MONUSCO - Knowledge

1871: 1576:, brought their commands together for evaluation. As a result, the MONUC civilian and military teams in North Kivu "implemented a number of reforms that drastically improved the performance of peacekeepers and were hailed as a model for other peacekeeping missions." Reforms included the creation of joint protection teams comprising military and police personnel and civil affairs, human rights, and child protection staff operating from the UN's forward bases; a mobile-phone based early warning system, in which community members were provided with devices to alert peacekeepers of unrest; community alert networks that allowed for bases to be contacted around the clock; Community Liaison Assistants (CLAs), an expanded role for Congolese translators to also act as community monitors and information gatherers; an emphasis on civilian outreach; increased foot patrols; and deployment of 30–35 troop standing combat units to areas deemed vulnerable. 166: 1914: 9199: 9481: 2407: 9431: 9341: 553: 9698: 3059: 9224: 9709: 4274: 2532: 2494: 1603:" would help to prevent the atrocities that continue to be committed against civilians on an ever greater scale here in North Kivu , on the border of Rwanda and Uganda... Since August 28, fighting has intensified in many areas, causing deaths, rapes, lootings, forced recruitment and further displacements of civilian populations. The population has thus been immersed in unspeakable suffering. In the last few days, fighting has drawn closer to large populated areas, such as the town of Goma. Fighting has also invaded and torn apart the region of 4085: 9657: 1809: 1178: 3005: 2610: 3086: 40: 8397: 9238: 2789: 9671: 9613: 9170: 8445: 3113: 9421: 49: 2027: 1761: 4247: 2513: 3842: 1832:, opposed this proposal. Rwandan delegation informed the UN Security Council that Monusco would be a "belligerent" if it deployed drones in eastern DRC. Other diplomats, including Russian, Chinese, and some from Europe, also expressed reservations. They said there were unanswered questions about who would receive the information from the drones and how widely it would be disseminated, expressing discomfort at the idea of the United Nations becoming an active gatherer of intelligence. 9214: 4139: 2320:—the first multiparty election in the DRC since 1960—peaceful and orderly. MONUC troops began patrolling areas of eastern DRC after armed clashes broke on 5 August following the chaotic collection of election results. The UN command is also arranging different training programs and competitions in Congo for both Congo and international forces. A similar shooting competition was held between troops from all international forces and was won by a Pakistani infantry battalion. 3545: 4031: 4004: 2924: 2629: 9491: 9118: 9291: 9301: 9104: 2762: 3491: 3248: 3383: 3302: 4355: 3788: 3599: 3167: 2897: 4112: 3761: 2978: 2551: 9401: 9311: 4220: 4166: 3707: 3410: 2870: 2570: 9091: 4301: 3950: 3896: 3626: 3140: 2735: 2437: 1463: 9511: 9471: 9371: 9599: 9589: 9501: 2686: 4193: 3977: 3437: 4328: 3734: 3518: 3329: 2843: 9644: 9351: 9331: 9321: 9271: 3680: 3653: 3464: 3275: 3194: 2816: 2591: 2456: 9551: 9531: 9451: 9441: 2475: 3815: 3572: 3032: 4058: 9623: 9579: 9569: 9541: 9521: 9461: 9411: 9391: 9281: 9261: 3869: 2951: 3923: 3221: 2648: 9361: 3356: 9685: 1560:

replacement a week prior – and the peacekeepers later said they had no idea the massacre was taking place until it was over. Lt. Col. H. S. Brar, commander of the Indian peacekeepers at Kiwanja summarized the failure as the result of "poor communication and staffing, inadequate equipment, intelligence breakdowns and spectacularly bad luck." In its report on the massacre,

9381: 1369: 7494: 1129:, the Security Council authorized the increase of military personnel to 8,500. The principle of two independent intervention forces – civilian and military – was also approved. MONUC was tasked to support the voluntary disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration and resettlement (DDRRR) process, without the use of force. 1057:. In July 2001, the force strength was of 2,366 soldiers, including 363 military observers distributed across 22 cities, and 28 teams monitoring the disengagement of forces. The contingent soldiers totaled 1,869. They came from South Africa, Uruguay, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia. Guard units protected MONUC installations in 1001:, the UN Security Council authorized MONUC to take the necessary action, in the areas of deployment of its infantry battalions, to protect UN personnel, facilities, installations and equipment, ensure the security and freedom of movement of its personnel, and to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence. 1110:, which was again open to commercial traffic. In June 2002 the UN troops' total number was 3,804. Contingents from Ghana and Bolivia joined the force, of which more than a third of the soldiers were Uruguayan. More than one thousand soldiers were deployed in Kisangani. On 14 May 2002, a military observer died near 2316:. The FNI killed another Nepali peacekeeper and took seven captive in May 2006. Two of the seven were released in late June and the UN was trying to secure the release of the remaining five. By November 2005, MONUC consisted of 16,561 uniformed troops. On 30 July 2006, MONUC forces were charged with keeping the 4449:

MONUC officials say nothing of substance about mining in Congo, which proceeds in parallel with the bloodletting, arms trading and extortion. For example, Anvil Mining has been involved in massacres in DRC. Anvil directors include former U.S. Ambassador Kenneth Brown, who served at U.S. embassies in

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As of 31 August 2011 MONUSCO forces included 19,084 uniformed personnel, out of which 16,998 were military personnel, 743 were military observers and 1,343 were police (including formed units). In addition the forces included 983 international civilian personnel, 2,828 local civilian staff

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announced that it would send around 1,325 soldiers from the Egyptian Army to support the UN mission in Congo. Egypt also announced that it will send a police force to help in protecting the UN mission in Congo. The Egyptian armed force will work to give support and technical advice to the Congo Army

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called for establishing and deploying a temporary multi-national force to the area until the weakened MONUC mission could be reinforced. In his second special report to the Security Council, the UN Secretary General proposed a reorientation of MONUC missions: to provide support to the transition and

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Numerous DDRRR operations in collaboration with the civilian component were conducted in the beginning of 2003. Before the start of the transition, UN soldiers were deployed along the front lines. A vast redeployment to the East started. The four coordination centres and 22 bases in the western part

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was appointed as the commander of MONUSCO's military force. The mandate was to monitor the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement and the redeployment of belligerent forces, to develop an action plan for the overall implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement, to work with the parties to obtain the

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About US$ 8.74 billion was spent to fund the MONUC peacekeeping effort during 1999 to 2010. As of October 2017, the total strength of UN peacekeeping troops in DRC is approximately 18,300. More than thirty nations have contributed military and police personnel for peacekeeping effort, with

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rapidly escalated in an effort to protect the local population. A MONUC helicopter that was restocking the 20 troops stationed there fell under gunfire from armed men. The helicopter crew, all of Russian nationality, facilitated the evacuation of 25 people, including 5 injured people (including the

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beside operating armed mission in the conflict zones and medical assistant and support. According to the Foreign affairs in Cairo, Egypt will send a Mechanized Unit, Special Forces, Field Engineers, and Paratroops. Egypt already has a small unit in Congo consisting of 13 policemen and 23 observers.

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In August 2008, an internal investigation led by the Indian Army and other MONOU officers revealed that about ten Indian peacekeepers may have been involved in abuse and exploitation in Congo. Earlier in May 2008, the vice chief of the Indian Army visited Congo to look into these allegations and by

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was launched on 12 June and the IMEF completed its deployment in the following three weeks. The force was successful in stabilising the situation in Bunia and enforcing the UN presence in the DRC. In September 2003, responsibility for the security of the region was handed over to the MONUC mission.

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and George H.W. Bush and Director of Central African Affairs (1980–1981). Interestingly, Brown succeeded William Lacy Swing—head of MONUC in DRC—as Ambassador to the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Meanwhile, the former top internal intelligence and security chief of the United Nations Observer's

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emerged in late July amidst accusations by Congolese politicians and civilians of failing to take action to end the Kivu conflict within the country. The protestors demanded that MONUSCO leave the country. On 26 July, fifteen people were killed and 50 others were injured as UN peacekeepers opened

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called the situation "absurd", noting MONUSCO's greatly superior numbers, and called for the group's mandate to be revised. UN spokesman Eduardo del Buey said peacekeepers "cannot substitute" for the Congo national army, adding that the 1,500 UN troops in Goma held their fire because they did not

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In accordance with Security Council resolution 1925 of 28 May 2010, MONUC was renamed as of 1 July the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) to reflect the new phase reached in the country. In August 2010, the Mai Mai rebels ambushed a

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A UN base was situated less than 1 mi (1.6 km) from Kiwanja and over 100 Indian peacekeepers were present at the time of the attacks but the forces lacked basic intelligence capabilities – no one in the base spoke the necessary languages, as their interpreter had been reassigned without

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combed through Kiwanja, searching out boys and men – who they accused of collaborating with the Mai Mai – and executing them on the spot. Older members of the community, both men and women, were also murdered and a large number of women were raped and assaulted. By the end of 5 November, over 150

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In March 2009, the Indian Army questioned more than 100 Indian troops deployed in DRC regarding the abuse allegations against them. After a thorough investigation, which included examination of statements by alleged victims, the Indian Army found "serious irregularities" in charges raised by the

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On 30 July 2013, the March 23 Movement was given a 48-hour ultimatum by the UN to leave Goma area or face "use of force." Between 21 and 29 August, heavy fighting outside Goma left 57 rebels, 10–23 government soldiers, 14 civilians and one Tanzanian UN peacekeeper dead. Seven-hundred and twenty

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into the deal. Following its own investigations, the UN concluded that there was no involvement of Pakistani peacekeeper in any such trade relationship. Namely Human Rights Watch harshly criticized the UN for the way it handled the investigation, providing detailed information from several UN

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The initial UN presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, before the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1291, was a force of military observers to observe and report on the compliance on factions with the peace accords, a deployment authorised by the earlier

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In May 2005, the UN Secretary General asked for a supplementary brigade for Katanga. Joint operations were conducted by the newly arrived integrated brigades of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC). UN troops were tasked with the support of the electoral process,

4538: 1847:, North Kivu and is made up of a total of 3,069 peacekeepers. It is tasked with neutralizing armed groups, reducing the threat posed to State authority and civilian security and to make space for stabilization activities. The first Brigade was composed of three battalions, one each from 1714:. The 500 MONUC troops will come from the Ghanaian, Tunisian and Egyptian contingents as well as troops from the Guatemalan Special Forces. Military equipment such as armored personnel carriers, transport and combat helicopters will also be at their disposal to support their mission. 1623:." However, it did not extend MONUC's mandate in the Congo, which was set to expire at the end of 2008. The decision was made despite the rebel commitment to pulling back from the front lines and allowing aid to reach the thousands of people still isolated, according to aid groups. 1564:

largely supported Brar's assessment but further observed that competing priorities from headquarters in Goma shifted focus to "assuring the security of humanitarian workers, a foreign journalist, and a group of military observers, rather than protecting the civilian population."

