1588:
889:, in number about two thousand; and they were drowned in the sea. And they that fed them fled, and told it in the city, and in the country. And they came to see what it was that had come to pass. And they come to Jesus, and behold him that was possessed with demons sitting, clothed and in his right mind, even him that had the legion: and they were afraid. And they that saw it declared unto them how it befell him that was possessed with demons, and concerning the swine. And they began to beseech him to depart from their
832:
597:
941:
1804:
42:
733:
704:? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are — the Holy One of God!" "Be quiet!" said Jesus sternly. "Come out of him!" The unclean spirit shook the man violently and came out of him with a shriek. The people were all so amazed that they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching — and with authority! He even gives orders to unclean spirits and they obey him." News about him spread quickly over the whole region of
325:
1790:
1264:
1326:
869:, he was crying out, and cutting himself with stones. And when he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and worshipped him; and crying out with a loud voice, he saith, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of the Most High God? I adjure thee by God, torment me not. For he said unto him, Come forth, thou unclean spirit
1608:
Before Jesus, exorcism had been conducted by a trained practitioner who offered a diagnosis and administered a ritual usually employing spoken formularies, amulets or other objects, or compounds of substances resembling pharmacological recipes of the time. Jesus's approach seemed radical because it
865:, who had his dwelling in the tombs: and no man could any more bind him, no, not with a chain; because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been rent asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: and no man had strength to tame him. And always, night and day,
504:
drew on
Hebraic elements, and spells from the Greek Magical Papyri evoke and attempt to command Jewish angels, demons, and other beings regarded as spiritually powerful. At one point, a compiler of the magical text emphasizes the Jewish aspect of purity, insisting that "this spell is Hebraic and is
1461:
And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath day. And behold, a woman that had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years; and she was bowed together, and could in no wise lift herself up. And when Jesus saw her, he called her, and said to her, Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity.
2700:
It has been pointed out that since refraining from pork is a special preparation for the spell, the seeker of its effects was likely not Jewish, but a gentile who wanted the efficacy of Jewish magic; see Lynn LiDonnici, "According to the Jews: Identified (and
Identifying) 'Jewish' Elements in the
1664:
is living inside him! He uses his power from the ruler of demons to force demons out of people'." In his response to this accusation, Jesus says that speaking out against the Holy Spirit is an unforgivable sin: "Jesus said this because the people were saying that he had an evil spirit in him."
1317:
If the
Delphian Apollo were a god, as the Greeks suppose, would he not rather have chosen as his prophet some wise man? or if such an one was not to be found, then one who was endeavouring to become wise? How came he not to prefer a man to a woman for the utterance of his prophesies? And if he
897:, he that had been possessed with demons besought him that he might be with him. And he suffered him not, but saith unto him, Go to thy house unto thy friends, and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for thee, and how he had mercy on thee. And he went his way, and began to publish in
1259:
became the mouthpiece of the god through possession, but the "prophecy of interpretation" required specialized knowledge of how to read signs and omens and was considered a rational process. The '"prophet" (προφήτης), usually male, could interpret the divinely inspired speech of a mantic.
724:
reports that he and his fellow disciples have asked a man to stop casting out demons in the name of Jesus "because he isn't one of us," but Jesus replies that the man should be allowed to continue, since "anyone who is not against you is for you." Elsewhere, Jesus appoints 72
1652:, Jesus returns home from performing miracles, but a crowd gathers: "There were so many people that Jesus and his followers could not eat. When his family heard this, they went to get him because they thought he was out of his mind. But the teachers of
1215:
This encounter differs from other exorcisms in the New
Testament. Unlike Jesus, who usually heals at first contact, Paul drives away the spirit only after several days. The girl is depicted as neither physically tormented nor insane. A spell from the
3517:
3592:: "The demon was exorcised by Paul, not because of the content of his proclamation, but because the Christian mission did not need allies such as these" (p. 100). Discussion with emphasis on the slave-girl's perspective in Hans-Josef Klauck,
1106:
religion was characterized as demonic by
Christian writers. As a form of ritual purification, fumigation was intended to enhance the Pythia's receptivity to divine communication; to the men of the Church, the open vagina that served no
4097:
3709:"Mantic wisdom takes in a variety of means of finding the divine will, whereas prophecy is a form of 'spirit divination,' whether it comes spontaneously or is sought by inquiry," notes Lester L. Grabbe, introduction and overview,
4350:
873:, out of the man. And he asked him, What is thy name? And he saith unto him, My name is Legion; for we are many. And he besought him much that he would not send them away out of the country. Now there was there on the
4317:
3247:
2404:
2689:
1312:
finds the Pythia's receptive vagina disturbing and uses the gender of Apollo's oracle as a way to disparage the
Delphic religion, saying that if Apollo were a true god, he would have chosen a male prophet:
1322:
The sexual purity of a male prophet is not at issue, but sexual activity renders a woman unfit. The implication of sexual union between the god and a mortal woman is again viewed as a dangerous deception.
137:
The association of physical and spiritual cleanliness is, if not universal, widespread and continues into the 21st century: "To be virtuous is to be physically clean and free from the impurity that is
356:. It can be difficult to distinguish between a demon and an unclean or evil spirit in Judaic theology or contemporary scholarship; both entities like to inhabit wild or desolate places. Commonly the
560:(i.e., airborne particulate matter) was supposed to drive off or displace an unclean spirit. Since either body or soul could be unclean, it can be difficult to distinguish exorcism from traditional
4308:
2741:, vol. 8 (Abhandlungen der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sonderreihe, Papyrologia Coloniensia), Sonderreihe vol. VII/8 (Opladen: Westdeutscher, 1997), no. 338, pp. 53–69.
4330:
1054:
is asserted in some sources, but in others she is said only to have dressed as a virgin and to have lived chastely, and was either an old woman or a married woman who gave up her family and
3706:
1535:
relates that a boy is brought to Jesus for healing because he cannot speak; verse 25 adds that he cannot hear. This demonic possession manifests itself through symptoms that resemble
1300:) to establish his own oracle there. Plutarch and other ancient authors scoff at the notion that the god himself enters the body of a paid mantic for use as a mouthpiece. The early
2755:
2347:
3565:
2516:
2241:
1247:
oracle: a recognition ("These men are … "), and a commendation of their trustworthiness. The only divinely inspired speech by a woman recorded in the Acts is that of the
2339:
2202:
4291:
1292:"), a suspect type of mantic who employed trickery in projecting a voice, sometimes through a device such as a mechanical snake. The snake was probably the chosen
1489:, but an alternative interpretation is that hard labor over the years had bent the woman's back. The incident has been examined at length from the perspective of
3978:
1042:
frequently in his writings; it is typically translated "evil spirit." The nature of the vapors that inspired the Pythia has been the subject of much debate; see
3875:
2149:
1494:
3271:
3617:
2910:
1318:
preferred the latter sex, as though he could only find pleasure in the breast of a woman, why did he not choose among women a virgin to interpret his will?
3446:
3359:
3343:
2902:
3389:
2697:
4101:
3488:
3468:
3435:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3351:
4026:
For medieval liturgical examples — the
Rheinau Ritual (12th century), Constance Ritual (1482), and the Magdeburg Agenda (1492) — see Bryan D. Spinks,
4145:
3589:
2355:
1236:
Paul saw the competing gods of the Greeks as demons. There is no crowd to witness Paul's miracle and proclaim the deed, but later the masters of the
3714:
2392:
417:") associated with other harmful supernatural beings and with ruins, i.e., human structures that threaten to revert to the wild. The demonic figure
1742:," and a series of magical letters (χαρακτῆρες). The exorcism is distinguished from other early Christian magic charms that quote Bible verses and
561:
3814:
3738:"The prophetic spirit of Apollo, pure from any body of earth, secretly enters through the private parts the person who is called the priestess";
3255:
2734:
2232:, edited by Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich, translated and abridged by Geoffrey W. Bromley (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1985), p. 139
576:
or other ritual object. In some rabbinic literature, demons are viewed as inflicting evil on humans in part through illness and disease, though
3118:
3042:
1193:. For several days, she repeatedly voices this praise of Christianity. Although it is unclear why a Christian would dispute the truth of the
881:
feeding. And they besought him, saying, Send us into the swine, that we may enter into them. And he gave them leave. And the unclean spirits
4015:
3054:
3883:
2194:
3287:
2132:
661:, "to be possessed by a demon" or "to be or act as a demoniac," as indicated by usage in parallel versions of the same story. Throughout
4272:
4166:
3584:
36 (1989) 51-73. This point of view is discussed and rejected by Irina
Levinskaya, "God-fearers and the Cult of the Most High God," in
2804:
2457:
2504:
3544:
3307:
1485:
throughout the New
Testament means "weakness" or "powerlessness" of any kind, including sickness. Some have seen the affliction as
1760:
The unclean spirit associated with a particular possession, or feared possession, might be identified as an individual and named.
