
4628:Wrecks
4497:Topics
4327:Piracy
4281:Greece
4141:Odisha
4073:Actium
4068:Mycale
3903:Navies
3792:Greece
3782:Olmecs
3750:Pandya
3725:Minoan
3688:Champa
3668:Lapita
3613:Remote
3533:Tyndis
3488:Quilon
3433:Muscat
3398:Lothal
3393:Korkai
3377:Jeddah
3351:Essina
3295:Adulis
3205:Charts
3140:Harpax
3130:Corvus
3104:Square
3072:Settee
3067:Lateen
2976:Tiller
2971:Strake
2939:Rudder
2929:Paddle
2877:Anchor
2856:Towing
2778:Bireme
2711:Galley
2686:Bangka
2575:Swivel
2550:Gasket
2535:Earing
2455:throat
2415:Braces
2358:Shroud
2144:Batten
2036:Course
1995:Raffee
1985:Lateen
1940:Sails
1901:Square
1896:Pinisi
1876:Gunter
1751:Wherry
1726:Pausik
1584:Dinghy
1528:Mayang
1523:Masula
1518:Lugger
1513:Jukung
1417:Palari
1339:74-gun
1324:Lanong
1248:Galeas
1174:Lorcha
1139:Galiot
1103:Ghurab
1062:Shitik
1007:Benawa
957:Dromon
937:Bireme
927:Galley
789:Lanong
759:Jukung
729:Baurua
660:Cutter
635:Barque
456:
432:
424:
400:
352:
327:lateen
305:Europe
297:, and
274:, and
180:, the
172:cutter
170:, the
166:, the
162:, the
158:: the
135:, the
125:lateen
121:gunter
5268:Greek
5071:Abora
5065:Ivlia
4977:Saina
4921:Ra II
4879:Sites
4664:Dokos
4276:Egypt
4198:trade
4163:Rafts
4148:Japan
4136:India
4048:Chios
4018:Mylae
3978:Olpae
3926:Roman
3921:Greek
3819:Aksum
3745:Chera
3740:Chola
3713:Sunda
3693:Kutai
3683:Kedah
3528:Tulum
3508:Sidon
3453:Opone
3443:Óc Eo
3413:Malao
3387:Kedah
3331:Basra
3279:Ports
3257:Inuit
3077:Tanja
3037:Egypt
2887:Cabin
2830:Tomol
2673:Types
2602:Winch
2518:bitts
2513:Cleat
2508:Block
2472:Sheet
2375:Stays
2307:Sprit
2287:Truck
2208:Spars
2179:Roach
2164:Draft
2076:Royal
1975:Genoa
1910:Other
1831:Rigs
1813:spars
1809:Sails
1706:Fusta
1660:Razee
1634:Yacht
1553:Smack
1548:Sgoth
1493:Fifie
1468:Bagan
1422:Tamar
1407:Lambo
1309:Garay
1212:Xebec
1201:round
1164:Fluyt
1154:Ghali
1072:Zabra
1037:Knarr
979:Mtepe
907:Boita
864:Vinta
824:Takia
804:Paraw
769:Kalia
734:Bigiw
719:ʻalia
690:Sloop
675:Ketch
398:JSTOR
299:China
178:ketch
168:sloop
139:on a
123:rig,
85:sails
83:with
75:is a
65:Roman
29:with
5197:Oslo
4919:and
4825:Isis
4772:Gozo
4293:Rome
4271:Maya
4153:Rome
4058:Nile
3824:Rome
3762:Maya
3618:Near
3538:Tyre
3290:Aden
3089:Junk
2961:Stem
2949:Sail
2934:Rope
2919:Mast
2914:Keel
2902:Hull
2892:Deck
2815:Raft
2696:Dhow
2477:Tack
2450:peak
2312:Yard
2282:Gaff
2272:Boom
2264:mast
1881:Junk
1871:Gaff
1815:and
1741:Scow
1736:Pram
1680:ULDB
1665:Sewn
1568:Yoal
1473:Bago
1354:Toop
1314:Grab
1258:Pink
1253:Koff
1042:Koch
1032:Jong
1027:Hulk
974:Lepa
964:Junk
917:Dhow
814:Proa
799:Pahi
764:Kaep
749:Drua
700:Yawl
695:Snow
645:Brig
511:rigs
454:ISBN
430:ISBN
422:ISBN
350:ISBN
244:and
196:and
182:yawl
160:proa
156:mast
143:and
89:keel
40:The
4234:Tin
3281:and
3145:Ram
2924:Oar
2882:Bow
2440:Guy
2262:On
2218:bow
2216:On
1980:Jib
1861:Cat
1203:or
1113:Hoy
1022:Cog
984:Uru
625:By
262:to
81:rig
5372::
4917:Ra
4886:H3
4640::
1811:,
869:Wa
428:,
392:.
388:.
376:^
301:.
293:,
270:,
266:,
147:.
131:,
119:,
107:,
71:A
26:wa
3449:)
3445:(
2640:e
2633:t
2626:v
2102:)
2098:(
1946:)
1942:(
1837:)
1833:(
1801:e
1794:t
1787:v
1300:)
1296:(
1207:)
498:e
491:t
484:v
462:.
436:"
404:.
394:6
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