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In 2002, the 450 military observers, split in 95 teams, continued to monitor the Ceasefire along the ex-frontlines. The teams also investigated violations of the Ceasefire. Foreign troops continued to leave the country. The riverine units escorted the first ships on the

1282:. A military observer was killed. The 1,000 MONUC troops could only protect their own installations. Demonstrations were held all over the country and UN troops opened fire on looters in Kinshasa. MONUC soldiers were again targeted by Ituri militia at the end of 2004. 1212:(EU) -led mission with France as the framework nation providing the bulk of the personnel and complemented by contributions from both EU and non-EU nations. The total force consisted of about 1,800 personnel and was supported by French aircraft based at airfields in 1744:

In May 2011, the international cooperation minister of DRC expressed his government's desire of an "orderly, progressive withdrawal" of MONUSCO due to "normalization" of DRC's relations with neighboring countries and containment of rebels to a "few isolated zones."

6427: 1417:, and appointed Lieutenant General Karlheinz Viereck (Germany) Operation Commander and Major General Christian Damay (France) EU Force Commander. The Operational Headquarters was the German-nominated Armed Forces Operational Command – Einsatzführungskommando – at 1618:

On 20 November, the UN voted unanimously to send 3,085 more peacekeepers, citing "extreme concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation and in particular the targeted attacks against civilian population, sexual violence, recruitment of child soldiers and

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air medical evacuation team were also deployed. The deployed troops were only to protect the sites against looting and theft, the force had neither the mandate nor the strength to protect the civilian population, or even to extract MONUC personnel. Following

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At the weekly MONUC press conference of 16 December 2009, it was announced by MONUC spokesperson Madnodje Mounoubai that the first MONUC peacekeeping troops were deployed in Dongo, where a temporary operational basis is functional, as well as in nearby

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However, a week after the UN vote, the DRC government requested the UN to not deploy any more Indian troops in the east of the country, arguing that there was a need to "redress the balance" of the make-up of the 17,000-strong UN force in the country.

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There have been numerous cases of sexual misconduct by UN peacekeeping forces in the Congo. This has been acknowledged by the UN itself (such as the letter of 24 March 2005 from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly).

975:. In January 2000 they reached the number of 79 and they were spread over the whole territory of DRC. Their mission was to liaise with all the warring factions, give a technical assistance and prepare the deployment of military observers. 1531:

On 29 October 2008, a French request for an EU reinforcement of 1,500 troops was refused by several countries and appeared unlikely to materialize; however, the UN forces stated they would act to prevent takeovers of population centres.

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battalion and join the peace-keeping effort in the Congo. India made the decision to send its elite forces amidst rising concerns that Indian peace-keepers were getting caught in the cross-fire between DRC government troops and rebels.

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province, after the Uruguayan battalion deployed in the region fled. However, after that several Uruguayan battalions were playing a crucial role in the buffer zone between the retreating government soldiers and the advancing rebels.

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which resulted in the deaths of 15 UN peacekeepers and 5 Congolese soldiers killed. 53 UN peacekeepers were also wounded. At least 12 of the dead UN peacekeepers were Tanzanians. It is suspected that the attackers were rebels of the

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On 24 February 2000 with the resolution 1291, the UN Security Council authorized the deployment of a maximum of 5537 military personnel in the DRC, including 500 military observers. On 4 April 2000 the Senegalese Major General

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On 1 March 2005, a vast cordon and search operation in Ituri was conducted by Nepalese, Pakistani and South African Infantry elements with the support of Indian attack helicopters, between 50 and 60 militiamen were killed.

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were engaged in a four hour firefight with LRA rebels, ending with the deaths of eight Guatemalans and fifteen rebels. They are believed to have been conducting a raid on an LRA encampment to capture LRA Deputy Commander

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documents, arguing that serious allegations of wrongdoing by Pakistani peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo were ignored, minimized or shelved by the UN’s Organization of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS).

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In December 2000 there were 224 military personnel deployed, including 148 observers in thirteen points around the country. The observers could only record the non-application of the Ceasefire, the violent fighting at

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for use as a base to launch attacks. This occurred after a peace treaty failed, with the resultant fighting displacing thousands. The park was taken due to its strategic location on a main road leading to the city of

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of "conscripting and enlisting children under the age of fifteen years and using them to participate actively in hostilities." The Congolese national authorities transferred Lubanga to ICC custody on 17 March 2006.

8824: 1615:, as they would be able to deploy soldiers sooner, working as a "bridging force" until the UN reinforcements arrived. British EU spokeswoman Catriona Little stated that they were "not ruling in or out EU forces". 2334:

The UN has recorded a total of 161 fatalities among MONUC personnel, up to 1 July 2010, as follows: 100 military personnel, 10 military observers, 6 UN police, 12 international civilians, and 30 local civilians.

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in camps and the civilians in the town. UNSCR 1493 authorized an increase of military personnel to 10,800, imposed an arms embargo, and authorized MONUC to use all necessary means to fulfill its mandate in the

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in eastern provinces of DRC. US, UK and some other Security Council members were also supportive of the idea. However, Rwanda, which had denied allegations by UN experts that it has been supporting the

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Even though the beginning of 2001 was still hampered by sporadic combat, the military observers could fulfill their mission in regards with the disengagement of forces and the withdrawal of some of the

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In June 2011, the UN announced that it would withdraw about 2,000 peace-keepers by the end of the month. The UN announcement came only a few days after India's decision to withdraw all of its four

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in June 2014, the UN announced it would send MONUSCO peacekeeping troops to the area to protect the population. "These violent acts are unacceptable and need to stop immediately," said Kobler.

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operations improved the security conditions in Ituri but, at the same time, the peacekeepers became the target of the militias. On 12 February 2004, a military observer was killed in Ituri.

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In February 2005, nine Bangladeshi UN troops were killed during an ambush in Ituri. The actions of the Ituri and Kivu Brigades became more robust and the pressure rose on all armed groups.

10205: 7916: 1595:, asked the UN to send 3,000 more peacekeepers to reinforce the 17,000-strong garrison in the Congo, the largest garrison of its kind. This echoed calls from Human Rights Watch and other 344: 9151: 7876: 1017:

provinces as well as the presence of foreign troops in the DRC. The deployment of UN troops was impossible due to the security situation and the reluctance of the Congolese government.

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The first liaison officers arrived in the DRC on 3 September 1999. In November 1999 the number of liaison officers totaled 55, distributed in the capitals of the warring countries (

473: 9959: 6745: 4898: 1333:, Kinshasa. Lubanga was accused of having ordered the killing of the peacekeepers in February 2005 and of orchestrating continuous insecurity in the area. On 10 February 2006, the 10210: 8504: 7457: 6657: 6346: 1082:, the military observers, within their capacities, could also contribute to the voluntary disarmament, demobilization, repatriation and reintegration process of the armed groups. 332: 9616: 8865: 8753: 7573: 7161: 5999: 1299:

improving border security through regional confidence-building mechanisms, such as the Joint Verification Mechanism, and effective patrolling and monitoring of the arms embargo;

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In November 2003, a total of 10,415 peacekeepers were in the DRC, comprising infantry units, engineer units, helicopter units, logistic units, medical units and riverine units.

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Mampilly, Zachariah (2014). "Indian peacekeeping and the performance of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo". In Wyss, Marco; Tardy, Thierry (eds.).

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release of all prisoners of war, military captives and the return of the remains, to facilitate humanitarian assistance and to assist the Facilitator of the National Dialogue.

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The withdrawal of 7,000 Ugandan troops in April 2003 led to a deteriorating security situation in the Ituri Province, endangering the peace process. The UN Secretary General

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were used in an effort to halt the advance of the rebels, who claimed to be within 7 miles (11 km) of Goma. Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for DRC

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and the nature of the mission of the peacekeepers changed. The military observers monitored the withdrawal of 20,000 Rwandan soldiers, but they also noted the rise of

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By 2005, the strength of UN peacekeeping forces in Congo reached more than 16,000 troops, split almost equally between the Western Brigade and the Eastern Division.

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after the national army retreated. MONUSCO troops observed without intervening, as their mandate only allowed them to protect civilians. French Foreign Minister

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groups in the region, who were also asking for reinforcements to bring stability to the area. In a shared statement, the coalition of organizations stated that

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Ugandan rebels ambushed a MONUSCO convoy about 7 miles (11 km) from Beni, killing two Tanzanian soldiers. Four other peacekeepers were reported missing.

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In October 2005, by Resolution 1635, the UN Security Council authorized a temporary increase of 300 military personnel to permit a deployment to Katanga.

1089:, the Security Council launched the third phase of the deployment of MONUC troops, in the eastern DRC. The site for the logistical base was planned to be 8836: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7906: 7800: 7422: 5902: 532: 354: 2011:, DRC. The mission views the DRC as consisting of 6 sectors, each with its own staff headquarters. In 2005-6 the Eastern Division however was formed at 9434: 8190: 7871: 7749: 7328: 7274: 7191: 7107: 7092: 5718: 267: 221: 10185: 9647: 9464: 9324: 8883: 8877: 8859: 8326: 7469: 7186: 2641: 396: 340: 204: 4617: 9788: 9038: 8995: 8936: 8812: 7744: 7524: 7016: 6982: 6903: 6720: 5474: 5445: 5354: 1840: 1656: 1568:

In the immediate aftermath of the Kiwanja Massacre, the recently-appointed civilian and military heads of the UN peacekeeping force in North Kivu,

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The approved budget for MONUC, from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008, is US$ 1.16 billion, the largest for any current UN peacekeeping operation.

