748:
760:
40:
66:
1754:
803:
2416:
2411:
1838:
1883:
1221:
667:
returned to Ulithi for long-delayed rest and replenishment 9 to 14 November, but soon got underway to operate off the
Philippines on night attacks and defensive operations. This phase continued until 30 December 1944, when the task force sortied from Ulithi once more and moved northward. From 3 to 9
332:
and several other
Japanese ships in the Surigao Strait. Until the surrender of Japan, she was assigned to strike duties against targets in the Philippines and Japan. She finished her operational duty off the coast of Japan supporting occupation forces until being assigned to return American veterans
825:
as it is claimed that she was loaded with barrels of radioactive waste at the time of her sinking, and that the waste has subsequently contaminated the wildlife refuge and commercial fisheries associated with the
Farallon Islands. However, in 2015, it was considered that "any public health risk was
317:, she was built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation and commissioned in January 1943. She took part in the attacks on Rabaul and Tarawa before being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft, necessitating repairs in San Francisco from January to July 1944.
789:
tests, she was placed within one half mile of ground zero for the 1 July explosion. The veteran ship did not sink (though her funnels and island were crumpled by the blast), and after taking part in another explosion on 25 July was taken to
921:
below. No signs of radioactive contamination were detected, although the barrels of waste are still visible inside the hangar deck, and some have rusted open. A NOAA spokesman described the wreck as "amazingly intact."
699:
returned to Ulithi 13 March 1945 and got underway next day for operations against
Okinawa. She carried out pre-invasion strikes 30 to 31 March, and after the assault 1 April remained off the island supplying
637:
s night search aircraft made contact and shadowed the
Japanese ships of the northern force until dawn on 25 October, when the carriers launched an attack. In this second part of the great
39:
429:. Aircraft from the carrier force struck on 1 September and destroyed over 70 percent of the installations on the island. The carrier began her next operation, a similar strike against
782:
fleet beginning 15 November 1945, transporting veterans back to the United States until arriving at San
Francisco once more 28 January 1946. Assigned as a target vessel for the
583:
later recalled, that "something on a grand scale was underfoot." And indeed it was, as the
Japanese fleet moved in a three-pronged effort to turn back the American beachhead on
844:
1731:
2453:
688:. These operations in support of the Philippines campaign marked the end of the carrier's night operations, and she sailed 30 January 1945 for repairs at Pearl Harbor.
2443:
747:
941:
for the first time since she sank 65 years ago, streaming footage online. While investigating the wreckage, researchers found evidence of at least one existing
1942:
1127:
1724:
1337:
1070:
619:
and disabled the heavy cruiser Myoko. Embarking a night carrier air group, Independence played no role in the attacks on Kurita's force on the 24th.
2468:
2458:
934:
893:
759:
2438:
1717:
1231:
1698:
988:
657:'s northern diversion fleet off Cape Engaño. After the battle, which virtually spelled the end of the Japanese Navy as a major threat,
1975:
715:
During July and August the carrier took part in the final carrier strikes against Japan itself. After the end of the war 15 August,
492:
The now-veteran carrier returned to Pearl Harbor 3 July 1944. During her repair period, the ship had been fitted with an additional
1096:
937:, brought investigators closer to the wreckage than ever before. Using robotic exploration vehicles, the team surveyed the USS
834:
1236:
1330:
1310:
1262:
1030:
552:
regularly pounded the
Philippines in preparation for the invasion. When no Japanese counterattacks developed in this period,
2473:
1740:
1304:
347:
atomic bomb tests. After being transported back to Pearl Harbor and San
Francisco for study, she was later sunk near the
303:
153:
1863:
610:
24 October and the carriers launched a series of attacks. Aircraft from Task Group 38.2 and other task groups sank the
1896:
810:
The highly radioactive hull was later moved to Pearl Harbor and then San
Francisco for further tests. She was finally
508:
and torpedo units of Night Air Group 41 (NAG-41) in August. She continued this pioneering work 24 to 29 August out of
367:
90:
2214:
1323:
1199:
472:
was attacked by a group of aircraft low on the water. Six were shot down, but the aircraft launched at least five
251:
1151:
661:
continued to provide search aircraft and night fighter protection for TF 38 in strikes against the Philippines.
576:
providing day strike groups in addition to night fighters and reconnaissance aircraft for defensive protection.
