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377:, in his work on Egypt, has an engraving of an Ethiopian princess travelling through Upper Egypt in a chariot; a kind of umbrella fastened to a stout pole rises in the centre, bearing a close affinity to what are now termed chaise umbrellas. According to Wilkinson's account, the umbrella was generally used throughout Egypt, partly as a mark of distinction, but more on account of its useful than its ornamental qualities. In some paintings on a temple wall, a parasol is held over the figure of a god carried in procession.
2169:
442:, he noticed a lack of umbrellas. Americans generally scorned the devices for their "ridiculous effeminacy". Nevertheless he used his talents in making wooden poles and whale bone ribbed umbrellas to create a new market (steel rib designs would not appear until after 1852). Beehler's success attracted competitors. Baltimore was long recognized as the umbrella capital of the country; at the industry's peak in 1920 there were seven umbrella companies in the city producing millions of umbrellas annually.
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575:, and the description of it given in the explanatory commentary of Lin-hi-ye, both identify it with an umbrella. The latter describes the dais to be composed of 28 arcs, which are equivalent to the ribs of the modern instrument, and the staff supporting the covering to consist of two parts, the upper being a rod 3/18 of a Chinese foot in circumference, and the lower a tube 6/10 in circumference, into which the upper half is capable of sliding and closing.
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the exclusive right to produce folding umbrellas for five years. A model was purchased by the
Princess Palatine in 1712, and she enthused about it to her aristocratic friends, making it an essential fashion item for Parisiennes. In 1759, a French scientist named Navarre presented a new design to the French Academy of Sciences for an umbrella combined with a cane. Pressing a small button on the side of the cane opened the umbrella.
1670:
708:
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something answerable to the forme of a little cannopy, & hooped in the inside with divers little wooden hoopes that extend the umbrella in a pretty large compasse. They are used especially by horsemen, who carry them in their hands when they ride, fastening the end of the handle upon one of their thighs, and they impart so large a shadow unto them, that it keepeth the heate of the sunne from the upper parts of their bodies.
52:
1207:"The common usage for quite some time now is not to go out without an umbrella, and to have the inconvenience of carrying it under your arm for six months in order to use it perhaps six times. Those who do not want to be mistaken for vulgar people much prefer to take the risk of being soaked, rather than to be regarded as someone who goes on foot; an umbrella is a sure sign of someone who doesn't have his own carriage."
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1280:, Crusoe constructs his own umbrella in imitation of those that he had seen used in Brazil, covered with skins "so that it cast off the rains like a penthouse, and kept off the sun so effectually, that I could walk out in the hottest of the weather with greater advantage than I could before in the coolest". From this description the original heavy umbrella came to be called "Robinson" for many years in England.
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549:, which remains in an unaltered form to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high-ranking (though not necessarily royalty) in China. The use of umbrella as a social marker indicating and classifying the identities and social class of its users started by the post-
1627:(the papal arms used between the death of a pope and the election of his successor). This umbraculum is normally made of alternating red and gold fabric, and is usually displayed in a partially unfolded manner. The popes have traditionally bestowed the use of the umbraculum as a mark of honor upon specific persons and places. The use of an umbraculum is one of the honorary symbols of a
1058:, gives a drawing from the Harleian MS., No. 604, which represents an Anglo-Saxon gentleman walking out attended by his servant, the servant carrying an umbrella with a handle that slopes backwards, so as to bring the umbrella over the head of the person in front. It probably could not be closed, but otherwise it looks like an ordinary umbrella, and the ribs are represented distinctly.
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made it technically and structurally possible to build very large convertible umbrellas. The first umbrellas of this kind (Federal Garden
Exhibition, Kassel, 1955) were fixed, Frei Otto constructed the first convertible large umbrellas for the Federal Garden Exhibition in Cologne 1971. In 1978 he built a group of ten convertible umbrellas for British rock group
1146:(1617) is a similar allusion to the habit of carrying umbrellas in hot countries "to auoide the beames of the Sunne". Their employment, says the author, is dangerous, "because they gather the heate into a pyramidall point, and thence cast it down perpendicularly upon the head, except they know how to carry them for auoyding that danger".
1312:, the founder of the Magdalen Hospital, has the credit of being the first man who ventured to dare public reproach and ridicule by carrying one habitually in London. As he died in 1786, and he is said to have carried an umbrella for thirty years, the date of its first use by him may be set down at about 1750.
557:. On at least one occasion, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the emperor when he went out hunting. The umbrella served in this case as a defence against rain rather than sun. The Chinese and Japanese traditional parasol, often used near temples, remains similar to the original ancient Chinese design.
949:, formed of skin or leather, and capable of being lowered at will. There are frequent references to the umbrella in the Roman Classics, and it appears that it was, not unlikely, a post of honour among maid-servants to bear it over their mistresses. Allusions to it are tolerably frequent in the poets. (
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transformed the universally used individual umbrella into an item of lightweight architecture. He developed a new umbrella form, based on the minimum surface principle. The tension loaded membrane of the funnel-shaped umbrella is now stretched under the compression-loaded bars. This construction type
1308:, when writing from Paris in 1752; he speaks of the use of umbrellas for protection from the sun and rain and wonders why a similar practice did not occur in England. About the same time, umbrellas came into general use as people found their value and got over the shyness natural to its introduction.
1061:
The use of the parasol and umbrella in France and
England was adopted, probably from China, about the middle of the seventeenth century. At that period, pictorial representations of it are frequently found, some of which exhibit the peculiar broad and deep canopy belonging to the large parasol of the
881:
of Greece eventually led to a brief period – between 505 and 470BC – where men used parasols. Vase iconography bears witness to a transition from men carrying swords, then spears, then staffs, then parasols, to eventually nothing. The parasol, at that time of its fashion, displayed the luxury of the
486:
representing a king in his chariot, with an attendant holding a parasol over his head, dating from c. 710 BC. It has a curtain hanging down behind, but is otherwise exactly like those in use today. It is reserved exclusively for the monarch (who was bald), and is never carried over any other person.
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10 (winds of up to 100 km/h or 70 mp/h) and won't turn inside-out like a regular umbrella as well as being equipped with so-called ‘eye savers’ which protect others from being accidentally wounded by the tips. Hoogendoorn's storm umbrella was nominated for and won several design awards and was
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employs four full-time examiners to assess them. As of 2008, the office registered 3000 active patents on umbrella-related inventions. Nonetheless, Totes, the largest
American umbrella producer, has stopped accepting unsolicited proposals. Its director of umbrella development was reported as saying
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The first lightweight folding umbrella in Europe was introduced in 1710 by a Paris merchant named Jean Marius, whose shop was located near the barrier of Saint-Honoré. It could be opened and closed in the same way as modern umbrellas and weighed less than one kilogram. Marius received from the King
1786:
Umbrellas with a reflective inside are used by photographers as a diffusion device when employing artificial lighting, and as a glare shield and shade, most often in portrait situations. Some umbrellas are shoot-through umbrellas, meaning the light goes through the umbrella and is diffused, rather
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relates that in 1770, he used to be addressed as, "Frenchman, Frenchman! why don't you call a coach?" whenever he went out with his umbrella. By 1788 however they seem to have been accepted: a London newspaper advertises the sale of "improved and pocket
Umbrellas, on steel frames, with every other
1116:
a fan, a canopie. also a testern or cloth of state for a prince. also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they vse to ride with in sommer in Italy, a little shade. Also a bonegrace for a woman. Also the husk or cod of any seede or corne. also a broad spreding bunch, as of fenell, nill, or elder
1320:
Since then, the umbrella has come into general use, in consequence of numerous improvements. In China people learned how to waterproof their paper umbrellas with wax and lacquer. The transition to the present portable form is due, partly, to the substitution of silk and gingham for the heavy and
1226:
In 1769, the Maison
Antoine, a store at the Magasin d'Italie on rue Saint-Denis, was the first to offer umbrellas for rent to those caught in downpours, and it became a common practice. The Lieutenant General of Police of Paris issued regulations for the rental umbrellas; they were made of oiled
108:
Generally speaking, parasols and umbrellas are small, handheld, personal use items. Golf umbrellas are the biggest hand-portable umbrellas available. There are two types of umbrellas: completely collapsible umbrellas, which can be folded up into a small enough bag because of the supporting metal
768:
umbrellas were fastened on the same stick, was permitted to the king alone; the nobles carried a single umbrella with painted cloths hanging from it. The
Talapoins (who seem to have been a sort of Siamese monks) had umbrellas made of a palm-leaf cut and folded, so that the stem formed a handle.
767:
in 1687 and 1688, wrote an account entitled a "New
Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam", which was translated in 1693 into English. According to his account, the use of the umbrella was granted to only some of the subjects by the king. An umbrella with several circles, as if two or three
1103:
And many of them doe carry other fine things of a far greater price, that will cost at the least a duckat, which they commonly call in the
Italian tongue umbrellas, that is, things which minister shadowve to them for shelter against the scorching heate of the sunne. These are made of leather,
1234:
on rue des
Vielles-Haudriettes, received the first patent given for an invention in France for a new model of umbrella. By 1813 there were 42 shops; by 1848 there were three hundred seventy-seven small shops making umbrellas in Paris, employing 1400 workers. One of the well-known makers was
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1490:
While the predominant canopy shape of an umbrella is round, canopy shapes have been streamlined to improve aerodynamic response to wind. Examples include the stealth-shaped canopy of Rizotti (1996), scoop-shaped canopy of Lisciandro (2004), and teardrop-shaped canopies of Hollinger (2004).
