184:, the southern tip of which is at 54°40′ N latitude. British diplomats were less concerned about any eventual land boundary than they were about freedom of navigation in the North Pacific. In addition to the adjustment to include all of Prince of Wales Island within the Russian sphere, the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825 also established the principle of the
105:
The first section of the ukase stated that "the pursuits of commerce, whaling, fishing and other industry, on all islands, ports and gulfs, including the whole north-west coast of North
America to the 45°50′ north latitude, are all included in this edict for the purpose of granting the same
106:
exclusivity to
Russian subjects". The second section "prohibits all foreign vessels not only from landing on the coasts and islands belonging to Russia, but, also, does not permit them to approach these islands and coasts within less than one hundred
514:[The historiographical tradition which sees here a close connection or sees the Monroe Doctrine as an at least 'indirect' response to the ukaz of 1821, appears accordingly thoroughly comprehensible.]
511:
Die historiografische
Tradition, die hier einen engen Zusammenhang sieht oder die Monroe Doktrin sogar als eine zumindest »indirekte« Antwort auf den ukaz von 1821 betrachtet, erscheint somit durchaus
180:. The 54°40′ N latitude line was proposed by the British, as general negotiations had focussed on 55° north latitude, but part of the Russian terms was a desire to retain all of
153:
occurred prior to any
Russian assertion of sovereignty, and claimed (controversially) that British vessels had pioneered the region's fur trade before those of any other nation.
192:
from the sea, and also included wording concerning the marine boundary north from Prince of Wales Island's southern tip. The latter items mentioned figured prominently in the
129:. "The line of the Emperor Paul" boundary had been revised northward to 55° north latitude in 1802 (51° N latitude corresponds, roughly, to the northern tip of
137:). American and British diplomats and commentators strenuously objected to news of the Ukase of 1821, noting that American, British and French
536:
110:, without the vessels being subject to confiscation, along with the whole cargo" (one Italian mile was 2,025 yards/1,852 meters).
546:
378:
145:) before Russia had ever extended its claim eastward; the British pointed out that the landings and explorations of Captains
236:
395:
341:
297:
531:
21:
541:
497:
448:
169:
181:
220:. When the American government protested, the vessel was released and compensation was paid for the detention.
165:
177:
134:
161:
492:]. Volume 9 of Transnationale Geschichte. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 119.
261:
Nichols, Irby C Jr (February 1967). "The
Russian Ukase and the Monroe Doctrine: A Re-Evaluation".
193:
485:
Das
Imperium und die Seeotter: Die Expansion Russlands in den nordpazifischen Raum, 1700–1867
421:
8:
118:
324:
470:
also was a factor in the
American decision to promulgate the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 .
278:
138:
493:
444:
374:
84:
270:
150:
130:
126:
54:
483:
438:
368:
224:
94:
490:
Empire and sea otters: Russia's expansion into the north
Pacific area, 1700-1867
121:, known as "the line of the Emperor Paul", first having been established by the
113:
The southward limit of
Russian territorial claim - to south of the mouth of the
241:
204:
The only attempt to enforce the ukase occurred in 1822, when the
Russian sloop
114:
62:
525:
217:
189:
157:
122:
76:
36:
23:
107:
142:
72:
156:
Extended negotiations and exchanges of diplomatic notes and missions by
282:
146:
466:
that proclaimed a zone of denial to all except Russian subjects. The
274:
117:- was revised in light of initial protests by the US and Britain to
16:
Russian proclamation of sovereignty over northwestern North America
443:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 110.
213:
80:
462:
In September of the same year, Emperor Alexander I issued an
89:
67:
188:, a vaguely-defined strip of mainland extending inland ten
173:
373:. University of Washington Press. pp. 1118–1122.
440:
Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific
223:Washington responded to Russia's 1821 ukase in the
523:
322:
396:"Review of the Alaska Boundary Question"
342:"Review of the Alaska Boundary Question"
298:"Review of the Alaska Boundary Question"
481:
260:
524:
366:
141:vessels had frequented Norfolk Sound (
436:
426:, Macmillan and Co., 1898, p. 68
393:
339:
295:
237:Russian colonization of the Americas
93:was declared on September 4, 1821 (
13:
14:
558:
537:History of the Pacific Northwest
170:Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825
423:Macmillan's magazine, Volume 77
199:
164:led to the signing of both the
100:
475:
430:
414:
402:. Unknown. pp. 7–8, 12–13
387:
360:
333:
316:
289:
254:
1:
547:Decrees of the Russian Empire
247:
166:Russo-American Treaty of 1824
172:. In them Russia agreed to
125:during the reign of Emperor
7:
230:
10:
563:
532:1821 in the Russian Empire
437:March, G. Patrick (1996).