2463:
1290:
708:. Her aircraft shot down numerous enemy aircraft during the desperate Japanese attacks on the invasion force.
2074:
1968:
1926:
1055:
901:
1917:
1163:
614:
913:
to make a series of images. The ship is resting upright with a slight list to starboard and most of the
641:, all four Japanese carriers were sunk. Meanwhile, American heavy ships had won a victory to secure the
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
1990:
1851:
1781:
1578:
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1961:
1823:
1622:
2173:
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1649:
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1524:
1503:
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1346:
549:
460:
aircraft shot down. After this operation, the carrier refueled at Espiritu Santo, headed for the
314:
2032:
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1363:
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680:. In the days that followed the aircraft struck at air bases on Formosa and on the coasts of
638:
1953:
992:
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1802:
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1607:
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783:
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476:, one of which hit the carrier's starboard quarter. Seriously damaged, the ship steamed to
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344:
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8:
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1545:
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942:
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As the carrier groups steamed east of the Philippines 23 October, it became apparent, as
2053:
2043:
1809:
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1709:
1600:
1475:
1433:
1405:
1384:
565:
398:
371:
292:
1046:
Odell, William C. (Winter 1989). "The Development of Night Fighters in World War II".
818:
off the coast of California on 29 January 1951, by packing two torpedoes in her hull.
2351:
2237:
2144:
2063:
1482:
1258:
1026:
701:
533:
521:
493:
49:
1104:
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272:
12 fighters; for most of war operated 33–34, 24–26 fighters and 8–9 torpedo bombers.
2330:
2324:
2105:
2000:
1531:
926:
838:
815:
646:
645:; and an escort carrier force had outfought the remainder of Kurita's ships in the
414:
348:
215:
159:
20:
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720:
705:
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595:
461:
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2153:
642:
627:
623:
449:
320:
After repairs, she launched many strikes against targets in Luzon and Okinawa.
133:
1200:"Scientists get a look at sunken World War II aircraft carrier after 65 years"
2432:
2085:
1227:
946:
860:
846:
802:
580:
537:
505:
426:
402:
374:, sponsored by Mrs. Dorothy Warner, wife of Rawleigh Warner, Sr, Chairman of
360:
504:
began training for night carrier operations embarking the specially trained
2194:
2183:
2163:
2011:
1888:
1315:
1128:"Scientists find radioactive WWII aircraft carrier off San Francisco coast"
965:
930:
603:
465:
410:
394:
307:
917:
intact, although there are gaping holes in the flight deck leading to the
2361:
2292:
2285:
2204:
2126:
1843:
961:
918:
914:
905:
786:
607:
525:
430:
1164:"Aircraft carrier that survived atomic blasts lies at bottom of Pacific"
1071:"Scientists explore wreck of WWII aircraft carrier off California coast"
468:
18 to 20 November 1943. During a Japanese counterattack on 20 November,
413:
14 July, and after two weeks of training exercises sailed with carriers
2133:
2116:
2095:
1440:
1287:
909:
to survey the wreck, employing the Echoscope three-dimensional imaging
885:
was confirmed via deep-water multibeam sonar survey conducted from the
755:"Gilda" test damage aft port quarter (note two sailors on the aft deck)
681:
611:
584:
572:, and the Philippines. Japanese air counterattacks were repulsed, with
513:
1299:
1184:
Anonymous, "Scientists Survey 'Amazingly Intact' WWII-Era Shipwreck,"
2371:
811:
791:
484:
returned to San Francisco 2 January 1944 for more permanent repairs.
390:
299:
137:
456:
on 11 November, the ship's gunners scored their first success – six
991:. History Department at the University of San Diego. Archived from
719:
aircraft continued surveillance flights over the mainland locating
509:
477:
375:
473:
382:
234:
13,000 nautical miles (24,000 km) at 15 knots (28 km/h)
732:
626:
made the decision to turn Task Force 38 northward in search of
569:
561:
497:
453:
712:
remained off Okinawa until 10 June when she sailed for Leyte.
487:
1983:
1288:
USS Independence CVL-22 Reunion Group, Inc. Veteran's Website
910:
728:
685:
673:
557:
517:
457:
1307:
at Nine Sisters Light Carrier Historical Documentary Project
949:
and 40-millimeter and 20-millimeter anti-aircraft weaponry.