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On 4 November 2008, a 200-fighter strong Mai Mai militia force launched a surprise attack on CNDP troops in Kiwanja, a CNDP-controlled town near

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Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.

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In September 2003, the Ituri brigade was in place, including soldiers from Uruguay, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, India and Morocco.

10028: 9947: 9582: 9001: 8717: 8681: 7568: 7474: 6965: 6894: 1289:, authorized a reinforcement of 5,900 military personnel and defined the mandate with the strategic military objectives of the MONUC force as: 359: 5505: 9664: 9264: 9055: 8830: 8657: 8633: 8575: 8232: 7996: 7509: 7504: 7479: 7343: 7166: 7117: 6994: 6970: 6738:"Over Five Million Dead in Congo? Fifteen Hundred People Daily? Behind the Numbers Redux: How Truth is Hidden, Even When it Seems to Be Told" 6609: 6210: 6051: 5928: 4680: 9602: 8723: 8411: 7632: 6490: 1271:

It was decided that the troops present in the Kivus will be assembled under the unified command of a brigade. In March the Nigerian General

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to maintain security in key areas of the country. Accordingly, he proposed the creation of a brigade in Ituri to support the peace process.

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Rwandan soldiers infiltrated by Rwanda, with the Kabila government's support, into the national army, the Armed Forces of the DRC (FARDC).

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authorized the deployment of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force (IEMF) in Bunia with a task to secure the airport and protect both

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COUNCIL JOINT ACTION 2006/319/CFSP of 27 April 2006 on the European Union military operation in support of the UN Mission in the Congo

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explained the necessity of engaging the rebels, stating that "... can't allow population centres to be threatened... had to engage."

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authorized the deployment of an intervention brigade within MONUSCO to carry out targeted offensive operations, with or without the

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Brussels, Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville and South Africa. Brown was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Africa (1987–1989) under

1962:, North Kivu. The same day, three peacekeepers and seven civilians were killed during an attack on a MONUSCO base by protesters in 1711: 5690: 1494:

On 27 October 2008 riots began around the United Nations compound in Goma, and civilians pelted the building with rocks and threw

9739: 9716: 9354: 8587: 7102: 6955: 6885: 6633: 5643: 5623: 4951: 1663: 1592: 557: 5684: 1166:. In the same month an observer died in a mine explosion. In May 2003 two military observers were savagely killed by a militia. 9903: 9166: 9028: 8705: 8651: 8645: 7734: 7657: 7514: 7489: 6934: 6774:

The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding"', Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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announced that it would be sending an additional 850 troops and four combat helicopters to aid the MONUC peacekeeping effort.

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In addition, the following nations have contributed with police personnel: Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,

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Growing military conflict in DRC caused the United Nations to seek additional military help from major powers. In July 2003,

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In October 2009, India announced a US$ 263 million aid package to Congo to help the country's information technology,

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was appointed force commander in March 2005 after Spanish General Vincente Diaz de Villegas resigned for personal reasons.

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The origin of this second United Nations military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is found in the

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In 2007 and 2008, in several news and TV reports, the BBC published own evidence about Pakistani MONUC peacekeepers in

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On 15 November, MONUSCO helicopter gunships were deployed to support government forces as they fought to hold off a

9861: 9065: 8273: 7442: 4418: 2344: 2324: 1996: 1948: 1285:

Though the Secretary General had asked for an increase of 13,100 soldiers, in October 2004 the Security Council by

1031: 626: 4655: 9494: 9474: 8912: 8800: 8029: 7447: 7432: 7001: 6977: 6158:"Secretary-General Appoints Maman Sambo Sidikou of Niger Special Representative for Democratic Republic of Congo" 5059: 4589: 2383: 2298: 1974:

called for investigations as to whether the cable was shot by Congolese security forces or MONUSCO peacekeepers.

1588: 1584: 630: 116: 6513:"MONUSCO Leadership – United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo" 1655:

and railway sectors. India also renewed its military commitments to MONUC while Congo expressed its support for

9821: 9688: 9198: 7627: 7151: 7087: 6989: 4488: 2347:, 1,011 police, who were supported by 931 international civilian personnel, 2,062 local civilian staff and 585 2327:, 1,011 police, who were supported by 931 international civilian personnel, 2,062 local civilian staff and 585 2135: 1986: 1138:

of the country were shut down. Over one hundred observers were redeployed and Uruguayan contingents arrived in

500: 5898: 9897: 8441: 8321: 8239: 8160: 8118: 8078: 8006: 7687: 7612: 7597: 6926: 4939: 1475: 5846: 5788: 5715: 5180: 4455:

Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) has been worked for Anvil mining in Katanga since 2006.

1010: 8227: 8088: 6858: 1970:

were killed by electrocution after soldiers shot an electric cable which fell on them. South Kivu governor

1699: 1466:

Indian peacekeepers on duty, protecting aid workers. India was the single largest contributor of personnel.

1334: 1201:

and also in North and South Kivu, as it deemed the additional provinces to be within MONUC's capabilities,

5132: 9953: 9364: 8453: 7303: 7122: 5358: 2162: 1773: 1326: 1193: 622: 70: 7462: 6717: 5470: 5441: 2015:

and took over brigades in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri, along with two or three of the Sector HQs.

9227: 9207: 9202: 8098: 8061: 8056: 7642: 7390: 7062: 6950: 6512: 5996:"International News | World News - ABC News | Casualties as Congo and UN Forces Fight Rebels" 5975: 937: 129: 4625: 1221: 10175: 10051: 7831: 7817: 7705: 7348: 7253: 7236: 6907: 4412: 2348: 2328: 2158: 1510: 618:

Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo

9480: 9192: 6838: 5497: 2698: 2406: 10045: 8123: 8108: 7693: 6823: 6786: 6602: 6047: 5924: 1936: 1896: 1569: 9731: 9430: 6482: 1939:(ADF). This brought the total casualties of UN forces since the mission commenced in Congo to 93. 10165: 9340: 9108: 8068: 6851: 2387: 2343:

On 31 October 2007 MONUC had a total of 18,407 uniformed personnel, including 16,661 troops, 735

1860: 1824: 1823:

told the UN Security Council during a closed-door session that the mission plans to deploy three

1607:, particularly in the town of Kiwanja, where hundreds of civilian deaths have now been recorded." 1392: 1038: 4688: 2351:. As of June 2022, major troop contributors, in order of total number of military personnel are 2323:

Total strength, on 31 October 2007 was 18,407 uniformed personnel, including 16,661 troops, 735

1782:

attack south of Kibumba; the combined army and UN assault killed approximately 64 M23 fighters.

1293:

proactively contributing to the pacification and general improvement of security in the country;

9855: 9826: 8155: 7617: 7338: 6572: 5289: 1884: 1856: 1691: 697: 9697: 6769: 4601: 2386:

voted unanimously to reinforce MONUC with 3,085 more peacekeepers to deal with trouble in the

1971: 9815: 9075: 9070: 9043: 8382: 8354: 8346: 8143: 8041: 7754: 7196: 6917: 6785:

Joshua Kucera, "Rough Ride: UN Forces face Tough Challenges restoring stability in the DRC",

1954: 1483: 9223: 8185: 2297:

In July 2004 there were 10,531 UN soldiers under MONUC's command. On 1 October 2004, the UN

1471:

August 2008, the Indian Army had launched an official probe to look into these allegations.

1239:

announced that it would be sending an additional 300 personnel and combat aircraft from the

10110: 9843: 9798: 9701: 9174: 9060: 8372: 8336: 8331: 8283: 8014: 7263: 6048:"United Nations News Centre - DR Congo: UN chief deplores killing of Tanzanian peacekeeper" 5206: 2423: 1931: 1322: 1027: 8104:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

6074: 6022:"International News | World News - ABC News | Rebels Declare Ceasefire in Congo" 5950: 4441:(FNI) militia leaders, eventually drawing Congolese army officers and Indian traders from 8: 9849: 8073: 3415: 2449: 1903: 1671: 1556:

civilians had been killed in Kiwanja in what has since been dubbed the Kiwanja Massacre.

1540: 605:

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

6889: 676:

The following nations (in alphabetical order) have contributed with military personnel:

214: 9941: 8205: 6341: 5411: 5326: 5294: 5268: 2665:

As of 31 March 2022, the total number of personnel in the mission is 14,789:

1848: 1604: 1561: 1431:

contributing to the protection of civilians under imminent threat of physical violence;

249: 1752:

combat helicopters from MONUSCO and eventually cease peace-keeping operations in DRC.

8215: 8170: 8150: 8035: 7805: 7699: 7637: 7437: 6898: 6807: 6793: 6792:

Miller, Eric, "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma," 2010.

6775: 5758: 5256: 5246: 1930:

On 8 December 2017, the Semuliki operating base, 27 miles from the town of Beni, was

1829: 1779: 1620: 1536: 1506: 1357:

contributing protection and transport. In Ituri over 15000 militiamen were disarmed.

1329:, and other militia leaders were arrested by Congolese authorities and imprisoned in 1258: 1228: 1205: 9708: 5111: 4895:"Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate - Democratic Republic of the Congo" 4768: 1535:

In November 2008, India announced that it would be sending the 3rd battalion of the

10075:

National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy

9804: 9792: 9767: 9656: 7771: 7711: 7681: 7363: 7057: 6542: 6157: 6131: 5872: 4478: 2525: 1843:, against armed groups that threaten peace in eastern DRC. The brigade is based in 1836: 1652: 1648:. Consequently, all of the accused personnel were let off due to lack of evidence. 1596: 1587:. The resolution, signed by 44 different organizations and with the backing of the 1495: 1451: 1240: 1094: 1014: 642: 2694: 919:(1999). UNSCR 2556 (2020) provides the authority for the current MONUSCO mandate. 9763: 9122: 7134: 6724: 6705: 6686: 6640: 6463: 6301: 6236: 5982: 5753: 5722: 4958: 4935: 4800: 4560: 2430: 2308:

On 25 February 2005, nine Bangladeshi peacekeepers were killed by members of the

2116: 2061: 1874:

A team of technicians prepares for the inaugural flight of the UAV, December 2013

1765: 1729: 1395:

and the Guatemalan public, who demanded an official inquiry into the engagement.

