894:
pelvic floor muscle training, are most effective for improving urinary incontinence in women, with a low risk of adverse events. Behavioral therapy is not curative for urinary incontinence, but it can improve a person's quality of life. Behavioral therapy has benefits as both a monotherapy (behaviorial therapy alone) and as an adjunct to medications (combining different therapies) for symptom reduction. Time voiding while urinating and bladder training are techniques that use biofeedback. In time voiding, the patient fills in a chart of voiding and leaking. From the patterns that appear in the chart, the patient can plan to empty his or her bladder before he or she would otherwise leak. Biofeedback and muscle conditioning, known as bladder training, can alter the bladder's schedule for storing and emptying urine. These techniques are effective for urge and overflow incontinence.
1034:) are often used in hospital settings, or if the user is not able to handle any of the above solutions himself/herself (e.g. severe neurologic injury or neurodegenerative disease). These are also prescription-only medical devices. The indwelling catheter is typically connected to a urine bag that can be worn on the leg or hung on the side of the bed. Indwelling catheters need to be monitored and changed on a regular basis by a healthcare professional. The advantage of indwelling catheters is that because the urine is funneled away from the body, the skin remains dry. However, the disadvantage is that it is very common to incur urinary tract infections when using indwelling catheters. Bladder spasms and other problems can also occur with long-term use of indwelling catheters.
992:(for men) – consists of a sheath worn over the penis funneling the urine into a urine bag worn on the leg. These products come in a variety of materials and sizes for individual fit. Studies show that urisheaths and urine bags are preferred over absorbent products – in particular when it comes to 'limitations to daily activities'. Solutions exist for all levels of incontinence. Advantages with collecting systems are that they are discreet, the skin stays dry all the time, and they are convenient to use both day and night. Disadvantages are that it is necessary to get measured to ensure proper fit, and in some countries, a prescription is needed.
574:
939:
electrical stimulation to relieve stress and urge incontinence. The evidence supporting the role for biofeedback devices in treating urinary incontinence is mixed. There is some very weak evidence that electrical stimulation that is low in frequency may be helpful in combination with other standard treatments for women with overactive bladder condition, however, the evidence supporting a role for biofeedback combined with pelvic floor muscle training is very weak and likely indicates that biofeedback-assistance is not helpful when included with conservative treatments for overactive bladder.
214:
1142:
974:
51:
292:
540:
702:
1131:
traditional suburethral sling operations are better than others. Similarly, there is insufficient long term evidence to be certain about the effectiveness or safety of single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women. Traditional suburethral slings may have a higher risk of surgical complications than minimally invasive slings but the risk of complications compared with other types of operation is still uncertain.
1020:
271:. Stress incontinence is characterized by leaking of small amounts of urine with activities that increase abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, laughing and lifting. This happens when the urethral sphincter cannot close completely due to the damage in the sphincter itself, or the surrounding tissue. Additionally, frequent exercise in high-impact activities can cause
660:, also known as effort incontinence, is essentially due to incomplete closure of the urinary sphincter, due to problems in the sphincter itself or insufficient strength of the pelvic floor muscles supporting it. This type of incontinence is when urine leaks during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing or bearing down.
520:
childbirth and pregnancy. The pressure inside the abdomen (from coughing and sneezing) is normally transmitted to both urethra and bladder equally, leaving the pressure difference unchanged, resulting in continence. When the sphincter is incompetent, this increase in pressure will push the urine against it, leading to incontinence.
770:
anxiety or inebriation due to alcohol. Functional incontinence can also occur in certain circumstances where no biological or medical problem is present. For example, a person may recognize the need to urinate but may be in a situation where there is no toilet nearby or access to a toilet is restricted.
1292:
The effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches to treating urinary incontinence is not well studied for some medical conditions. For example, for people who experience urinary incontinence due to stroke, treatment approaches such as physical therapy, cognitive therapy, complementary medicine,
893:
Behavioral therapy involves the use of both suppressive techniques (distraction, relaxation) and learning to avoid foods that may worsen urinary incontinence. This may involve avoiding or limiting consumption of caffeine and alcohol. Behavioral therapies, including bladder training, biofeedback, and
357:
and surrounding tissue, causing it to be incompetent. An incompetent urethral sphincter cannot prevent urine from leaking out of the urinary bladder during activities that increase the intraabdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing. Continence usually improves within 6 to 12 months
884:
bulking agents, are more effective than no treatment in improving or curing UI symptoms or achieving patient satisfaction. For urinary incontinence in women, it is typical in clinical practice to begin with behavioral therapy, then move on to oral medication if behavioral therapy is ineffective. If
557:
The bladder is made of two types of muscles: the detrusor and the sphincter. The detrusor is a muscular sac that stores urine and squeezes to empty. Connected to the bottom or next of the bladder, the sphincter is a circular group of muscles that automatically stays contracted to hold the urine in.
1153:
is an implantable device used to treat stress incontinence, mostly in men. The device is made of 2 or 3 parts: The pump, cuff, and balloon reservoir connected to each other by specialized tubes. The cuff wraps around the urethra and closes it. When the person wants to urinate, he presses the pump
1087:
Medications are not recommended for those with stress incontinence and are only recommended in those with urge incontinence who do not improve with bladder training. While medications have been shown to be helpful with treating urinary incontinence, studies have shown that the first line treatment
1007:
and underpants) are the best-known product types to manage incontinence. They are widely available in pharmacies and supermarkets. The advantages of using these are that they barely need any fitting or introduction by a healthcare specialist. The disadvantages with absorbent products are that they
867:
Yearly screening is recommended for women by the Women's
Preventive Services Initiative (WPSI) and people who test positive in the screening process would need to be referred for further testing to understand how to help treat their condition. Screening questions should inquire about what symptoms
676:
is the incontinence that happens suddenly without feeling the urge to urinate and without necessarily doing any physical activities. It is also known as under-active bladder syndrome. This usually happens with chronic obstruction of the bladder outlet or with diseases damaging the nerves supplying
561:
A baby's bladder fills to a set point, then automatically contracts and empties. As the child gets older, the nervous system develops. The child's brain begins to get messages from the filling bladder and begins to send messages to the bladder to keep it from automatically emptying until the child
769:
occurs when a person recognizes the need to urinate but cannot make it to the bathroom. The loss of urine may be large. There are several causes of functional incontinence including confusion, dementia, poor eyesight, mobility or dexterity, unwillingness to use the toilet because of depression or
1174:
Globally, up to 35% of the population over the age of 60 years is estimated to be incontinent. In 2014, urinary leakage affected between 30% and 40% of people over 65 years of age living in their own homes or apartments in the U.S. Twenty-four percent of older adults in the U.S. have moderate or
897:
Avoiding heavy lifting and preventing constipation may help with uncontrollable urine leakage. Stopping smoking is also recommended as it is associated with improvements in urinary incontinence in men and women. Weight loss may also be helpful for people who are overweight to improve symptoms of
644:
of anti-incontinence therapies often quantify the extent of urinary incontinence. The methods include the 1-h pad test, measuring leakage volume; using a voiding diary, counting the number of incontinence episodes (leakage episodes) per day; and assessing of the strength of pelvic floor muscles,
1191:
Approximately 17% of non-pregnant women have urinary incontinence, with the most common types being stress, urgency, and mixed. Bladder symptoms affect women of all ages. However, bladder problems are most prevalent among older women. Women over the age of 60 years are twice as likely as men to
1182:
Incontinence is expensive both to individuals in the form of bladder control products and to the health care system and nursing home industry. Injury-related to incontinence is a leading cause of admission to assisted living and nursing care facilities. In 1997 more than 50% of nursing facility
553:
Urination, or voiding, is a complex activity. The bladder is a balloon-like muscle that lies in the lowest part of the abdomen. The bladder stores urine and then releases it through the urethra, which is the canal that carries urine to the outside of the body. Controlling this activity involves
1137:
colposuspension (keyhole surgery through the abdomen) with sutures is as effective as open colposuspension for curing incontinence in women up to 18 months after surgery, but it is unclear whether there are fewer risk of complications during or after surgery. There is probably a higher risk of
1130:
Traditional suburethral sling operations are probably slightly better than open abdominal retropubic colposuspension and are probably slightly less effective than mid-urethral sling operations in reducing urinary incontinence in women, but it is still uncertain if any of the different types of
938:
uses measuring devices to help the patient become aware of his or her body's functioning. By using electronic devices or diaries to track when the bladder and urethral muscles contract, the patient can gain control over these muscles. Biofeedback can be used with pelvic muscle exercises and
519:
is usually a result of the incompetent closure of the urethral sphincter. This can be caused by damage to the sphincter itself, the muscles that support it, or nerves that supply it. In men, the damage usually happens after prostate surgery or radiation, and in women, it's usually caused by
1014:
are single-use catheters that are inserted into the bladder to empty it, and once the bladder is empty they are removed and discarded. Intermittent catheters are primarily used for urinary retention (inability to empty the bladder), but for some people they can be used to reduce or avoid
1122:
The use of transvaginal mesh implants and bladder slings is controversial due to the risk of debilitating painful side effects such as vaginal erosion. In 2012 transvaginal mesh implants were classified as a high risk device by the US Food and Drug
Administration.
