308:
167:
482:
27:
461:
437:
493:
418:
51:
186:
449:
898:
396:
form, primarily used for consecrated hosts, was sometimes used for reliquaries. These housed the relic in a rock crystal, or glass capsule mounted on a column above a base, enabling the relic to be displayed to the faithful. Reliquaries in the form of large pieces of metalwork jewellery also appeared
346:
became very popular from the 9th century onward and were housed in magnificent gold and silver cross-shaped reliquaries decorated with enamels and precious stones. From about the end of the 10th century, reliquaries in the shape of the relics they housed also became popular; hence, for instance, the
132:, and may comprise bones, pieces of clothing, or some object associated with saints or with other religious figures. The authenticity of any given relic is often a matter of debate; for that reason, some churches require documentation of a relic's provenance.
247:
was widely used in the Middle Ages for reliquaries; its pure white color is an indication of the holy status of its contents. These objects constituted a major form of artistic production across Europe and
Byzantium throughout the Middle Ages.
271:
of relics. The faithful often venerate relics by bowing before the reliquary or kissing it; those churches that observe the veneration of relics distinguish between the honor given to the saints and the worship that is due to God alone (see
318:
The earliest reliquaries were essentially boxes, either simply box-shaped or based on an architectural design, taking the form of a model of a church with a pitched roof. These latter are known by the French term
224:
Churches. Reliquaries provide a means of protecting and displaying relics. While frequently taking the form of caskets, they range in size from simple pendants or rings to very elaborate
351:
was housed in a head-shaped reliquary. Similarly, the bones of saints were often housed in reliquaries that recalled the shape of the original body part, such as an arm or a foot.
283:
opposed the use of relics since many had no proof of historical authenticity and objected to a cult of saints. Many reliquaries, particularly in northern Europe, were destroyed by
773:
Boehm, Barbara Drake. "Relics and
Reliquaries in Medieval Christianity". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art,(October 2001)
291:, being melted down or pulled apart to recover precious metals and gems. Nonetheless, the use and manufacture of reliquaries continue to this day, especially in
204:, which adopted the practice of moving and dividing the bodies of saints much earlier than the West, probably in part because the new capital of
147:, and to followers of many other religions. These cultures often display reliquaries in shrines, churches, or temples to which the faithful make
359:
632:
158:
often specified that their hearts and sometimes other organs be buried in a different location from their main burial.
884:
674:
563:
154:
The term is sometimes used loosely for containers for the body parts of non-religious figures; in particular, the
825:
Bynum, Caroline Walker; Gerson, Paula (January 1997). "Body-Part
Reliquaries and Body Parts in the Middle Ages".
171:
663:"17: Low Country Ascetics and Oriental Luxury: Jacques de Vitry, Marie of Oignies, and the Treasures of Oignies"
605:
871:
544:
59:
902:
923:
31:
928:
876:
783:
307:
705:
637:
358:
reliquaries housing tiny pieces of relics have circular or cylindrical slots in which small disks of
747:. K. Walton Dobbins. (1971). The Asiatic Society of Bengal Monograph Series, Vol. XVIII. Calcutta.
19:
This article is about containers for relics. For the
Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child novel, see
710:
373:
and relics of saints. This style of reliquary has a viewing portal to view the relic inside. The
296:
273:
288:
662:
796:
718:
918:
622:
402:
251:
Many were designed with portability in mind, often being exhibited in public or carried in
201:
79:
510:
are an important form of a reliquary and may be buried inside larger structures such as a
166:
82:. The large bone in the middle (about 5 cm in length) is the actual relic of St. Boniface.
8:
627:
518:. Particularly in China and throughout East and Southeast Asia, these take the form of a
547:
are the most important in
Buddhism, but those related to other enlightened figures like
481:
335:
was the largest production centre; NB the
English usage differs from that of the French
328:
797:"Wax Embedding as a Method for Preservation of Body Relics Used by the Orthodox Church"
312:
71:
880:
680:
670:
641:
209:
20:
772:
699:
872:
Age of spirituality: late antique and early
Christian art, third to seventh century
855:
834:
355:
348:
213:
536:
424:
398:
323:, and typical examples from the 12th to 14th century have wooden frameworks with
320:
260:
240:
155:
75:
26:
846:
Hahn, Cynthia (January 1997). "The Voices of the Saints: Speaking
Reliquaries".
866:
540:
532:
486:
406:
292:
217:
205:
189:
55:
684:
912:
552:
280:
43:
784:
Speakman, Naomi C., "Treasures of Heaven", The
British Museum, London, 2011
539:
of 127 AD, both believed to have contained part of the cremated remains of
500:
436:
197:
140:
460:
584:
389:
67:
667:
History in the Comic Mode: Medieval
Communities and the Matter of Person
492:
192:, Irish, 8th–9th century, added to 14th century, 15th century, and after
70:. The little folded paper on the left contains a bone fragment of Saint
756:"Is the Kaniṣka Reliquary a work from Mathurā?" Mirella Levi d’Ancona.