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would always recover each of his arrows immediately. One time however, it took her a whole day to fetch the arrow, and she later blamed the heat of the sun for the delay. The angry Jamadagni shot an arrow at the sun. The sun begged for mercy and offered Renuka an umbrella.
1168:) began to appear in the 1660s, when the fabric of parasols carried for protection against the sun was coated with wax. The inventory of the French royal court in 1763 mentioned "eleven parasols of taffeta in different colours" as well as "three parasols of waxed
112:
Hand-held umbrellas have a type of handle which can be made from wood, a plastic cylinder or a bent "crook" handle (like the handle of a cane). Umbrellas are available in a range of price and quality points, ranging from inexpensive, modest quality models sold at
985:, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the umbrella and parasol were largely forgotten in Europe, for the next few centuries. Beginning in the 8th century, there are numerous contemporary depictions and descriptions of umbrellas and parasols during the remainder of the
1371:
109:
pole's ability to retract, and non-collapsible umbrellas, which only have the canopy that can be folded up. Manually operated umbrellas and spring-loaded automatic umbrellas, which open with a button press, can also be distinguished from one another.
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princes is large and heavy, and requires a special attendant, who has a regular position in the royal household. In Ava it seems to have been part of the king's title, that he was "King of the white elephant, and Lord of the twenty-four umbrellas."
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An umbrello; a (fashion of) round and broad fanne, wherewith the Indians (and from them our great ones) preserve themselves from the heat of a scorching sunne; and hence any little shadow, fanne, or thing, wherewith women hide their faces from the
502:
has an article on the subject in his 1815 "History of Persia." In some sculptures, the figure of a king appears attended by a servant, who carries over his head an umbrella, complete with stretchers and runner. In other sculptures on the rock at
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1752:, on their heads in procession to a body of water, which will then be blessed. Brightly colored embroidered and fringed liturgical parasols are carried above the Tabota during this procession. Such processions also take place on other major
394:'s umbrella bearer, the others also spin their umbrellas in tune with the music produced by drummers while accompanying their "Ohene". Umbrellas were also used to provide coolness as well as highlight the importance of the various leaders.
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1404:) by the Balogh brothers, whose patent request was admitted in 1923 by the Royal Notary Public of Szombathely. Later on their patent was also approved in Austria, Germany, Belgium, France, Poland, Great Britain and the United States.
989:, predominantly used in the religious ceremonies of the church. By the 8th century, the umbrella and parasol was firmly established in the church, seen as honorific and symbolic. The earliest visual record is an "8th century image of
1085:
of Japan and China to France. Among the curiosities were "fans like those our ladies use, but much larger, and with long handles, strangely carved and filled with Chinese characters", which is evidently a description of the parasol.
957:, lib. xi., Ch. 73.; lib. xiv, Ch. 28, 130; Ovid Ars. Am., ii., 209). From such mentions the umbrella seems to have been employed as a defense from sun, but references to its use as a protection against rain, while rare, also exist (
968:
who came to Rome for protection, and certainly it appears not infrequently on Etruscan vases and pottery, as also on later gems and rubies. One gem, figured by Pacudius, shows an umbrella with a bent handle, sloping backwards.
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decorated with a 4th-century BC painting ascribed to Nikias; it depicted the figure of a woman, "and by her stood a female slave, bearing a parasol". For a man to carry one was considered a mark of effeminacy. In Aristophanes'
2978:
Simpson, Elizabeth (2014): "A Parasol from Tumulus P at Gordion", in: Engin, Atilla; Helwing, Barbara; Uysal, Bora (eds.): "Armizzi. Engin Özgen'e Armağan / Studies in Honor of Engin Özgen", Ankara, pp. 237–246 (240),
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Simpson, Elizabeth (2014): "A Parasol from Tumulus P at Gordion", in: Engin, Atilla; Helwing, Barbara; Uysal, Bora (eds.): "Armizzi. Engin Özgen'e Armağan / Studies in Honor of Engin Özgen", Ankara, pp. 237–246 (239),
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From Greece it is probable that the use of the parasol passed to Rome, where it seems to have been usually used by women, while it was the custom even for effeminate men to defend themselves from the heat by means of the
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added that this collapsible umbrella of Wang Mang's carriage had bendable joints which enabled them to be extended or retracted. A 1st century collapsible umbrella has since been recovered from the tomb of Wang Guang at
389:
began using umbrellas is uncertain. However, in the 1800s, the Amanhene (senior chiefs) were using large multicolored umbrellas. Umbrellas were used during festivals as streets of Kumasi were paraded with them. Like the
1415:(Academy of Fine Arts), developed a prototype for an improved compact foldable umbrella for which she received a patent on 19 September 1929. The umbrella was called "Flirt" and manufactured by the Austrian company "
4047:
1423:". In Germany, the small foldable umbrellas were produced by the company "Knirps", which became a synonym in the German language for small foldable umbrellas in general. In 1969, Bradford E Phillips, the owner of
545:. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs (the branching out parts of an umbrella). Others assert that the idea was probably derived from the
779:
in which he styles himself "His great, glorious, and most excellent Majesty, who reigns over the kingdoms of Thunaparanta, Tampadipa, and all the great umbrella-wearing chiefs of the Eastern countries".
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1304:
The use of the umbrella or parasol (though not unknown) was uncommon in England during the earlier half of the eighteenth century, as is evident from the comment made by General (then Lieut.-Colonel)
2202:
1031:("Madonna of the Umbrella"), in which the Virgin Mary is sheltered by a cherub carrying a large, red umbrella (see image). Umbrellas were regarded as marks of distinction for the pope and clergy.
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user's lifestyle. During the period of their usage, Greek style was inspired by the Persian and Lydian nobility's way of dressing: loose robes, long decorated hair, gold, jewellery, and perfume.
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2046:'s American tour. The great beauty of these lightweight structures inspired many subsequent projects built all over the world. The largest convertible umbrellas built until now were designed by
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As a canopy of state, umbrellas were generally used in southern and eastern Europe, and then passed from the imperial court into church ceremony. They are found in the ceremonies of the
507:, supposed to be not less than twelve centuries old, a deer-hunt is represented, at which a king looks on, seated on a horse, and having an umbrella borne over his head by an attendant.
1530:
The umbrella is used in weather forecasting as an icon for rain. Two variations, a plain umbrella (☂, U+2602) and an umbrella with raindrops overhead (☔, U+2614), are encoded in the
1448:. The production had since been relocated to China and other Asian countries and has become ubiquitous on Japanese streets due to its affordability, aesthetics, and ease of access.
1444:
Transparent umbrellas, often made with plastic or composite materials, were invented in 1958 by Mitsuo Sudou. The transparent umbrellas were popularized as fashion items during the
91:
is used when protecting oneself from sunlight, though the terms continue to be used interchangeably. Often the difference is the material used for the canopy; some parasols are not
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Helps and hints how to protect life and property. [Followed by] Particulars and recommendations of the Stadium, or British national arena for manly and defensive exercises
1099:, published in 1611, about a century and a half prior to the general introduction of the umbrella into England, is a reference to a custom of riders in Italy using umbrellas:
1441:
Golf umbrellas, one of the largest sizes in common use, are typically around 62 inches (157 cm) across but can range anywhere from 60 to 70 inches (150 to 180 cm).
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605:
bronze castings of complex bronze socketed hinges with locking slides and bolts—which could have been used for parasols and umbrellas—were found in an archeological site of
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2853:
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2: Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 70–71.
1796:
1287:, in one of his voyages in the late 18th century, reported seeing some of the natives of the South Pacific Islands with umbrellas made of palm leaves. In the highlands of
830:). Ancient umbrellas could be opened and shut, but rigid examples may have also existed. The earliest archaeological evidence for a collapsible umbrella was unearthed in
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1716:
and its carrier by a server in short processions taking place indoors, or until the priest is met at the sanctuary entrance by the bearers of the processional canopy or
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2: Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 71.
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2: Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 70.
1251:
became the umbrella capital of France. The town still produces about half the umbrellas made in France; the umbrella factories there employ about one hundred workers.
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est. 1828 was the first umbrella manufacturing company in the United States. Francis Beehler was a woodcarver in his home country of Germany. After he immigrated to
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troublesome oiled silk, which admitted of the ribs and frames being made much lighter, and also to many ingenious mechanical improvements in the framework.
3122:
van Wees, H. (1998). "Greeks Bearing Arms: The State, the Leisure Class and the Display of Weapons in Archaic Greece". In Fisher, N.; van Wees, H. (eds.).
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Xiaohan Zhou; Xiaoping Hu (2020). "Human Factors Engineering Research on Folding Umbrellas Design". In Francisco Rebelo; Marcelo Marcio Soares (eds.).
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that while umbrellas are so ordinary that everyone thinks about them, "it's difficult to come up with an umbrella idea that hasn’t already been done."
408:
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mentions metal ribs at the end of the eighteenth century, and they were also on sale in London during the 1780s. Modern designs usually employ a
993:, showing him followed by a servant carrying an umbrella." The earliest known written evidence of the parasol is also from the 8th century, when
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628:), that was printed in about 1270 AD features a picture of a collapsible umbrella that is exactly like the modern umbrella of today's China.