1125:. At the end of 2002 there were a total of 4,200 UN soldiers in the DRC. Through 1118: 990: 8396: 6833: 6679: 6456: 5925:"Tanzanian troops arrive in eastern DR Congo as part of UN intervention brigade" 5380: 5081: 4832: 10124: 9670: 9612: 9237: 9178: 8450: 6874: 6654:"Last batch of Tanzanian troops now in Goma for the Force Intervention Brigade" 4773: 4468: 4406: 4252: 3118: 2622: 2518: 2487: 2313: 2154: 1808: 1790: 1675: 1612: 1552: 1498:, claiming that the UN forces had done nothing to prevent the RCD advance. The 1479: 1414: 1403: 1279: 1209: 1198: 1177: 1159: 1122: 865: 721: 667:

Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo

654: 646: 236: 39: 9420: 5553: 2301:

decided to deploy 5,900 more soldiers to Congo, although UN Secretary-General

10154: 5762: 5260: 4872: 4739:"Operation Artemis: The Lessons of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force" 4473: 4451: 4279: 2584: 2563: 2537: 2499: 2468: 2026: 1907: 1820: 1687: 869: 650: 48: 6698: 6268:"Islamist attack kills at least 15 UN peacekeepers and five soldiers in DRC" 1208:

had already shown interest in leading the operation. It soon broadened to a

9908: 9678: 9213: 8401: 8278: 8138: 7139: 6839:

Foreign Policy: Prime numbers – Soldiers of Misfortune -Mai/June 2009 issue

4036: 4009: 2929: 2634: 2419: 2364: 2171: 2097: 1918: 1388: 1350: 1213: 837: 705: 104: 9490: 4402:

International civilian employees and volunteers, and DRC nationals: 2,636

1413:

The European Council approved the launching of the EU military operation,

944:

of 6 August 1999, authorizing the deployment of a maximum of 90 officers.

10016: 10007: 8367: 8181:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

6402:"Two officers arrested over DR Congo crackdown as death toll rises to 56" 5527: 4974: 4421: 4090: 3847: 3091: 2394:, petitioned the council to send reinforcements to stabilize the region. 1760: 1733: 1680: 1573: 1520: 1307: 1107: 849: 793: 757: 9117: 6211:"Fourteen UN peacekeepers killed in Democratic Republic of Congo attack" 5645:

Alan Doss meets the Russian crew of a MONUC helicopter attacked in Dongo

1785:

On 20 November 2012, 23 March Movement seized the provincial capital of

1502:

also retreated under pressure from the rebel army in a "major retreat."

1296:

providing support for conflict resolution in politically volatile areas;

9712: 9674: 9660: 9300: 9290: 8268: 7333: 6716:

Human Rights Watch: UN: Tackle Wrongdoing by Peacekeepers, May 1, 2008

4716: 4647: 3496: 3253: 2767: 2603: 2360: 2302: 1524: 1425:

supporting and providing security to MONUC installations and personnel;

1170: 1151: 1143: 903:, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Sweden, Switzerland, 900: 681: 123: 9400: 6102:"Dispute over cows leaves 37 dead, 20 others injured in eastern Congo" 2693:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1659:. These developments helped thaw relations between the two countries. 9510: 9484: 9470: 9370: 6718:

https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/05/01/un-tackle-wrongdoing-peacekeepers

4805: 4434: 3388: 3307: 2506: 2372: 2262: 2012: 1702:. Along with RDF regulars, MONUC troops have been fighting alongside 1514: 1338: 1182: 1066: 1050: 1006: 841: 749: 741: 9350: 9330: 9320: 9310: 9270: 6182: 5749:"India's withdrawal of helicopters from Congo points to wider trend" 2410:

Ukraine aviation unit flight reconnaissance mission over North Kivu.

1462: 142: 9761: 9598: 9588: 9550: 9530: 9500: 9450: 9440: 7258: 7246: 6337:"At least 15 killed as anti-UN protests spread in eastern DR Congo" 4837: 4360: 4117: 3793: 3766: 3604: 3550: 3172: 2983: 2902: 2556: 2352: 2256: 2250: 2008: 1548: 1383: 1302:

gathering and analysing military and other information on spoilers.

1058: 1054: 972: 968: 964: 892: 853: 809: 805: 781: 773: 709: 92: 88: 9643: 9622: 9578: 9568: 9540: 9520: 9460: 9410: 9390: 9280: 9260: 1382:

In late January, a group of 80 Guatemalan Special Forces from the

10181:

United Nations operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

10099: 9360: 8176:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

6843: 6374: 5407:"A Plea from Local Organizations and Civil Society in North Kivu" 5211: 4306: 4225: 4171: 3955: 3901: 3712: 3631: 3145: 2875: 2794: 2740: 2575: 2480: 2442: 2376: 2274: 2268: 2101: 2083: 2065: 1991:

In August 2023, protesters clashed with soldiers in a protest in

1963: 1523:

personnel were asked to deploy themselves from Goma to adjoining

1418: 1217: 1062: 1046: 1042: 960: 956: 873: 861: 857: 829: 821: 801: 785: 753: 725: 693: 685: 677: 612: 4711: 1977:

In September, Ukraine withdrew its 250 troops from the mission.

1686:

Sources in Kinshasa reported that in mid-November DRC President

9990: 9912: 9454: 8794: 8782: 7323: 7241: 7211: 7176: 5813: 5133:

Uruguay officials travel to assess troops in Congo — MercoPress

4333: 4198: 4063: 3982: 3928: 3874: 3739: 3523: 3442: 3334: 3226: 3010: 2956: 2848: 2653: 2615: 2186: 2139: 1867:

government soldiers and ten UN peacekeepers were also wounded.

1330: 1278:

In June 2004, Bukavu, South Kivu was occupied by rebel general

1266:

Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

1147: 1139: 952: 948: 908: 896: 881: 845: 833: 825: 817: 769: 761: 733: 713: 701: 9962:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001) 5322:"Killings in Kiwanja: The UN's Inability to Protect Civilians" 18:

United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

10104: 9984: 9394: 8788: 7221: 6370:"Four civilians electrocuted during Congo anti-U.N. protests" 5150:"UN peacekeepers braced for full-scale war in central Africa" 4442: 3685: 3658: 3469: 3361: 3280: 3199: 3064: 2821: 2596: 2461: 2368: 2356: 2286: 2280: 2120: 1967: 1921:(on right) in Kalemie in 2021, observing COVID-19 precautions 1749: 1703: 1695: 1667: 1636: 1447: 1236: 1155: 1111: 1090: 877: 797: 789: 765: 745: 737: 729: 717: 689: 9684: 6302:"Ukraine troops leave DR Congo peacekeeping mission Monusco" 6183:

Joe Sterling; Robyn Kriel; Eric Levenson (8 December 2017).

5001:"Thousands flee fighting as Congo rebels seize gorilla park" 10206:

1999 establishments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9891: 5789:"UN defends failed attempt to halt capture of Congo's Goma" 5686:

Equateur: An extra 500 MONUC troops being deployed to Dongo

5604: 4144: 3820: 3577: 3037: 1992: 1959: 1951:, Ukraine withdrew its aviation unit of eight helicopters. 1786: 1488: 1070: 904: 888: 813: 777: 6428:"Exclusive: Mgwebi's term as MONUSCO force commander ends" 5243:

Peacekeeping in Africa: The Evolving Security Architecture

1368: 659:

United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo

6468: 4437:

had entered in a gold-for-guns trading relationship with

1391:. The incident caused a significant uproar from both the 27:

UN peacekeeping force in Democratic Republic of the Congo

10161:

Military history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9380: 6678:

BBC News: UN troops 'traded gold for guns' 23 May 2007,

6132:"Tanzanian UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo near Beni" 5847:"Congo rebels seize eastern city as U.N. forces look on" 2602:

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General:

2583:

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General:

10211:

Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Nations

2414:

The names of the MONUSCO command staff are as follows:

1611:

Local groups in the Congo also requested help from the

5625:

Equateur: New interdisciplinary MONUC mission in Dongo

4612: 4610: 1579:

On 18 November, a draft resolution spearheaded by the

1406:

force to support MONUC during the period encompassing

645:, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the 6099: 5666:

Belgian Paratroopers To Crush Rising Congo Rebellion?

5554:"Egypt to send more than 1,325 peacekeepers to Congo" 1114:

following the explosion of a mine under his vehicle.

8134:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

8084:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

6295: 6293: 5814:

Jeffrey Gettleman and Josh Kron (20 November 2012).