880:, collecting devices (for men), fixer-occluder devices for incontinence (in men), medications, and surgery. Both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments may be effective for treating UI in non-pregnant women. All treatments, except hormones and
157:, surgery, and electrical stimulation. Behavioral therapy generally works better than medication for stress and urge incontinence. The benefit of medications is small and long term safety is unclear. Urinary incontinence is more common in older women.
3148:
Leonardo K, Seno DH, Mirza H, Afriansyah A (August 2022). "Biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
119:
Pelvic surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause are major risk factors. Urinary incontinence is often a result of an underlying medical condition but is under-reported to medical practitioners. There are four main types of incontinence:
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Bladder control problems have been found to be associated with higher incidence of many other health problems such as obesity and diabetes. Difficulty with bladder control results in higher rates of depression and limited activity levels.
1293:
and specialized interventions with experienced medical professionals are sometimes suggested, however it is not clear how effective these are at improving incontinence and there is no strong medical evidence to guide clinical practice.
721:
1569:
Balk EM, Rofeberg VN, Adam GP, Kimmel HJ, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (April 2019). "Pharmacologic and
Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes".
4025:
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S (November 2000). "A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the
Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag".
927:
Small vaginal cones of increasing weight may be used to help with exercise. They seem to be better than no active treatment in women with stress urinary incontinence, and have similar effects to training of pelvic floor muscles or
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and can lead to incontinence. These types of vaginal fistulas include, most commonly, vesicovaginal fistula and, more rarely, ureterovaginal fistula. These may be difficult to diagnose. The use of standard techniques along with a
621: – sound waves are used to visualize the kidneys and urinary bladder, assess the capacity of the bladder before voiding, and the remaining amount of urine after voiding. This helps know if there's a problem in emptying.
1219:
While urinary incontinence affects older men more often than younger men, the onset of incontinence can happen at any age. Estimates around 2007 suggested that 17 percent of men over age 60, an estimated 600,000 men in the
1083:
in the bladder. While some of these medications appear to have a small benefit, the risk of side effects are a concern. Medications are effective for about one in ten people, and all medications have similar efficacy.
1232:
Incontinence happens less often after age 5: About 10 percent of 5-year-olds, 5 percent of 10-year-olds, and 1 percent of 18-year-olds experience episodes of incontinence. It is twice as common in girls as in boys.
2844:
Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P (September 2014). "Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the
American College of Physicians".
984:
Individuals who continue to experience urinary incontinence need to find a management solution that matches their individual situation. The use of mechanical devices has not been well studied in women, as of 2014.
267:, age, among others. About 33% of all women experience urinary incontinence after giving birth, and women who deliver vaginally are about twice as likely to have urinary incontinence as women who give birth via a
4514:
4491:
283:. This type of urinary incontinence is more commonly seen in women of older age. It is characterized by leaking of large amounts of urine in association with insufficient warning to get to the bathroom in time.
115:
medical condition, which creates barriers to successful management and makes the problem worse. People may be too embarrassed to seek medical help, and attempt to self-manage the symptom in secrecy from others.
2398:
O'Reilly N, Nelson HD, Conry JM, Frost J, Gregory KD, Kendig SM, et al. (September 2018). "Screening for
Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative".
1443:
592:
looks for signs of medical conditions causing incontinence, such as tumors that block the urinary tract, stool impaction, and poor reflexes or sensations, which may be evidence of a nerve-related cause.
306:
is the most common type of incontinence in men. Similar to women, urine leakage happens following a very intense feeling of urination, not allowing enough time to reach the bathroom, a condition called
1260:
as spokeswoman. Allyson was initially reticent to participate, but her mother, who had incontinence, convinced her that it was her duty in light of her successful career. The product proved a success.
868:
they have experienced, how severe the symptoms are, and if the symptoms affect their daily lives. As of 2018, studies have not shown a change in outcomes with urinary incontinence screenings in women.
496:
is the muscular ring that closes the outlet of the urinary bladder preventing urine to pass outside the body. Urethral pressure normally exceeds bladder pressure, resulting in urine remaining in the
4263:
Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thüroff J, Wein AJ (June 2001). "How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study".
924:
Physical therapy, both by itself and in combination with anticholinergic drugs, was found to be more successful in reducing urinary incontinence in women than anticholinergics by themselves.
558:
It will automatically relax when the detrusor contracts to let the urine into the urethra. A third group of muscles below the bladder (pelvic floor muscles) can contract to keep urine back.
2945:
López-Liria R, Varverde-Martínez ML, Padilla-Góngora D, Rocamora-Pérez P (April 2019). "Effectiveness of
Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review".
1800:
585:
The pattern of voiding and urine leakage is important as it suggests the type of incontinence. Other points include straining and discomfort, use of drugs, recent surgery, and illness.
4130:"First diagnosis and management of incontinence in older people with and without dementia in primary care: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database"
1273:
4616:
186:
2546:
Price N, Jackson SR (August 2004). "Clinical audit of the use of tension-free vaginal tape as a surgical treatment for urinary stress incontinence, set against NICE guidelines".
677:
the urinary bladder. The urine stretches the bladder without the person feeling the pressure, and eventually, it overwhelms the ability of the urethral sphincter to hold it back.
3453:
Shamliyan T, Wyman JF, Ramakrishnan R, Sainfort F, Kane RL (June 2012). "Benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatment for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review".
1192:
experience incontinence; one in three women over the age of 60 years are estimated to have bladder control problems. One reason why women are more affected is the weakening of
1175:
severe urinary incontinence that should be treated medically. People with dementia are three times more likely to have urinary incontinence compared to people of similar ages.