4193:
3666:
3327:
3045:; also "Clean and Unclean," pp. 262–262. It has sometimes been argued that frogs are clean; see discussion by Seth Daniel Kunin,
2782:, edited by Christopher A. Faraone and Dirk Obbink (Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 113–114 and 119. For an example from the
2266:
3796:
541:
3580:, Paul struck back at the girl as a rival; see Paul Tribilco, "Paul and Silas, Servants of the Most High God - Acts 16:16-18,"
2537:
1886:
1173:, though the spirit is presumed to be evil. Through her employment she earns significant income for her masters. The adjective
2553:
2545:
263:, although sometimes translated in context as "evil," means more precisely "impure, not purified," and reflects a concern for
4185:
4129:
4125:
948:
4232:
2767:
1497:, who views it as both healing and liberating; Jesus goes on to say that the woman has been freed from a kind of bondage to
54:
700:. Just then a man in their synagogue who was possessed by an unclean spirit cried out, "What do you want with us, Jesus of
4031:
3839:
3835:
3536:
2758:; for an extensive discussion of Jewish exorcism, see pp. 88–118 (limited preview). On Jewish exorcism in relation to the
3937:
3929:
1614:
1391:
4076:
4068:
3917:
2658:
2233:
1688:
909:
is a suitable recipient because it is an unclean animal. "It was certainly not very kind to the pigs," the philosopher
4340:
1699:
required the prior riddance of both unclean spirits and illness. Because the possessing demon was conceptualized as a
4390:
3548:
624:
3208:
568:
illness is adjured to depart from the patient's body (for instance, "Flee, Fever!") by means of a charm, spoken or
489:
but are possessed by an unclean spirit. This occurrence of "unclean spirit" is unique in the Tanakh; the Hebrew is
4370:
3632:
824:
following) are involved in perhaps the most famous manifestation of an unclean spirit in the New
Testament, the
4380:
3636:
2020:
497:
1501:. The breaking of bonds or chains is often associated with freedom from an unclean spirit; in the case of the
913:
remarked, "to put the devils into them and make them rush down the hill to the sea." The need for the demonic
298:
in ritual, depends on conceptualizing a spiritual entity as air in motion, "invisible yet active": both Greek
2471:, "the hairy ones," in the Church Fathers; Katherine Nell MacFarlane, "Isidore of Seville on the Pagan Gods (
2449:
1845:, Burchard says that some people wait until cock's crow — that is, dawn — to go outdoors because they feared
147:
published 10 March 2009. Some scholarship seeks to differentiate between "unclean spirit" and "evil spirit" (
3818:
2496:
1232:
who enters into me, seizes me and then departs from me graciously in accordance with the will of the god … .
3961:
3577:
2980:
2617:
2012:
630:
155:
4079:
Two types of stele are contained in the papyri: a drawing with or without writing, and an inscribed charm.
1945:("Therefore at your bidding, Lord, let every unclean spirit depart far from here"). In a Latin version of
4304:
3535:, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane (University of Chicago Press, 2001; originally published 1988), p. 188
2681:
2437:
1708:
1181:; she is nevertheless inspired to acknowledge out loud that the two missionaries of the "most high god" (
929:
When an unclean spirit comes out of a man, it goes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it.
2305:. Connections and differences between Judaic impurity and Christian are explored extensively by Wahlen,
1831:
who fell from the heavens wander about between the sky and earth," drawing on the view expressed in the
779:
4365:
3783:
3384:
1956:
performed in Rome and recorded at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the unclean spirit is commanded
969:(πνεῦμα πονηρόν, "evil spirit") is used several times in the Septuagint, the New Testament and also in
806:
353:
62:
2613:
2492:
474:
4385:
4056:
3863:
3859:
3161:
3146:
3130:
3094:
3005:
2943:
2877:
2433:
2294:
2065:
2016:
1960:("by the Living God"). The modern Latin rite to exorcize holy water banishes any "pestilent spirit" (
1540:
1523:"without speech"). It thus differs from most possessing demons, who are given to taunts and mockery (
1138:
1095:
918:
775:
The attribution of animal-like qualities to demons continues from the Jewish tradition; like demons,
612:
4028:
Early and Medieval Rituals and Theologies of Baptism: From the New Testament to the Council of Trent
2963:
2939:
2857:
1649:
1630:
1532:
1372:
1205:
717:
230:
3612:, edited by Karl Preisendanz (Teubner, 1973), vol. 1, p. 110. English translation by W.C. Grese in
3110:
3090:
3058:
1682:
1352:
1251:, but she is characterized as mantic rather than prophetic. Although both are forms of divination,
1244:
1030:, and fills her with madness. Her hair is disheveled, and foam flows from her mouth: she is like a
783:
634:
196:
3165:
3157:
3017:
1771:
in late antiquity, is described in a Greek text as "abominable and unclean" (μιαρὰ καὶ ἀκάθαρτος,
1666:
692:
and began to teach. The people were amazed at his teaching, because he taught them as one who had
469:
when biblical leaders destroy sacred objects of other religions or statues representing the gods.
3150:
2873:
2787:
2148:(Mohr Siebeck, 2004). For a table of terms used for evil powers in the New Testament, see p. 177
2028:
1137:) means "Pythonian spirit" or "divinatory spirit," and occurs only once in the New Testament. In
810:
3153:
2967:
2959:
2865:
2853:
2120:
Gary Sherman and Gerald Clore, "Clean and Virtuous: When Physical Purity Becomes Moral Purity,"
287:, the "unclean spirits" to be driven away might be identified with the gods of other religions.
4065:
Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. A Collection of Ancient Texts
3281:
2278:
2188:
2044:
The term appears 21 times counting both singular and plural. J. Reiling, "Unclean spirits," in
1926:
1776:
1486:
1200:
s message, and although Jesus himself had said "anyone who is not against you is for you" (see
4337:
First Converts: Rich Pagan Women and the Rhetoric of Mission in Early Judaism and Christianity
3562:
First Converts: Rich Pagan Women and the Rhetoric of Mission in Early Judaism and Christianity
2399:) phrases provided); postbiblical sources cited by Barry D. Smith, "Spirit, Evil/Unclean," in
2125:
2109:
2053:
429:
says that a person who wanted to attract an impure spirit might fast and spend the night in a
2638:
2077:
813:
as "a dwelling place of every unclean spirit and a haunt of every unclean and hateful bird."
250:
4316:. David Lyle Jeffrey, general editor. William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1992. Limited preview
1969:
701:
3605:
3404:(Brill, 1998), presents English translations of several texts with examples of fumigation.
2718:
2252:
1657:
1595:
1436:
1428:
1217:
646:
620:
518:
422:
284:
204:
4163:
Pagan Survivals, Superstitions, and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature
3711:
Knowing the End from the Beginning: The Prophetic, the Apocalyptic and Their Relationships
1730:
and his miracles appears along with a spell for silencing opponents, an invocation of the
1673:, you can be forgiven, but if you speak against the Holy Spirit, you cannot be forgiven."
8:
4326:
4180:
3989:
3369:
2093:
2024:
2004:
1731:
1622:
1466:
1462:
And he laid his hands upon her: and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God.
1059:
450:
349:
264:
234:
143:
4329:, Allen C. Myers, Astrid B. Beck. William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. Limited preview
4267:
3476:
2542:
The Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch) in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity
2335:
2165:
2000:
1952:
1453:, "spirit of infirmity" or "spirit of weakness," is unique in the New Testament to the
1297:
1108:
1091:
1067:
1019:
745:
662:
650:
585:
505:
preserved among pure men", advising that the practitioner should keep himself pure and
268:
117:
31:
1043:
4375:
4115:
4059:. Magic papyri on occasion contain text to be inscribed on a stele; see for instance
4048:
3903:
3847:
3460:
3062:
2726:
2101:
1854:
1824:
1812:
1797:
1727:
1707:, each of which derives from a root meaning "breath," one term for its expulsion was
1587:
1552:
1490:
1478:
1296:
because of its association in myth with Delphi, where Apollo killed the serpent (the
940:
426:
383:
319:
4220:
3832:
The First and Second Letters to Timothy: A New Translation with Notes and Commentary
2416:
1070:
with the god will result. The vapors said to arise from the grotto at Delphi were a
4257:
3299:
3199:
3106:
2737:
Full discussion by David R. Jordan and Roy D. Kotansky, "A Solomonic Exorcism," in
1603:
1055:
992:
910:
721:
685:
642:
245:." For those who practiced the traditional religions of antiquity, possession by a
2839:
Verbal form at Matthew 4:24; 8:16, 28, 33; 9:32; 12:22; 15:22; Mark 1:32; 5:15ff;
2783:
1857:
as protection, rather than reliance on the cock's crow. The exact nature of these
1575:
1556:
1161:), a slave who has earned a reputation as a gifted diviner; she is said to have a
514:
16:
Biblical term for the spiritually unclean, demons, and demon-possessed individuals
3275:
3265:
3190:
2396:
2032:
1719:
1505:, the demoniac had the physical power to break chains as a result of possession.