5442:"Britain, France push for more U.N. troops in Congo" 5135:. Falkland-malvinas.com. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 4952:

Indian Army aviators head for Congo on UN deployment

4743:

United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

1646:

United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services

1450:

announced that it would be sending an additional 70

5951:"NGOs concerned about new DRC Intervention Brigade" 5495: 5355:"More peacekeepers won't bring peace to Congo – UN" 5207:"Gurkhas to join Indian troops in Congo U.N. force" 4607: 1966:. On 27 July, four protesters at a MONUSCO base in 1337:(ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Lubanga for the 8191:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 5181:"Congo rebels reach Goma edge, declare cease-fire" 1398:On 25 April 2006, the UN Security Council adopted 1117:On 30 July 2002, the different parties signed the 9648:International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia 8327:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 6735: 6368:Kyala, Crispin; Bujakera, Stanis (27 July 2022). 6290: 5985:. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 5352: 4703: 4675: 4673: 1764:Members of Uruguayan Riverine Company patrolling 1662:In December, MONUC rushed peacekeeping troops to 1438:This mission came to an end on 30 November 2006. 1243:to strengthen the UN peacekeeping effort in DRC. 10171:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 10152: 5346: 2390:. They voted after 44 organizations, led by the 1073:, and Mbandaka. A Uruguayan riverine unit and a 157:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 10105:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 9985:National Union for Total Independence of Angola 8301:World Federation of United Nations Associations 7796:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 6697:BBC Panorama: Mission Impossible, 28 Apr 2008, 5498:"Extra 3,100 UN troops to be deployed to Congo" 5436: 5434: 2292: 1428:contributing to airport protection in Kinshasa; 942:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1258 10029:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 5976:UN gives ultimatum to DR Congo rebels – Africa 4670: 4583: 1410:in the DR Congo, which began on 30 July 2006. 10196:Pakistan military presence in other countries 9747: 9152: 9056:United Nations Department of Peace Operations 8427: 6859: 6680:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6681457.stm 6367: 5716:DR Congo calls on UN to withdraw peacekeepers 5290:"A Massacre in Congo, Despite Nearby Support" 5281: 4604: (1999) Retrieved 6 September 2008. 1815:during a training exercise in Sake, July 2013 584: 10015:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the 8196:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 5740: 5431: 5030:"Protesters attack U.N. HQ in eastern Congo" 5024: 5022: 4712:"Europeans call for more UN troops in Congo" 2422:was appointed to lead MONUSCO and to be the 2030:Locations of MONUC units as of December 2009 1402:, authorising the temporary deployment of a 1045:. The force was deployed in four sectors at 923:India being the single largest contributor. 616: 6643:. Kitekinto.hu. Retrieved 4 September 2013. 5662: 5600:"India announces $ 263-mn credit for Congo" 5594: 5592: 5489: 5236: 5234: 5056:"U.N. gunships battle rebels in east Congo" 1434:evacuation operations in case of emergency. 1257:Deploying the Ituri brigade and conducting 641:(2000) to monitor the peace process of the 558:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal 9754: 9740: 9159: 9145: 8434: 8420: 8289:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 8201:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 6866: 6852: 6634:Magyar katonák küzdelme afrikai hadurakkal 6075:"SA snipers kill Congo rebels | eNCA" 5844: 5571:"Congo abuse: Army clean chit to soldiers" 5399: 4801:"DRC: India, Pakistan to Send More Troops" 591: 577: 10013:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda 5689:, MONUC, 16 December 2009, archived from 5648:, MONUC, 12 December 2009, archived from 5628:, MONUC, 24 November 2009, archived from 5616: 5465: 5463: 5373: 5245:. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. 5048: 5019: 4640: 2660: 1804:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade 1482:seized a major military camp, along with 999:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter 10186:United Nations Security Council mandates 7718:Conference on International Organization 6699:http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00b4d3j 6425: 5735:U.N. peacekeepers start Congo withdrawal 5589: 5496:Angela Balakrishnan (20 November 2008). 5287: 5240: 5231: 5204: 5143: 5141: 4969: 4967: 2405: 2025: 1912: 1869: 1807: 1759: 1461: 1421:, Germany. The mission was tasked with: 1367: 1176: 9979:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement 9944:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) 7633:Office international d'hygiène publique 6603:"UN Mission's Contributions by Country" 6299: 5873:"DR Congo M23 rebels 'enter Goma city'" 5865: 5816:"Congo Rebels Seize Provincial Capital" 5807: 4525: 4523: 2007:The headquarters of the mission are in 1679:helicopter pilot), who were brought to 1657:India's UNSC permanent seat candidature 14: 10153: 7428:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 6615:from the original on 13 September 2018 6312:from the original on 25 September 2022 6081:from the original on 24 September 2015 5931:from the original on 28 September 2013 5663:Harmon Snow, Keith (7 December 2009), 5565: 5563: 5460: 5353:Louis Charbonneau (18 November 2008). 5058:. CNN. 28 October 2008. Archived from 5032:. CNN. 24 October 2008. Archived from 2426:'s Special Representative to the DRC. 2243: 9942:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération 9921:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002) 9735: 9140: 8415: 8342:UN television film series (1964–1966) 8094:International Narcotics Control Board 8025:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 7813:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 7784:Convention on the Rights of the Child 7762:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6847: 6748:from the original on 30 November 2021 6736:Keith Harmon Snow (30 January 2008). 6523:from the original on 14 February 2015 6331: 6329: 6327: 6265: 6247:from the original on 16 November 2018 6191:from the original on 17 November 2018 6100:Crispin Kyalangalilwa (7 June 2014). 6028:from the original on 1 September 2013 5905:from the original on 14 December 2013 5899:"Rwanda opposes use of drones in DRC" 5853:from the original on 21 November 2012 5826:from the original on 20 November 2012 5795:from the original on 29 November 2012 5769:from the original on 20 December 2020 5746: 5704:3 Indian peacekeepers killed in Congo 5577:from the original on 27 February 2023 5508:from the original on 4 September 2013 5387:from the original on 20 November 2008 5200: 5198: 5147: 5138: 4964: 4901:from the original on 7 September 2018 4484:United Nations Operation in the Congo 971:) including 24 who were stationed in 10058:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 9936:Movement for the Liberation of Congo 9415:United Nations Special Service Medal 9218:United Nations Emergency Force Medal 8166:United Nations Postal Administration 7801:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 7520:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 6660:from the original on 3 December 2013 6493:from the original on 15 October 2011 6300:Cyuzuzo, Samba (19 September 2022). 6278:from the original on 22 October 2018 6237:"UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo" 6217:from the original on 8 December 2017 6164:from the original on 4 December 2016 6066: 6054:from the original on 5 November 2013 5879:from the original on 5 December 2012 5697: 5477:from the original on 9 December 2008 5448:from the original on 9 December 2008 5288:Polgreen, Lydia (11 December 2008). 5178: 5148:Philp, Catherine (30 October 2008). 5088:from the original on 28 October 2008 5007:from the original on 27 October 2008 4813:from the original on 20 October 2012 4520: 4439:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 4428: 2679: 2621:Force Commander: Lieutenant General 2310:Nationalist and Integrationist Front 2217:Ricardo Augusto Ferreira Costa Neves 1859:with the Brigade being commanded by 1454:personnel to join the MONOU effort. 1275:took over the command of the force. 53:MONUSCO deployment in September 2019 10191:Military operations involving India 7569:Permanent representatives to the UN 7458:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 6185:"15 UN peacekeepers slain in Congo" 6138:from the original on 9 January 2016 6014: 6002:from the original on 28 August 2013 5560: 5381:"Congo rebels 'to withdraw troops'" 5205:Majumdar, Bappa (7 November 2008). 5082:"UN joins battle with Congo rebels" 4981:from the original on 9 January 2016 4975:"UN probes India 'abuses' in Congo" 4793: 4781:from the original on 9 January 2016 4710:Pop, Valentina (19 November 2008). 4709: 2338: 2021: 629:(DRC) which was established by the 515:in Democratic Republic of the Congo 24: 8378:Withdrawal from the United Nations 7564:Security Council Permanent members 6873: 6763: 6324: 6160:. United Nations. 8 October 2015. 6040: 5988: 5957:from the original on 8 August 2014 5534:from the original on 13 March 2013 5195: 5179:Faul, Michelle (29 October 2008). 4833:"DR Congo rebel faces Hague trial" 4648:"Security Council Resolution 2348" 4571:from the original on 19 April 2009 4541:from the original on 1 August 2021 2261:Sector 2 and Eastern Division HQ: 1835:In March 2013, the United Nations 1690:secretly airlifted a battalion of 940:on 17 July 1999 and the following 25: 10222: 10201:United Nations Military Observers 10023:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 8363:United Nations in popular culture 8047:Expulsion from the United Nations 7992:General Assembly President (2016) 6817: 6583:from the original on 30 June 2019 6457:"Two DR Congo peacekeepers freed" 6382:from the original on 27 July 2022 6349:from the original on 26 July 2022 5608:, 29 October 2009, archived from 5573:. Indian Express. 13 March 2009. 5528:"DR Congo declines Indian troops" 4658:from the original on 25 June 2022 2675: Troop Contributions (Total) 1819:In January 2013 chief of MONUSCO 1683:for emergency medical treatment. 