428:
393:
343:
311:
Franco-Flemish Gothic philatory for a finger bone, late 15th century,
268:
264:
252:
148:
63:
417:
50:
567:
548:
284:
256:
859:
838:
496:
382:
231:
The relics were enshrined in containers crafted of or covered with
221:
144:
136:
469:
of St. Guriy of Kazan, with a relic embedded in it (19th century).
185:
515:
332:
324:
225:
208:, unlike Rome, lacked buried saints. Relics are venerated in the
531:
Two famous very early excavated reliquaries are the 1st-century
897:
617:
559:
519:
448:
378:
369:
is a transparent reliquary designed to contain and exhibit the
236:
125:
92:
511:
507:
244:
129:
107:
524:
397:
around this time, housing tiny relics such as pieces of the
466:
370:
232:
200:
practices from at least the 4th century, initially in the
669:. New York City: Columbia University Press. p. 209.
665:. In Rachel Fulton Brown; Bruce W. Holsinger (eds.).
697:
362:are placed, in which the actual relic is embedded.
196:The use of reliquaries became an important part of
128:may be the purported or actual physical remains of
698:
910:
731:"Two Gandhāran Reliquaries". K. Walton Dobbins.
590:
571:
74:, the folded paper on the right a piece of the
795:Tomov, Nikola; Dzhangozov, Januarius (Yanko).
597:
578:
339:, which denotes large size rather than shape.
97:
824:
794:
760:, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Dec. 1949), pp. 321–323.
570:. In Japan, Buddhist relics are known as
102:, and historically also referred to as a
491:
480:
442:The Arm reliquary of Margaret of Castell
306:
184:
165:
49:
25:
777:
768:
766:
114:, and a chapel in which it is housed a
110:. A portable reliquary may be called a
911:
660:
562:; one of the most significant is the
287:or Calvinist sympathizers during the
845:
763:
719:participating institution membership
377:was a medieval form of reliquary or
279:Sixteenth-century reformers such as
804:Acta Morphologica et Anthropologica
135:Relics have long been important to
13:
818:
745:The Stūpa and Vihāra of Kanishka I
633:Relics of Sariputta and Moggallana
161:
14:
940:
890:
558:In Buddhism, relics are known as
896:
564:relic of the tooth of the Buddha
459:
447:
435:
416:
327:plaques nailed on, decorated in
522:; in Japan, this is known as a
788:
750:
738:
725:
691:
654:
606:Japanese Buddhist architecture
476:
16:Container for religious relics
1:
647:
545:Relics associated with Buddha
176:
36:
589:, and are often stored in a
7:
611:
591:
572:
10:
945:
877:Metropolitan Museum of Art
555:are also highly revered.
18:
735:, 18 (1968), pp. 151–162.
706:Oxford English Dictionary
638:Shrine of the Three Kings
598:
579:
54:Inside the shrine of St.
602:, relic hall, reliquary)
302:
711:Oxford University Press
661:Farmer, Sharon (2007).
385:and relics of a saint.
274:Second Council of Nicea
90:(also referred to as a
503:
489:
485:Buddhist reliquary in
381:containing the sacred
315:
267:often centered on the
193:
182:
98:
83:
47:
875:, no. 569–575, 1979,
495:
484:
310:
188:
169:
106:) is a container for
96:, by the French term
53:
29:
905:at Wikimedia Commons
623:Ennabeuren reliquary
403:Holy Thorn Reliquary
80:Bernard of Clairvaux
709:(Online ed.).
628:Essen-Werden casket
151:to gain blessings.
924:Chests (furniture)
504:
490:
316:
313:Walters Art Museum
297:Orthodox Christian
194:
183:
84:
72:Benedict of Nursia
56:Boniface of Dokkum
48:
929:Religious objects
901:Media related to
717:(Subscription or
642:Cologne Cathedral
388:During the later
210:Oriental Orthodox
21:Reliquary (novel)
936:
900:
863:
842:
812:
811:
801:
792:
786:
781:
775:
770:
761:
754:
748:
742:
736:
729:
723:
722:
714:
702:
695:
689:
688:
658:
603:
601:
600:
594:
588:
582:
581:
575:
463:
451:
439:
420:
356:Eastern Orthodox
349:Pope Alexander I
329:champlevé enamel
214:Eastern Orthodox
202:Eastern Churches
181:
178:
101:
41:
38:
32:Reliquary Shrine
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
935:
934:
933:
909:
908:
893:
867:Weitzmann, Kurt
821:
819:Further reading
816:
815:
810:(1–2): 122–125.