1112:
1099:
1007:
922:
831:
817:
776:
565:
552:
depends on the aerial conception of the unclean spirit: the occupation of air by
458:
83:
19:
This article is about biblical and patristic terminology pertaining to the Greek
3434:: distress of the uterus, requiring dual fumigation along with the nose, p. 162
676:
The exorcism of an unclean spirit was the first act of Jesus's public ministry:
4216:
3594:
Magic and Paganism in Early Christianity: The World of the Acts of the Apostles
3568:, with additional citations of scholarship on the cultic identification of the
2692:
An English translation of the complete exorcism may be viewed in Daniel Odgen,
2216:, edited by David Lyle Jeffrey (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1992), p. 195;
1911:
1838:
1833:
1477:, and while his profession may have motivated his interest, nothing suggests a
1454:
1301:
1087:
1058:
to serve the god. A spell invoking Apollo in the Greek Magical Papyri requires
1004:
970:
839:
825:
534:
501:
2766:(Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002) pp. 326–333, limited preview
1177:
indicates a connection to the cult of Apollo, regarded as the greatest of the
857:. And when he was come out of the boat, straightway there met him out of the
465:
of "unclean" spirits or a multiplicity of gods, was considered an appropriate
4359:
4212:
4204:
3744:
3484:
3225:
2913:
Throughout his book, Wahlen seeks to refine scholarly perception of the term
2759:
2621:
2008:
1903:
1356:
1289:
1186:
1047:
741:
629:
The exorcism of demons and unclean spirits is one of the major categories of
596:
545:
482:
208:
113:
70:
3843:
1240:
haul Paul and Silas into court for depriving them of a profitable business.
906:
41:
4093:
3925:
3417:
3363:
3212:
3203:
2729:
36.734), cited by Jonathan Seidel, "Magical Texts of the Cairo Geniza," in
2707:
Heavenly Tablets: Interpretation, Identity and Tradition in Ancient Judaism
2650:
2386:
2071:
1938:
1915:
1548:
713:
510:
291:
3354:
Overview of fumigation in ancient Greek gynecology in W.J. Steward McKay,
3020:, the newly resurrected Christ says that the ability to drive out demons (
315:
4208:
3464:
3381:
2694:
Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook
2510:
2389:'s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum, with Latin Text and English Translation
1895:
1842:
1793:
1718:
along with syncretic magic spells; in one Greek example of a fragmentary
1638:
1634:
405:
200:
4010:
William Brashear and Roy Kotansky, "A New Magical Prayer Formulary," in
3616:, edited by Hans Dieter Betz (University of Chicago Press, 1986), p. 60
3512:
Adelina Angusheva, "Late Medieval Witch Mythologies in the Balkans," in
2778:
Roy Kotansky, “Incantations and Prayers on Inscribed Greek Amulets,” in
1922:("Breathe out onto face in the likeness of the cross while speaking").
1894:
exorcism adjuring the "unclean spirit" to depart a possessed person. In
1613:
in front of a crowd who exclaim "Nothing like this has ever happened in
364:, spirits of deceased persons who were not laid to rest and thus became
4263:
4120:(Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1985), pp. 112–113; see also Karen Hartnup,
4060:
3472:
3450:
3377:
3078:
3037:
This and more on frogs in the Bible from Victoria Andrews, "Frogs," in
2993:
2860:, where Jesus gives his disciples power to cast out "unclean spirits" (
2596:
2319:
1948:
1930:
1808:
1803:
1715:
1670:
1387:
1308:
to demonic possession. Like Chrysostom, the early Christian theologian
1293:
1142:
1063:
984:
981:
798:
726:
604:
442:
393:
272:
87:
4071:; full text in translation with Hebraic elements in Hans Dieter Betz,
2688:(Mohr Siebeck, 2006), pp. 269–279, especially p. 277, limited preview
1943:
procul ergo hinc, iubente te, domine, omnis spiritus immundus abscedat
1578:
accompanies him. If he does not wait, the offspring will be epileptic.
1178:
462:
4307:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999, 2nd edition. Limited preview
4073:
The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation, Including the Demotic Spells
4044:
3531:
3500:
3454:
3048:
2905:
For a table on Mark's demonological terminology, see Clinton Wahlen,
2564:
1891:
1849:. The fear is not treated as groundless; rather, Burchard recommends
1750:
1696:
1661:
1626:
1618:
1560:
1474:
1424:
1412:
1396:
1190:
1154:
1051:
898:
789:
737:
693:
689:
681:
569:
434:
379:
283:
even when demonic possession was not suspected; in the case of adult
1625:
gives him power to force out demons." This accusation leads to the "
732:
3442:
3373:
3261:
2950:
as "evil," with a note pointing out that the Greek means "unclean."
2199:
Possession and Exorcism in the New Testament and Early Christianity
2097:
1881:
1735:
1642:
1536:
1404:
1360:
1334:
1273:
1150:
1116:
1115:
that invited demonic influence, necessarily rendering the Pythia's
1075:
517:
exorcism continued into medieval Europe; an example is recorded by
466:
446:
430:
280:
35:
4288:
Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World
3608:
IV.1121–24, ζόμενόν μου κατὰ θεοῦ βούληϲιν ἐν χρη ϲτότητι πνεῦμα,
3348:
Saint Hysteria: Neurosis, Mysticism and Gender in European Culture
2684:, "The Great Magical Papyrus of Paris (PGM IV) and the Bible," in
2263:
Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World
4088:
William Brashear and Roy Kotansky, "A New Magical Formulary," in
4067:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985; 2nd edition 2006), p. 139
3882:(Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), pp. 84–108, limited preview
2513:
in Honor of Joseph Dan on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday
2129:
2089:
1902:, "by God, All-powerful Father"; the same phrase is used in both
1765:
1747:
1692:
1653:
1281:
1243:
The message itself is composed of two patterns characteristic of
1083:
794:
761:
705:
697:
581:
577:
549:
530:
506:
276:
242:
220:
4122:
On the Beliefs of the Greeks: Leo Allatios and Popular Orthodoxy
3543:, chapter 3, "The Prophet and the Pythia," especially pp. 82–83
3229:
3.25 (pre-dating Chrysostom), makes a similar remark; see under
2624:, where there were many tombs; see Joe M. Sprinkle, "Grave," in
1399:
into varieties of immorality. The "seven spirits of deceit" are
396:
and according to established Jewish lore own beings, created by
324:
4014:, edited by Paul Mirecki and Marvin Meyer (Brill, 2002), p. 13
3908:
3739:
3480:
3409:
3220:
3195:
3025:
2577:
2454:
Magic, Mystery, and Science: The Occult in Western Civilization
2302:
2238:
Magic, Mystery, and Science: The Occult in Western Civilization
1861:
is unclear: they may have been demons, woodland beings such as
1850:
1768:
1743:
1568:
1559:," which attached to the father when he had sex too soon after
1470:
1309:
1103:
1031:
1027:
1000:
996:
988:
952:
901:
how great things Jesus had done for him: and all men marvelled.
854:
802:
573:
526:
522:
438:
418:
375:
370:
361:
337:
295:
253:
225:
176:
24:
3880:
Back to the Well: Women's Encounters with Jesus in the Gospels
1929:; the more common exorcism involves the ritual preparation of
1789:
1551:
Jews and Christians attributed the affliction to a demon. The
1363:
as those who are drawn to "deceiving" or "seductive" spirits (
267:
shared with or derived from Judaism, though reinterpreted. In
4052:
3922:
Mark 8–16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
3690:
3429:
3065:
2803:(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995), vol. 1, pp. 921–922
2443:
2298:
1981:
1761:
1754:
1739:
1723:
1645:
concept is difficult and subject to varying interpretations.