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he noted that only the governor of the town and the next three officials in seniority were allowed to have "a roundell carried over them."
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supported by wooden or metal ribs that is mounted on a wooden, metal, or plastic pole. It is usually designed to protect a person against
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alone had more than a thousand umbrella factories. In the US alone, about 33 million umbrellas, worth $ 348 million, are sold each year.
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Umbrellas are now a consumer product with a large global market. As of 2008, most umbrellas worldwide are made in China, mostly in the
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806:), depicts a male figure, interpreted as a solar deity, standing in a three-wheeled chariot with an attached parasol held above him.
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99:. Umbrella canopies may be made of fabric or flexible plastic. There are also combinations of parasol and umbrella that are called
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571:), dating some 2,400 years ago, directs that a dais should be placed upon the imperial cars. The figure of this dais contained in
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models. Larger parasols capable of blocking the sun for several people are often used as fixed or semi-fixed devices, used with
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Joost Crouwel: A Note on Two Mycenaean Parasol Kraters, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 71 (1976), pp. 55–56
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In 2007, a 23-year-old woman in Rome was killed by another woman in the subway by stabbing through the eye using an umbrella.
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In 2019, a priest in Berlin was killed by having an umbrella rammed upward through his open mouth, piercing into his brain.
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2808:. AHFE 2019 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA. Cham: Springer.
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2655:(1999): "Parasols in the Ancient Near East", "Source: Notes in the History of Art", Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 1–7 (1)
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The oldest extant example of a parasols appears in the archaeological record around 2310 BC, in a victory stele of
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leaves the Banks home in Cherry Tree Lane, London, with the wind carrying her, by blowing into her opened umbrella.
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Umbrellas continue to be actively developed. In the US, so many umbrella-related patents are being filed that the
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Kersey's Dictionary (1708) describes an umbrella as a "screen commonly used by women to keep off rain".
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as the character was well known for carrying an umbrella, although this usage is now dated or obsolete.
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1845:, sometimes referred to as the "Umbrella Revolution", protesters used umbrellas as shields against the
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in the Netherlands, invented an aerodynamically streamlined storm umbrella (with a similar shape as a
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green silk, and carried a number so they could be found and reclaimed if someone walked off with one.
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describes a sort of screen or umbrella worn by Spanish women, but this is not like a modern umbrella.
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and his team at SL-Rasch to provide shelter from sun and rain for the great mosques in Saudi Arabia.
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umbrellas had frames of wood or baleen, but these devices were expensive and hard to fold when wet.
909:, or foreign residents, carried parasols over the heads of Athenian women as a mark of inferiority.
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from one of those churches has the privilege of having an umbrella carried over his head in solemn
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1720:. It is regularly white or golden (the colours reserved for the Holy Sacrament) and made of silk.
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2021:, has Kirby using a parasol as a weapon. It is also used to slow Kirby's descent when in the air.
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In Britain, umbrellas were sometimes referred to as "gamps" after the character Mrs. Gamp in the
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instructed women on how they could defend themselves from ruffians with an umbrella or parasol.
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Book of Physiognomical, Astrological and Ornithomantic Divination according to the Three Schools
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588:(r. 9–23) had one designed for a ceremonial four-wheeled carriage. The 2nd-century commentator
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involve a parasol, which served as a roof structure and provided cover from the sun and wind.
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255:, used often in Australia, Ireland, Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
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M. C. Miller, "The Parasol: An Oriental Status-Symbol in Late Archaic and Classical Athens",
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901:, the umbrella was used, and in an old bas-relief, the same god is represented as descending
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369:-leaves or coloured feathers fixed on a long handle, resembling those now carried behind the
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is widely believed to have developed a modified umbrella that could deliver a deadly pellet.
853:, σκιάδειον), was an indispensable adjunct to a lady of fashion in the late 5th century BC.
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contains a reference to a collapsible umbrella, mentioning its usage in the year 21 AD when
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mentions it among the common articles of female use; they could apparently open and close.
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3174:"A European History of the Parasol through the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries"
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1263:
1219:
1176:("against the rain") did not enter the dictionary of the Académie française until 1718.
1172:, decorated around the edges with lace of gold and silver". They were rare, and the word
479:
439:
3283:
2960:
2561:
1806:
In 1897, journalist J. F. Sullivan proposed the umbrella as a misunderstood weapon in a
361:, around 2450 BC. The parasol is found in various shapes. Typically it is depicted as a
6414:
5926:
5089:
4978:
4944:
4939:
4912:
4782:
4682:
3147:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Sciadephoria"
2441:
2383:
2358:
2047:
1908:
1875:
1673:
1471:
1416:
1297:
1154:
1022:
1014:
842:. The sliding mechanism of the two pieces is remarkably similar to those in use today.
645:
and eventually spread across several East, South and Southeast Asian countries such as
632:
516:
374:
3776:
3552:
3417:
3352:
2024:
Players use victory reward umbrellas to glide into the battle arena in the video game
6372:
6296:
6239:
6145:
6072:
5956:
5752:
5690:
5466:
5451:
5425:
5206:
5035:
4988:
4973:
4697:
4640:
4516:
4370:
4330:
4309:
4212:
3322:
3255:
3044:
2980:
2884:
2827:
2817:
2781:
2722:
2461:
2348:
1893:, was beaten to death with an umbrella by ex-doctoral student Maleafisha Steve Tladi.
1643:
1570:
1522:
Alan Kaufman's "Nubrella" and Greg Brebner's "Blunt" are other contemporary designs.
1254:
1244:
1150:
796:
763:
Simon de la Loubère, who was Envoy Extraordinary from the French King to the King of
702:
594:
237:
76:
2135:
1803:
in several methods of using an umbrella as an improvised weapon against highwaymen.
6377:
6234:
6165:
6150:
5779:
5488:
4934:
4897:
4772:
4707:
4665:
4506:
2809:
2741:
2119:
2085:
1952:
1916:
1834:
1745:
1515:. The umbrella is sold in Europe as the Senz umbrella and is sold under license by
1503:
1044:
846:
823:
598:
262:
126:
2221:
1994:
A high-tech bullet-resistant umbrella is used extensively as a weapon in the film
1662:(wide-brimmed cardinal's hat) may derive from this umbrella. Beatiano, an Italian
1243:, based in Lyon. By the end of the century, however, cheaper manufacturers in the
1074:
for 22 June 1664, mentions a collection of rarities shown to him by "Thompson", a
6395:
6323:
6276:
6085:
5941:
5863:
5826:
5762:
5493:
5405:
5390:
5342:
5261:
5256:
5221:
5211:
5128:
5106:
4807:
4767:
4521:
4468:
4262:
4196:
4187:
3926:
3907:
3884:
3865:
3861:
3783:
3736:
3445:
3202:
3017:
2967:
2813:
2748:
2699:
2448:
2393:
2159:
2139:
2100:
1964:
1807:
1276:
1122:
998:
834:
in a context from about 700 BC and follows closely the shape of a slightly older
526:
471:
232:
152:
5624:
3532:"1987 U.S. Patent Patent number: 4760610, Patent by Bing T. Wu for Umbrella Hat"
1889:, Brian Hahn, associate professor of mathematics and applied mathematics at the
1230:
By 1808 there were seven shops making and selling umbrellas in Paris; one shop,
802:, a ceramic sculpture found in Serbia dating from c. 1300 BC (attributed to the
6303:
5936:
5767:
5757:
5683:
5602:
5395:
5322:
5159:
5084:
5069:
5020:
5005:
5000:
4961:
4902:
4859:
4852:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4630:
4595:
3625:
2718:
Asante Catholicism; Religious and Cultural Reproduction among the Akan of Ghana
2620:
2388:
2178:
2013:
1765:
1636:
1577:
1551:
1516:
1428:
1391:
1075:
742:, in his 17th century book "Voyage to the East", says that on each side of the
491:
386:
118:
114:
6090:
4157:"Killer rammed umbrella into priest's mouth piercing brain in horrific attack"
3729:
3531:
2906:"From Dupljaja to Delphi: the ceremonial use of the wagon in later prehistory"
2831:
6434:
6408:
6328:
6318:
6291:
6281:
6251:
6222:
5809:
5772:
5747:
5742:
5337:
5241:
5236:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5074:
4812:
4802:
4747:
3743:, New Tang Dynasty Television, 5 November 2008 (featuring Gerwin Hoogendoorn)
3275:
3003:
2950:
2155:
2062:
2005:
1867:
1818:
1677:
1614:
1322:
1240:
1184:
1139:
1090:
990:
743:
567:
358:
60:
4608:
214:
6335:
6155:
5476:
5362:
5357:
5231:
5169:
5096:
4919:
4742:
4712:
4655:
4414:
4161:
2378:
2054:
1968:
1886:
1846:
1822:
1632:
1623:
1618:
1589:
1495:
1435:
1408:
1309:
1271:
1158:
905:
with a small umbrella in his hand. In the Panathenæa, the daughters of the
854:
712:
643:
640:
613:
602:
554:
550:
530:
504:
499:
416:
412:
3448:(Did you know that the foldable pocket umbrella is a Hungarian invention?)
1666:, says that "a vermilion umbrella in a field argent symbolizes dominion".