324:
was part of the carrier group that sank the remnants of the
736:
556:
shifted to regular daytime operations, striking targets on
933:, and partnered with the Ocean Exploration Trust and the
892:. In March 2015, scientists and technicians of the U.S.
821:
Controversy has subsequently arisen about the sinking of
568:. In the days that followed the carriers struck Okinawa,
1739:
1278:
826:
small", as might be expected after this period of time.
564:
in early October, the great force sortied 6 October for
366:, CL-59, she was launched as CV-22 on 22 August 1942 by
16:
Independence-class light aircraft carrier of the US Navy
524:, aimed at securing bases for the final assault on the
440:
381:
The first of a new class of carriers converted from
2454:
World War II aircraft carriers of the United States
1943:
List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
653:sailed with TF38 during the destruction of Admiral
452:on 21 October. During an ensuing carrier attack on
989:"Paramount Battles Involving Essex Class Carriers"
731:22 September 1945, arriving at San Francisco via
2444:Ships built by New York Shipbuilding Corporation
2430:
1250:
935:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
894:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
354:
1969:
1725:
1331:
1345:
1232:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1018:
945:plane as well as the partial remains of an
833:in 2,600 feet (790 m) of water in the
488:Refitting and training for night operations
1976:
1962:
1732:
1718:
1699:List of cruisers of the United States Navy
1338:
1324:
983:
981:
218:turbines, 4 shafts, 4 boilers; 100,000 shp
1984:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1951
676:, after which Halsey took his fleet on a
437:, having been redesignated 15 July 1943.
1226:This article incorporates text from the
1014:
1012:
1010:
801:
758:
746:
668:January 1945 the carriers supported the
532:provided night reconnaissance and night
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1311:video of ship, taken by "Nautilus Live"
978:
771:shot Able atomic bomb test, 1 July 1946
742:
464:, and conducted pre-landing strikes on
242:1,569 officers and men (inc. air group)
2469:Ships involved in Operation Crossroads
2459:Military in the San Francisco Bay Area
2431:
1161:
1125:
1068:
835:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
480:on 23 November for emergency repairs.
343:was later used as a target during the
194:71.5 ft (21.8 m) (waterline)
1957:
1713:
1319:
1094:
1045:
1007:
829:In 2009 the position of the wreck of
727:occupation troops. The ship departed
333:back to the United States as part of
197:109.2 ft (33.3 m) (extreme)
62:
2439:Independence-class aircraft carriers
1197:
952:
797:
389:conducted shakedown training in the
378:, and commissioned 14 January 1943.
896:(NOAA) on the sanctuary vessel R/V
794:and decommissioned 28 August 1946.
13:
1244:
1019:Stille, Mark; Bryan, Tony (2007).
723:camps and covered the landings of
441:Rabaul and Gilbert Islands strikes
14:
2485:
1272:
1022:US Navy Aircraft Carriers 1942–45
368:New York Shipbuilding Corporation
91:New York Shipbuilding Corporation
2414:
2409:
1881:
1836:
1752:
1219:
1198:Park, Madison (24 August 2016).
64:
38:
1300:USS Independence CVL-22 Website
1191:
1126:Kinney, Aaron (16 April 2015).
1069:Rogers, Paul (22 August 2016).
512:. The ship sailed with a large
393:. She then steamed through the
1557:Converted to aircraft carriers
1178:
1162:Lendon, Brad (17 April 2015).
1155:
1145:
1119:
1088:
1062:
1039:
678:foray into the South China Sea
543:
516:29 August to take part in the
1:
1283:CVL-22 Reunion Group homepage
1235:. The entry can be found
1056:United States Naval Institute
971:
902:autonomous underwater vehicle
448:sailed from Pearl Harbor for
315:Cleveland-class light cruiser
313:Converted from the hull of a
7:
355:Construction and deployment
10:
2490:
2474:Maritime incidents in 1951
1095:Davis, Lisa (9 May 2001).
925:In 2016, a mission led by
767:on fire aft following the
691:
496:, and upon her arrival in
171:10,662 tons standard,
18:
2404:
2249:
1989:
1938:
1912:
1879:
1834:
1750:
1694:
1668:
1634:
1556:
1356:
606:'s striking force in the
560:. After replenishment at
144:
57:
37:
1744:-class aircraft carriers
1251:John G. Lambert (2011).