1528:
1519:
is a speechless spirit who renders the possessed mute (Greek
1498:
1432:
1416:
1408:
1252:
1146:
753:
600:
557:
421:, depicted with goat-like features and in one instance as an
414:
397:
388:
365:
333:
238:
193:
189:
171:
125:
97:
94:
45:
413:
are goat-demons or "hairy demons" (sometimes translated as "
3402:
A History of Jewish Gynaecological Texts in the Middle Ages
2328:
Baptism and Change in the Early Middle Ages, c. 200–c. 1150
2144:
Clinton Wahlen presents an overview of this scholarship in
1714:
Exorcistic texts with Christian content have been found in
1609:
depended on spiritual authority alone. Jesus casts out the
1338:
553:
486:
454:
185:
3878:, "A Bent Woman, Daughter of Abraham (Luke 13:10–17)," in
3703:
Speaking in Tongues: The New Testament Evidence in Context
3244:
Citizen Bacchae: Women's Ritual Practice in Ancient Greece
3077:
For the connection of demons to the sea, see for instance
1920:
Exsufflat in faciem ejus in similitudinem crucis dum dicit
885:
came out, and entered into the swine: and the herd rushed
344:
References to a "spirit of impurity" or an "evil spirit" (
4347:
Jesus and the Impurity of Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels
4165:(Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2005), p. 82
4055:
inscribed with images and text might be a focal point of
2907:
Jesus and the Impurity of Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels
2146:
Jesus and the Impurity of Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels
1862:
1547:("moonstruck") for the condition. Although traditionally
1420:
1325:
1263:
1102:. The intertwining of the medical and divinatory arts in
878:
138:
4314:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
4290:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1983. Limited preview
3137:
is translated as "evil spirit" but glossed as "unclean."
2655:
Self and Self-Transformation in the History of Religions
2521:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
2214:
A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature
1925:
Such exorcisms are performed rarely by the 21st-century
2552:(Jewish Publication Society, 1952, repub. 2006), p. 46
917:
to transmigrate into another body is expressed also at
716:
the power to cast out unclean spirits and to heal. At
3610:
Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die griechischen Zauberpapyri
2917:
and to distinguish its usage in the synoptic gospels.
2584:(Wayne State University Press, 2003), p. 88, note 14.
1574:, one should wait before sexual intercourse, as the
1555:
specifies that a child's epilepsy was caused by "the
4190:
Suicide in the Middle Ages: The Curse on Self-murder
4075:(University of Chicago Press, 1996), vol. 1, p. 174
3834:(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000), pp. 353–355
3268:: Pagans and Christians in Search of a Divine Center
3246:(University of California Press, 2004), pp. 222–223
3047:
We Think What We Eat: Neo-structuralist Analysis of
4339:. Stanford University Press, 2001. Limited preview
3051:
Food Rules and Other Cultural and Textual Practices
2637:A Greek text with French translation may be viewed
2193:(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1988) pp. 208–209
1098:. Gynecological fumigation was also a technique of
4303:. Edited by Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and
2503:(Jewish Publication Society, 2007), vol. 2, p. 37
2477:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1208:), Paul eventually grows annoyed and commands the
1046:. For the Greeks, the Pythia was characterized by
441:, one ritual mode for seeking a divinely inspired
4192:(Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 476, note 73
4184:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881), pp. 210 and 214
3516:(Central European University Press, 2008), p. 91
2686:Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context
2281:has "evil spirit," but glosses "Greek 'unclean'."
1734:, a spell against a thief, a spell to achieve an
306:had an original meaning of "breath, mobile air."
4357:
4227:(1788), vol. 1, p. 80. Frederick Edward Warren,
3388:(University of Delaware Press, 1988), pp. 84–86
2696:(Oxford University Press US, 2002), pp. 169–170
2501:Folktales of the Jews: Tales from Eastern Europe
793:); frogs are unclean as animals for food in the
3588:(Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996), pp. 98–100
3406:A Record of the Diseases in the Genital Members
2052:(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999), p. 882
1815:, with a sign reading "Holy water to take away"
1764:, a type of reproductive demon that appears on
1082:may strike the 21st-century reader as strange,
1062:in the form of dietary restrictions and sexual
835:Medieval illustration of Jesus casting out the
425:, is consigned to desert places as impure. The
4096:(Brill, 2002), pp. 3–24, especially pp. 10–11
2780:Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion
2293:, p. 882, with additional citations. See also
2265:(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1983), p. 47
1549:epilepsy was regarded as "the sacred disease,"
4301:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
3928:series (Yale University Press, 2009), p. 652
3564:(Stanford University Press, 2001), pp. 89–92
3432:'s Book on the Womb, Which Is Called Genicias
3322:, p. 34. For more on Plutarch's views of the
2801:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
2576:Jonathan Seidel, "Magical Texts of the Cairo
2046:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
1898:, the unclean spirit is evoked and exorcized
1868:
1094:and was employed as early as 1900–1500 BC in
625:Miracles attributed to Jesus § Exorcisms
588:did not view demons as the cause of illness.
332:, or "hairy demon," is sometimes translated "
223:; the two words are to be distinguished from
4001:Mark 3:28–30 (Contemporary English Version).
3932:; John R. Donahue and Daniel J. Harrington,
2653:in Antiquity: A Double Transformation," in
2509:Creation and Re-creation in Jewish Thought:
1034:. And it is in such a state that she speaks.
729:who also have the power to cast out demons.
219:in relation to demons follows that of later
104:
92:
4245:The Liturgy and Ritual of the Celtic Church
4229:The Liturgy and Ritual of the Celtic Church
3894:The event is also narrated by Luke 9:37–49.
3705:(Continuum International, 2002), pp. 22–23
3270:(Mercer University Press, 2003), pp. 80–83
3252:Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion
3053:(Continuum International, 2004), pp. 47–48
2536:(Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003), p. 114
2230:Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
1827:asserts that "we know that unclean spirits
1676:
1502:
712:Jesus is said to have directly granted his
3582:Journal for the Study of the New Testament
3284:and Classical Representations of Virginity
3012:in the missionaries' terminology (10.17),
2897:John R. Donahue and Daniel J. Harrington,
2448:(Union for Reform Judaism, 2005), p. 1403
2169:
1637:to possession by an "unclean spirit" is a
797:. The association of unclean spirits with
3576:was a cult title for gods other than the
3219:(Harvard University Press, 1990), p. 23.
2946:, with one exception: the NIV translates
2928:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
2754:(Cambridge University Press, 2008) p. 88
2456:(Indiana University Press, 2003), p. 120
2346:(Cornell University Press, 1987), p. 101
2334:, especially the process as described by
2240:(Indiana University Press, 2003), p. 123
2076:(Brill, 2004), p. 88, especially note 16
1669:clarifies that "if you speak against the
1543:, who uses a form of the colloquial verb
1395:, where they threaten to lead astray the
770:
540:Exorcism is the most thoroughly attested
259:In the New Testament, the Greek modifier
23:and related phrases. For other uses, see
4280:
4247:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881), p. 214.
4231:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881), p. 220
4118:: Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity
3586:The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting
3286:(Indiana University Press, 2002), p. 38
3115:The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell
2657:(Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 101
2550:Fallen Angels: Soldiers of Satan's Realm
1802:
1788:
1633:warns that attributing the power of the
1586:
1324:
1262:
1224:could be welcomed as a giver of vision:
1078:. Although the vaginal reception of the
939:
830:
731:
595:
509:. The spell concludes with a protracted
323:
162:
120:. It is also translated into English as
112:The Greek term appears 21 times in the
40:
3830:Jerome D. Quinn and William C. Wacker,
3713:(Continuum International, 2003), p. 24
3614:The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation
3514:Witchcraft Mythologies and Persecutions
3350:(Cornell University Press, 1996), p. 7
3304:The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation
1914:exorcism. The Milanese rite prescribes
1457:, as is the story in which it appears:
1431:, the eighth spirit, is conjoined with
1074:, "inspiring exhalation," according to
777:animals may be classified as "unclean."
641:(singular and plural) are found in the
521:: "I adjure you all unclean spirits by
30:For related beliefs and practices, see
4358:
4349:. Mohr Siebeck, 2004. Limited preview
3701:244a–d, discussed by Gerald Hovenden,
3366:examples, from Carol Falvo Heffernan,
1887:Of Exorcisms and Certain Supplications
1304:, however, attributed the behavior of
782:describes "three unclean spirits like
433:; in the traditional religions of the
237:has a neutral meaning of "spirit" or "
124:or more loosely as "evil spirit." The
4090:Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World
4012:Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World
3572:. It has also been argued that since
3372:at the Fountain: Images of Woman and
2764:The Jewish Context of Jesus' Miracles
1941:preserves an early Celtic formula as
1527:, the origin of both "diabolic" and "
801:areas such as ruins, cemeteries, and
657:(50 occurrences) or a verbal form of
386:for a protective, benevolent spirit (
348:) are found in the Hebrew Bible, in
3973:Mark S. Krause, "Unforgivable Sin,"
2901:(The Liturgical Press, 2002), p. 80
2600:(Princeton University Press, 2001),
2344:Satan: The Early Christian Tradition
2330:(Cambridge University Press, 2003),
1865:, or ghosts of the unhallowed dead.