2890:"Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis"
824:) in bladder and bowel continence, patients with urinary incontinence are more likely to have fecal incontinence in addition. This is sometimes termed "double incontinence".
3031:
Rosenbaum TY (January 2007). "Pelvic floor involvement in male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment: a literature review".
2473:
Nelson HD, Cantor A, Pappas M, Miller L (September 2018). "Screening for
Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative".
905:
work with patients to identify and treat underlying pelvic muscle dysfunction that can cease urinary incontinence. They may recommend exercises to strengthen the muscles,
4664:
3246:"There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review"
2226:
1451:
3858:
Carter E, Johnson EE, Still M, Al-Assaf AS, Bryant A, Aluko P, et al. (October 2023). "Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women".
1058:
for women are devices inserted into the vagina. This device provides support to the urethra which passes right in front of it, allowing it to close more firmly.
205:, and restricted mobility. The causes leading to urinary incontinence are usually specific to each sex, however, some causes are common to both men and women.
527:(bladder muscle), leading to an intense feeling of urination, and incontinence if the person does not reach the bathroom on time. The syndrome is known as
1687:
637:
People are often asked to keep a diary for a day or more, up to a week, to record the pattern of voiding, noting times and the amounts of urine produced.
3594:
1825:
1154:(implanted in the scrotum), to deflate the cuff, and allow the urine to pass. The cuff regains pressure within a few minutes to regain continence. The
58:
Anatomy of the lower urinary tract and genital system. The top diagram shows the female urinary system, and the bottom shows the male urinary system.
3339:"Randomized, crossover study evaluating patient preference and the impact on quality of life of urisheaths vs absorbent products in incontinent men"
2788:"Practical aspects of lifestyle modifications and behavioural interventions in the treatment of overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence"
2373:
716:
683:
contains symptoms of multiple other types of incontinence. It is not uncommon in the elderly female population and can sometimes be complicated by
4179:
Nygaard I, Turvey C, Burns TL, Crischilles E, Wallace R (January 2003). "Urinary incontinence and depression in middle-aged United States women".
3067:
1831:
4904:
4657:
1099:
Women and men that have persistent incontinence despite optimal conservative therapy may be candidates for surgery. Surgery may be used to help
803:
Transient incontinence is temporary incontinence most often seen in pregnant women when it subsequently resolves after the birth of the child.
133:
due to "a poorly functioning urethral sphincter muscle (intrinsic sphincter deficiency) or to hypermobility of the bladder neck or urethra"
5161:
3706:
Temtanakitpaisan T, Buppasiri P, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Rattanakanokchai S, et al. (Cochrane
Incontinence Group) (March 2022).
3276:
There is not yet strong evidence that alternative exercise regimens can reduce urinary leakage in women with stress urinary incontinence.
2988:
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K (December 2019). "Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women".
4650:
730:
942:
Preoperative pelvic floor muscle training in men undergoing radical prostatectomy was not effective in reducing urinary incontinence.
2594:
Todhunter-Brown A, Hazelton C, Campbell P, Elders A, Hagen S, McClurg D, et al. (Cochrane
Incontinence Group) (September 2022).
2081:
DeLancey JO (1997-10-01). "The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence in women and its implications for surgical treatment".
1400:
4414:
4001:
4622:
1881:"Effectiveness of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis"
1422:
945:
Alternative exercises have been studied for stress urinary incontinence in women. Evidence was insufficient to support the use of
4848:
342:
4094:
885:
both behavioral therapy and oral medication are ineffective, the patient may be given bladder botox or neuromodulation therapy.
3571:
Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08).
3405:
Chong JT, Simma-Chiang V (March 2018). "A historical perspective and evolution of the treatment of male urinary incontinence".
2230:
1799:
Balk, Ethan; Adam, Gaelen P.; Kimmel, Hannah; Rofeberg, Valerie; Saeed, Iman; Jeppson, Peter; Trikalinos, Thomas (2018-08-08).
5066:
1515:
773:
Structural incontinence: Rarely, structural problems can cause incontinence, usually diagnosed in childhood (for example, an
3572:
17:
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Failures in this control mechanism result in incontinence. Reasons for this failure range from the simple to the complex.
4897:
2516:
917:
are a first line treatment for women with stress incontinence. Efforts to increase the time between urination, known as
627: – a thin tube with a tiny camera is inserted in the urethra and used to see the inside of the urethra and bladder.
5156:
4397:
4307:
3708:"Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence"
4372:
1488:
1366:
1341:
877:
752:
4000:
Burkhard FC, Bosch JL, Cruz F, Lemack GE, Nambiar AK, Thiruchelvam N, Tubaro A, Ambühl D, Bedretdinova DA, Farag F.
2159:
2596:"Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews"
989:
666:
is an involuntary loss of urine occurring while suddenly feeling the need or urge to urinate, usually secondary to
358:
after prostate surgery without any specific interventions, and only 5 to 10% of people report persistent symptoms.
830:
is the phenomenon where urine remaining in the urethra after voiding the bladder slowly leaks out after urination.
4701:
3900:
Freites J, Stewart F, Omar MI, Mashayekhi A, Agur WI, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2019).
2889:
2003:
Andersson KE, Arner A (July 2004). "Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology".
1248:
Incontinence has historically been a taboo subject in Western culture. However, this situation changed some when
1155:
1111:, tension-free vaginal tape, bladder suspension, artificial urinary sphincters, among others. It is not clear if
717:
https://web.archive.org/web/20101122151307/http://www.femalepatient.com/html/arc/sig/uroG/articles/034_08_032.asp
3782:
4990:
4890:
3337:
Chartier-Kastler E, Ballanger P, Petit J, Fourmarier M, Bart S, Ragni-Ghazarossian E, et al. (July 2011).
1832:
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-212-urinary-incontinence-updated.pdf
523:
Another example is urge incontinence. This incontinence is associated with sudden forceful contractions of the
425:
390:
4224:"Medically recognized urinary incontinence and risks of hospitalization, nursing home admission and mortality"
3659:"The efficacy and safety of urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review"
2645:"Adverse Events Associated with Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: a Systematic Review"
488:
in the wall of the bladder contract, forcing urine out of the bladder and into the urethra. At the same time,
5151:
4995:
4341:
2134:
902:
615: – blood is taken, sent to a laboratory, and examined for substances related to causes of incontinence.
4811:
1150:
1011:
921:, is recommended in those with urge incontinence. Both these may be used in those with mixed incontinence.
712:
312:
150:
4631:
4459:
577:
Ultrasound of the urinary bladder of an 85-year-old man. It shows a trabeculated wall, which is a sign of
2381:
1544:"Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness"
1091:
Injectable bulking agents may be used to enhance urethral support, however, they are of unclear benefit.
2692:
Imamura M, Williams K, Wells M, McGrother C, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2015).
1402:"My bladder and bowel own my life." A collaborative workshop addressing the need for continence research
3071:
2288:"Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment"
2251:
Macaluso JN, Appell RA, Sullivan JW (September 1981). "Ureterovaginal fistula detected by vaginogram".
386:
316:
3192:
Stewart F, Berghmans B, Bø K, Glazener CM, et al. (Cochrane Incontinence Group) (December 2017).
1241:
The management of urinary incontinence with pads is mentioned in the earliest medical book known, the
337:
is the other common type of incontinence in men, and it most commonly happens after prostate surgery.
5028:
1504:
Santoro GA, Murad-Regadas S, Causa L, Mellgren A (19 November 2013). Gaspari AL, Pierpaolo S (eds.).