184:623 ft (190 m)
1293:29 January 2022 at the
1254:USS Independence CVL-22
550:fast carrier task force
540:during this operation.
226:31 knots (57 km/h)
207:26 ft (7.9 m)
174:14,751 tons loaded
145:General characteristics
1025:. Osprey. p. 12.
861:37.50000°N 123.08333°W
807:
780:Operation Magic Carpet
772:
756:
335:Operation Magic Carpet
296:light aircraft carrier
2464:Ships sunk as targets
805:
762:
750:
639:Battle for Leyte Gulf
622:That evening Admiral
598:, under Rear Admiral
326:Japanese Mobile Fleet
263:original plan was 30;
1257:. Lightning Source.
1101:San Francisco Weekly
866:37.50000; -123.08333
784:Operation Crossroads
769:Operation Crossroads
743:Operation Crossroads
345:Operation Crossroads
330:Battle of Leyte Gulf
306:, she served during
1107:on 17 December 2013
856: /
34:
1760:United States Navy
808:
773:
757:
630:'s carrier group.
520:operation and the
433:5 to 6 October as
372:Camden, New Jersey
293:United States Navy
28:
2426:
2425:
2383:Flying Enterprise
2260:George Washington
2145:Imperial Hamilton
1951:
1950:
1707:
1706:
1264:978-0-9838869-1-4
1032:978-1-84603-037-6
953:Honors and awards
841:at approximately
798:Sinking and wreck
702:combat air patrol
548:In September the
534:combat air patrol
522:Battle of Peleliu
409:got underway for
278:
277:
269:9 torpedo-bombers
252:Bofors 40 mm guns
50:San Francisco Bay
2481:
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1305:USS Independence
1268:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1188:, pp. 12–13, 62.
1182:
1176:
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1159:
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1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1132:The Mercury News
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:. Archived from
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1075:The Mercury News
1066:
1060:
1059:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
985:
947:SB2C-4 Helldiver
927:James P. Delgado
889:Okeanos Explorer
884:
883:
881:
880:
879:
877:
868:
867:
862:
857:
854:
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849:
839:Farallon Islands
816:Farallon Islands
647:Battle off Samar
636:
593:
587:. Aircraft from
405:on 3 July 1943.
349:Farallon Islands
258:Aircraft carried
216:General Electric
160:aircraft carrier
72:
69:
68:
67:
42:
35:
27:
21:USS Independence
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1295:Wayback Machine
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1245:Further reading
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806:Wreck position.
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721:prisoner of war
706:strike aircraft
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596:Task Group 38.2
591:
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462:Gilbert Islands
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140:29 January 1951
136:testing, 1946;
134:nuclear weapons
116:14 January 1943
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1273:External links
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1177:
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995:on 15 May 2008
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799:
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693:
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655:JisaburĹŤ Ozawa
643:Surigao Strait
581:Admiral Carney
545:
542:
489:
486:
450:Espiritu Santo
442:
439:
425:for a raid on
401:, arriving at
356:
353:
276:
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266:9 dive bombers
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1186:Naval History
1181:
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2185:Morania #130
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2128:
2117:
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2024:Independence
2023:
2021:
2012:
2002:
1927:
1918:
1902:
1897:
1889:Spanish Navy
1869:
1864:
1858:Belleau Wood
1857:
1853:Bois Belleau
1852:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1783:Belleau Wood
1782:
1775:
1769:Independence
1768:
1767:
1742:Independence
1741:
1683:
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1658:
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1281:Independence
1280:
1253:
1234:
1225:
1204:. Retrieved
1193:
1185:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1100:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1021:
997:. Retrieved
993:the original
966:World War II
962:battle stars
958:Independence
957:
956:
939:Independence
938:
924:
904:
897:
888:
874:Independence
873:
831:Independence
830:
828:
822:
820:
809:
776:Independence
775:
774:
765:Independence
764:
753:Independence
752:
739:31 October.
717:Independence
716:
714:
710:Independence
709:
697:Independence
696:
695:
672:landings on
665:Independence
664:
663:
659:Independence
658:
651:Independence
650:
632:Independence
631:
621:
615:
589:Independence
588:
578:
574:Independence
573:
554:Independence
553:
547:
530:Independence
529:
528:in October.