1203:
Their use became widespread in Paris. In 1768, a Paris magazine reported:
635:
also originated in China and was spread among the common people after the
147:
6256:
6217:
5951:
5946:
5911:
5831:
5737:
5612:
5592:
5587:
5525:
5515:
5510:
5498:
5481:
5461:
5456:
5216:
5164:
5154:
5113:
5025:
4954:
4907:
4757:
4752:
4650:
4538:
4533:
4451:
3285:
A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal, 1669 to 1679
2001:
1976:
1960:
1854:
1617:. Although the popes no longer use it personally, it is displayed on the
1397:
National Umbrella Day is held on 10 February each year around the world.
1305:
1292:
1109:
1065:
994:
986:
920:
carried the parasols of the Athenian maidens and this service was called
913:
886:
746:'s throne were two umbrellas, and also describes the hall of the King of
724:
636:
580:
419:
was reported to have used an umbrella made from feathers and gold as its
122:
2692:
1478:
1247:
replaced Paris as the centre of umbrella manufacturing, and the town of
1039:
56:
6200:
6175:
6170:
6105:
6095:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5931:
5878:
5784:
5710:
5607:
5570:
5552:
5352:
5301:
5179:
5174:
5138:
5030:
5015:
4874:
4864:
4842:
4817:
4660:
4618:
4568:
4563:
4441:
4131:"Omicidio in metro a Roma: Matei ottiene affidamento a servizi sociali"
2373:
2343:
2299:
2043:
1941:
1931:
1736:, umbrellas are used liturgically to show honor to a person (such as a
1655:
1609:
1585:
1562:
1507:
1284:
871:
772:
658:
495:
483:
464:
391:
338:
137:
92:
4276:"AD Classics: Centre Le Corbusier (Heidi Weber Museum) / Le Corbusier"
3901:"Diffusers & Reflectors - soft lighting usually the best lighting"
1112:'s "A WORLD of Words" (1598), the Italian word Ombrella is translated
681:, where it has been further developed with different characteristics.
6244:
6227:
6135:
6052:
5873:
5845:
5678:
5542:
5503:
5471:
5271:
5226:
5101:
5079:
4869:
4724:
4702:
4573:
4548:
4528:
3803:
3080:
2303:
2038:
1948:
1753:
1713:
1483:
1452:
965:
894:
728:
666:
601:. The Chinese collapsible umbrella may predate Wang's tomb, however.
585:
423:, an identifying marker that is the equivalent of a modern flag. The
366:
362:
346:
43:
3458:
1407:
In 1928, Hans Haupt's pocket umbrellas appeared. In Vienna in 1928,
1239:, which was located at rue Royale 20 from 1880 to 1939. Another was
6125:
6100:
6057:
6042:
5971:
5921:
5916:
5893:
5868:
5858:
5853:
5821:
5804:
5705:
5656:
5619:
5547:
5537:
5446:
5438:
5385:
5327:
5296:
5276:
5184:
5010:
4993:
4968:
4929:
4924:
4847:
4797:
4792:
4734:
4623:
4613:
4553:
4498:
4473:
4424:
4419:
4396:
4353:
2905:
1984:
1850:
1826:
1769:
1669:
1628:
1460:
1288:
1248:
898:
799:
720:
707:
670:
650:
460:
345:
of an Egyptian parasol. These were used as sunshade and fan alike (
6390:
6347:
6313:
6286:
6130:
6115:
6110:
6080:
6029:
6019:
6014:
5961:
5906:
5883:
5722:
5668:
5663:
5575:
5532:
5332:
4983:
4889:
4717:
4677:
4670:
4558:
4543:
4456:
2767:
Baltimore, 1797-1997: Bringing Our Heritage into the 21st Century
1697:
1592:
1535:
1464:
1401:
1231:
958:
954:
878:
835:
684:
678:
654:
606:
589:
475:
51:
4071:"Detectives on the trail of defector's poison umbrella assassin"
3653:"United States Patent: 5642747 - Hand-held aerodynamic umbrella"
3107:
The taming of the aristoi – an ancient Greek civilizing process?
6185:
6140:
6062:
6047:
6004:
5901:
5794:
5732:
5717:
5597:
5367:
5317:
5246:
4822:
4692:
4603:
4585:
4511:
4483:
4463:
4446:
4436:
1956:
1741:
1737:
1689:
1681:
1663:
1659:
1456:
1344:
1082:
1078:
970:
937:
917:
906:
890:
889:, the feast of Athene Sciras, a white parasol was borne by the
862:
732:
538:
342:
87:
is traditionally used when protecting oneself from rain, while
2693:
Available online as Gutenberg etext 6674, retrieved March 2005
6190:
6120:
5816:
5789:
5727:
5651:
5580:
5520:
5347:
5251:
5198:
5047:
4787:
4762:
4645:
4635:
4580:
4404:
2996:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2847:
1972:
1871:
1749:
1685:
1558:
1424:
1348:
1330:
831:
751:
750:
was decorated with an umbrella. The chháta of the Indian and
662:
646:
248:
198:
6160:
6037:
6009:
5979:
5799:
5673:
5419:
5052:
4884:
4488:
4478:
4322:
4209:
Frei Otto. Das Gesamtwerk: Leicht Bauen Natürlich Gestalten
4010:"Self-Defence With An Umbrella (Daily Mirror, Jan. 9 1902)"
1980:
1400:
The pocket (foldable) umbrella was invented in Uraiújfalu (
950:
764:
747:
674:
546:
529:
carriage with an umbrella securely fixed to the side, from
370:
80:
4228:
4040:"Images of Hong Kong's 'Umbrella Revolution' Tell a Story"
2856:
2838:
2648:
2646:
1764:
A decorated parasol is ushered over relics and statues of
1062:
Chinese Government officials, borne by native attendants.
537:
The creation of the umbrella is attributed to the wife of
5291:
4431:
4409:
3777:
Senz umbrella tested by the hosts of Good Morning America
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
2017:
video game series, one of Kirby's Copy Abilities, called
1988:
1879:
4062:
3439:
Tudta-e, hogy magyar találmány az összecsukható esernyő?
1431:, obtained a patent for his "working folding umbrella".
964:
According to Gorius, the umbrella came to Rome from the
639:. It started to be introduced in other countries in the
494:, the parasol is repeatedly found in the carved work of
228:
records the first recorded usage in this sense in 1611.
3621:"Thinking in the Rain: An artist takes on the umbrella"
3553:"What is a golf umbrella? Conjecture Corporation, 2013"
3489:
2803:
2643:
822:
Parasols are first attested on pottery shards from the
4077:. No. International. Birmingham (UK). p. 6.
3292:
2525:
2208:
Woman with a Parasol – Madame Monet and Her Son, 1875
4201:
3929:
Strobist examines the use of shoot-through umbrellas
3126:. London: Classical Press of Wales. pp. 361–62.
2559:
1438:as early as 1880 and at least as recently as 1987.
27:
Canopy designed to protect against rain or sunlight
3730:Dutch Designs at 100% Tokyo Design Expo on YouTube
3504:
2560:
2526:
161:, meaning 'to shield from' derived from the Latin
3938:
1825:weapons were incorporated into the repertoire of
191:, which means 'rain' (which in turn derives from
6406:
2956:Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines
2883:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 16.
1787:than reflecting off the inside of the umbrella.
731:was a skilled bow shooter, and his devoted wife
4229:"SL-RASCH – Special and Lightweight Structures"
3887:, Delft University of Technology, spring 2008 (
3124:Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence
560:The ancient book of Chinese ceremonies, called
3488:. Powerhouse Museum, Australia. Archived from
3451:
3288:. Printed for the Hakluyt Society. p. 86.
2521:
2519:
1744:(Epiphany), priests will carry a model of the
1676:clergymen lead a procession in celebration of
1363:Umbrellas for rent in the Taipei subway system
30:"Parasol" redirects here. For other uses, see
4338:
3854:Opnieuw designprijs voor Delftse stormparaplu
3245:
2769:. Encino, CA: Cherbo Pub. Group. p. 121.
2710:
2708:
1723:
1642:A large umbrella is displayed in each of the
1635:and carried in processions by the basilica's
3794:
3792:
3516:, Totes-Isotoner Corporation, archived from
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
2683:
2681:
1903:
1378:A stream of people and umbrellas inside the
1127:Dictionary of the French and English Tongues
320:. When used for sun it is called a parasol.
186:
180:
174:
168:
156:
3815:
3813:
3577:
2938:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2516:
885:It also had religious significance. In the
219:
192:
162:
4345:
4331:
4189:Schirmkonstruktionen von Frei Otto - Arch+
3772:
3770:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3580:"The white rose that blossoms in the rain"
2705:
2138:with a parasol hoisted above his head, by
1817:Between 1899 and 1902, both umbrellas and
1768:, scriptures of the Buddhist doctrine and
1688:around the church's exterior, assisted by
1179:
1129:(1614), the French Ombrelle is translated
129:, or as points of shade on a sunny beach.
4231:. Institute for Scientific Architecture.
3789:
3614:
3612:
3380:
3378:
3222:
2876:
2760:
2754:
2330:The Umbrellas (Christo and Jeanne-Claude)
1740:) or a holy object. In the ceremonies of
1188:Parisians in the rain with umbrellas, by
787:is one of the royal regalia of Thailand.
5437:
3955:
3810:
3596:
3249:
3194:
3121:
2691:. London: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin .
