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Ugolino and his followers were attacked by a band of armed
Ghibellines. Ugolino withdrew into the town hall and repelled all attacks. The archbishop, accusing Ugolino of treachery, aroused the citizens. When the town hall was set on fire, Ugolino surrendered. While his illegitimate son was killed, Ugolino himself – together with his sons Gaddo and Uguccione and his grandsons Nino (surnamed "the Brigand") and Anselmuccio – were detained in the
641:
585:, implying he had consumed no meat in the months before his death. Ugolino also had few remaining teeth and is believed to have been in his 70s when he was imprisoned, making it further unlikely that he could have outlived and eaten his descendants in captivity. Additionally, Mallegni notes that the putative Ugolino skull was damaged; perhaps he did not ultimately die of starvation, although malnourishment is evident.
27:
236:. The Genoese fought valiantly and destroyed seven Pisan galleys and captured twenty-eight. Among the eleven thousand captives was the PodestĂ . Ugolino and his division set the sign of surrender and withdrew, deciding the battle in favour of Genoa. This flight was later interpreted as treachery but not by any writer earlier than the 16th century.
438:
forced to suffer under
Ruggieri, when he is allowed to act as Ruggieri's torturer for eternity. According to Frances Yates, both are "suffering the torments of the damned in the traitors' hell; but Ugolino is given the right to oppress ... Archbishop Ruggieri with a ghastly eternal punishment which fits his crime."
568:
testing on the recently excavated bodies of
Ugolino and his children. His analysis agrees with the remains being a father, his sons and his grandsons. Additional comparison to DNA from modern-day members of the Gherardesca family leave Mallegni about 98 percent sure that he has identified the remains
512:
Ugolino's statement that hunger proved stronger than grief has been interpreted in two ways, either that
Ugolino devoured his offspring's corpses after being driven mad with hunger, or that starvation killed him after he had failed to die of grief. The first and more ghastly of these interpretations
285:
In April of that year, Ugolino again refused to make peace with Genoa, even though the enemy was willing to be content with financial reparations. Ugolino still feared the return of the captured Pisans, who saw
Ugolino as the cause for their prolonged captivity and had sworn to get their revenge for
289:
In 1288, Pisa was hit by a dramatic increase in prices, resulting in food shortages and riots among the bitter populace. During one of these riots, Ugolino killed a nephew of the archbishop, turning the latter against him. On 1 July 1288, after leaving a council-meeting discussing peace with Genoa,
437:
Ugolino's gnawing of
Ruggieri's head has been interpreted as meaning that Ugolino's hatred for his enemy is so strong that he is compelled to "devour even what has no substance." Ugolino, though punished for his betrayal of his people, is allowed some closure for the betrayal that he himself was
206:
The subsequent disorders in the city in 1274 led to the arrest of both
Ugolino and Giovanni, who were accused of plotting to undermine Pisa's government and, with the support from Tuscany's Guelphs, share power among themselves. Ugolino was imprisoned and Giovanni banished from Pisa. Giovanni
247:
for a year and succeeded in pacifying them by ceding certain castles. When Genoa suggested peace on similar terms, Ugolino was less eager to accept, for the return of the Pisan prisoners, including most of the leading
Ghibellines, would have diminished his power.
215:, he attacked his native city and forced it to make peace on humiliating terms, pardoning him and all the other Guelph exiles. After his return, Ugolino at first remained aloof from politics but quietly worked to reassert his influence.
265:, Archbishop of Pisa, and the Ghibellines. Ugolino reacted by driving Nino and several Ghibelline families out of the city, destroying their palaces and occupying the town hall, where he had himself proclaimed lord of the city.
190:
As head of his family, the
Ghibelline party and podestĂ of Pisa, Ugolino took action to preserve his power in the face of the political hostility of Pisa's neighbours. In 1271, through a marriage of his sister with
513:
has proved the more popular and resonant. For this reason
Ugolino is known as the "Cannibal Count" and is often depicted gnawing at his own fingers ("eating of his own flesh") in consternation, as in the sculpture
408:
Ugolino's punishment involves his being entrapped in ice up to his neck in the same hole with his betrayer, Archbishop Ruggieri, who left him to starve to death. Ugolino is constantly gnawing at Ruggieri's
588:
In 2008, Paola Benigni, superintendent to the Archival Heritage of Tuscany, disputed Mallegni's findings in an article, claiming that the documents assigning the burial to Ugolino and his descendants were
207:
Visconti died soon afterwards, and Ugolino, no longer regarded as a threat, was set free and banished. In exile, Ugolino immediately began to intrigue with the Guelph cities of Florence and
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656:
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Their corpses were buried in the cloister of Saint Francis Church and remained there until 1902, when they were exhumed and transferred to the Gherardesca family chapel.