1306:Following the UN resolution, the 1123:ethnic violence in Ituri Province 895:, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Ghana, 10025:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) 9707: 9696: 9683: 9669: 9655: 9642: 9621: 9611: 9597: 9587: 9577: 9567: 9549: 9539: 9529: 9519: 9509: 9499: 9489: 9479: 9469: 9459: 9449: 9439: 9429: 9419: 9409: 9399: 9389: 9379: 9369: 9359: 9349: 9339: 9329: 9319: 9309: 9299: 9289: 9279: 9269: 9259: 9236: 9222: 9212: 9197: 9168: 9116: 9103: 9102: 9089: 9066:United Nations Military Observer 8443: 8395: 6553:from the original on 9 July 2021 6426:Helfrich, K. (25 January 2018). 6266:Burke, Jason (8 December 2017). 6112:from the original on 8 June 2014 6072: 5725:, Radio Netherlands, 18 May 2011 5706:, Times of India, 19 August 2010 5471:"U.N. condemns Congo atrocities" 5419:from the original on 4 July 2022 5334:from the original on 4 July 2022 5302:from the original on 4 July 2022 5219:from the original on 4 July 2022 5160:from the original on 29 May 2010 4845:from the original on 3 July 2015 4535:United Nations Secretary-General 4353: 4326: 4299: 4272: 4245: 4218: 4191: 4164: 4137: 4110: 4083: 4056: 4029: 4002: 3975: 3948: 3921: 3894: 3867: 3840: 3813: 3786: 3759: 3732: 3705: 3678: 3651: 3624: 3597: 3570: 3543: 3516: 3489: 3462: 3435: 3408: 3381: 3354: 3327: 3300: 3273: 3246: 3219: 3192: 3165: 3138: 3111: 3084: 3057: 3030: 3003: 2976: 2949: 2922: 2895: 2868: 2841: 2814: 2787: 2760: 2733: 2684: 2646: 2627: 2608: 2589: 2568: 2549: 2530: 2511: 2492: 2473: 2454: 2435: 2401: 1997:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1087:Security Council Resolution 1376 665:, an acronym of its French name 627:Democratic Republic of the Congo 551: 164: 47: 38: 9894:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) 9175:Orders, decorations, and medals 9090: 7951:International Court of Justice 7500:Sport for Development and Peace 6729: 6710: 6691: 6672: 6646: 6627: 6595: 6573:"Troop and police contributors" 6565: 6535: 6505: 6475: 6450: 6419: 6394: 6361: 6259: 6229: 6203: 6176: 6150: 6124: 6093: 5969: 5943: 5927:. United Nations. 10 May 2013. 5917: 5891: 5845:Jonny Hogg (20 November 2012). 5838: 5781: 5728: 5709: 5677: 5656: 5636: 5546: 5520: 5314: 5172: 5126: 5100: 5074: 4993: 4961:, 17 May 2007 – 8:46:52 am 4945: 4922: 4913: 4887: 4857: 4825: 4652:United Nations Security Council 4590:United Nations Security Council 4501: 2384:United Nations Security Council 2002: 1585:United Nations Security Council 657:. The mission was known as the 631:United Nations Security Council 10111:White Legion (First Congo War) 7628:Permanent Court of Arbitration 7623:International Peace Conference 6990:International Court of Justice 5875:. BBC News. 20 November 2012. 4761: 4745:. October 2004. Archived from 4731: 4687:. 30 June 2010. Archived from 4553: 4489:2023 DRC anti-MONUSCO protests 2136:Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz 1987:2023 DRC anti-MONUSCO protests 1932:engaged in a protracted attack 403:Recent and upcoming elections 13: 1: 9898:Rally for Congolese Democracy 8161:Sustainable Development Goals 7688:Declaration by United Nations 7613:International Telegraph Union 5791:. Reuters. 21 November 2012. 5747:Lynch, Colum (14 June 2011). 5273:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4940:Council of the European Union 4871:. 1 July 2006. Archived from 4514: 2640:Police Commissioner: Général 2232:Marcos de Sá Affonso da Costa 1794:want to risk civilian lives. 1476:Rally for Congolese Democracy 1373: 1181:An IDP camp around a base in 493:Ministry for Foreign Affairs 9960:Front de Libération du Congo 9950:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) 8089:International Criminal Court 7525:UN organizations by location 6608:. Page 5, UN. 30 June 2013. 5901:. News 24. 9 December 2013. 5556:. Reuters. 18 February 2009. 4397: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4019: 4016: 4013: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3020: 3017: 3014: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2293:Force numbers and fatalities 1700:United States Africa Command 1335:International Criminal Court 1224:(SSG) group was also added. 1194:internally displaced persons 7: 9954:Union of Congolese Patriots 8223:Security Council veto power 7530:Sexual Violence in Conflict 7453:Economic and Social Affairs 7024:Economic and Social Council 6577:United Nations Peacekeeping 4942:, accessed 13 January 2007. 4769:"Indian Air Force to Congo" 4565:United Nations Peacekeeping 4462: 2305:had asked for some 12,000. 1949:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1774:2012 East DR Congo conflict 1327:Union of Congolese Patriots 623:United Nations peacekeeping 10: 10227: 9228:United Nations Korea Medal 9208:United Nations Peace Medal 9203:Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal 9029:History of UN peacekeeping 8274:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 8099:International Day of Peace 7581:General Assembly Observers 6904:General Assembly President 6050:. un.org. 29 August 2013. 2724:Troops and staff officers 1984: 1801: 1771: 1505:Meanwhile, United Nations 938:Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement 926: 130:Force Intervention Brigade 10141: 10123: 10090: 10081:National Liberation Front 10067: 10038: 10000: 9969: 9928: 9884: 9875: 9836: 9781: 9774: 9635: 9252: 9245: 9234: 9185: 9084: 9021: 8964: 8905: 8846: 8775: 8608: 8601: 8568: 8545: 8528: 8514: 8467: 8460: 8391: 8314: 8005: 7927: 7830: 7818:World Heritage Convention 7727: 7706:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 7668: 7605: 7596: 7542: 7416:General Assembly Building 7389: 7272: 7044: 6943: 6925: 6916: 6881: 6834:Indian Air Force in MONUC 6656:. MONUSCO. 12 June 2013. 5953:. IrinNews. 31 May 2013. 5530:. BBC. 26 November 2008. 5473:. CNN. 20 November 2008. 5444:. CNN. 19 November 2008. 5383:. BBC. 18 November 2008. 5357:. Reuters. Archived from 4957:30 September 2011 at the 4681:"MONUC Facts and Figures" 4413:United Nations Volunteers 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2382:On 20 November 2008, the 2349:United Nations Volunteers 2329:United Nations Volunteers 2185:Maj Gen Bernard Commins ( 1583:was presented before the 1220:, Uganda. A small 80-man 1037:In March 2001, the first 615:based on its French name 501:Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner 136: 122: 110: 98: 84: 76: 66: 58: 46: 37: 10046:Allied Democratic Forces 9713:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal 9702:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal 9127:Updated in November 2023 8124:Military Staff Committee 7463:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 6966:Deputy Secretary-General 6895:Deputy Secretary-General 6134:. BBC News. 6 May 2015. 5737:, The Star, 17 June 2010 5084:. BBC. 27 October 2008. 5003:. CNN. 26 October 2008. 4494: 1937:Allied Democratic Forces 1910:as head of the MONUSCO. 1897:Allied Democratic Forces 1825:unmanned aerial vehicles 1813:Tanzanian special forces 1717: 1570:Hiroute Guebre Sellassie 1372:Czech soldier in MONUC, 1264:With the arrival of the 978: 931: 333:Administrative divisions 10031:(FDLR, created in 2000) 8454:Peacekeeping Operations 8295:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 8257:UN International School 8252:UN Federal Credit Union 8233:Security Council reform 8069:Four Nations Initiative 7997:Security Council (2016) 7840:Security Council vetoes 6971:Under-Secretary-General 6685:17 October 2020 at the 5721:17 October 2012 at the 4977:. BBC. 13 August 2008. 4407:International Employees 2398:and 600 UN volunteers. 2392:French Foreign Ministry 2388:2008 Nord-Kivu conflict 1980: 1942: 1925: 1890: 1878: 1861:James Aloizi Mwakibolwa 1841:Congolese national army 1797: 1755: 1739: 1722: 1630: 1581:French Foreign Ministry 1500:Congolese national army 1457: 1441: 1393:Government of Guatemala 1363: 1313: 1252: 1132: 1100: 1020: 983: 10052:Lord's Resistance Army 9987:(UNITA, in Second War) 9938:(MLC, created in 1998) 9795:/ FARDC, after Mobutu) 9193:Dag Hammarskjöld Medal 8245:Security Council mural 8211:Millennium Declaration 8156:SDG Publishers Compact 7618:Universal Postal Union 4507:Acting Force Commander 2661:Contributing countries 2411: 2031: 1922: 1885:2014 South Kivu attack 1875: 1816: 1769: 1692:Rwandan Defense Forces 1609: 1589:British Foreign Office 1539:regiment to replace a 1467: 1379: 1222:Swedish Special Forces 1185: 1041:guard unit arrived in 698:Bosnia and Herzegovina 617: 544:United Nations Mission 511:Diplomatic missions of 10107:(UNITA, in First War) 9076:Women in peacekeeping 9071:United Nations Police 8383:Women in peacekeeping 8042:Drug control treaties 6787:Jane's Defence Weekly 6723:14 April 2017 at the 6704:17 April 2019 at the 5981:1 August 2013 at the 4934:20 April 2008 at the 2409: 2318:2006 general election 2029: 1958:fire at a protest in 1955:Anti-MONUSCO protests 1947:In March, due to the 1916: 1873: 1811: 1763: 1601: 1484:Virunga National Park 1465: 1408:the general elections 1371: 1227:The operation called 1180: 911:, Ukraine and Yemen. 9801:(FAA, in Second War) 9762:Armed groups in the 9061:United Nations Medal 8337:United Nations Radio 8332:United Nations Medal 8284:University for Peace 8015:Bretton Woods system 7750:governed territories 7495:Developing Countries 7406:Secretariat Building 7275:Specialized agencies 5415:. 18 November 2008. 5330:. 11 December 2008. 4561:"MONUSCO Fact Sheet" 2424:UN Secretary General 1917:The head of MONUSCO 1325:, the leader of the 1323:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo 312:Constitutional Court 71:Peacekeeping mission 10091:Government-aligned, 9846:(FAA, in First War) 9123:Politics portal 8109:International Years 8074:Genocide Convention 7510:Outer Space Affairs 7505:Disarmament Affairs 7470:Safety and Security 7411:Conference Building 7391:Secretariat offices 7036:Trusteeship Council 6789:, 13 September 2006 6770:Séverine Autesserre 6462:8 July 2006 at the 6243:. 8 December 2017. 5673:on 26 December 2009 5114:on 18 November 2016 4897:. 31 January 2006. 4537:. 14 January 2021. 2545:Amos Namanga Ngongi 2450:Maman Sambo Sidikou 2244:Sector headquarters 2202:Elias Martins Filho 2036: 2035:MONUSCO commanders 1972:Théo Ngwabidje Kasi 1904:Maman Sambo Sidikou 1672:Sud-Ubangi District 1541:Sikh Light Infantry 1474:On 26 October 2008 1349:Senegalese General 117:UN Security Council 112:Parent organization 34: 8847:Asia & Pacific 8529:Asia & Pacific 8129:Official languages 7676:London Declaration 7485:Internal Oversight 7475:Palestinian Rights 7047:Funds, programmes, 6639:1 May 2016 at the 6438:on 31 January 2018 6024:. abcnews.go.com. 5998:. abcnews.go.com. 5820:The New York Times 5612:on 21 October 2012 5412:Human Rights Watch 5361:on 5 December 2008 5327:Human Rights Watch 5295:The New York Times 5183:. Associated Press 5062:on 29 October 2008 5036:on 30 October 2008 4809:. 6 October 2004. 