2658:
2597:. oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from
2553:
1907:
1860:
1790:
1668:
1557:
1545:
1541:
1477:
1434:Umbrellas have also been fashioned into
1385:
1366:
1358:
1253:
1210:
1183:
1038:
1008:
997:(757-767) bestowed a jeweled parasol to
931:
813:
706:
683:
520:
454:
337:
136:
50:
42:
4267:
4255:The Stuttgart School of Building Design
4068:
3968:: 167–172 – via Books.google.com.
3767:
3746:
2627:. Worldwidewords.org. 13 October 2002.
1333:-ribbed umbrella in 1852; however, the
14:
6407:
6208:
4303:
4273:
4235:from the original on 14 September 2019
3618:
3609:
3599:"History of Plastic Umbrella in Japan"
3559:from the original on 27 September 2013
3524:
3428:from the original on 20 November 2016.
3375:
3363:from the original on 30 September 2019
3305:
3274:
3268:
2423:from the original on 23 September 2020
1411:, a student studying sculpture at the
316:). When used for snow, it is called a
4326:
4282:from the original on 25 December 2015
4081:from the original on 28 November 2018
3711:from the original on 10 November 2013
3681:from the original on 10 November 2013
3341:. London: Everyman's Library. p. 114.
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2714:
1700:also uses an umbrella, known as the
818:Ancient Greek pottery from ca. 440 BC
4274:Molloy, Jonathan (24 January 2013).
4137:from the original on 8 December 2021
3578:K.T. Martin, Alex (6 October 2019).
3254:. Elibron Classics. pp. 35–37.
3200:
3136:Kurke, 1992: 96; cf. Neer, 2002: 19.
2903:
2581:participating institution membership
2547:participating institution membership
2451:, Carver Umbrellas, 28 February 2007
1940:, used an umbrella which was also a
1866:In 1978, Bulgarian dissident writer
1613:(Latin) is an historic piece of the
450:
280:). An umbrella may also be called a
224:, meaning 'shaded' or 'shadow'. The
6353:Global trade of secondhand clothing
4111:from the original on 2 October 2013
3659:from the original on 30 April 2017.
3153:from the original on 9 October 2022
2763:"The First American Made Umbrellas"
2625:– Origin of the word "Bumbershoot""
2505:from the original on 28 August 2021
2476:from the original on 27 August 2021
2251:, woman with Japanese parasol, 1933
2236:Colin Campbell Cooper, Summer, 1918
1959:, sports umbrellas as weapons with
1567:Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka
1343:steel trunk; new materials such as
24:
4050:from the original on 21 March 2021
4020:from the original on 17 April 2021
3990:from the original on 23 April 2023
3760:, Delft University of Technology (
3633:from the original on 29 April 2010
3619:Orlean, Susan (11 February 2008).
3597:Kurihara, Juju (17 October 2011).
3545:
3467:from the original on 23 April 2011
2790:
2631:from the original on 16 April 2018
2032:
2000:(2015), by characters Harry Hart (
1870:was killed in London by a dose of
1734:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1631:and may be used in the basilica's
1598:
1413:Akademie der Bildenden Kunste Wien
897:to the Phalerus. In the feasts of
478:, the parasol appears frequently.
25:
6446:
4306:Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris
3385:"The Times". 13 February 1788: 3.
3319:Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris
2317:Shop decoration in Budapest, 2016
1934:, in the 1960s television series
1885:In 2005, in a well-known case in
1775:
1498:industrial design student of the
1482:Testing a Senz storm umbrella in
1351:often replace the original silk.
1001:as part of a peace settlement.
861:describes a tomb near Triteia in
809:
758:
688:A Japanese oil-paper parasol for
427:was carried by the army general.
380:
294:nineteenth century, French origin
6389:
3701:"Espacenet – Bibliographic data"
3671:"Espacenet – Bibliographic data"
3350:
2806:Advances in Ergonomics in Design
2751:Mexico — Pre-Hispanic Flags
2322:
2310:
2291:
2275:
2256:
2241:
2229:
2213:
2201:
2186:
2167:
2147:
2127:
2107:
2092:
2078:
1801:How to Protect Life and Property
874:uses one as a comical disguise.
696:
430:
333:
4297:
4247:
4221:
4181:
4169:from the original on 6 May 2021
4149:
4123:
4093:
4032:
4002:
3972:
3949:
3932:
3913:
3894:
3871:
3843:
3723:
3693:
3663:
3645:
3590:
3571:
3478:
3432:
3410:
3344:
3331:
3311:
3171:
3165:
3139:
3130:
3115:
3099:
3086:
3073:
3064:
3051:
3036:
3023:
2989:
2972:
2929:
2920:
2897:
2870:
2773:
2735:
2099:Couple under umbrella in snow,
1832:In January 1902, an article in
1799:instructed readers of his book
1419:" and their German associates "
1056:Domestic Manners of the English
1034:
1004:
927:
609:, dated to the 6th century BC.
553:period and continued up to the
459:Bas-relief of the Persian king
353:The earliest known parasols in
268:A parasol may also be called a
179:(French) similarly consists of
3939:Berenger (baron.), De (1835).
3821:"Contemporary parasol designs"
3799:An umbrella to defeat the wind
2687:Sangster, William, 1808–1888.
2613:
2587:
2487:
2470:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2454:
2435:
2405:
1759:
1500:Delft University of Technology
1494:In 2005 Gerwin Hoogendoorn, a
976:
727:relates the following legend:
402:
314:rare, facetious American slang
205:shields from sunlight while a
13:
1:
4069:Marsden, Sam (21 June 2008).
3110:History of the Human Sciences
2941:, John Murray, London, 1875:
2742:"Mexico - Pre-Hispanic Flags"
2399:
2074:Umbrellas and parasols in art
2053:Later works by the architect
1692:holding liturgical umbrellas.
1525:
1354:
541:, who invented it during the
55:Woman holding an umbrella at
4352:
4044:sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com
2814:10.1007/978-3-030-20227-9_14
2715:Obeng, J.Pashington (1996).
1997:Kingsman: The Secret Service
1043:Marchesa Elena Grimaldi, by
265:from the late 19th century.
132:
105:(French for "in any case").
7:
4101:"UCT prof dies of injuries"
3252:Umbrellas and their history
3250:Sangster, William (2005) .
3079:Pherecrates fr.70 PCG apud
2877:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2003).
2689:Umbrellas and Their History
2462:"History and Etymology for
2337:
2298:Contemporary Street Art in
2286:. It was dedicated in 2005.
936:Etruscan drinking cup from
877:Cultural changes among the
397:
117:to expensive, finely made,
10:
6451:
6363:List of individual dresses
4014:bartitsuclubofchicago.com/
3984:UMBRELLAS DIRECT AUSTRALIA
3321:, (1996), Robert Laffont,
2997:
2904:Pare, Christopher (1995).
2761:Bernstein, Amy L. (1997).
2364:Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella
2114:The parasol is one of the
1797:Charles Random de Berenger
1779:
1730:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1724:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1658:. It is possible that the
1486:, using a high-powered fan
1317:kind of common Umbrella."
1013:Madonna dell'Ombrello, by
953:Fast. lib. ii., 1. 31 I.;
785:Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella
711:Woman holding an umbrella
700:
514:
323:
29:
6386:
6269:
6199:
6071:
6028:
5970:
5892:
5844:
5644:
5563:
5433:
5418:
5378:
5310:
5284:
5270:
5197:
5147:
5060:
5046:
4883:
4733:
4594:
4497:
4395:
4360:
3980:"HISTORY OF THE UMBRELLA"
3920:"Rethinking the Umbrella"
3112:: July 2014 vol. 27 no. 3
2698:23 September 2020 at the
2568:Oxford English Dictionary
2534:Oxford English Dictionary
2284:Teresa Cristina of Brazil
2220:Woman with a parasol, by
2154:Japanese girl jumps from
2134:A painting of Chancellor
2068:
1904:In arts and entertainment
1301:are used as an umbrella.
1164:In France, the umbrella (
790:
775:directed a letter to the
625:
621:
616:Chinese divination book,
474:. In later sculptures at
328:
226:Oxford English Dictionary
201:word for rain). Hence, a
95:, and some umbrellas are
32:Umbrella (disambiguation)
3958:"A Misunderstood Weapon"
3956:Sullivan, J. F. (1897).
3735:20 November 2015 at the
3061:, 1347–1348 and scholia.
2947:Charles Victor Daremberg
2595:"oxforddictionaries.com"
2268:George Blackall Simmonds
2116:Eight Auspicious Symbols
1772:, as a sign of respect.
1550:Grand Procession of the
983:fall of the Roman Empire
893:of the goddess from the
510:
436:Beehler Umbrella Factory
385:The exact date when the
306:British, informal, dated
36:Parasol (disambiguation)
4304:Fierro, Alfred (1996).