261:, son of Giovanni. The duumvirate did not last, as Ugolino and Nino soon quarrelled. In 1287, Nino, striving to become PodestĂ , entered into negotiations with
85:. While the conflict was local and personal in origin, the parties had come to be associated with the two universal powers: the Ghibellines sided with the
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was controlled by the Ghibellines, while most of the surrounding cities were controlled by the Guelphs, most notably Pisa's trading rivals
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and in other artwork, though this may also simply refer to Ugolino's own statement in the poem that he gnawed his fingers in grief.
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According to Dante, the prisoners were slowly starved to death and before dying Ugolino's children begged him to eat their bodies.
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683:(1894), takes treachery as the only motive behind the flight, while Daniella Bartoli, in the 6th volume of his
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for ten years, was now the most influential man in Pisa but was forced to share his power with his nephew
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also recounts the legend in his poem "Ugolino", a free translation from Dante, found in his 1979 book
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The historical details of the episode are still involved in some obscurity, and although mentioned by
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Paola Benigni, Massimo Becattini. "Ugolino della Gherardesca: cronaca di una scoperta annunciata".
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When Florence and Lucca took advantage of the naval defeat to attack Pisa, Ugolino was appointed
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and both Ugolino and Andreotto Saracini were appointed as captains of two divisions of fleets by
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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978:: Multimedia website with Italian text and Allen Mandelbaum's translation, as well as art
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156:. Ugolino then obtained the southwestern portion of the former Judicate, with its rich
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In the 13th century, the states of Italy were beset by the strife of two parties, the
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703:. Translated and edited by Robert Pinsky. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996
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118:. Under the circumstances, Pisa adopted the "strong and vigilant government" of a
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family. In March 1289, on orders of the archbishop, who had proclaimed himself
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669:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 965–966.
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Between 1256 and 1258 he participated in the war against the philo-Genoese
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A Dictionary of the Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante
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The case of Ugolino and Ruggiero is behind the story of the short story "
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577:. Analysis of the rib bones of the Ugolino skeleton reveals traces of
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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in the ice of the second ring (Antenora) of the lowest circle of the
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19:"Count Ugolino" redirects here. For the historical drama film, see
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Robert Hollander. "Inferno XXXIII, 37–74: Ugolino's Importunity".
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82:
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Theodore Spencer. "The Story of Ugolino in Dante and Chaucer".
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13th-century ruler of Pisa, character in Dante's "Divine Comedy"
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Ugolino della Gherardesca: cronaca di una scoperta annunciata
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The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
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Dante & the Unorthodox; The Aesthetics of Transgression
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Dante and Virgil in the Inferno before Ugolino and His Sons
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107:
90:
26:
1628:
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Frances A. Yates. "Transformations of Dante's Ugolino".
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Il conte Ugolino di Donoratico tra antropologia e storia
781:
Il conte Ugolino di Donoratico tra antropologia e storia
728:
Frances A. Yates. "Transformations of Dante's Ugolino".
89:
and his rule of Italy, while the Guelphs sided with the
462:
Ugolino gnawing at his own fingers, in an engraving by
363:
writes of Ugolino in "Conte Ugolino", a poem from his
145:
and made them the leaders of the Ghibellines in Pisa.
552:
549:
in the collection named The Aleph (El Aleph) (1949).
877:. Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid University Press (2005).
902:Nicole Martinelli, "Dante and the Cannibal Count",
1016:
450:Ugolino and his sons in their cell, as painted by
2038:Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata
478:Who clothed us with this wretched flesh: we plead
422:the way the starving devour their bread, the soul
2362:
323:and other writers, it owes its fame entirely to
948:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
887:Francesco Mallegni, M. Luisa Ceccarelli Lemut.
838:. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1984).
779:Francesco Mallegni, M. Luisa Ceccarelli Lemut.
730:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
499:For two long days. And then the hunger had more
497:Calling to them, though I had watched them die,
420:packed so close, one head hooded the other one;
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372:
299:
272:
252:
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232:of Pisa. The two fleets met in August in the
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93:, who supported self-governing city-states.