1782:
1775:), and is the object of a prayer to
1621:, also witnesses, counter that "the
1442:
1201:
1111:purpose was an uncontrolled form of
653:. The phrase may be used instead of
548:period. The exorcistic technique of
392:), but from Jewish perspective were
4030:(Ashgate Publishing, 2006), p. 136
3842:English translation available from
3230:
3117:(Routledge, 1996), vol. 10, p. 190
2930:(William B. Eerdmans, 1994), p. 789
2532:Walter J. Houston, "Leviticus," in
2359:
2261:below. See also David Edward Aune,
2257:
1582:
1392:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
1153:, they are greeted on their way to
1022:, her legs spread. An evil spirit (
1003:— is attributed by the 4th-century
826:Gerasene demon whose name is Legion
805:also continues from Judaic belief;
149:
105:
82:(πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα)), which in its
13:
3499:Expressed in rational medicine as
3471:; fumigation (through a tube) for
3380:'s Carmen de Ave Phoenice and the
3356:The History of Ancient Gynaecology
3016:in the words of Jesus (10.20). At
2841:A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition
2649:Cristiano Grottanelli, "Possessed
1726:, an exorcism that alludes to the
921:, where desert is a haunt for the
591:
533:, to come out and depart from the
374:, which appears only twice in the
184:) is used variously for the human
14:
4402:
3936:(Liturgical Press, 2002), p. 227
3596:(T&T Clark, 2000), pp. 63–73.
3549:Sexuality in Christian demonology
2942:. This is the translation of the
2354:, pp. 235–240, especially p. 238
2307:Jesus and the Impurity of Spirits
1386:are also found frequently in the
1344:
1122:
933:
867:in the tombs and in the mountains
669:(with a pejorative modifier) and
203:, depending on context or with a
63:English translations of the Bible
4323:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
3975:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
3039:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2788:Medicina Plinii: Sample remedies
2626:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2534:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
2401:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2277:At Mark 1:23, for instance, the
2191:: An Introduction and Commentary
2168:, not considered a synonym, see
2088:Pierre Maréchaux, "Les noces de
1531:," means "slanderer" in Greek).
1508:
887:down the steep bank into the sea
4250:
4237:
4198:
4171:
4155:
4134:
4112:Joseph Naveh and Shaul Shaked,
4106:
4082:
4037:
4020:
4004:
3995:
3983:
3967:
3954:
3942:
3897:
3888:
3869:
3853:
3824:
3803:
3789:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3732:
3719:
3684:
3671:
3655:
3642:
3622:
3599:
3554:
3522:
3506:
3493:
3439:Liber de Sinthomatibus Mulierum
3394:
3362:Additional passages, including
3332:
3312:
3292:
3236:
3184:
3171:
3140:
3123:
3100:
3084:
3071:
3031:
3024:) in his name is a sign of the
2999:
2986:
2973:
2953:
2933:
2920:
2891:
2864:) with the parallel passage at
2846:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2793:
2772:
2752:Ancient Jewish Magic: A History
2744:
2712:
2675:
2663:
2643:
2631:
2607:
2587:
2570:
2558:
2526:
2515:(Mohr Siebeck, 2005), p. 29ff.
2482:
2462:
2452:; Dan Burton and David Grandy,
2423:
2409:
2391:(Brill, 1996), vol. 2, p. 1118
2377:
2365:
2312:
2284:
2271:
2246:
2223:
1255:had distinguished the two: the
1026:) rises from below, enters her
4179:The Liturgy and Ritual of the
3727:Prophecy in Early Christianity
3663:Prophecy in Early Christianity
3578:one god of Abrahamic religions
3320:Prophecy in Early Christianity
2236:; Dan Burton and David Grandy
2207:
2179:
2154:
2138:
2114:
2082:
2070:On the Beliefs of the Greeks:
2058:
2038:
2021:International Standard Version
1993:
1970:Rituals and uses of holy water
1964:) or "corrupting atmosphere" (
1908:exorcidio te, spiritus immunde
1880:to address the demon in Latin
229:, which appears only once (at
1:
4225:De Antiquis Ecclesiae Ritibus
4092:, edited by Paul Mirecki and
3463:for use in fumigation and as
3211:, as translated and cited in
2909:(Mohr Siebeck, 2004), p. 120
2201:(Mohr Siebeck, 2002), p. 121
1987:
1876:is the term corresponding to
861:a man with an unclean spirit
809:speaks of the future ruin of
473:appears in the Septuagint at
368:. Other demonic entities are
309:
292:insufflation and exsufflation
4142:On the Beliefs of the Greeks
3962:Contemporary English Version
3358:(London, 1901), pp. 270–271
2981:Contemporary English Version
2731:Spirit Possession in Judaism
2620:, the latter specifying the
2582:Spirit Possession in Judaism
2326:23.15-16. See Peter Cramer,
2318:Indicated, for instance, by
2255:IV.1121–24, discussed under
2013:New Revised Standard Version
1900:per deum patrem omnipotentem
1753:and references to Christian
788:pneumata tria akatharta hôs
631:miracles attributed to Jesus
607:space thought hospitable to
249:could be a desired state of
7:
4305:Pieter Willem van der Horst
2992:Or 70 missionaries in some
2682:Pieter Willem van der Horst
2548:; Bernard Jacob Bamberger,
1975:
1689:post-Apostolic Christianity
1639:sin that cannot be forgiven
1567:After coming back from the
1100:traditional Jewish medicine
1066:; the spell implies that a
1038:Chrysostom uses the phrase
818:transitional, liminal sites
275:was routinely prepared for
93:
10:
4407:
4260:, with E.A. Wallis Budge,
3541:The Omphalos and the Cross
2799:Distinctions discussed in
2350:; G.J. Riley, "Demon," in
2342:; Jeffrey Burton Russell,
1869:Latin liturgy and exorcism
1680:
1601:
1563:; that is, he was impure:
1539:, as is suggested also by
1427:; "besides all these, the
1220:shows that the possessing
883:(ta pneumata ta akatharta)
688:came, Jesus went into the
618:
498:syncretic magical practice
313:
78:(πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον; plural
29:
18:
4243:Frederick Edward Warren,
4209:Sacramentarium Gallicanum
4177:Frederick Edward Warren,
3864:American Standard Version
3342:(Routledge, 2004), p. 41
3254:(Routledge, 2003), p. 77
3181:(New York, 1917), p. 445.
3131:New International Version
3095:American Standard Version
2944:New International Version
2709:(Brill, 2007), pp. 98–99.
2309:, introduction, pp. 1–22.
2295:Ritual washing in Judaism
2066:New International Version
2048:, henceforth abbreviated
2017:American Standard Version
1379:, "the spirit of error."
1367:) and demonic teachings (
1096:ancient Egyptian medicine
696:, not as the teachers of
336:," as depicted here in a
316:Demon § Hebrew Bible
294:, or the use of released
69:is a common rendering of
4391:Exorcism in Christianity
3813:, see definitions under
3111:Why I Am Not a Christian
3059:Frogs in popular culture
2876:, "unclean spirit," and
2440:. See W. Gunther Plaut,
2124:10 March 2009, accessed
2031:; "foule sprete" in the
1683:Exorcism in Christianity
1677:Early Christian exorcism
1018:The Pythia is seated on
855:country of the Gerasenes
507:refrain from eating pork
485:") speak in the name of
461:. A cemetery, already a
52:, from the 15th-century
3912:70a: From Marten Stol,
3326:, see p. 355, note 135
2739:Kölner Papyri (P. Köln)
2719:Gregory the Thaumaturge
2604:, part 1, chapters 1–6.
2029:New English Translation
1890:for text from a modern
1779:asking for protection.
1090:regimen throughout the
673:seem to be equivalent.
542:Jewish magical practice
519:Gregory the Thaumaturge
471:To pneuma to akatharton
141:," notes an article in
4371:Demons in Christianity
4271:(London, 1901), p. 35
4264:Blessing of the Waters
4100:, English translation
3920:See also Joel Marcus,
3819:Religion and sexuality
3633:1 Corinthians 10:20–21
3457:Called the Head Shield
3177:Edward John Hamilton,
2723:Precatio et exorcismus
2507:, and "On Demons," in
2279:New Living Translation
2189:First Epistle of Peter
1949:Blessing of the Waters
1816:
1800:
1711:, or a "blowing out."
1599:
1580:
1503:Gerasene demon (above)
1487:ankylosing spondylitis
1464:
1369:didaskaliais daimoniôn
1341:
1320:
1270:
1234:
1072:pneuma enthousiastikon
1044:Science and the Pythia
1036:
962:
931:
903:
895:entering into the boat
842:
771:Animals and liminality
767:
710:
616:
341:
58:
48:drives out a demon or
4381:Christian terminology
4281:Selected bibliography
4219:(Ordo xxi) quoted by
4124:(Brill, 2004), p. 88
3916:(Brill, 1993), p. 76
3914:Epilepsy in Babylonia
3815:Expounding of the Law
3637:1 Corinthians 12:1–11
3129:Translation from the
3093:, quoted here in the
3057:See also articles on
2979:Translation from the
2926:Geoffrey W. Bromley,
2544:(Brill, 1996), p. 66
2479:70 (1980), pp. 35–36.