799:
793:
789:
782:
778:
771:
764:
755:
751:
743:
739:
730:
726:
716:
696:
692:
677:
659:
655:
650:
614:
595:
576:
537:Kanishka Casket
479:
474:
473:
472:
471:
470:
464:
456:
455:
452:
444:
443:
440:
432:
431:
421:
305:
255:on the saint's
179:
172:Reliquary Cross
164:
162:In Christianity
156:kings of France
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
942:
932:
931:
926:
921:
907:
906:
892:
891:External links
889:
888:
887:
864:
860:10.2307/767276
843:
839:10.2307/767274
820:
817:
814:
813:
787:
776:
762:
749:
737:
724:
690:
675:
652:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
635:
630:
625:
620:
613:
610:
541:Gautama Buddha
533:Bimaran Casket
487:Kanishka Stupa
478:
475:
465:
458:
457:
454:Head reliquary
453:
446:
445:
441:
434:
433:
423:Box reliquary/
422:
415:
414:
413:
412:
411:
407:British Museum
401:, notably the
342:Relics of the
304:
301:
293:Roman Catholic
218:Roman Catholic
206:Constantinople
190:Domnach Airgid
163:
160:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
941:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
904:
899:
895:
894:
886:
885:9780870991790
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
822:
809:
805:
798:
791:
785:
780:
774:
769:
767:
759:
753:
746:
741:
734:
733:East and West
728:
720:
712:
708:
707:
701:
694:
686:
682:
678:
676:9780231508476
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
609:
607:
604:. (See also:
593:
586:
574:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:In Buddhism,
502:
498:
494:
488:
483:
468:
462:
450:
438:
430:
426:
419:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
352:
350:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
309:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Martin Luther
277:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
187:
174:
173:
168:
159:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
95:
94:
89:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:hermit-church
57:
52:
45:
44:The Cloisters
34:
33:
28:
22:
879:, New York,
870:
854:(1): 20–31.
851:
847:
830:
826:
807:
803:
790:
779:
758:Art Bulletin
757:
752:
744:
740:
732:
727:
704:
693:
666:
656:
557:
530:
523:
505:
501:Song dynasty
387:
374:
366:
364:
353:
341:
336:
317:
299:countries.
278:
259:or on other
250:
239:, gems, and
230:
195:
170:
153:
134:
124:
119:
115:
111:
103:
91:
87:
85:
30:
919:Reliquaries
903:Reliquaries
499:reliquary,
477:In Buddhism
405:now in the
390:Middle Ages
325:gilt-copper
289:Reformation
265:Pilgrimages
220:, and some
180: 1180
149:pilgrimages
68:Netherlands
40: 1325
913:Categories
833:(1): 3–7.
721:required.)
700:"feretery"
685:8182124165
648:References
553:Moggallana
429:St. Taurin
399:Holy Thorn
394:monstrance
360:wax-mastic
344:True Cross
285:Calvinists
269:veneration
253:procession
175:, French,
141:Christians
104:phylactery
64:Warfhuizen
46:, New York
35:, French,
568:Sri Lanka
549:Sariputta
367:philatory
347:skull of
261:holy days
257:feast day
226:ossuaries
198:Christian
137:Buddhists
88:reliquary
612:See also
592:shariden
535:and the
497:Buddhist
383:effigies
375:feretrum
222:Anglican
120:feretery
116:feretory
869:, ed.,
516:chorten
333:Limoges
112:fereter
78:of St.
66:in the
58:in the
883:
683:
673:
618:Cetiya
585:śarīra
560:cetiya
520:pagoda
508:stupas
425:chasse
392:, the
379:shrine
337:châsse
321:chasse
241:enamel
237:silver
145:Hindus
130:saints
126:Relics
108:relics
99:châsse
93:shrine
848:Gesta
827:Gesta
800:(PDF)
715:
573:shari
512:stupa
371:bones
354:Many
303:Forms
245:Ivory
76:habit
42:–50,
881:ISBN
681:OCLC
671:ISBN
551:and
467:Icon
295:and
233:gold
856:doi
835:doi
640:in
599:舎利殿
566:in
514:or
427:of
276:).
118:or
62:of
915::
852:36
850:.
831:36
829:.
808:25
806:.
802:.
765:^
703:.
679:.
608:)
583:,
580:舎利
543:.
528:.
525:tō
409:.
365:A
331:.
263:.
243:.
235:,
228:.
216:,
212:,
177:c.
143:,
139:,
122:.
86:A
37:c.
862:.
858::
841:.
837::
713:.
687:.
596:(
587:)
577:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