480:For you to be the one who strips it away'.
441:
424:above had clenched the other with his teeth
141:emperors had brought them to prominence in
1009:
995:
476:'Will lessen if you eat us you are the one
333:. Dante's account has been paraphrased by
836:The Political Vision of the Divine Comedy
717:The Political Vision of the Divine Comedy
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495:Already going blind, groped over my brood
160:, where he founded the important city of
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418:I saw two shades frozen in a single hole
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308:river and the prisoners left to starve.
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218:In 1284, war broke out between Pisa and
170:
95:
25:
1902:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli
915:. University of Texas at Austin (2002).
831:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. (1996).
651:
2363:
603:
573:analysis discredits the allegation of
990:
690:
621:
314:
1963:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street
719:. Princeton University Press (1984).
536:
126:"armed with almost despotic power".
2421:Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
922:9(3) (July 1934), p. 295–301.
845:59(3) (July 1984), p. 549–55.
816:Paola Benigni, Massimo Becattini. "
13:
553:Scientific analysis of the remains
129:Ugolino was born in Pisa into the
14:
2437:
1859:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic
966:
941:, Oxford University Press (1968).
685:Storia della letteratura italiana
2343:
2342:
950:14(1/2) (1951), p. 92–117.
732:14(1/2) (1951), p. 92–117.
639:
426:where the brain meets the nape.
304:, the keys were thrown into the
137:origins whose alliance with the
2426:Characters in the Divine Comedy
2135:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent
501:Power than even sorrow over me
47: – March 1289),
1141:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
884:. Duke University Press, 1925.
793:
773:
755:"Dante and the Cannibal Count"
747:
722:
706:
673:
1:
2411:13th-century Italian nobility
2202:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
1746:Pape SatĂ n, pape SatĂ n aleppe
882:Dante's Conception of Justice
810:
681:Il Conte U. della Gherardesca
474:'Father our pain', they said,
432:(Canto XXXII, lines 124–29),
199:, he allied himself with the
41:
1843:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep
1753:Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi
72:
7:
982:The Princeton Dante Project
824:128 (2008). pp. 64–67.
803:128 (2008). pp. 64–67.
507:(Canto XXXIII, ln. 70–73),
294:, a tower belonging to the
10:
2442:
1971:The System of Dante's Hell
1599:Constance, Queen of Sicily
657:Della Gherardesca, Ugolino
413:. As Dante describes it,
102:House of della Gherardesca
18:
2406:Fiction about cannibalism
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1424:Bonconte I da Montefeltro
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1236:Ugolino della Gherardesca
1076:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti
1039:
1030:
614:"Count Ugolino of Pisa",
486:(Canto XXXIII, ln. 56–59)
395:Dante placed Ugolino and
38:Ugolino della Gherardesca
596:
569:correctly. However, the
442:Ugolino and his children
281:, engravings dated 1865.
131:della Gherardesca family
1867:La commedia di Amos Poe
1594:Charles Martel of Anjou
1469:Giovanna da Montefeltro
1221:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
666:Encyclopædia Britannica
263:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
251:Ugolino, now appointed
30:Portrait of Ugolino by
1529:Omberto Aldobrandeschi
1464:Gherardo III da Camino
1161:Guido I da Montefeltro
912:Circle 9, Cantos 31–34
827:Thomas Caldecot Chub.
531:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
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279:Giovanni Paolo Lasinio
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180:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
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34:
2210:La barca de Aqueronte
1875:Dante's Hell Animated
1659:Mary, mother of Jesus
1419:Bonagiunta Orbicciani
1121:Farinata degli Uberti
618:55 (1864), p. 173–78.
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150:giudicato of Cagliari
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32:Johann Kaspar Lavater
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2381:Deaths by starvation
2325:English translations
2282:Devil May Cry series
2065:(Rachmaninoff, 1904)
1579:Bernard of Clairvaux
868:Princeton University
616:Bentley's Miscellany
526:Ugolino and his Sons
389:Priamo della Quercia
176:Ugolino and his sons
133:, a noble family of
100:Coat of arms of the
21:Count Ugolino (film)
2320:Cultural references
2186:The Barque of Dante
2154:The Barque of Dante
2070:Francesca da Rimini
2062:Francesca da Rimini
2057:(Tchaikovsky, 1876)
2054:Francesca da Rimini
1931:The Story of Rimini
1634:Hierarchy of angels
1619:Folquet de Marselha
1131:Francesca da Rimini
924:doi:10.2307/2853896
847:doi:10.2307/2846299
829:Dante and His World
753:Nicole Martinelli,
559:paleoanthropologist
373:Ugolino in Dante's
254:capitano del popolo
211:. With the help of
2330:In popular culture
1939:La Comédie humaine
1886:(2016 documentary)
1883:Botticelli Inferno
1484:Jacopo del Cassero
1404:Beatrice Portinari
1211:Pope Boniface VIII
1201:Pietro della Vigna
952:doi:10.2307/750354
906:(1 February 2007).