2446:: A Modern Commentary
2106:Études Rabelaisiennes
2074:and Popular Orthodoxy
2068:. See Karen Hartnup,
1999:For instance, in the
1806:
1792:
1590:
1576:demon of the lavatory
1565:
1459:
1328:
1315:
1288:("belly-talkers" or "
1266:
1226:
1157:by a "working girl" (
1016:
973:as an alternative to
943:
927:
863:(pneumati akathartoi)
844:
834:
735:
678:
599:
550:fumigation by incense
327:
44:
4286:Aune, David Edward.
4188:; Alexander Murray,
4161:Bernadette Filotas,
3876:Francis Taylor Gench
3606:Greek Magical Papyri
3441:: for an unexpelled
3408:: therapies for the
3346:; Cristina Mazzoni,
3280:A Virgin Conceived:
3231:Pneuma pythona below
2703:Greek Magical Papyri
2540:; Daniel C. Harlow,
2499:. See Dan Ben-Amos,
2253:Greek Magical Papyri
2128:20 April 2009; also
1773:miara kai akathartos
1623:leader of the demons
1495:Francis Taylor Gench
1377:to pneuma tês planês
1218:Greek Magical Papyri
647:Acts of the Apostles
637:, 20 occurrences of
621:Christian demonology
564:practice in which a
205:grammatical modifier
172:Christian scriptures
4327:David Noel Freedman
4215:p. 324; also in an
4148:, citing Allatios,
3990:New Century Version
3797:Testament of Reuben
3420:difficulty, p. 139
2122:Scientific American
2025:World English Bible
1937:). The 9th-century
1353:one of his epistles
1179:Greek oracular gods
1086:was a not uncommon
1060:ritual purification
1005:patristic authority
945:Priestess of Delphi
871:(pneuma akatharton)
816:Both animalism and
795:Jewish dietary code
635:Greek New Testament
350:Rabbinic literature
265:ritual purification
235:classical antiquity
211:usage of the words
144:Scientific American
4335:Matthews, Shelly.
3934:The Gospel of Mark
3424:, pp. 141 and 143
3298:PGM I.290–292, in
3250:; Matthew Dillon,
3179:Rational Orthodoxy
3113:," republished in
2899:The Gospel of Mark
2497:2 Chronicles 11:15
2336:Hippolytus of Rome
2108:33 (1998), p. 167
2001:King James Version
1962:spiritus pestilens
1829:(spiritus immundi)
1817:
1801:
1600:
1592:Head of a Pharisee
1557:demon of the privy
1342:
1333:in a 13th-century
1271:
1189:) know the way to
1092:Hippocratic Corpus
963:
955:was inspired by a
849:came to the other
843:
768:
663:The Gospel of Mark
651:Book of Revelation
617:
457:of an ancestor or
342:
269:early Christianity
122:spirit of impurity
118:demonic possession
116:in the context of
90:translates Hebrew
80:pneumata akatharta
59:
55:Très Riches Heures
32:Demonic possession
4366:Demons in Judaism
4345:Wahlen, Clinton.
4049:Greco-Roman world
3960:Matthew 9:32–34 (
3904:Babylonian Talmud
3848:Seven deadly sins
3560:Shelly Matthews,
3242:Barbara E. Goff,
3135:akatharton pneuma
2915:pneuma akatharton
2868:, where the word
2733:, p. 92, note 39
2727:Patrologia Graeca
2618:2 Chronicles 34:4
2438:Deuteronomy 32:17
2417:"Dibbuk (Dybbuk)"
2383:Howard Jacobson,
2197:; Eric Sorensen,
2185:Wayne A. Grudem,
2102:Martianus Capella
1878:pneuma akatharton
1874:Spiritus immundus
1855:sign of the cross
1825:Burchard of Worms
1813:Limburg Cathedral
1798:Lincoln Cathedral
1784:Spiritus immundus
1687:In the period of
1561:relieving himself
1553:Babylonian Talmud
1491:feminist theology
1479:medical diagnosis
1473:writer who was a
1451:pneuma astheneias
1444:Pneuma astheneias
1365:pneumasin planois
1228:Greeting, spirit
1149:visit a woman of
975:pneuma akatharton
961:rising from below
740:class Batrachia (
639:pneuma akatharton
513:. A tradition of
427:Babylonian Talmud
320:Jewish demonology
131:spiritus immundus
84:single occurrence
75:pneuma akatharton
21:pneuma akatharton
4398:
4386:Biblical phrases
4275:
4258:Marquess of Bute
4254:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4217:Ambrosian Ritual
4202:
4196:
4175:
4169:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4110:
4104:
4086:
4080:
4041:
4035:
4024:
4018:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3977:, pp. 1345–1346
3971:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3886:
3873:
3867:
3857:
3851:
3828:
3822:
3807:
3801:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3659:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3603:
3597:
3558:
3552:
3539:; Paul Ciholas,
3526:
3520:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3398:
3392:
3340:Ancient Medicine
3336:
3330:
3316:
3310:
3300:Hans Dieter Betz
3296:
3290:
3258:; Paul Ciholas,
3240:
3234:
3200:Epistles of Paul
3188:
3182:
3175:
3169:
3144:
3138:
3127:
3121:
3107:Bertrand Russell
3104:
3098:
3088:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3063:Egyptian goddess
3035:
3029:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2957:
2951:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2895:
2889:
2862:pneuma akatharta
2850:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2797:
2791:
2776:
2770:
2762:, see Eric Eve,
2748:
2742:
2716:
2710:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2611:
2605:
2595:Greek and Roman
2591:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2530:
2524:
2486:
2480:
2466:
2460:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2385:A Commentary on
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2316:
2310:
2288:
2282:
2275:
2269:
2250:
2244:
2227:
2221:
2211:
2205:
2183:
2177:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2118:
2112:
2086:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2005:Wycliffe's Bible
1997:
1847:spiritus immundi
1604:Unforgivable sin
1583:Unforgivable sin
1199:
1056:carnal relations
911:Bertrand Russell
893:. And as he was
877:a great herd of
780:Revelation 16:13
722:John the Apostle
643:Synoptic Gospels
290:The practice of
108:
107:
101:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4356:
4355:
4283:
4278:
4255:
4251:
4242:
4238:
4203:
4199:
4176:
4172:
4160:
4156:
4139:
4135:
4111:
4107:
4087:
4083:
4042:
4038:
4025:
4021:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3874:
3870:
3858:
3854:
3829:
3825:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3769:
3765:
3756:
3752:
3748:3.25 and 7.3–7.
3737:
3733:
3724:
3720:
3689:
3685:
3679:First Converts,
3676:
3672:
3660:
3656:
3650:First Converts,
3647:
3643:
3627:
3623:
3604:
3600:
3559:
3555:
3528:Alain Boureau,
3527:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3498:
3494:
3467:, pp. 201–202
3399:
3395:
3338:Vivian Nutton,
3337:
3333:
3317:
3313:
3297:
3293:
3276:Mary F. Foskett
3241:
3237:
3217:Greek Virginity
3207:, Homily 29 on
3191:John Chrysostom
3189:
3185:
3176:
3172:
3145:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3105:
3101:
3089:
3085:
3079:Abyzou: Origins
3076:
3072:
3036:
3032:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2974:
2958:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2896:
2892:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2798:
2794:
2786:tradition, see
2777:
2773:
2749:
2745:
2717:
2713:
2680:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2612:
2608:
2592:
2588:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2531:
2527:
2487:
2483:
2467:
2463:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2317:
2313:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2272:
2251:
2247:
2228:
2224:
2212:
2208:
2184:
2180:
2170:The concept of
2159:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2119:
2115:
2100:et la leçon de
2087:
2083:
2063:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2033:Coverdale Bible
1998:
1994:
1990:
1978:
1966:corrumpens aura
1871:
1787:
1777:the Virgin Mary
1685:
1679:
1606:
1596:Mihály Munkácsy
1585:
1513:
1447:
1429:spirit of sleep
1403:(sexual sins),
1359:, Paul defines
1349:
1197:
1183:theos hypsistos
1127:
1020:Apollo's tripod
1008:John Chrysostom
971:patristic texts
938:
923:restless spirit
853:, as into the
851:side of the sea
807:Revelation 18:2
773:
748:compares three
684:, and when the
627:
609:unclean spirits
594:
592:In Christianity
479:pseudoprophetai
378:; originally a
322:
312:
168:
163:The concept of
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4404:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4354:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4320:
4311:
4294:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4266:on the Eve of
4249:
4236:
4221:Edmond Martène
4197:
4170:
4154:
4150:De opinionibus
4133:
4105:
4081:
4036:
4019:
4003:
3994:
3982:
3966:
3953:
3941:
3896:
3887:
3868:
3852:
3823:
3802:
3800:2.1 and 3.2–7.