4642:
5081:
5000:
4529:
1613:
848:. It has been reported to occur in 10% to 24% of sexually active women with pelvic floor disorders.
433:. However, the etiology behind this is usually different between men and women, as mentioned above.
245:, becoming weaker and thinner, possibly playing a role in the development of urinary incontinence.
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complications with traditional suburethral slings than with open abdominal retropubic suspension.
5076:
4963:
4955:
766:
1851:
609: – urine is tested for evidence of infection, urinary stones, or other contributing causes.
4833:
2888:
Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, Ostarijas E, Patel AG, Aylwin SJ, et al. (August 2021).
1127:
seems to confirm that surgical restoration of vault prolapse can cure motor urge incontinence.
413:
346:
182:
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229:. Women that have symptoms of both types are said to have "mixed" urinary incontinence. After
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3755:
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2761:
1712:
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673:
573:
272:
136:
3194:"Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women"
603: – the patient relaxes, then coughs vigorously as the doctor watches for loss of urine.
5071:
4983:
3588:
3496:
2443:
1819:
1550:. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
1382:
589:
373:(excessive urine production) of which, in turn, the most frequent causes are: uncontrolled
4065:
1158:
considers the artificial urinary sphincter as the gold standard in surgical management of
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Treatment options include conservative treatment, behavioral therapy, bladder retraining,
8:
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Men tend to experience incontinence less often than women, and the structure of the male
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can be bulky, leak, have odors and can cause skin breakdown due to the constant dampness.
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2374:"Female Urinary Incontinence During Sexual Intercourse (Coital Incontinence): A Review"
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1980:
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2020:
1985:
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213:
124:
63:
4292:
4208:
3608:
Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo KO, Cody JD, McClinton S, Aluko P (July 2017).
3573:
Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update
3482:
2974:
2874:
2575:
2502:
2428:
2120:
2067:
1931:
1801:
Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update
1772:
1688:"American Urological Association - Medical Student Curriculum: Urinary Incontinence"
1599:
275:
to develop. Urge urinary incontinence, is caused by uninhibited contractions of the
4732:
4706:
4580:
4462: (United States District Court Western District of Missouri 24 June 2011).
4390:
Urinary and fecal incontinence : an interdisciplinary approach; with 89 tables
4360:
4272:
4235:
4188:
4151:
4141:
4128:
Grant RL, Drennan VM, Rait G, Petersen I, Iliffe S (August 2013). Prince MJ (ed.).
4102:
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3830:
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3723:
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3625:
3621:
3576:
3521:"Tolterodine Tartrate Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses"
3462:
3434:
3414:
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3301:
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3213:
3209:
3205:
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2713:
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2705:
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2482:
2408:
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2012:
1975:
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1967:
1902:
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1807:
1750:
1659:
1651:
1579:
1116:
1000:
996:
950:
918:
154:
4357:
Pediatric incontinence - Franco - 2015 - Wiley Online Books - Wiley Online Library
2177:
5045:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4821:
4611:
4534:
4146:
3001:
2741:
Elavsky M (February 2018). "Urinary Incontinence: What Pharmacists Should Know".
2559:
1755:
1738:
1213:
1049:
633: – various techniques measure pressure in the bladder and the flow of urine.
524:
505:
497:
485:
458:
394:
324:
320:
276:
202:
170:
96:
4882:
4332:
Stothers L, Thom D, Calhoun E (2007). "Chapter 6: Urinary Incontinence in Men".
1141:
1119:
after surgery are helpful at decreasing the risk of an infection after surgery.
504:
and tissue, allowing it to close firmly. Any damage to this balance between the
492:
muscles surrounding the urethra relax, letting urine pass out of the body. The
4677:
4106:
3760:
2660:
2016:
1284:
to be given by Missouri to adults who would be institutionalized without them.
1249:
1108:
1052:. This management solution is only suitable for light or moderate incontinence.
1031:
1023:
Different types of pessaries. These are inserted inside the vagina for support.
978:
914:
854:
is urinary incontinence at the moment of orgasm. It can be a result of radical
774:
600:
4545:
4504:
4500:
4240:
4223:
2524:
2303:
1224:, experienced urinary incontinence, with this percentage increasing with age.
901:
Physical therapy can be effective for women in reducing urinary incontinence.
107:
is often used to refer to urinary incontinence primarily in children, such as
5145:
5091:
4914:
4607:
3809:
Saraswat L, Rehman H, Omar MI, Cody JD, Aluko P, Glazener CM (January 2020).
3705:
2694:"Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults"
2643:
Balk EM, Adam GP, Corsi K, Mogul A, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC (August 2019).
2264:
2229:. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. 2008. Archived from
1525:
1242:
1209:
1163:
1080:
1004:
855:
791:
338:
198:
112:
4637:
4508:
4063:
3811:"Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women"
1897:
1806:(Report). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
5108:
5096:
5086:
4284:
4200:
4165:
4047:
3986:
3935:
3883:
3844:
3741:
3692:
3657:
Matsuoka PK, Locali RF, Pacetta AM, Baracat EC, Haddad JM (February 2016).
3643:
3580:
3545:"Fesoterodine Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses"
3474:
3426:
3391:
3364:
3323:
3271:
3227:
3170:
3131:
3052:
3009:
2966:
2923:
2914:
2866:
2821:
2727:
2678:
2629:
2567:
2494:
2459:
2420:
2358:
2321:
2024:
1989:
1936:
1916:
1811:
1764:
1673:
1591:
1555:
1277:
1257:
1253:
1193:
1088:
that's most effective against urinary incontinence is behavioral therapy.
1068:
946:
845:
781:
caused by obstetric and gynecologic trauma or injury are commonly known as
501:
409:
256:
95:. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a large impact on
4364:
4249:
2958:
2272:
2112:
2059:
1505:
1334:
Nursing diagnosis handbook : an evidence-based guide to planning care
973:
367:
Age is a risk factor that increases both the severity and prevalence of UI
50:
5101:
4935:
4856:
4696:
4564:
2103:
2038:
DeLancey JO (June 1990). "Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence".
1134:
1072:
1037:
935:
910:
851:
821:
630:
469:
457:
The body stores urine — water and wastes removed by the kidneys — in the
3336:
1956:"Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults"
5023:
4978:
4940:
4930:
4586:
3783:"What does pelvic mesh do and why are women suing over it? – explainer"
2094:
1112:
1076:
1067:
A number of medications exist to treat urinary incontinence including:
813:
787:
624:
618:
612:
606:
512:, supportive tissue and nerves can lead to some type of incontinence .
424:
can all interfere with nerve function of the bladder. This can lead to
100:
72:
4483:
3418:
3162:
2905:
539:
4672:
4575:
2858:
2593:
2486:
2412:
1583:
1276:
resulted in that court issuing an order in 2011. That order requires
1197:
1045:
489:
481:
260:
230:
190:
169:
and non-urologic causes. Urologic causes can be classified as either
92:
4355:
Franco I, Austin PF, Bauer SB, von Gontard A, Homsy Y, eds. (2015).
1739:"Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence: a systematic review"
888:
809:
is an involuntary response to laughter. It usually affects children.
291:
4816:
4795:
4785:
4727:
3378:
Cravens DD, Zweig S (January 2000). "Urinary catheter management".
1281:
1027:
641:
548:
477:
382:
370:
234:
194:
104:
3452:
2335:
Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TJ (December 2007).