880:Gilbert, Allan H.
860:Robert Hollander.
834:Joan M. Ferrante.
770:(1 February 2007).
760:2009-01-06 at the
734:doi:10.2307/750354
699:Alighieri, Dante.
562:Francesco Mallegni
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315:Literary afterlife
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224:Albertino Morosini
213:Charles I of Anjou
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87:Holy Roman Emperor
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2237:The Gates of Hell
2218:La Laguna Estigia
2157:(Delacroix, 1822)
2120:"Dante's Inferno"
2097:(Ronchetti, 2020)
2086:The Divine Comedy
2030:Music (classical)
1827:The Dante Quartet
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1604:Cunizza da Romano
1524:Oderisi da Gubbio
1489:Giovanna Visconti
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1216:Pope Nicholas III
1166:Iacopo Rusticucci
547:Jorge Luis Borges
545:" (La espera) of
537:Ugolino in Borges
516:The Gates of Hell
464:Domingos Sequeira
234:Battle of Meloria
193:Giovanni Visconti
55:, was an Italian
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2386:People from Pisa
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2205:(Rossetti, 1885)
2197:(Rossetti, 1868)
2181:(Flandrin, 1835)
2173:(Scheffer, 1835)
2073:(Zandonai, 1914)
1979:Demon Lord Dante
1787:(Terragni, 1938)
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1649:John the Apostle
1474:Guido Guinizelli
1439:Conrad Malaspina
1434:Cato the Younger
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2396:Culture in Pisa
2391:Counts in Italy
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2213:(Hidalgo, 1887)
2194:Pia de' Tolomei
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2081:(Puccini, 1918)
2078:Gianni Schicchi
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2003:Jimbo's Inferno
1918:
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1851:Dante's Inferno
1819:Dante's Inferno
1811:Dante's Inferno
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1779:(Palanti, 1923)
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1644:James the Great
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1534:Pia de' Tolomei
1409:Beatrice d'Este
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1260:Circles of Hell
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1186:Paolo Malatesta
1151:Gualdrada Berti
1126:Filippo Argenti
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2019:Gert's Inferno
2015:
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974:World of Dante
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967:External links
965:
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963:
944:
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909:Guy P. Raffa.
907:
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873:James Miller.
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2178:Dante in Hell
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2165:(Blake, 1827)
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1023:Divine Comedy
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452:William Blake
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353:Seamus Heaney
351:. Irish poet
350:
346:
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336:
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331:
330:Divine Comedy
326:
322:
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259:Nino Visconti
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66:Divine Comedy
62:
58:
54:
50:
39:
33:
28:
22:
2371:1210s births
2348:
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2192:
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2138:(2011 album)
2133:
2130:(2006 album)
2125:
2116:(1973 album)
2111:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
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1961:
1953:
1945:
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1881:
1873:
1865:
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1818:
1810:
1801:
1782:
1770:Architecture
1664:Peter Damian
1564:
1514:Nella Donati
1383:
1370:Scarmiglione
1350:Draghignazzo
1235:
1156:Guido Guerra
1061:Bonturo Dati
1040:
1021:
973:
947:
938:
919:
911:
903:
888:
881:
874:
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749:
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384:
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364:
356:
342:
328:
318:
310:
288:
284:
250:
238:
217:
205:
189:
184:Petit Palais
175:
161:
158:silver mines
147:
139:Hohenstaufen
128:
106:
76:
64:
37:
36:
2376:1289 deaths
2301:(cancelled)
2266:Video games
2253:The Thinker
2122:(1995 song)
1958:(1917–1962)
1942:(1830–1850)
1909:Jean Giraud
1763:Adaptations
1719:Contrapasso
1689:Saint Peter
1654:Justinian I
1589:Cacciaguida
1584:Bonaventure
1330:Barbariccia
1317:Malebranche
1246:Vanni Fucci
701:The Inferno
593:forgeries.