2412: 2345:military observers 2325:military observers 2237:23 September 2024 2034: 2032: 1923: 1876: 1817: 1770: 1621:summary executions 1593:Mark Malloch Brown 1562:Human Rights Watch 1468: 1380: 1186: 1119:Pretoria agreement 317:Court of Cassation 32: 10148: 10147: 10119: 10118: 9871: 9870: 9768:Second Congo Wars 9729: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9636:Mandated Missions 9134: 9133: 9017: 9016: 8597: 8596: 8409: 8408: 8240:UN Art Collection 8216:Millennium Summit 8171:UN Block By Block 8151:Ralph Bunche Park 8119:UN laissez-passer 8079:UN Global Compact 8036:Delivering as One 7935:Secretary-General 7826: 7825: 7806:Indigenous Caucus 7700:Tehran Conference 7694:Moscow Conference 7669:Preparatory years 7638:League of Nations 7538: 7537: 7438:Palace of Nations 7140:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 6956:Secretary-General 6899:Amina J. Mohammed 6886:Secretary-General 6812:978-0-595-46896-6 6798:978-3-8383-4027-2 6742:allthingspass.com 4841:. 17 March 2006. 4691:on 26 August 2011 4654:. 31 March 2017. 4429:Criminal activity 4395: 4394: 2706: 2705: 2418:In January 2021, 2379:(nearly 10,000). 2241: 2240: 1902:In October 2015, 1830:March 23 Movement 1780:23 March Movement 1728:base of the 19th 1537:3rd Gorkha Rifles 1511:armoured vehicles 1496:Molotov cocktails 1259:cordon and search 1229:Operation Artemis 1206:French Government 601: 600: 528:Visa requirements 487:Foreign relations 474:Political parties 287:National Assembly 150: 149: 16:(Redirected from 10218: 10176:Second Congo War 9970:Anti-government, 9882: 9881: 9793:Mobuto Sese Seko 9779: 9778: 9756: 9749: 9742: 9733: 9732: 9711: 9700: 9687: 9673: 9659: 9646: 9625: 9615: 9601: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9553: 9543: 9533: 9523: 9513: 9503: 9493: 9483: 9473: 9463: 9453: 9443: 9433: 9423: 9413: 9403: 9393: 9383: 9373: 9363: 9353: 9343: 9333: 9323: 9313: 9303: 9293: 9283: 9273: 9263: 9250: 9249: 9240: 9226: 9216: 9201: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9161: 9154: 9147: 9138: 9137: 9121: 9120: 9106: 9105: 9093: 9092: 8606: 8605: 8465: 8464: 8461:Current missions 8449: 8447: 8446: 8436: 8429: 8422: 8413: 8412: 8402:World portal 8400: 8399: 8306:Biopiracy treaty 7892:Nagorno-Karabakh 7862:Security Council 7845:General Assembly 7772:Human Rights Day 7712:Yalta Conference 7682:Atlantic Charter 7603: 7602: 7559:Founding members 7480:Peace Operations 7364:World Bank Group 7058:Culture of Peace 7049:and other bodies 7002:Security Council 6978:General Assembly 6944:Principal organs 6923: 6922: 6890:António Guterres 6868: 6861: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6733: 6727: 6714: 6708: 6695: 6689: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6650: 6644: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6479: 6473: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6434:. Archived from 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6345:. 26 July 2022. 6333: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6297: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5992: 5986: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5693:on 29 April 2009 5681: 5675: 5674: 5669:, archived from 5660: 5654: 5653: 5652:on 29 April 2009 5640: 5634: 5633: 5632:on 29 April 2009 5620: 5614: 5613: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5467: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5438: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5272: 5264: 5238: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5202: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5145: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5110:. 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Archived from 4614: 4605: 4602:S/RES/1258(1999) 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4527: 4508: 4505: 4479:Second Congo War 4359: 4357: 4356: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4008: 4006: 4005: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3684: 3682: 3681: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3549: 3547: 3546: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3009: 3007: 3006: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2712: 2711: 2688: 2687: 2680: 2674: 2652: 2650: 2649: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2526:William L. Swing 2517: 2515: 2514: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2339:Staff and forces 2299:Security Council 2169: 2046:Force commanders 2037: 2033: 2022:Force commanders 1837:Security Council 1653:hydroelectricity 1635:On 17 February, 1597:humanitarian aid 1478:(RCD) forces of 1452:Indian Air Force 1378: 1375: 1241:Indian Air Force 1188:On 30 May 2003, 1095:Maniema Province 643:Second Congo War 620: 593: 586: 579: 556: 555: 554: 348: 321:Council of State 215:Félix Tshisekedi 168: 152: 151: 146: 145: 143:Official website 132: 62:30 November 1999 51: 42: 35: 31: 21: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10137: 10115: 10092: 10086: 10063: 10034: 9996: 9971: 9965: 9924: 9877: 9867: 9837:Anti-government 9832: 9775:National armies 9770: 9760: 9730: 9721: 9704:for the Balkans 9631: 9241: 9232: 9181: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9135: 9130: 9126: 9115: 9080: 9013: 8960: 8901: 8842: 8771: 8593: 8564: 8541: 8524: 8510: 8456: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8410: 8405: 8394: 8387: 8310: 8001: 7923: 7822: 7723: 7664: 7606:Preceding years 7592: 7545: 7534: 7393:and departments 7392: 7385: 7277: 7268: 7051: 7048: 7040: 6939: 6912: 6877: 6872: 6820: 6804:The peacekeeper 6802:Shabbir Ahsan, 6766: 6764:Further reading 6761: 6751: 6749: 6734: 6730: 6725:Wayback Machine 6715: 6711: 6706:Wayback Machine 6696: 6692: 6687:Wayback Machine 6677: 6673: 6663: 6661: 6652: 6651: 6647: 6641:Wayback Machine 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6571: 6570: 6566: 6556: 6554: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6481: 6480: 6476: 6464:Wayback Machine 6455: 6451: 6441: 6439: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6335: 6334: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6298: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6264: 6260: 6250: 6248: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6181: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6106:Chicago Tribune 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5080: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4965: 4959:Wayback Machine 4950: 4946: 4936:Wayback Machine 4927: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4865:"MONUC History" 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4708: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4679: 4678: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4616: 4615: 4608: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4465: 4431: 4400: 4354: 4352: 4327: 4325: 4300: 4298: 4273: 4271: 4246: 4244: 4219: 4217: 4192: 4190: 4165: 4163: 4138: 4136: 4111: 4109: 4084: 4082: 4057: 4055: 4030: 4028: 4003: 4001: 3976: 3974: 3949: 3947: 3922: 3920: 3895: 3893: 3868: 3866: 3841: 3839: 3814: 3812: 3787: 3785: 3760: 3758: 3733: 3731: 3706: 3704: 3679: 3677: 3652: 3650: 3625: 3623: 3598: 3596: 3571: 3569: 3544: 3542: 3517: 3515: 3490: 3488: 3463: 3461: 3436: 3434: 3409: 3407: 3382: 3380: 3355: 3353: 3328: 3326: 3301: 3299: 3274: 3272: 3247: 3245: 3220: 3218: 3193: 3191: 3166: 3164: 3139: 3137: 3112: 3110: 3085: 3083: 3058: 3056: 3031: 3029: 3004: 3002: 2977: 2975: 2950: 2948: 2923: 2921: 2896: 2894: 2869: 2867: 2842: 2840: 2815: 2813: 2788: 2786: 2761: 2759: 2734: 2732: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2663: 2647: 2645: 2642:Pascal Champion 2628: 2626: 2609: 2607: 2590: 2588: 2569: 2567: 2550: 2548: 2531: 2529: 2512: 2510: 2493: 2491: 2474: 2472: 2455: 2453: 2436: 2434: 2431:Leila Zerrougui 2404: 2341: 2295: 2246: 2157: 2117:Chander Prakash 2062:Mountaga Diallo 2024: 2005: 1989: 1983: 1945: 1928: 1893: 1881: 1806: 1800: 1776: 1766:Lake Tanganyika 1758: 1742: 1730:Kumaon Regiment 1725: 1720: 1633: 1460: 1444: 1400:Resolution 1671 1376: 1366: 1316: 1287:Resolution 1565 1255: 1164:Resolution 1484 1135: 1103: 1023: 991:Mountaga Diallo 986: 981: 934: 929: 633:in resolutions 597: 568: 564:Other countries 552: 550: 538: 537: 519: 507: 489: 479: 478: 468: 450:Gubernatorial: 444: 420: 399: 389: 388: 385: 364: 339: 335: 325: 324: 307: 299: 298: 270: 260: 259: 250:current cabinet 200: 192: 191: 182: 159: 141: 140: 128: 113: 101: 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10224: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10166:Ituri conflict 10163: 10146: 10145: 10142: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10135: 10129: 10127: 10125:United Nations 10121: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10113: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10084: 10078: 10071: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10010: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9994: 9988: 9982: 9975: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9932: 9930: 9929:Uganda-aligned 9926: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9916: 9915:in South Kivu) 9906: 9901: 9895: 9888: 9886: 9885:Rwanda-aligned 9879: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9830: 9824: 9819: 9813: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9785: 9783: 9782:Pro-government 9776: 9772: 9771: 9759: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9736: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9719: 9705: 9694: 9681: 9667: 9653: 9639: 9637: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9619: 9609: 9595: 9585: 9575: 9565: 9547: 9537: 9527: 9517: 9507: 9497: 9487: 9477: 9467: 9457: 9447: 9437: 9427: 9417: 9407: 9397: 9387: 9377: 9367: 9357: 9347: 9337: 9327: 9317: 9307: 9297: 9287: 9277: 9267: 9256: 9254: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9230: 9220: 9210: 9205: 9195: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9179:United Nations 9164: 9163: 9156: 9149: 9141: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9112: 9099: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9049:Latin American 9046: 9041: 9036: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9005: 8999: 8993: 8987: 8981: 8975: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8857: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8721: 8715: 8709: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8631: 8625: 8619: 8612: 8610: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8585: 8579: 8572: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8556: 8549: 8547: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8532: 8530: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8522: 8518: 8516: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8471: 