1954:
Thomas LH, Coupe J, Cross LD, Tan AL, Watkins CL (February 2019).
1212:
accounts for this difference. Stress incontinence is common after
5015:
4691:
1503:
1274:
United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri
1055:
1041:
958:
954:
778:
473:
462:
437:
264:
252:
242:
238:
166:
139:
due to either poor bladder contraction or blockage of the urethra
68:
4024:
3951:"Recent advances in surgical management of urinary incontinence"
3902:"Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women"
1040:(or penis compression device), which is applied to compress the
4922:
4838:
4790:
4626:
4495:
2135:"Overactive Bladder (OAB): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment"
1302:
841:
837:
417:
3610:"Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women"
2444:"Urinary Incontinence: Screening Recommendation from the WPSI"
913:
treatments. Exercising the muscles of the pelvis such as with
4178:
3756:"Vaginal Mesh & Bladder Sling Complications and Lawsuits"
3575:(Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
2887:
2691:
1638:
Edwards RJ, Dombrowski SM, Luciano MG, Pople IK (July 2004).
1637:
1107:. Common surgical techniques for stress incontinence include
4387:
4354:
3899:
3656:
2397:
1483:. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press. p. 339.
1044:
to compensate for the malfunctioning of the natural urinary
1019:
800:
is episodic UI while asleep. It is normal in young children.
3147:
1015:
incontinence. These are prescription-only medical devices.
812:
Double incontinence. There is also a related condition for
251:
in women is most commonly caused by loss of support of the
221:
The most common types of urinary incontinence in women are
4262:
4064:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (June 2014).
3857:
3191:
2843:
531:, and it's related to dysfunction of the detrusor muscle.
500:, and maintaining continence. The urethra is supported by
4127:
2472:
2337:"Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults"
2279:
2178:"Urinary incontinence: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1003:, undergarments, protective underwear, briefs, diapers,
4337:
4095:"Continence, dementia, and care that preserves dignity"
3607:
2334:
1850:
Clemens JQ (3 January 2022). O'Leary MP, Law K (eds.).
1221:
3808:
3570:
3290:"Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women"
2250:
2158:
Lukacz ES (2 August 2023). Schmader KE, Law K (eds.).
1798:
1568:
4388:
Becker HD, Stenzl A, Wallwiener D, Zittel TT (2005).
4222:
Thom DH, Haan MN, Van Den Eeden SK (September 1997).
4221:
4473:
2393:
2391:
2285:
480:
muscle activity (the muscle of the bladder). During
461:, a balloon-like organ. The bladder connects to the
311:. In men, the condition is commonly associated with
4331:
3999:
2987:
1953:
4066:"Prevalence of Incontinence Among Older Americans"
4002:"EAU Guidelines on Urinary Incontinence in Adults"
2734:
2642:
1879:Wang W, Huang QM, Liu FP, Mao QQ (December 2014).
1541:
836:(CI) is urinary leakage that occurs during either
295:The prostate with the urethra passing through it (
99:. It has been identified as an important issue in
4912:
3497:"Oxybutynin Chloride Monograph for Professionals"
3404:
3098:"Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence"
2785:
2388:
2160:"Evaluation of Females with Urinary Incontinence"
1145:AMS 800 and ZSI 375 artificial urinary sphincters
889:Behavioral therapy, physical therapy and exercise
5143:
3143:
3141:
653:There are 4 main types of urinary incontinence:
645:measuring the maximum vaginal squeeze pressure.
554:nerves, muscles, the spinal cord and the brain.
465:, the tube through which urine leaves the body.
401:, but does not necessarily lead to incontinence.
4415:"Now Splinter Free: How Marketing Broke Taboos"
3895:
3893:
3804:
3802:
3287:
1878:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
820:. Due to involvement of the same muscle group (
3593:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
2990:Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
2786:Wyman JF, Burgio KL, Newman DK (August 2009).
2328:
2002:
1949:
1947:
1824:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
1480:Mayo Clinic internal medicine concise textbook
965:, postural training, and generalized fitness.
255:, which is usually a consequence of damage to
193:, medication or drugs, psychological factors,
4898:
4658:
3138:
1743:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
1336:(9th ed.). Maryland Heights, Mo: Mosby.
4412:
4256:
4172:
4020:
4018:
3890:
3799:
3377:
3371:
3330:
3095:
2545:
1836:
1736:
1542:Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Kane RL (April 2012).
844:and can occur with a sexual partner or with
4215:
4092:
3948:
3906:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3860:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3815:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3712:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3614:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3294:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3288:Lipp A, Shaw C, Glavind K (December 2014).
3198:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3102:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3091:
3089:
2759:
2698:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2600:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2244:
1960:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1944:
145:involving features of different other types
4905:
4891:
4665:
4651:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3239:
3237:
2792:International Journal of Clinical Practice
1537:
1535:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1417:
1415:
562:decides it is the time and place to void.
165:Urinary incontinence can result from both
49:
4239:
4155:
4145:
4059:
4057:
4015:
3976:
3966:
3925:
3834:
3731:
3682:
3633:
3354:
3313:
3261:
3243:
3217:
3121:
3030:
2913:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2811:
2717:
2668:
2619:
2441:
2348:
2311:
2102:
1979:
1929:
1906:
1896:
1754:
1663:
1507:Pelvic Floor Disorders: Surgical Approach
1183:admissions were related to incontinence.
753:Learn how and when to remove this message
237:production decreases and, in some women,
4634:from the European Urological Association
4308:"An 'Emotional Burden' Rarely Discussed"
3467:10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00436
3086:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2286:Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N (June 2013).
2080:
2037:
1140:
1018:
972:
729:Relevant discussion may be found on the
572:
538:
290:
212:
3441:
3234:
3070:. National Incontinence. Archived from
3065:
2740:
1874:
1872:
1849:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1532:
1465:
1412:
343:transurethral resection of the prostate
14:
5144:
4638:Independent continence product advisor
4305:
4299:
4054:
2828:
2157:
1614:"Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults"
1331:
5067:Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome
4886:
4646:
3780:
3566:
3564:
2582:
2548:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2371:
2341:Evidence Report/Technology Assessment
1923:
1737:Thom DH, Rortveit G (December 2010).
1476:
1359:Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary
1356:
1079:. These medications work by relaxing
436:Other suggested risk factors include
315:(an enlarged prostate), which causes
111:(bed wetting). UI is an example of a
2649:Journal of General Internal Medicine
1869:
1779:
794:with instillation of contrast media.
695:
4334:Urologic Diseases in America Report
3244:Bø K, Herbert RD (September 2013).
2292:International Urogynecology Journal
2184:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
331:, and the associated incontinence.
24:
5162:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system
4392:. Berlin : Springer. p. 232.
4093:Imison C, Kwint J (21 June 2022).
3561:
2219:
2040:Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
1656:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x
715:of a non-free copyrighted source,
640:Research projects that assess the
189:. Non-urologic causes may include
25:
5173:
4469:
3949:Downey A, Inman RD (2019-07-31).
3096:Herbison GP, Dean N (July 2013).
