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The first souvenir crosses were made in the 17th century. They were produced by both stamping and casting. They came sometimes to be treated as talismans against mice and as such were buried in fields, cellars, etc. Most surviving examples come from
Germany and
114:
and his brother
Nikolaus, commissioned by Abbot Johannes von Giltlingen. The story of Ulrich at the Lechfeld is depicted on the back of the case. Although once attached to a chain and worn around the neck by the
88:('cross of victory'). Historically, Ulrich was present, unarmed, with the defenders of Augsburg who went out to meet the invaders on 7 August. It is unlikely he was present at the Lechfeld, however.
232:
147:
Class I depicts Saint Ulrich. Class I-A does not depict the Battle of the
Lechfeld on the reverse while I-B does, usually containing reference to the
248:
Class VI contains crosses that would otherwise belong in I-A or I-B but which were made for special occasions (i.e., baptisms, coronations, etc.).
415:
132:, but some are found in museum collections further afield. The dimensions of a typical cross are about 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in) square.
104:
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on 10 August 955. He was unarmed, carrying only a relic of the True Cross that had been given to him by an angel. In light of King
217:
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194:
that speak of pestilence. Some crosses of this latter type were credited with saving lives during a plague outbreak at the
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Class III have the talismanic character of amulets. Class III-A shows Saint
Benedict between Saints Ulrich and
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457:
211:
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Ulrich probably acquired his single piece of the True Cross on a trip to Rome. It is kept inside a
423:
183:
73:
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also kept in the basilica. According to late medieval legend, Saint Ulrich was present at the
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on the obverse. Depictions of the battle are typical on the reverse in other classes as well.
8:
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36:
35:) are souvenir crosses originally given to pilgrims who visited the sepulchre of Saint
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alonsgide four early bishops of
Augsburg whose relics had been unearthed in 698 (
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62:
28:
258:
Class VIII are those commissioned by
Friesenegger himself between 1893 and 1911.
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Class V depicts the Virgin Mary (based on a 1570 image in the
Schnecken Chapel).
187:
170:, while III-B drops the Augsburg saints. These may contain the initials of the
96:
77:
451:
109:
391:
100:
69:
143:
Joseph
Friesenegger classifies the crosses into the following types:
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222:
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created between 1280 and 1320. Originally designed to be worn in a
44:
16:
252:
228:
191:
154:
Class II depicts the city of
Augsburg. Class II-B also depicts
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1744 fresco depicting the legend of Ulrich at the
Lechfeld by
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378:
Friesenegger, Joseph M. (1932). "The Ulric Crosses".
426:(1944). "An Ulrich Cross in the Guildhall Museum".
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428:Journal of the British Archaeological Association
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68:The Ulrich crosses represented the relic of the
176:of Benedict or the symbol and letter sequence
99:, in 1494 it was placed within a cross-shaped
399:
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182:, a blessing attributed to either Patriarch
414:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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56:
15:
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360:
348:
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179:+ Z + DIA + BIZ + SAB + Z + HGF + BFRS
119:, it is nowadays attached to a stand.
117:abbots of Saint Ulrich and Saint Afra
122:
50:
13:
14:
469:
84:, this relic became known as the
400:Friesenegger, Joseph M. (1937).
251:Class VII are late 18th-century
41:the basilica that bears his name
396:Foreword by Earl Baldwin Smith.
370:
190:in which the letters stand for
20:Early Ulrich cross of Class I-A
440:10.1080/00681288.1944.11894685
1:
7:
103:case designed by goldsmith
10:
474:
255:pendants that name Ulrich.
404:(2nd ed.). Augsburg.
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139:Ulrich cross of Class IV
184:Zacharias of Jerusalem
140:
74:Battle of the Lechfeld
65:
32:
21:
138:
60:
19:
80:'s victory over the
141:
66:
37:Ulrich of Augsburg
22:
458:Devotional medals
402:Die Ulrichskreuze
351:, pp. 31–32.
339:, pp. 57–58.
337:Friesenegger 1932
325:Friesenegger 1932
313:Friesenegger 1932
283:Friesenegger 1932
201:Class IV depicts
180:
173:Vade retro satana
465:
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430:. Third Series.
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380:The Art Bulletin
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196:Council of Trent
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149:Crux Victorialis
123:Souvenir crosses
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86:Crux Victorialis
52:Crux Victorialis
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130:Alsace–Lorraine
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63:Balthasar Riepp
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188:Pope Zacharias
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156:Saint Benedict
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97:pectoral cross
78:Otto the Great
54:
49:
25:Ulrich crosses
9:
6:
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363:, p. 31.
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327:, p. 55.
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315:, p. 57.
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309:
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300:, p. 30.
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33:Ulrichskreuze
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434:(1): 30–32.
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427:
424:Graham, Rose
401:
386:(1): 54–58.
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371:Bibliography
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24:
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361:Graham 1944
349:Graham 1944
298:Graham 1944
236: [
221: [
210: [
203:Saint Digna
108: [
105:Georg Seld
82:Hungarians
70:True Cross
410:cite book
93:reliquary
452:Category
233:Adalbero
198:in 1546.
45:Augsburg
392:3050817
207:Wicterp
390:
253:rosary
229:Nidker
192:Psalms
101:Gothic
29:German
388:JSTOR
263:Notes
240:]
225:]
218:Tosso
214:]
160:orans
112:]
416:link
231:and
168:Afra
436:doi
186:or
43:in
39:in
454::
412:}}
408:{{
384:14
382:.
305:^
290:^
271:^
242:).
238:de
227:,
223:de
216:,
212:fr
110:de
47:.
31::
442:.
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432:9
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27:(
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