8469: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8451:United Nations 8439: 8438: 8431: 8424: 8416: 8407: 8406: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8352: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8254: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8225: 8220: 8219: 8218: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8065: 8064: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7912:Western Sahara 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7852: 7842: 7836: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7781: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7586:European Union 7578: 7577: 7576: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7550: 7548: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7423:Envoy on Youth 7420: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7397: 7395: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7280: 7278: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7021: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7009: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6987: 6986: 6985: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6908:Dennis Francis 6901: 6892: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6875:United Nations 6871: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6819: 6818:External links 6816: 6815: 6814: 6800: 6790: 6783: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6728: 6709: 6690: 6671: 6645: 6626: 6594: 6564: 6534: 6504: 6474: 6472:, 27 June 2006 6449: 6418: 6393: 6360: 6323: 6289: 6258: 6228: 6202: 6175: 6149: 6123: 6092: 6065: 6039: 6013: 5987: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5890: 5864: 5837: 5806: 5780: 5739: 5727: 5708: 5696: 5676: 5655: 5635: 5615: 5588: 5559: 5545: 5519: 5488: 5459: 5430: 5398: 5372: 5345: 5313: 5280: 5251: 5230: 5194: 5171: 5137: 5125: 5099: 5073: 5047: 5018: 4992: 4963: 4944: 4929:EUFOR RD Congo 4921: 4912: 4886: 4875:on 8 July 2006 4856: 4824: 4792: 4774:BBC World News 4760: 4749:on 5 June 2011 4730: 4702: 4685:United Nations 4669: 4639: 4628:on 23 May 2017 4622:United Nations 4606: 4582: 4552: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4469:Ituri conflict 4464: 4461: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4416: 4410: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4295: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4253:United Kingdom 4241: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3119:Czech Republic 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2704: 2703: 2692: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2638: 2623:Derrick Mgwebi 2619: 2600: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2560: 2541: 2522: 2519:United Kingdom 2503: 2488:Roger A. Meece 2484: 2465: 2446: 2403: 2400: 2340: 2337: 2314:Ituri province 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2155:Derrick Mgwebi 2151: 2150:December 2015 2147: 2146: 2145:December 2015 2143: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2095: 2094:February 2005 2091: 2090: 2089:February 2005 2087: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2023: 2020: 2004: 2001: 1982: 1979: 1944: 1941: 1927: 1924: 1892: 1889: 1880: 1877: 1799: 1796: 1791:Laurent Fabius 1772:Main article: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1738: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1676:a new conflict 1632: 1629: 1613:European Union 1553:Bosco Ntaganda 1480:Laurent Nkunda 1459: 1456: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1415:EUFOR RD Congo 1404:European Union 1365: 1362: 1315: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1280:Laurent Nkunda 1254: 1251: 1210:European Union 1199:Ituri District 1160:Ituri Province 1134: 1131: 1102: 1099: 1053:, Kalemie and 1032:Ugandan forces 1022: 1019: 985: 982: 980: 977: 933: 930: 928: 925: 866:United Kingdom 722:Czech Republic 655:Dongo conflict 647:Ituri conflict 599: 598: 596: 595: 588: 581: 573: 570: 569: 567: 566: 560: 547: 546: 540: 539: 536: 535: 530: 525: 518: 517: 506: 505: 504: 503: 490: 485: 484: 481: 480: 477: 476: 471: 470: 469: 467: 466: 459: 454: 447: 445: 443: 442: 435: 430: 423: 421: 419: 418: 413: 406: 400: 395: 394: 391: 390: 387: 386: 384: 383: 378: 373: 367: 365: 363: 362: 357: 351: 349: 336: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 314: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 296: 295: 294: 284: 283: 282: 271: 266: 265: 262: 261: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 241: 240: 239: 237:Judith Suminwa 227:Prime Minister 219: 218: 217: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 190: 189: 183: 178: 177: 174: 173: 170: 169: 161: 160: 155: 148: 147: 138: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 114: 111: 108: 107: 102: 99: 96: 95: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 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8623: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8604: 8602:Past missions 8600: 8589: 8586: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8527: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8506: 8503: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8479: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8437: 8432: 8430: 8425: 8423: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8390: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8186:Treaty Series 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8145: 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2605: 2601: 2598: 2586: 2585:Abdallah Wafy 2582: 2577: 2565: 2564:Kamel Morjane 2561: 2558: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2538:United States 2527: 2523: 2520: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2500:United States 2489: 2485: 2482: 2470: 2469:Martin Kobler 2466: 2463: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2402:Command staff 2399: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2212:January 2020 2211: 2210: 2207:January 2020 2206: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2182:January 2018 2181: 2180: 2177:January 2018 2176: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2080:Samaila Iliya 2078: 2076:January 2004 2075: 2074: 2071:January 2004 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2028: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1908:Martin Kobler 1905: 1900: 1898: 1895:In May 2015, 1888: 1886: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:of Tanzania. 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1821:Herve Ladsous 1814: 1810: 1805: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1775: 1767: 1762: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1715: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Joseph Kabila 1684: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1670:territory of 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1638: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1464: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1446:In May 2007, 1439: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1370: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1311: 1309: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1273:Samaila Iliya 1269: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1075:South African 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1002: 1000: 997:Acting under 995: 992: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 924: 920: 918: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 870:United States 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 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5269:cite book 5261:871224152 5154:The Times 4869:Monuc.org 4806:AllAfrica 4435:Mongbwalu 4422:nationals 4398:Civilians 3389:Indonesia 3308:Guatemala 2543:2001–03: 2524:2003–07: 2507:Alan Doss 2505:2007–10: 2486:2010–13: 2467:2013–15: 2448:2015–17: 2429:2018–21: 2373:Indonesia 2263:Kisangani 2234:(Brazil) 2219:(Brazil) 2204:(Brazil) 2013:Kisangani 1591:minister 1572:and Gen. 1515:Alan Doss 1339:war crime 1214:N'Djamena 1183:Kitshanga 1067:Kisangani 1051:Kisangani 1039:Uruguayan 1007:Kisangani 842:Sri Lanka 750:Indonesia 742:Guatemala 409:General: 397:Elections 376:Chiefdoms 345:governors 341:Provinces 306:Judiciary 292:President 280:President 205:President 59:Formation 9981:(SPLA/M) 9911:(ethnic 9904:RCD–Goma 9827:Zimbabwe 9689:INTERFET 9515:UNPREDEP 9475:UNPROFOR 9246:Military 9109:Category 9039:Timeline 9034:Missions 8931:UNPREDEP 8913:UNPROFOR 8831:MINUSTAH 8776:Americas 8754:MINURCAT 8640:UNOSOM I 8628:UNAVEM I 8521:Inactive 8515:Americas 8373:Model UN 8358:magazine 8350:magazine 8279:UN Sacco 7767:drafting 7745:timeline 7740:missions 7643:archives 7259:UN Women 7247:UNU-CRIS 7098:UNCITRAL 6935:Preamble 6806:, 2007. 6746:Archived 6721:Archived 6702:Archived 6683:Archived 6658:Archived 6637:Archived 6610:Archived 6581:Archived 6551:Archived 6521:Archived 6491:Archived 6460:Archived 6380:Archived 6347:Archived 6310:Archived 6276:Archived 6245:Archived 6241:BBC News 6215:Archived 6189:Archived 6162:Archived 6136:Archived 6110:Archived 6085:15 March 6079:Archived 6058:15 March 6052:Archived 6032:15 March 6026:Archived 6006:15 March 6000:Archived 5979:Archived 5955:Archived 5929:Archived 5903:Archived 5877:Archived 5851:Archived 5824:Archived 5793:Archived 5767:Archived 5719:Archived 5575:Archived 5532:Archived 5506:Archived 5475:Archived 5446:Archived 5417:Archived 5385:Archived 5332:Archived 5300:Archived 5217:Archived 5158:Archived 5086:Archived 5005:Archived 4979:Archived 4955:Archived 4932:Archived 4899:Archived 4843:Archived 4838:BBC News 4811:Archived 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7242:UNU-OP 7217:UNRISD 7212:UNOSAT 7192:UNITAR 7187:UNIDIR 7182:UNICRI 7177:UNICEF 7093:UNCTAD 7083:UNAIDS 6810: 6796: 6778: 6752:9 July 6517:un.org 6487:un.org 6116:8 June 6073:eNCA. 5761: 5423:3 July 5338:3 July 5306:3 July 5259: 5249: 5223:4 July 4596: 4545:2 July 4391:14789 4382:1,657 4358: 4334:Zambia 4331: 4304: 4277: 4250: 4223: 4199:Turkey 4196: 4169: 4142: 4115: 4088: 4064:Sweden 4061: 4034: 4007: 3983:Serbia 3980: 3953: 3929:Russia 3926: 3899: 3875:Poland 3872: 3845: 3818: 3791: 3777:1,961 3764: 3740:Norway 3737: 3710: 3683: 3669:1,141 3656: 3629: 3602: 3575: 3548: 3524:Malawi 3521: 3494: 3467: 3443:Jordan 3440: 3413: 3399:1,030 3386: 3372:1,890 3359: 3335:Guinea 3332: 3305: 3278: 3254:Gambia 3251: 3227:France 3224: 3197: 3170: 3143: 3116: 3089: 3062: 3035: 3011:Canada 3008: 2981: 2957:Brazil 2954: 2927: 2900: 2873: 2849:Bhutan 2846: 2819: 2792: 2778:1,630 2765: 2738: 2727:Total 2673: 2654:France 2651: 2632: 2616:Canada 2613: 2594: 2573: 2554: 2535: 2516: 2497: 2478: 2459: 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