2521:Interstitial Cystitis Association
1640:"Chronic hydrocephalus in adults"
1548:Comparative Effectiveness Reviews
1425:. Womenshealth.gov. July 16, 2012
1423:"Urinary incontinence fact sheet"
4437:"Recent Cases - Olmstead Rights"
4277:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x
4028:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
3356:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09736.x
3045:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00393.x
2804:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02078.x
2052:10.1097/00003081-199006000-00014
903:Pelvic floor physical therapists
700:
4702:Costovertebral angle tenderness
4447:
4429:
4406:
4381:
4348:
4325:
4121:
4086:
4009:European Association of Urology
3993:
3942:
3851:
3774:
3748:
3699:
3650:
3601:
3537:
3513:
3489:
3398:
3281:
3185:
3059:
3024:
2981:
2938:
2881:
2779:
2753:
2685:
2636:
2539:
2509:
2466:
2435:
2365:
2195:
2170:
2151:
2127:
2074:
2031:
1996:
1730:
1713:"Urinary incontinence - Causes"
1705:
1680:
1631:
1606:
1562:
1510:. Milan: Springer. p. 58.
1169:
1156:European Association of Urology
4991:Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
3968:10.12688/f1000research.16356.1
3918:10.1002/14651858.CD002239.pub4
3872:10.1002/14651858.CD008709.pub4
3827:10.1002/14651858.CD001754.pub5
3724:10.1002/14651858.CD012457.pub2
3626:10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub4
3306:10.1002/14651858.CD001756.pub6
3210:10.1002/14651858.CD012390.pub2
3114:10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2
3033:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
2710:10.1002/14651858.CD003505.pub5
2612:10.1002/14651858.CD012337.pub2
1972:10.1002/14651858.CD004462.pub4
1497:
1436:
1393:
1375:
1350:
1325:
1062:
1048:, preventing leakage from the
790:or radiologically viewing the
691:
426:neurogenic bladder dysfunction
391:nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
187:intrinsic sphincter deficiency
13:
1:
4996:Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
4455:Hiltibran et al v. Levy et al
4417:. CBC Radio One. Pirate Radio
4342:National Institutes of Health
4193:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02519-x
4040:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00232-8
3263:10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70180-2
3066:Chelsea (September 4, 2012).
2442:Armstrong C (February 2019).
1932:"Pathophysiology of Polyuria"
1930:Maddukuri G (December 2022).
1852:"Urinary Incontinence in Men"
1318:
1270:Hiltibran et al v. Levy et al
1227:
871:
648:
217:Pelvic floor muscles in women
177:incompetence and may include
27:Uncontrolled leakage of urine
4812:Lower urinary tract symptoms
4632:Patient-centered information
4147:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001505
3407:Neurourology and Urodynamics
3151:Neurourology and Urodynamics
3068:"How to Use Vaginal Weights"
3002:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584
2762:"Treatment for Incontinence"
2560:10.1080/01443610410001722590
1756:10.3109/00016349.2010.526188
1361:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
1151:artificial urinary sphincter
995:Absorbent products (include
862:
568:
447:
393:. Polyuria generally causes
313:benign prostatic hyperplasia
151:pelvic floor muscle training
127:due to an overactive bladder
7:
3455:Annals of Internal Medicine
2847:Annals of Internal Medicine
2475:Annals of Internal Medicine
2401:Annals of Internal Medicine
1618:National Institute on Aging
1572:Annals of Internal Medicine
1296:
1287:
1160:stress urinary incontinence
733:. Please help Knowledge by
668:overactive bladder syndrome
534:
529:overactive bladder syndrome
517:stress urinary incontinence
431:Overactive bladder syndrome
335:Stress urinary incontinence
329:overactive bladder syndrome
309:overactive bladder syndrome
281:overactive bladder syndrome
249:Stress urinary incontinence
223:stress urinary incontinence
181:, poor bladder compliance,
10:
5178:
4413:O'Reilly T (8 June 2017).
4306:Graham J (July 29, 2014).
4107:10.3310/nihrevidence_51255
3675:10.6061/clinics/2016(02)08
2661:10.1007/s11606-019-05028-0
2017:10.1152/physrev.00038.2003
1236:
1186:
1094:
968:
546:
472:involve a balance between
404:Neurogenic disorders like
387:central diabetes insipidus
317:bladder outlet obstruction
5157:Aging-associated diseases
5059:
5029:Non-gonococcal urethritis
5014:
4954:
4921:
4847:
4804:
4778:
4715:
4684:
4555:
4477:
4181:Obstetrics and Gynecology
3380:American Family Physician
2947:Journal of Women's Health
2448:American Family Physician
2304:10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7
2227:"Functional incontinence"
452:
257:pelvic support structures
227:urge urinary incontinence
160:
62:
57:
48:
40:
35:
5082:Retroperitoneal fibrosis
5001:Vesicointestinal fistula
3250:Journal of Physiotherapy
2265:10.1001/jama.246.12.1339
2083:World Journal of Urology
1387:medicaldictionaryweb.com
1256:in the 1980s with actor
1203:
241:tissue will demonstrate
208:
5077:Urinary tract infection
4617:considered for deletion
4241:10.1093/ageing/26.5.367
3461:(12): 861–74, W301-10.
2203:"Overflow Incontinence"
2139:Urology Care Foundation
1898:10.1186/1471-2490-14-99
767:Functional incontinence
361:
319:, a dysfunction of the
279:, a condition known as
4834:Extravasation of urine
4441:www.olmsteadrights.org
3781:Davey M (2017-08-31).
3583:(inactive 2024-08-01).
3581:10.23970/ahrqepccer212
1814:(inactive 2024-08-01).
1812:10.23970/ahrqepccer212
1263:
1252:aggressively marketed
1146:
1024:
1012:Intermittent catheters
981:
735:rewriting this section
582:
544:
440:, caffeine intake and
347:prostate brachytherapy
327:), eventually causing
300:
286:
218:
183:urethral hypermobility
103:health care. The term
91:, is any uncontrolled
5006:Vesicoureteral reflux
4969:Interstitial cystitis
4365:10.1002/9781118814789
2959:10.1089/jwh.2018.7140
2005:Physiological Reviews
1144:
1105:overflow incontinence
1022:
976:
674:Overflow incontinence
596:Other tests include:
576:
542:
294:
273:athletic incontinence
216:
179:detrusor overactivity
137:Overflow incontinence
89:involuntary urination
44:Involuntary urination
5152:Urinary incontinence
5114:Urinary incontinence
5072:Obstructive uropathy
4984:Hemorrhagic cystitis
4723:Urinary incontinence
4623:Urinary incontinence
4592:Urinary incontinence
2517:"Bladder retraining"
2384:on 22 November 2010.
1194:pelvic floor muscles
878:pelvic floor therapy
737:with your own words.
590:physical examination
502:pelvic floor muscles
81:Urinary incontinence
36:Urinary incontinence
18:Urinary Incontinence
4748:Post-void dribbling
1830:Also available at:
1444:"Medicinewise News"
1313:Stress incontinence
1278:incontinence briefs
963:breathing exercises
834:Coital incontinence
828:Post-void dribbling
807:Giggle incontinence
658:Stress incontinence
543:Voiding dysfunction
414:Parkinson's disease
353:can all damage the
149:Treatments include
131:Stress incontinence
5041:Urethral stricture
4946:Ureteric stricture
4743:Nocturnal enuresis
4674:Signs and symptoms
4556:External resources
2378:The Female Patient
2095:10.1007/BF02202011
1308:Fecal incontinence
1147:
1125:Urodynamic testing
1025:
990:Collecting systems
982:
930:electrostimulation
907:electrostimulation
818:fecal incontinence
798:Nocturnal enuresis
783:obstetric fistulas
713:close paraphrasing
681:Mixed incontinence
583:
545:
510:urethral sphincter
494:urethral sphincter
422:spinal cord injury
406:multiple sclerosis
379:primary polydipsia
355:urethral sphincter
301:
219:
175:urethral sphincter
143:Mixed incontinence
109:nocturnal enuresis
5139:
5138:
5051:Urethral caruncle
5036:Urethral syndrome
4880:
4879:
4770:Urinary retention
4601:
4600:
4265:BJU International
4034:(11): 1150–1157.