591:Fascist-era
575:cannibalism
454:circa 1826.
339:Monk's Tale
79:Ghibellines
45: 1214
2365:Categories
2229:Sculptures
1955:The Cantos
1923:Literature
1835:A TV Dante
1724:Terza rima
1479:Hugh Capet
1385:Purgatorio
1355:Farfarello
1340:Calcabrina
1191:Phlegethon
1031:Characters
976:, canto 33
811:Literature
564:conducted
357:Field Work
53:Donoratico
2146:Paintings
2127:Dante XXI
1803:L'Inferno
1365:Rubicante
1171:Malebolge
655:(1911). "
581:, but no
579:magnesium
557:In 2002,
73:Biography
2349:Category
2298:The Lost
2245:The Kiss
1913:Paradiso
1712:Concepts
1674:Piccarda
1614:Empyrean
1565:Paradiso
1549:Sordello
1414:Belacqua
1360:Malacoda
1345:Ciriatto
1335:Cagnazzo
1325:Alichino
1196:Phlegyas
1106:Ciampolo
1086:Cerberus
1081:Capaneus
1071:Caiaphas
920:Speculum
904:Newsweek
891:(2003).
863:Circle 9
843:Speculum
783:(2003).
767:Newsweek
758:Archived
571:forensic
543:The Wait
505:—
493:… And I,
484:—
430:—
397:Ruggieri
296:Gualandi
201:Visconti
182:, 1861,
166:Iglesias
164:, today
154:Sardinia
135:Germanic
116:Florence
81:and the
57:nobleman
2313:Related
2113:Inferno
2094:Inferno
2011:Inferno
1987:Inferno
1915:, 1999)
1784:Danteum
1684:Solomon
1679:Ripheus
1624:Gabriel
1554:Statius
1509:Matelda
1499:Manfred
1429:Casella
1297:Seventh
1241:Ulysses
1111:Cocytus
1051:Acheron
1042:Inferno
932:2853896
870:(1997).
855:2846299
663:(ed.).
650::
402:Inferno
375:Inferno
349:Shelley
341:of the
337:in the
335:Chaucer
321:Villani
301:podestĂ
243:podestĂ
229:PodestĂ
143:Tuscany
122:podestĂ
83:Guelphs
2293:(2010)
2285:(2001)
2277:(1996)
2256:(1904)
2248:(1882)
2022:(2023)
2014:(2013)
2006:(2006)
1998:(2003)
1990:(1976)
1982:(1971)
1974:(1965)
1966:(1937)
1950:(1905)
1934:(1816)
1905:(1485)
1878:(2013)
1870:(2010)
1862:(2010)
1854:(2007)
1846:(2006)
1838:(1989)
1830:(1987)
1822:(1935)
1814:(1924)
1806:(1911)
1795:Cinema
1738:Verses
1699:Trajan
1302:Eighth
1282:Fourth
1272:Second
1251:Virgil
1206:Plutus
1181:Nessus
1136:Geryon
1101:Ciacco
1096:Chiron
1091:Charon
960:750354
958:
930:
895:
853:
787:
742:750354
740:
659:". In
644:
286:this.
226:, the
1609:David
1494:Lethe
1444:Eunoe
1307:Ninth
1292:Sixth
1287:Fifth
1277:Third
1267:First
1226:Satan
1176:Minos
1018:Dante
956:JSTOR
928:JSTOR
851:JSTOR
738:JSTOR
597:Notes
523:, in
411:skull
325:Dante
220:Genoa
209:Lucca
152:, in
112:Genoa
61:Dante
49:Count
1574:Adam
1231:Styx
893:ISBN
785:ISBN
583:zinc
306:Arno
292:Muda
114:and
108:Pisa
91:Pope
1629:God
1116:Dis
1020:'s
820:".
566:DNA
529:by
519:by
387:by
327:'s
178:by
63:'s
51:of
2367::
954:.
926:.
849:.
764:,
736:.
715:.
692:^
623:^
605:^
369:.
359:.
277:,
195:,
168:.
69:.
42:c.
1911:(
1755:"
1751:"
1748:"
1744:"
1010:e
1003:t
996:v
962:.
934:.
899:.
857:.
744:.
186:.
40:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