370:Alaska: An American Colony
367:Haycox, Stephen W (2002).
482:Winkler, Martina (2016).
326:Alaska, The Great Country
263:Pacific Historical Review
208:seized the American ship
58:
542:Russian-American Company
394:Begg, Alexander (1900).
340:Begg, Alexander (1900).
329:. Macmillan. p. 37.
323:Higginson, Ella (1908).
296:Begg, Alexander (1900).
348:. Unknown. pp. 2–3
304:. Unknown. pp. 1–2
227:, promulgated in 1823.
194:Alaska boundary dispute
182:Prince of Wales Island
79:, roughly present-day
37:45.83333°N 123.96194°W
176:all claims south of
42:45.83333; -123.96194
33: /
75:over northwestern
380:978-0-295-98249-6
178:54°40′ N latitude
85:Pacific Northwest
71:) of territorial
554:
516:
515:
512:nachvollziehbar.
508:
506:
479:
473:
472:
459:
457:
434:
428:
427:
418:
412:
411:
409:
407:
391:
385:
384:
364:
358:
357:
355:
353:
337:
331:
330:
320:
314:
313:
311:
309:
293:
287:
286:
258:
212:on its way from
131:Vancouver Island
127:Paul I of Russia
83:and most of the
65:proclamation (a
60:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
562:
561:
557:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
522:
521:
520:
519:
504:
502:
500:
480:
476:
455:
453:
451:
435:
431:
420:
419:
415:
405:
403:
392:
388:
381:
365:
361:
351:
349:
338:
334:
321:
317:
307:
305:
294:
290:
275:10.2307/3637088
259:
255:
250:
233:
225:Monroe Doctrine
218:Novoarkhangelsk
202:
103:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
560:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
518:
517:
498:
474:
449:
429:
413:
386:
379:
359:
332:
315:
288:
252:
251:
249:
246:
245:
244:
242:Russian Alaska
239:
232:
229:
201:
198:
196:of 1821–1903.
119:51° N latitude
102:
99:
59:Указ 1821 года
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
527:
513:
501:
499:9783647301778
495:
491:
487:
486:
478:
471:
469:
465:
452:
450:9780275955663
446:
442:
441:
433:
425:
424:
417:
401:
400:nosracines.ca
397:
390:
382:
376:
372:
371:
363:
347:
346:nosracines.ca
343:
336:
328:
327:
319:
303:
302:nosracines.ca
299:
292:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
257:
253:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
228:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:Great Britain
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:Ukase of 1799
120:
116:
111:
109:
108:Italian miles
98:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
78:
77:North America
74:
70:
69:
64:
56:
52:
51:Ukase of 1821
46:
510:
503:. Retrieved
489:
484:
477:
467:
463:
461:
454:. Retrieved
439:
432:
422:
416:
404:. Retrieved
399:
389:
369:
362:
350:. Retrieved
345:
335:
325:
318:
306:. Retrieved
301:
291:
269:(1): 13–26.
266:
262:
256:
222:
209:
205:
203:
200:Consequences
185:
155:
112:
104:
101:Jurisdiction
88:
66:
50:
18:
406:12 December
352:12 December
308:12 December
143:Sitka Sound
139:fur-trading
73:sovereignty
40: /
28:123°57′43″W
526:Categories
248:References
135:Cape Scott
151:Vancouver
25:45°50′0″N
231:See also
168:and the
160:and the
115:Columbia
61:) was a
283:3637088
206:Apollon
190:leagues
186:lisière
63:Russian
55:Russian
505:11 May
496:
456:11 May
447:
377:
281:
214:Boston
162:U.S.A.
87:. The
81:Alaska
488:[
279:JSTOR
210:Pearl
95:O. S.
90:ukase
68:ukase
507:2022
494:ISBN
468:ukaz
464:ukaz
458:2022
445:ISBN
408:2014
375:ISBN
354:2014
310:2014
174:cede
149:and
147:Cook
49:The
271:doi
216:to
133:at
97:).
528::
509:.
460:.
398:.
344:.
300:.
277:.
267:36
265:.
57::
410:.
383:.
356:.
312:.
285:.
273::
53:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.