3419:10.1002/nau.23429
3343:BJU International
3163:10.1002/nau.24984
2906:10.1111/cob.12450
2760:Beaumont Health.
2259:(12): 1339–1340.
2207:Michigan Medicine
1749:(12): 1511–1522.
1517:978-88-470-5441-7
1477:Ghosh AK (2008).
1332:Ackley B (2010).
1056:Vaginal pessaries
1001:incontinence pads
763:
762:
755:
685:urinary retention
664:Urge incontinence
579:urinary retention
381:(excessive fluid
375:diabetes mellitus
304:Urge incontinence
297:prostatic urethra
269:Caesarean section
125:Urge incontinence
87:), also known as
78:
77:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5169:
4913:Diseases of the
4907:
4900:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4733:Diurnal enuresis
4707:Vesical tenesmus
4676:relating to the
4667:
4660:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4620:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4159:
4149:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4022:
4013:
4012:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3970:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3929:
3912:(12): CD002239.
3897:
3888:
3887:
3878: 10604512.
3866:(10): CD008709.
3855:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3413:(3): 1169–1175.
3402:
3396:
3395:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3300:(12): CD001756.
3285:
3279:
3278:
3265:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3204:(12): CD012390.
3189:
3183:
3182:
3157:(6): 1258–1269.
3145:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:on 29 March 2013
3063:
3057:
3056:
3028:
3022:
3021:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2917:
2894:Clinical Obesity
2885:
2879:
2878:
2859:10.7326/m13-2410
2841:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2798:(8): 1177–1191.
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2766:www.beaumont.org
2757:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2704:(12): CD003505.
2689:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2655:(8): 1615–1625.
2640:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2523:. Archived from
2513:
2507:
2506:
2487:10.7326/M18-0225
2470:
2464:
2463:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2413:10.7326/M18-0595
2395:
2386:
2385:
2380:. Archived from
2369:
2363:
2362:
2352:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2106:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1900:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1805:
1796:
1777:
1776:
1758:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1584:10.7326/M18-3227
1566:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1450:. Archived from
1448:NPS MedicineWise
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1408:. Guts UK. 2018.
1407:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1357:Venes D (2013).
1354:
1348:
1347:
1329:
1117:prophylactically
951:abdominal muscle
919:bladder training
758:
751:
747:
744:
738:
724:
704:
703:
696:
486:detrusor muscles
155:bladder training
93:leakage of urine
53:
33:
32:
21:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5055:
5046:Meatal stenosis
5010:
4950:
4917:
4911:
4881:
4876:
4862:Brewer infarcts
4843:
4800:
4774:
4711:
4680:
4671:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4551:
4550:
4486:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4353:
4349:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4304:
4300:
4261:
4257:
4220:
4216:
4177:
4173:
4140:(8): e1001505.
4126:
4122:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4023:
4016:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3947:
3943:
3898:
3891:
3856:
3852:
3821:(1): CD001754.
3807:
3800:
3791:
3789:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3718:(3): CD012457.
3704:
3700:
3655:
3651:
3620:(7): CD003881.
3606:
3602:
3586:
3585:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3451:
3442:
3403:
3399:
3376:
3372:
3335:
3331:
3286:
3282:
3242:
3235:
3190:
3186:
3146:
3139:
3108:(7): CD002114.
3094:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3064:
3060:
3029:
3025:
2986:
2982:
2943:
2939:
2886:
2882:
2842:
2829:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2754:
2739:
2735:
2690:
2686:
2641:
2637:
2606:(9): CD012337.
2592:
2583:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2527:on 1 March 2012
2515:
2514:
2510:
2471:
2467:
2440:
2436:
2396:
2389:
2370:
2366:
2333:
2329:
2284:
2280:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2079:
2075:
2036:
2032:
2001:
1997:
1966:(2): CD004462.
1952:
1945:
1928:
1924:
1877:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1848:
1837:
1817:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1780:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1644:Brain Pathology
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1567:
1563:
1540:
1533:
1518:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1299:
1290:
1266:
1239:
1230:
1214:prostate cancer
1206:
1189:
1172:
1097:
1065:
1030:(also known as
971:
915:Kegel exercises
891:
874:
865:
759:
748:
742:
739:
728:
722:Copyvios report
720:
705:
701:
694:
651:
571:
551:
537:
525:detrusor muscle
506:detrusor muscle
468:Continence and
459:urinary bladder
455:
450:
395:urinary urgency
364:
323:(muscle of the
321:detrusor muscle
289:
277:detrusor muscle
259:as a result of
211:
203:stool impaction
173:dysfunction or
163:
97:quality of life
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5175:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5020:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4974:Hunner's ulcer
4971:
4960:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4910:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4678:urinary system
4670:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4583:
4572:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4537:
4526:
4511:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:Classification
4471:
4470:External links
4468:
4465:
4464:
4446:
4428:
4405:
4399:978-3540222255
4398:
4380:
4373:
4347:
4324:
4312:New York Times
4298:
4271:(9): 760–766.
4255:
4234:(5): 367–374.
4228:Age and Ageing
4214:
4187:(1): 149–156.
4171:
4120:
4085:
4053:
4014:
3992:
3941:
3889:
3850:
3798:
3773:
3761:Lieff Cabraser
3747:
3698:
3649:
3600:
3560:
3536:
3512:
3488:
3440:
3397:
3386:(2): 369–376.
3370:
3349:(2): 241–247.
3329:
3280:
3256:(3): 159–168.
3233:
3184:
3137:
3085:
3058:
3023:
2996:(6): 485–493.
2980:
2953:(4): 490–501.
2937:
2880:
2853:(6): 429–440.
2827:
2778:
2752:
2733:
2684:
2635:
2581:
2554:(5): 534–538.
2538:
2508:
2481:(5): 311–319.
2465:
2434:
2407:(5): 320–328.
2387:
2372:Karlovsky ME.
2364:
2343:(161): 1–379.
2327:
2298:(6): 901–912.
2278:
2243:
2218:
2194:
2169:
2150:
2126:
2089:(5): 268–274.
2073:
2046:(2): 298–307.
2030:
2011:(3): 935–986.
1995:
1943:
1922:
1868:
1835:
1778:
1729:
1704:
1692:www.auanet.org
1679:
1650:(3): 325–336.
1630:
1605:
1578:(7): 465–479.
1561:
1531:
1516:
1496:
1489:
1464:
1435:
1411:
1392:
1374:
1367:
1349:
1342:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1265:
1262:
1250:Kimberly-Clark
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1205:
1202:
1188:
1185:
1171:
1168:
1096:
1093:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1035:
1016:
1009:
993:
979:foley catheter
970:
967:
898:incontinence.