4195:3 December 2013 at the
3925:19 October 2010 at the
3705:worldwide.espacenet.com
3675:worldwide.espacenet.com
3418:"National Umbrella Day"
3208:Encyclopedia Britannica
3013:A Greek–English Lexicon
2966:12 January 2020 at the
2747:13 January 2010 at the
2653:White Muscarella, Oscar
2573:Oxford University Press
2539:Oxford University Press
2369:The Umbrella Man (song)
2264:Statue of George Palmer
2026:Fortnite: Battle Royale
1891:University of Cape Town
1843:2014 Hong Kong protests
1782:Reflector (photography)
1684:carry ornately covered
1588:, and form part of the
1463:provinces. The city of
1336:Encyclopédie Méthodique
1216:Paris Street; Rainy Day
1180:18th and 19th centuries
1021:A 1530 depiction is in
740:Jean Baptiste Tavernier
445:
261:is a rare and fanciful
218:evolved from the Latin
6368:Reconstructed clothing
3555:. Wisegeek.com. 2013.
3398:Cite journal requires
3337:Defoe, Daniel (1992).
3280:Temple, Richard Carnac
3083:, 13.612a and 15.687a.
2721:. Vol. 1. BRILL.
2442:"Parts of an Umbrella"
2354:James Smith & Sons
2249:Victor Gabriel Gilbert
1920:
1708:. It is held over the
1693:
1580:, were borne over the
1573:
1555:
1519:in the United States.
1506:) which can withstand
1487:
1394:
1383:
1364:
1295:, the large fronds of
1267:
1258:A parasol depicted in
1223:
1209:
1193:
1136:
1119:
1106:
1048:
1018:
941:
819:
716:
693:
534:
467:
350:
220:
193:
187:
181:
175:
169:
163:
157:
155:) is a combination of
142:
64:
48:
4261:27 March 2014 at the
4207:Nerdinger, Winfried:
4046:. 29 September 2014.
3910:DT&G Photographic
3782:5 August 2011 at the
3758:Dossier SENZ umbrella
3105:Jon Ploug Jørgensen,
3004:Liddell, Henry George
2495:"Umbrella: A History"
2194:Pierre-Auguste Renoir
1911:
1861:Examples of incidents
1791:As a weapon of attack
1672:
1561:
1549:
1542:In religious ceremony
1532:Miscellaneous Symbols
1481:
1421:Kortenbach & Rauh
1389:
1382:on a rainy autumn day
1380:Tokyo Imperial Palace
1377:
1362:
1257:
1214:
1205:
1187:
1153:'s 1676 visit to the
1131:
1114:
1101:
1042:
1028:Madonna dell Ombrello
1012:
935:
824:late Mycenaean period
817:
710:
690:Japanese tea ceremony
687:
524:
482:gives a picture of a
458:
341:
140:
54:
46:
6309:Environmental impact
3883:26 June 2011 at the
3860:26 June 2011 at the
3486:"Prototype umbrella"
3422:thedaysoftheyear.com
3353:"Dipteris conjugata"
3181:Margaret Roe Designs
1513:Good Morning America
1190:Louis-Léopold Boilly
991:Bishop John of Pavia
840:excavated at Gordion
777:Marquis of Dalhousie
624:) by Yuan Tianwang (
543:Warring State Period
355:Ancient Egyptian art
141:Parts of an umbrella
6420:Fashion accessories
6396:Clothing portal
4133:. 28 January 2017.
4107:. 5 February 2005.
3962:The Ludgate Monthly
3906:27 May 2007 at the
3825:National Geographic
3444:5 June 2019 at the
3033:112 (1992), p. 91 .
2601:on 9 September 2012
2571:(Online ed.).
2537:(Online ed.).
2499:merriam-webster.com
2417:Merriam-webster.com
2059:Centre Le Corbusier
2004:) and Eggsy Unwin (
1795:In 1835, the Baron
1446:1964 Tokyo Olympics
1347:, plastic film and
1264:John Singer Sargent
1220:Gustave Caillebotte
940:, Italy, 350–300 BC
637:Eastern Han dynasty
480:Austen Henry Layard
440:Baltimore, Maryland
209:shields from rain.
4308:. Robert Laffont.
3070:Pausanias, 7.22.6.
2447:3 May 2007 at the
2384:Umbrella marketing
2359:Oil-paper umbrella
2282:Statue of Empress
2048:Mahmoud Bodo Rasch
1924:The magical nanny
1921:
1694:
1674:Ethiopian Orthodox
1574:
1556:
1488:
1472:U.S. Patent Office
1425:Totes Incorporated
1395:
1390:Beach parasols in
1384:
1365:
1298:Dipteris conjugata
1268:
1224:
1194:
1155:East India Company
1049:
1023:Girolamo dai Libri
1019:
1015:Girolamo dai Libri
942:
820:
717:
694:
633:oil-paper umbrella
535:
533:'s tomb, c. 210 BC
517:Oil-paper umbrella
468:
375:Gardiner Wilkinson
351:
173:, meaning 'sun'.
143:
65:
49:
6425:French inventions
6402:
6401:
6373:Right to clothing
6297:Halloween costume
6265:
6264:
6240:black lounge suit
5840:
5839:
5640:
5639:
5414:
5413:
5193:
5192:
4278:. archdaily.com.
4165:. 12 April 2019.
3357:lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg
3261:978-1-4021-6168-1
3045:Thesmophoriazusae
2985:978-605-5487-59-1
2823:978-3-030-20227-9
2786:978-605-5487-59-1
2728:978-90-04-10631-4
2579:(Subscription or
2545:(Subscription or
2349:Cocktail umbrella
2196:, Umbrellas, 1883
1876:modified umbrella
1650:who receives his
1644:Basilicas of Rome
1603:An umbrella, the
1571:Winona, Minnesota
1375:
1237:Boutique Bétaille
1151:Streynsham Master
703:Chatra (umbrella)
595:Lelang Commandery
451:Ancient Near East
357:date back to the
238:Martin Chuzzlewit
151:(originally from
127:outdoor furniture
16:(Redirected from
6442:
6394:
6393:
6378:Vintage clothing
6206:
6205:
6151:Pocket protector
5435:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5391:Bodysuit, infant
5282:
5281:
5063:formal, informal
5058:
5057:
4898:Ceremonial dress
4347:
4340:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4271:
4265:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4225:
4219:
4205:
4199:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3936:
3930:
3917:
3911:
3898:
3892:
3878:Senz development
3875:
3869:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3827:. Archived from
3817:
3808:
3796:
3787:
3774:
3765:
3755:
3744:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3492:on 14 April 2015
3482:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3455:
3449:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3351:Chia, Lee Kong.
3348:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3317:Fierro, Alfred,
3315:
3309:
3303:
3290:
3289:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3247:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3103:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3040:
3034:
3027:
3021:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2880:Indian Mythology
2874:
2868:
2865:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2801:
2788:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2752:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2712:
2703:
2685:
2656:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2501:, 9 April 2020,
2491:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2458:
2452:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2409:
2326:
2314:
2295:
2279:
2260:
2245:
2233:
2217:
2205:
2190:
2171:
2151:
2131:
2120:Tibetan Buddhism
2111:
2096:
2086:Utagawa Kunisada
2082:
1965:rocket launchers
1917:Leicester Square
1835:The Daily Mirror
1810:article for the
1746:Tablets of Stone
1376:
1045:Anthony van Dyck
847:Classical Greece
800:Dupljaja chariot
627:
623:
599:Korean Peninsula
463:(485–465 BC) at
411:district of the
373:in processions.
223:
196:
190:
184:
178:
172:
166:
160:
119:designer-labeled
21:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6430:Protective gear
6405:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6388:
6382:
6324:made-to-measure
6277:Clothing fetish
6261:
6195:
6067:
6024:
5966:
5942:Square leg suit
5888:
5864:Blanket sleeper
5836:
5827:Sleeved blanket
5636:
5559:
5424:
5422:
5410:
5386:Bodysuit, adult
5374:
5306:
5274:
5266:
5189:
5143:
5062:
5050:
5042:
4888:
4879:
4729:
4590:
4493:
4391:
4390:
4356:
4351:
4316:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4272:
4268:
4263:Wayback Machine
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4206:
4202:
4197:Wayback Machine
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4075:Birmingham Post
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3954:
3950:
3937:
3933:
3927:Wayback Machine
3918:
3914:
3908:Wayback Machine
3899:
3895:
3885:Wayback Machine
3876:
3872:
3866:NRC Handelsblad
3862:Wayback Machine
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3831:on 29 July 2013
3819:
3818:
3811:
3797:
3790:
3784:Wayback Machine
3775:
3768:
3756:
3747:
3737:Wayback Machine
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3617:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3584:The Japan Times
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3520:on 1 March 2010
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3446:Wayback Machine
3437:
3433:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3349:
3345:
3339:Robinson Crusoe
3336:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3308:, p. 1047.
3304:
3293:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3248:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3201:Tikkanen, Amy.
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3172:Roe, Margaret.
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3120:
3116:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3052:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3018:Perseus Project
2994:
2990:
2977:
2973:
2968:Wayback Machine
2935:William Smith:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2824:
2802:
2791:
2778:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2749:Wayback Machine
2740:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2706:
2700:Wayback Machine
2686:
2659:
2651:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2449:Wayback Machine
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:Umbrella (song)
2340:
2333:
2327:
2318:
2315:
2306:
2296:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2237:
2234:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2182:
2172:
2163:
2160:Suzuki Harunobu
2152:
2143:
2140:Charles Le Brun
2132:
2123:
2112:
2103:
2101:Suzuki Harunobu
2097:
2088:
2083:
2071:
2035:
2033:In architecture
1906:
1874:injected via a
1863:
1812:Ludgate Monthly
1808:tongue-in-cheek
1793:
1784:
1778:
1762:
1726:
1696:Roman Catholic
1648:cardinal bishop
1601:
1599:Catholic Church
1544:
1528:
1367:
1357:
1277:Robinson Crusoe
1182:
1123:Randle Cotgrave
1037:
1007:
999:Pepin the Short
979:
930:
924:(σκιαδηφορία).