3788:
3776:
3763:
3759:First Converts
3750:
3731:
3718:
3683:
3670:
3665:, pp. 268–269
3654:
3641:
3631:, p. 240; see
3621:
3598:
3553:
3521:
3505:
3492:
3477:arsenic sulfur
3393:
3331:
3311:
3291:
3235:
3183:
3170:
3139:
3133:, except that
3122:
3099:
3083:
3070:
3030:
2998:
2985:
2972:
2952:
2932:
2919:
2890:
2872:is used; also
2845:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2792:
2771:
2750:Gideon Bohak,
2743:
2711:
2674:
2662:
2642:
2630:
2606:
2593:Daniel Ogden,
2586:
2569:
2557:
2525:
2523:, pp. 194–195.
2493:Leviticus 17:7
2481:
2461:
2422:
2408:
2376:
2364:
2360:Pneuma pythona
2311:
2283:
2270:
2258:Pneuma pythona
2245:
2222:
2206:
2178:
2163:, p. 882. For
2153:
2137:
2113:
2081:
2057:
2037:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1958:per Deum vivum
1951:on the Eve of
1927:Western church
1870:
1867:
1834:Moralia in Job
1786:
1781:
1746:by its use of
1728:birth of Jesus
1681:Main article:
1678:
1675:
1660:were saying, '
1629:controversy."
1602:Main article:
1584:
1581:
1572:(bet ha-kissê)
1512:
1507:
1455:Gospel of Luke
1446:
1441:
1384:pneumata plana
1348:
1346:Pneumata plana
1343:
1335:allegorization
1306:engastrimythoi
1302:Church fathers
1290:ventriloquists
1286:engastrimythoi
1212:to leave her.
1163:pneuma pythona
1131:pneuma pythona
1126:
1124:Pneuma pythona
1121:
1040:pneuma poneron
1024:pneuma poneron
1012:pneuma poneron
967:pneuma poneron
937:
935:Pneuma poneron
932:
840:Gerasene demon
772:
769:
659:daimonizesthai
593:
590:
562:magico-medical
535:servant of God
502:late antiquity
483:false prophets
475:Zechariah 13:2
358:unclean spirit
354:Pseudepigrapha
311:
308:
167:
161:
153:) or "demon" (
150:pneuma ponêron
128:equivalent is
106:רוּחַ טוּמְאָה
67:unclean spirit
50:unclean spirit
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4403:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4213:Jean Mabillon
4211:, edition of
4210:
4206:
4205:Ordo Baptismi
4201:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4181:Celtic Church
4174:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4109:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:cult practice
4054:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3998:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3963:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3860:Luke 13:10–13
3856:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3809:For the term
3806:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3785:
3784:1 Timothy 4:1
3780:
3773:
3772:Contra Celsum
3767:
3760:
3754:
3747:
3746:
3745:Contra Celsum
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3651:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3465:suppositories
3462:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:Contra Celsum
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:1 Corinthians
3206:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3162:Acts 19:12–13
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3147:Matthew 12:45
3143:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3027:
3026:true believer
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:Luke 10:17–20
3002:
2995:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:Matthew 15:22
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:New Testament
2757:
2753:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2622:Kidron Valley
2619:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:Tyndale Bible
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:pneuma alalon
1605:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:Matthew 17:15
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:pneuma alalon
1511:
1510:Pneuma alalon
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Hypsistarians
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Acts 16:16–18
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:gynecological
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:sexual purity
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:— the female
990:
986:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
960:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
936:
930:
926:
924:
920:
919:Matthew 12:43
916:
912:
908:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:mountain side
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
838:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
785:
781:
778:
766:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:Frogs of the
734:
730:
728:
723:
719:
715:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:They went to
677:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
626:
622:
614:
613:Matthew 12:43
610:
606:
602:
598:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Second Temple
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:rûah hattum’â
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
335:
331:
326:
321:
317:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:New Testament
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
166:
160:
158:
157:
152:
151:
146:
145:
140:
135:
133:
132:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:New Testament
110:
102:
100:
99:
96:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
56:
51:
47:
43:
37:
33:
26:
22:
4346:
4336:
4325:. Edited by
4322:
4313:
4300:
4296:
4287:
4261:
4252:
4244:
4239:
4228:
4224:
4200:
4189:
4178:
4173:
4162:
4157:
4152:VII, p. 132.
4149:
4141:
4136:
4121:
4114:Amulets and
4113:
4108:
4094:Marvin Meyer
4089:
4084:
4072:
4064:
4043:In both the
4039:
4027:
4022:
4011:
4006:
3997:
3992:translation.
3985:
3974:
3969:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3933:
3926:Anchor Bible
3921:
3913:
3907:
3899:
3890:
3879:
3871:
3855:
3831:
3826:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3791:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3743:
3734:
3729:, pp. 40–42.
3726:
3721:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3697:71e–72b and
3694:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3662:
3657:
3649:
3644:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3540:
3530:The Myth of
3529:
3524:
3513:
3508:
3495:
3475:, involving
3449:
3438:
3428:
3405:
3401:
3400:Ron Barkai,
3396:
3367:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3303:
3294:
3279:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3224:
3216:
3213:Giulia Sissa
3194:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3142:
3134:
3125:
3114:
3102:
3086:
3073:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2988:
2975:
2964:Matthew 10:1
2955:
2947:
2940:Mark 1:21–28
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2882:daimonizetai
2881:
2869:
2861:
2858:Matthew 10:1
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2800:
2795:
2779:
2774:
2763:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2654:
2651:Transsexuals
2645:
2633:
2625:
2614:2 Kings 23:6
2609:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2560:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2508:
2500:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2475:VIII. 11),"
2472:
2468:
2464:
2453:
2441:
2434:Psalm 106:37
2429:
2425:
2411:
2400:
2395:(equivalent
2387:Pseudo-Philo
2384:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2351:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2324:Apologeticus
2323:
2314:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2145:
2140:
2121:
2116:
2105:
2084:
2072:Leo Allatios
2069:
2060:
2049:
2045:
2040:
1995:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1939:Stowe Missal
1934:
1924:
1919:
1916:exsufflation
1907:
1899:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1858:
1846:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1783:
1772:
1759:
1738:, a "sacred
1713:
1709:exsufflation
1704:
1700:
1686:
1650:Mark 3:20–22
1647:
1631:Mark 3:29–30
1610:
1607:
1591:
1571:
1566:
1545:seleniazetai
1544:
1533:Mark 9:14–29
1524:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1482:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1400:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1350:
1345:
1330:
1321:
1316:
1305:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1256:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1206:Luke 9:49–50
1194:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1109:reproductive
1079:
1071:
1068:sexual union
1039:
1037:
1023:
1017:
1011:
979:
974:
966:
964:
957:
956:
949:John Collier
944:
934:
928:
914:
904:
894:
890:
886:
882:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
850:
847:
845:
836:
821:
815:
787:
774:
762:
757:
749:
727:missionaries
718:Luke 9:49–50
714:12 disciples
711:
679:
675:
670:
666:
665:, the terms
658:
654:
638:
628:
608:
584:scholars in
539:
511:insufflation
495:
490:
478:
470:
423:unclean bird
410:
404:
402:
394:foreign gods
387:
369:
357:
345:
343:
338:Roman mosaic
329:
303:
299:
289:
260:
258:
246:
231:Matthew 8:31
224:
216:
212:
181:
175:
174:, the word
169:
164:
154:
148:
142:
136:
130:
129:
121:
111:
91:
79:
74:
73:
66:
60:
53:
49:
20:
4128:and p. 144
4116:Magic Bowls
3906:, Tractate
3844:New Advent.
3382:Old English
3364:Anglo-Saxon
3204:Corinthians
3091:Mark 5:1–20
2994:manuscripts
2511:Festschrift
2338:, pp. 11ff
1896:Celtic Rite
1843:penitential
1751:antiphonies
1643:theological
1635:Holy Spirit
1449:The phrase
1375:refers to:
1245:Hellenistic
1185:; see also
1129:The phrase
965:The phrase
820:(marked in
566:personified
346:ruaḥ tum'ah
328:The Hebrew
201:Holy Spirit
4360:Categories
4061:Georg Luck
3757:Matthews,
3677:Matthews,
3652:pp. 89–90.