890:
887:
873:
870:
864:
861:
860:
859:
849:
831:
825:
810:
804:
801:
795:
775:ectopic ureter
771:
761:
760:
708:
706:
699:
693:
690:
689:
688:
678:
671:
661:
650:
647:
635:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
570:
567:
547:Main article:
536:
533:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
434:
428:
402:
368:
363:
360:
288:
285:
263:, childbirth,
210:
207:
162:
159:
147:
146:
140:
134:
128:
76:
75:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5174:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5092:Bladder stone
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4915:urinary tract
4908:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4374:9781118814789
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:PLOS Medicine
4131:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4099:NIHR Evidence
4096:
4089:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:F1000Research
3952:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3894:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
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3842:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
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3812:
3805:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3669:(2): 94–100.
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3565:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2915:10044/1/89229
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:(4): e12450.
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2233:on 2008-07-23
2232:
2228:
2222:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2104:2027.42/47055
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1490:9781420067514
1486:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:on 2012-06-30
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1370:
1368:9780803629776
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1343:9780323071505
1339:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:adult diapers
1251:
1246:
1244:
1243:Ebers Papyrus
1234:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:urinary tract
1201:
1199:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1164:prostatectomy
1162:in men after
1161:
1157:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:smooth muscle
1078:
1074:
1070:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:adult diapers
1002:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
986:
980:
977:Example of a
975:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
940:
937:
933:
931:
925:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
886:
883:
879:
869:
857:
856:prostatectomy
853:
850:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
792:vaginal vault
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:
764:
757:
754:
746:
736:
732:
726:
723:
718:
714:
709:This section
707:
698:
697:
686:
682:
679:
675:
672:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
655:
654:
646:
643:
638:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
597:
594:
591:
586:
580:
575:
566:
563:
559:
555:
550:
541:
532:
530:
526:
521:
518:
515:For example,
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
366:
365:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Prostatectomy
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
298:
293:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
206:
204:
200:
199:hydrocephalus
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
158:
156:
152:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
5113:
5109:Malakoplakia
5097:Kidney stone
5087:Urolithiasis
4872:Mathe's sign
4867:Lloyd's sign
4722:
4610:
4585:
4574:
4563:
4539:
4528:
4513:
4490:
4460:793 U.S.
4454:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4408:
4389:
4383:
4356:
4350:
4333:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4311:
4301:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4098:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4072:
4031:
4027:
4008:
3995:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3909:
3905:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3818:
3814:
3790:. Retrieved
3787:the Guardian
3786:
3776:
3765:. Retrieved
3759:
3750:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3552:. Retrieved
3548:
3539:
3528:. Retrieved
3524:
3515:
3504:. Retrieved
3500:
3491:
3458:
3454:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3275:
3253:
3249:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3154:
3150:
3105:
3101:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3061:
3036:
3032:
3026:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2850:
2846:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2603:
2599:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2520:
2511:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2404:
2400:
2382:the original
2377:
2367:
2340:
2330:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:the original
2221:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2163:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1963:
1959:
1937:Merck Manual
1935:
1925:
1888:
1884:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1719:. 2017-10-23
1716:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1682:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1547:
1506:
1499:
1479:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1447:
1438:
1427:. Retrieved
1401:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1358:
1352:
1333:
1327:
1291:
1269:
1267:
1258:June Allyson
1247:
1240:
1231:
1218:
1216:treatments.
1207:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:Epidemiology
1148:
1135:Laparoscopic
1133:
1129:
1121:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1069:fesoterodine
1066:
983:
947:Paula method
944:
941:
934:
926:
923:
900:
896:
892:
882:periurethral
875:
866:
846:masturbation
749:
740:
710:
652:
639:
636:
595:
587:
584:
564:
560:
556:
552:
522:
514:
476:closure and
467:
456:
410:spina bifida
351:radiotherapy
333:
302:
247:
220:
164:
148:
118:
88:
84:
80:
79:
5102:Renal colic
4936:Ureterocele
4857:Addis count
4697:Renal colic
4565:MedlinePlus
3589:cite report
3039:(1): 4–13.
2182:MedlinePlus
1885:BMC Urology
1820:cite report
1245:(1500 BC).
1113:antibiotics
1073:tolterodine
1063:Medications
1038:Penis clamp
1026:Indwelling
936:Biofeedback
911:biofeedback
852:Climacturia
838:penetration
822:levator ani
692:Other types
631:Urodynamics
613:Blood tests
601:Stress test
470:micturition
113:stigmatized
41:Other names
5146:Categories
5024:Urethritis
4979:Trigonitis
4941:Megaureter
4931:Ureteritis
4587:Patient UK
4541:DiseasesDB
4317:August 23,
3792:2018-05-10
3767:2018-05-10
3554:2019-08-05
3530:2019-08-05
3506:2019-08-05
3078:10 October
2771:19 October
2743:DrugTopics
2454:(3): 194.
2237:2008-08-29
2212:2020-05-08
2188:2021-03-31
2144:2020-05-08
1723:2020-05-08
1697:11 January
1458:2013-09-24
1429:2016-12-05
1383:"Enuresis"
1319:References
1280:funded by
1077:oxybutynin
953:training,
872:Management
814:defecation
788:vaginogram
649:Main types
625:Cystoscopy
619:Ultrasound
607:Urinalysis
442:depression
73:gynecology
4849:Eponymous
4827:frequency
4615:is being
4576:eMedicine
4115:251785991
4078:23 August
3549:Drugs.com
3525:Drugs.com
3501:Drugs.com
3179:249545181
3018:204703488
2932:233869987
1891:(1): 99.
1526:863638540
1268:The case
1198:pregnancy
1046:sphincter
1028:catheters
863:Screening
816:known as
743:July 2024
731:talk page
711:contains
569:Diagnosis
490:sphincter
482:urination
448:Mechanism
399:frequency
261:pregnancy
231:menopause
191:infection
101:geriatric
64:Specialty
5129:Overflow
4964:Cystitis
4817:Nocturia
4796:Polyuria
4786:Oliguria
4763:Overflow
4738:Giggling
4728:Enuresis
4608:template
4581:med/2781
4293:23650548
4285:11412210
4209:33743756
4201:12517660
4166:24015113
4048:11106889
3987:31448082
3961:: 1294.
3936:31821550
3884:37888839
3845:31990055
3742:35349162
3693:26934239
3644:28738443
3483:29778547
3475:22711079
3427:29053886
3392:10670503
3365:20950307
3324:25517397
3272:23896331
3228:29271482
3171:35686543
3132:23836411
3053:17233772
3010:31609735
2975:58590966
2967:30575448
2924:33955687
2875:15004955
2867:25222388
2822:19575724
2749:(2): 24.
2728:26630349
2679:31062225
2630:36053030
2576:10473508
2568:15369935
2503:51971188
2495:30105353
2460:30702263
2429:51972975
2421:30105360
2359:18457475
2322:23436035
2164:UptoDate
2121:12952663
2068:43806356
2025:15269341
1990:30706461
1917:25515968
1856:UptoDate
1773:18385231
1765:21050146
1674:15446589
1623:18 March
1600:83458685
1592:30884526
1556:22624162
1297:See also
1288:Research
1282:Medicaid
1228:Children
779:Fistulas
642:efficacy
549:Enuresis
535:Children
478:detrusor
474:urethral
383:drinking
371:Polyuria
239:urethral
235:estrogen
195:polyuria
167:urologic
105:enuresis
5060:Any/all
5016:Urethra
4956:Bladder
4822:urgency
4716:Control
4692:Dysuria
4535:D014549
4421:10 June
4250:9351481
4157:3754889
3978:6676503
3927:6903454
3836:7027385
3733:8962651
3684:4760362
3663:Clinics
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