916:, daughters of
849:, the parasol (
828:c. 1320–1190 BC
812:
804:Dubovac culture
793:
761:
705:
699:
527:Terracotta Army
519:
513:
472:Sargon of Akkad
453:
448:
433:
405:
400:
383:
336:
331:
326:
233:Charles Dickens
135:
115:discount stores
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6448:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6400:
6399:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6304:Cross-dressing
6301:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6284:
6279:
6273:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6214:
6212:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5776:
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5765:
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5755:
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5708:
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5449:
5443:
5441:
5428:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5396:Long underwear
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5323:Training pants
5320:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5279:
5268:
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4815:
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4800:
4795:
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4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
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4739:
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4728:
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4715:
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4700:
4695:
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4668:
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4638:
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4628:
4627:
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4616:
4611:
4600:
4598:
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4591:
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4588:
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4578:
4577:
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4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4315:2-221--07862-4
4314:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4266:
4246:
4220:
4200:
4180:
4148:
4122:
4092:
4061:
4031:
4001:
3971:
3948:
3945:. p. 118.
3931:
3912:
3893:
3889:WebCite mirror
3870:
3868:, 21 July 2008
3842:
3809:
3807:, 5 March 2007
3788:
3786:, 7 March 2007
3766:
3762:WebCite mirror
3745:
3722:
3692:
3662:
3644:
3626:The New Yorker
3608:
3589:
3570:
3544:
3523:
3503:
3477:
3450:
3431:
3409:
3400:|journal=
3374:
3343:
3330:
3310:
3291:
3276:Bowrey, Thomas
3267:
3260:
3221:
3193:
3164:
3138:
3129:
3114:
3098:
3092:Aristophanes,
3085:
3072:
3063:
3057:Aristophanes,
3050:
3042:Aristophanes,
3035:
3022:
2988:
2971:
2928:
2919:
2896:
2889:
2869:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2822:
2789:
2772:
2753:
2734:
2727:
2704:
2657:
2642:
2623:WorldWideWords
2612:
2586:
2552:
2528:"umbrella, n."
2515:
2486:
2453:
2434:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:Umbrella stand
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
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2339:
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2335:
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2274:
2272:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2179:Francisco Goya
2173:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2136:Pierre Séguier
2133:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2009:
1992:
1955:, an enemy of
1945:
1929:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1883:
1862:
1859:
1819:walking sticks
1792:
1789:
1780:Main article:
1777:
1776:In photography
1774:
1761:
1758:
1732:, such as the
1725:
1722:
1710:Holy Sacrament
1600:
1597:
1578:Byzantine Rite
1554:(16th century)
1552:Doge of Venice
1543:
1540:
1527:
1524:
1429:Loveland, Ohio
1409:Slawa Horowitz
1392:Selce, Croatia
1356:
1353:
1314:John Macdonald
1181:
1178:
1157:'s factory in
1081:, sent by the
1076:Roman Catholic
1036:
1033:
1006:
1003:
978:
975:
929:
926:
811:
810:Ancient Greece
808:
792:
789:
760:
759:Southeast Asia
757:
698:
695:
512:
509:
452:
449:
447:
444:
432:
429:
404:
401:
399:
396:
382:
381:Ashanti Empire
379:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
274:beach umbrella
185:combined with
134:
131:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6447:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
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6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6329:ready-to-wear
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:haute couture
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6292:creature suit
6290:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Clothing swap
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6223:morning dress
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6192:
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6137:
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6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
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6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
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6092:
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6074:
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6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
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6041:
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6036:
6035:
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6031:
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6021:
6018:
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6001:
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5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
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5981:
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5958:
5955:
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5930:
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5925:
5923:
5920:
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5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5810:dressing gown
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5417:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Plastic pants
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Princess line
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Bouffant gown
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:Formal, semi-
5059:
5056:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4813:Pedal pushers
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
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4535:
4532:
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4527:
4523:
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4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
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4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
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4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
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4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4217:3-7643-7233-8
4214:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4049:
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4035:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4005:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3944:
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3928:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3909:
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3882:
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3874:
3867:
3863:
3859:
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3822:
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3814:
3806:
3805:
3800:
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3763:
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3672:
3666:
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3600:
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3507:
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3466:
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3447:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3405:
3392:
3381:
3379:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3327:2-221-07862-4
3324:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3277:
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3054:
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3019:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3008:Scott, Robert
3005:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2951:Edmond Saglio
2948:
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2915:
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2907:
2900:
2892:
2890:0-89281-870-0
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2504:
2500:
2496:
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2475:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:"En-tout-cas"
2408:
2404:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
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2250:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2222:Édouard Manet
2216:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:Kiyomizu-dera
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2063:Villa Shodhan
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:In the 1950s
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2006:Taron Egerton
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:flamethrowers
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:Georgi Markov
1865:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1830:
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1731:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:Saint Michael
1675:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1615:papal regalia
1612:
1611:
1607:(Italian) or
1606:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:stealth plane
1501:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
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1442:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Brüder Wüster
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:invented the
1328:
1324:
1323:Victorian era
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
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1228:
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1201:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:Fynes Moryson
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:Thomas Coryat
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:Thomas Wright
1046:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
974:
972:
967:
962:
961:, ix., 50.).
960:
956:
952:
948:
939:
934:
925:
923:
919:
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910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
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888:
883:
880:
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873:
869:
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848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
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816:
807:
805:
801:
798:
788:
786:
781:
778:
774:
773:King of Burma
769:
766:
756:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
714:
709:
704:
697:Ancient India
691:
686:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
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648:
644:
642:
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634:
629:
619:
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608:
604:
600:
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587:
583:
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569:
568:Rites of Zhou
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
523:
518:
508:
506:
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497:
493:
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477:
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466:
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443:
441:
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431:United States
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
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395:
393:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:Fifth Dynasty
356:
348:
344:
340:
334:Ancient Egypt
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
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217:
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177:
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154:
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139:
130:
128:
124:
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116:
110:
106:
104:
103:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:is a folding
74:
70:
62:
58:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6336:Fur clothing
6180:
6156:Pocket watch
5477:British Warm
5452:Chesterfield
5363:boxer shorts
5358:boxer briefs
5090:little black
4743:Bell-bottoms
4713:sweater vest
4305:
4298:Bibliography
4284:. Retrieved
4269:
4254:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4223:
4208:
4203:
4188:
4183:
4171:. Retrieved
4162:Daily Mirror
4160:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4104:
4095:
4085:14 September
4083:. Retrieved
4074:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4043:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4013:
4004:
3992:. Retrieved
3983:
3974:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3934:
3915:
3896:
3873:
3853:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:the original
3802:
3740:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3704:
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3624:
3602:
3592:
3583:
3573:
3563:23 September
3561:. Retrieved
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3526:
3518:the original
3512:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:the original
3480:
3469:, retrieved
3459:
3453:
3434:
3421:
3412:
3391:cite journal
3367:30 September
3365:. Retrieved
3356:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3318:
3313:
3284:
3270:
3251:
3212:. Retrieved
3206:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3180:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3141:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3106:
3101:
3096:, 1549–1551.