3648:Matthews,
3483:dung, and
3451:Medicament
3445:, p. 189
3378:Lactantius
3166:Acts 15–16
3158:Luke 11:26
3018:Mark 16:17
2948:akatharton
2597:Necromancy
2403:, p. 1248
2320:Tertullian
2175:following.
2064:As in the
1988:References
1931:holy water
1809:holy water
1748:liturgical
1671:Son of Man
1667:Luke 12:10
1397:Israelites
1388:apocryphal
1373:1 John 4:6
1167:akatharton
1117:prophecies
1104:Apollonian
1084:fumigation
1064:abstinence
982:divinatory
947:(1891) by
746:Revelation
649:, and the
619:See also:
603:desert, a
451:incubation
443:revelation
360:refers to
314:See also:
310:In Judaism
302:and Latin
273:catechumen
261:akatharton
199:, and the
88:Septuagint
4140:Hartnup,
4045:Near East
3951:, p. 237.
3574:Hypsistos
3547:See also
3532:Pope Joan
3501:prognosis
3487:, p. 204
3455:Pregnancy
3418:menstrual
3412:, p. 132
3151:Luke 7:21
3049:Israelite
2888:, p. 882.
2874:Mark 7:25
2843:, p. 195.
2830:, p. 239.
2818:, p. 882.
2784:Solomonic
2672:, p. 882.
2628:, p. 527.
2565:Sanhedrin
2374:, p. 882.
2358:See also
2220:, p. 239.
1882:exorcisms
1841:. In his
1839:Gregory I
1697:Eucharist
1662:Beelzebul
1658:Jerusalem
1627:Beelzebub
1619:Pharisees
1475:physician
1425:injustice
1417:arrogance
1413:hypocrisy
1361:apostates
1191:salvation
1155:synagogue
1113:sexuality
1052:virginity
1032:bacchante
899:Decapolis
846:And they
790:batrachoi
758:batrachoi
744:, 1904);
738:amphibian
694:authority
690:synagogue
682:Capernaum
671:daimonion
655:daimonion
633:. In the
586:Palestine
582:Tannaitic
570:inscribed
515:Solomonic
449:required
435:Near East
380:loan-word
352:, and in
251:visionary
233:) and in
217:daimonion
156:daimonion
4376:Exorcism
4268:Epiphany
4144:, p. 97
4047:and the
4034:and 138.
3846:Compare
3770:Origen,
3761:, p. 91.
3699:Phaedrus
3570:paidiskê
3473:delivery
3443:placenta
3374:Eternity
3306:, p. 10
3264:and the
3262:Omphalos
3196:Homilies
3154:Luke 8:2
3061:and the
3022:daimonia
3014:pneumata
3010:daimonia
2968:Luke 9:1
2960:Mark 6:7
2870:daimonia
2866:Luke 9:1
2854:Mark 6:7
2852:Compare
2473:Origines
2098:Rabelais
1976:See also
1953:Epiphany
1912:Milanese
1904:Gallican
1853:and the
1821:Decretum
1807:Cask of
1736:erection
1705:spiritus
1695:and the
1569:lavatory
1537:epilepsy
1525:diabolos
1483:Asthenia
1405:gluttony
1329:Demonic
1278:Pythones
1274:Plutarch
1249:paidiskê
1238:paidiskê
1230:(pneuma)
1195:paidiskê
1159:paidiskê
1151:Thyatira
1141:, after
1076:Plutarch
750:pneumata
702:Nazareth
477:, where
447:prophecy
431:cemetery
384:Akkadian
304:spiritus
285:converts
281:exorcism
182:pneumata
180:(plural
36:Exorcism
4351:online.
4341:online.
4331:online.
4318:online.
4309:online.
4292:online.
4273:online.
4233:online.
4194:online.
4167:online.
4130:online.
4077:online.
4016:online.
3979:online.
3938:online.
3924:, Yale
3918:online.
3884:online.
3840:online.
3811:porneia
3715:online.
3707:online.
3695:Timaeus
3667:online.
3618:online.
3545:online.
3518:online.
3489:online.
3461:tablets
3447:online.
3436:online.
3426:online.
3390:online.
3385:Phoenix
3370:Phoenix
3360:online.
3352:online.
3328:online.
3308:online.
3288:online.
3202:to the
3198:on the
3119:online.
3055:online.
3041:p. 472
2911:online.
2903:online.
2805:online.
2768:online.
2735:online.
2698:online.
2690:online.
2659:online.
2639:online.
2554:online.
2517:online.
2489:Se’irim
2458:online.
2405:online.
2356:online.
2267:online.
2242:online.
2203:online.
2150:online.
2133:archive
2130:WebCite
2110:online.
2094:Mercure
2090:Panurge
2078:online.
2054:online.
1968:); see
1859:immundi
1819:In his
1796:of the
1769:amulets
1766:Aramaic
1732:Serpent
1722:from a
1693:baptism
1654:the law
1617:!" The
1598:, 1881)
1521:alalon,
1469:is the
1437:fantasy
1401:porneia
1357:Timothy
1331:porneia
1282:synonym
1175:pythona
1171:poneron
1135:puthona
1119:false.
987:of the
891:borders
837:unclean
811:Babylon
803:deserts
799:liminal
763:unclean
756:(Greek
742:Haeckel
706:Galilee
698:the law
686:Sabbath
605:liminal
578:Mishnah
544:of the
531:Sabaoth
453:at the
406:se’irim
362:Dybbuks
330:se’irim
277:baptism
243:demigod
221:Judaism
197:spirits
194:demonic
190:angelic
170:In the
86:in the
4256:John,
4186:online
4146:online
4126:online
4098:online
4069:online
4032:online
3930:online
3909:Gittin
3836:online
3740:Origen
3725:Aune,
3681:p. 89.
3661:Aune,
3590:online
3566:online
3537:online
3481:donkey
3469:online
3422:online
3414:online
3410:uterus
3344:online
3324:pneuma
3318:Aune,
3272:online
3256:online
3248:online
3221:Origen
3156:, and
3043:online
2884:; see
2756:online
2602:passim
2580:," in
2578:Geniza
2546:online
2538:online
2505:online
2469:Pilosi
2450:online
2430:Shedim
2397:Hebrew
2393:online
2362:below.
2348:online
2340:online
2332:passim
2303:Mikvah
2301:, and
2234:online
2195:online
2172:pneuma
2166:daimon
2126:online
2104:," in
2092:et de
1910:) and
1892:solemn
1884:; see
1851:Christ
1762:Gyllou
1744:Psalms
1716:papyri
1701:pneuma
1641:. The
1615:Israel
1471:gospel
1423:, and
1382:These
1310:Origen
1298:Python
1294:medium
1276:gives
1268:Origen
1257:mantis
1222:pneuma
1210:pneuma
1165:, not
1080:pneuma
1050:; her
1028:vagina
1001:Delphi
997:Apollo
993:oracle
989:Pythia
985:trance
958:pneuma
953:Pythia
951:; the
915:pneuma
765:animal
760:), an
667:pneuma
601:Judean
574:amulet
572:on an
527:Adonai
523:Elohim
487:Yahweh
439:Europe
419:Azazel
415:satyrs
376:Tanakh
371:shedim
366:demons
318:, and
300:pneuma
296:breath
271:, the
254:trance
247:pneuma
226:daimon
213:pneuma
177:pneuma
165:pneuma
98:tum'ah
25:Pneuma
4102:p. 9.
4053:stele
3691:Plato
3485:pitch
3430:Galen
3266:Cross
3066:Heqet
2519:Also
2444:Torah
2299:Tumah
1982:Demon
1935:aquae
1755:creed
1740:stele
1724:codex
1656:from
1529:Devil
1499:Satan
1433:error
1421:lying
1409:anger
1280:as a
1253:Plato
1202:above
1198:'
1147:Silas
1010:to a
879:swine
859:tombs
784:frogs
754:frogs
558:smoke
463:locus
411:śa‘ir
398:Jahwe
382:from
334:satyr
126:Latin
71:Greek
46:Jesus
4262:The
4051:, a
3817:and
3774:7.5.
3635:and
3453:for
3368:The
3282:Mary
3260:The
3164:and
2856:and
2616:and
2567:65b.
2495:and
2442:The
2436:and
2187:The
1947:The
1863:imps
1720:leaf
1515:The
1467:Luke
1435:and
1339:lust
1284:for
1204:and
1145:and
1143:Paul
1133:(or
980:The
905:The
822:bold
623:and
580:and
554:odor
496:The
467:dump
459:hero
455:tomb
437:and
403:The
389:sedu
215:and
186:soul
95:ruaḥ
34:and
4297:DDD
3949:DDD
3629:DDD
3376:in
3109:, "
2886:DDD
2828:DDD
2816:DDD
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