3093:
3088:
3075:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3011:
2991:
2974:
2954:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2879:
2872:
2849:
2840:
2805:
2775:
2766:
2756:
2737:
2717:
2688:
2633:. Retrieved
2622:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2599:the original
2589:
2566:
2562:"umbra, n.1"
2555:
2532:
2507:, retrieved
2498:
2489:
2478:, retrieved
2469:
2463:
2456:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2379:Umbrella Hat
2174:
2055:Le Corbusier
2052:
2036:
2018:
2012:
1995:
1977:switchblades
1961:machine guns
1937:The Avengers
1935:
1926:Mary Poppins
1913:Mary Poppins
1887:South Africa
1847:pepper spray
1840:
1833:
1831:
1823:self defence
1816:
1811:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1785:
1763:
1727:
1717:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1641:
1633:coat of arms
1624:sede vacante
1622:
1619:coat of arms
1608:
1604:
1602:
1575:
1529:
1521:
1511:featured on
1493:
1489:
1469:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1433:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1334:
1319:
1310:Jonas Hanway
1303:
1296:
1282:
1275:
1272:Daniel Defoe
1269:
1260:Morning Walk
1259:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:Masulipatnam
1148:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1035:17th century
1027:
1025:'s painting
1020:
1005:16th century
980:
963:
946:
943:
928:Ancient Rome
922:sciadephoria
921:
911:
902:
884:
876:
867:
855:Aristophanes
850:
844:
821:
794:
782:
771:In 1855 the
770:
762:
738:
718:
713:Gupta Empire
641:Tang dynasty
630:
617:
614:Song dynasty
611:
603:Zhou dynasty
579:
577:
572:
565:
561:
559:
555:Ming dynasty
536:
531:Qin Shihuang
505:Taghe-Bostan
500:John Malcolm
489:
469:
434:
424:
420:
417:Tenochtitlan
406:
384:
352:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
267:
258:
257:
252:
244:
243:
236:
230:
213:
211:
206:
202:
146:
144:
123:patio tables
111:
107:
101:
100:
88:
84:
72:
68:
66:
40:
6235:Semi-formal
6201:Dress codes
6091:Boutonnière
6073:Accessories
5952:Swim diaper
5947:Swim briefs
5912:Boardshorts
5832:Windbreaker
5593:Suit jacket
5588:Mess jacket
5482:Guards Coat
5401:See-through
5165:Romper suit
4539:Neck gaiter
4534:Neckerchief
4381:Terminology
4286:24 December
3715:10 November
3685:10 November
3306:Fierro 1996
2175:The Parasol
2002:Colin Firth
1855:riot police
1841:During the
1760:In Buddhism
1748:, called a
1728:In several
1718:baldacchino
1656:processions
1341:telescoping
1306:James Wolfe
1293:Philippines
1110:John Florio
1066:John Evelyn
995:Pope Paul I
987:Middle Ages
977:Middle Ages
914:Panathenaea
912:During the
891:priestesses
887:Scirophoria
725:Mahabharata
581:Book of Han
403:Mesoamerica
365:, a fan of
310:bumbershoot
263:Americanism
259:Bumbershoot
102:en-tout-cas
97:transparent
83:. The term
47:An umbrella
6409:Categories
6176:Suspenders
6171:Sunglasses
6106:Cummerbund
6096:Coin purse
6000:Flip-flops
5995:Dress shoe
5990:Dress boot
5985:Court shoe
5932:Rash guard
5879:Nightshirt
5753:Harrington
5711:pellegrina
5571:Frock coat
5564:Suit coats
5553:Mackintosh
5494:Over-frock
5353:Underpants
5302:Undershirt
5175:Shirtdress
5016:boilersuit
4913:diplomatic
4875:Yoga pants
4865:Sweatpants
4778:High water
4773:Go-to-hell
4666:sleeveless
4619:halterneck
4609:cache-cœur
4529:Lavallière
4376:Technology
4239:20 January
4115:10 October
3850:(in Dutch)
3835:10 October
3741:Asia Brief
3537:10 October
3463:, Knirps,
3203:"Umbrella"
2943:Umbraculum
2832:1104083491
2635:10 October
2605:10 October
2583:required.)
2549:required.)
2400:References
2374:Umbraculum
2344:Brumbrella
2300:Port Louis
2044:Pink Floyd
1942:swordstick
1932:John Steed
1915:statue in
1754:feast days
1706:ombrellino
1702:umbraculum
1610:umbraculum
1605:ombrellino
1590:Pontifical
1586:procession
1563:Umbraculum
1526:Other uses
1508:wind force
1355:Modern use
1327:Samuel Fox
1285:James Cook
947:Umbraculum
903:ad inferos
872:Prometheus
797:Bronze Age
701:See also:
659:Bangladesh
515:See also:
498:, and Sir
496:Persepolis
484:bas-relief
465:Persepolis
392:Asantehene
278:US English
93:waterproof
6415:Umbrellas
6245:black tie
6228:white tie
6136:Jewellery
6053:Pantyhose
5927:One-piece
5874:Nightgown
5846:Nightwear
5684:Inverness
5679:ferraiolo
5504:shadbelly
5472:Greatcoat
5439:Overcoats
5426:outerwear
5272:Underwear
5227:Miniskirt
5212:Ballerina
5129:Strapless
5107:debutante
5102:ball gown
5080:Coatdress
5021:cleanroom
4979:Religious
4974:Political
4870:Windpants
4808:Parachute
4725:Waistcoat
4703:polo neck
4054:4 October
3804:The Times
3603:Iromegane
3157:9 October
3081:Athenaeus
2998:σκιάδειον
2910:Antiquity
2509:28 August
2480:27 August
2304:Mauritius
2039:Frei Otto
1949:DC Comics
1714:Eucharist
1534:block of
1484:Rotterdam
1453:Guangdong
1174:parapluie
1166:parapluie
1144:Itinerary
1096:Crudities
1068:, in his
1054:, in his
966:Etruscans
895:Acropolis
859:Pausanias
851:skiadeion
838:specimen
729:Jamadagni
667:Sri Lanka
586:Wang Mang
363:flabellum
347:flabellum
318:paraneige
298:rainshade
290:parapluie
251:word for
212:The word
207:parapluie
176:Parapluie
145:The word
133:Etymology
125:or other
18:Umbrellas
6252:Informal
6181:Umbrella
6126:Headband
6101:Cufflink
6058:Stocking
6043:Hold-ups
5972:Footwear
5922:Monokini
5917:Dry suit
5894:Swimwear
5869:Negligee
5859:Babygrow
5854:Babydoll
5822:Ski suit
5805:bathrobe
5785:Lab coat
5763:mackinaw
5706:mozzetta
5696:monastic
5657:pinafore
5620:Tailcoat
5548:Raincoat
5328:Leggings
5297:Camisole
5277:lingerie
5185:Sundress
5085:Cocktail
5070:Backless
5011:Workwear
4994:vestment
4989:clerical
4969:Pantsuit
4935:Military
4930:Jumpsuit
4925:Jodhpuri
4903:academic
4890:uniforms
4860:Slim-fit
4848:hotpants
4798:Overalls
4793:Jodhpurs
4735:Trousers
4688:guernsey
4683:cardigan
4624:tube top
4614:crop top
4522:Clerical
4499:Neckwear
4474:Kerchief
4415:baseball
4397:Headwear
4386:Timeline
4371:Industry
4354:Clothing
4280:Archived
4259:Archived
4233:Archived
4211:, 2005,
4193:Archived
4173:27 March
4167:Archived
4141:27 March
4135:Archived
4109:Archived
4079:Archived
4048:Archived
4024:10 March
4018:Archived
3994:23 April
3988:Archived
3923:Archived
3904:Archived
3881:Archived
3858:Archived
3780:Archived
3733:Archived
3709:Archived
3679:Archived
3657:Archived
3637:24 April
3631:Archived
3557:Archived
3513:About Us
3496:14 April
3471:16 April
3465:archived
3442:Archived
3426:Archived
3361:Archived
3278:(1895).
3214:1 August
3151:Archived
2964:Archived
2745:Archived
2696:Archived
2629:Archived
2503:archived
2474:archived
2445:Archived
2421:Archived
2338:See also
2057:such as
1985:ray guns
1919:, London
1853:used by
1851:tear gas
1827:Bartitsu
1770:Bhikkhus
1646:, and a
1629:basilica
1461:Zhejiang
1289:Mindanao
1283:Captain
1249:Aurillac
1245:Auvergne
1117:bloomes.
899:Dionysos
836:Phrygian
721:Sanskrit
692:in Kyoto
671:Thailand
651:Malaysia
622:演禽斗數三世相書
461:Xerxes I
415:capital
398:Americas
286:UK slang
270:sunshade
253:umbrella
215:umbrella
85:umbrella
69:umbrella
57:Zenkō-ji
6348:Fursuit
6314:Fashion
6287:Costume
6270:Related
6210:Western
6131:Handbag
6116:Glasses
6111:Gaiters
6081:Armband
6030:Legwear
6020:Sneaker
6015:Slipper
5962:Wetsuit
5907:Burkini
5884:Pajamas
5768:Norfolk
5758:leather
5723:Cut-off
5669:Cagoule
5664:Blouson
5630:morning
5603:smoking
5576:bekishe
5533:Paletot
5333:Panties
5242:Rah-rah
5237:Prairie
5134:Wedding
5119:Prairie
5097:Evening
5048:Dresses
4984:cassock
4950:service
4853:running
4838:dolphin
4833:dycling
4828:Bermuda
4803:Palazzo
4783:Lowrise
4748:Bondage
4718:twinset
4678:Sweater
4631:Cycling
4544:Necktie
4452:homburg
4366:History
3460:History
3282:(ed.).
3186:1 April
3059:Knights
3016:at the
2961:Umbella
2464:parasol
2427:13 July
2019:Parasol
2011:In the
1953:Penguin
1947:In the
1712:of the
1698:liturgy
1690:deacons
1682:priests
1593:regalia
1565:in the
1536:Unicode
1465:Shangyu
1402:Hungary
1291:in the
1232:Sagnier
1149:During
1083:Jesuits
981:By the
959:Juvenal
955:Martial
879:Aristoi
752:Burmese
679:Vietnam
655:Myanmar
612:A late
607:Luoyang
597:in the
590:Fu Qian
573:Zhou Li
562:Zhou Li
476:Nineveh
387:Ashanti
324:History
203:parasol
148:parasol
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63:, Japan
6257:Casual
6218:Formal
6186:Wallet
6141:Livery
6121:Gloves
6063:Tights
6048:Garter
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5957:Trunks
5902:Bikini
5795:Poncho
5780:Jerkin
5773:safari
5748:goggle
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5006:Prison
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4768:Formal
4698:jersey
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4569:school
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1983:guns,
1973:swords
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1680:. The
1664:herald
1660:galero
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1222:(1877)
1192:(1803)
1134:sunne.
1079:priest
1047:, 1623
1017:, 1530
971:Strabo
938:Chiusi
918:Metics
907:Metics
863:Achaia
791:Europe
733:Renuka
715:AD 320
539:Lu Ban
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425:pantli
421:pantli
343:Relief
329:Africa
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4288:2015
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