502:Independence
501:
491:
482:Independence
481:
470:Independence
469:
446:Independence
445:
444:
434:
421:
415:
411:Pearl Harbor
407:Independence
406:
397:to join the
395:Panama Canal
387:Independence
386:
380:
376:Pure Oil Co.
363:
358:
341:Independence
340:
339:
322:Independence
321:
319:
312:
308:World War II
288:
283:Independence
282:
280:
279:
166:Displacement
155:Independence
154:
113:Commissioned
81:Independence
80:
46:Independence
45:
31:Independence
30:
25:
2108:Sri Ayudhya
2055:Arab Trader
1844:French Navy
1825:San Jacinto
1573:Tallahassee
1505:Little Rock
1428:Springfield
929:, deep-sea
919:hangar deck
915:flight deck
906:Echo Ranger
887:NOAAS
864: /
851:123°05′00″W
787:atomic bomb
778:joined the
608:Sibuyan Sea
544:Philippines
526:Philippines
431:Wake Island
2449:1942 ships
2433:Categories
2353:Scillonian
2316:Wave Laird
2225:Jean Marie
2097:Maharashmi
2013:Castledore
1991:Shipwrecks
1865:La Fayette
1659:Youngstown
1602:Wilmington
1587:Huntington
1526:Portsmouth
1463:Manchester
1456:Providence
1400:Birmingham
1379:Montpelier
972:References
870: (
848:37°30′00″N
682:Indo-China
612:battleship
602:, spotted
585:Leyte Gulf
514:task group
239:Complement
212:Propulsion
132:Target in
100:1 May 1941
2394:Grenville
2392:HMS
2343:Wisconsin
2341:USS
2293:USS
2286:USS
2270:Etivebank
2215:SĂŁo Paulo
2165:Saltfleet
2155:Allenwood
2127:HMS
2064:HMS
2035:Partridge
2033:USS
2022:USS
1776:Princeton
1635:Cancelled
1580:New Haven
1565:Amsterdam
1519:Amsterdam
1512:Galveston
1470:Vicksburg
1414:Vincennes
1365:Cleveland
1357:Completed
1348:Cleveland
1206:25 August
1097:"Fallout"
1080:5 January
968:service.
900:used the
814:near the
792:Kwajalein
474:torpedoes
391:Caribbean
364:Amsterdam
359:Begun as
304:her class
300:lead ship
97:Laid down
33:(CVL-22)
2380:28 Dec:
2363:Gripfast
2360:22 Oct:
2350:10 Sep:
2339:22 Aug:
2323:20 Aug:
2312:19 Jul:
2302:18 May:
2281:Cherokee
2277:14 May:
2267:23 Feb:
2257:16 Jan:
2232:25 Dec:
2222:12 Dec:
2205:Transpet
2202:30 Oct:
2192:25 Oct:
2182:29 Oct:
2152:14 Sep:
2115:15 Aug:
2094:10 Jun:
2087:Marrawah
2084:10 May:
2077:Bedenham
2073:27 Apr:
2062:16 Apr:
2052:13 Apr:
2042:18 Feb:
2020:29 Jan:
2010:28 Jan:
1797:Monterey
1626:(CL-100)
1421:Pasadena
1393:Santa Fe
1372:Columbia
1291:Archived
837:off the
812:scuttled
670:Lingayen
510:Eniwetok
500:waters,
498:Hawaiian
494:catapult
478:Funafuti
458:Japanese
422:Yorktown
291:) was a
285:(CVL-22)
247:Armament
138:scuttled
105:Launched
2370:6 Nov:
2295:Valcour
2288:Sunbird
2212:6 Nov:
2172:7 Oct:
2162:3 Oct:
2142:3 Sep:
2135:Pelican
2129:Bagshot
2125:1 Sep:
2104:1 Jul:
2045:Nairana
2031:2 Feb:
1999:7 Jan:
1870:Langley
1804:Langley
1790:Cowpens
1675:Atlanta
1643:Buffalo
1618:(CL-99)
1616:Buffalo
1596:(CL-78)
1567:(CL-59)
1540:Atlanta
1491:Astoria
1449:Houston
999:15 July
692:Okinawa
616:Musashi
570:Formosa
566:Okinawa
385:hulls,
383:cruiser
328:in the
87:Builder
58:History
2326:Dromus
2279:USCGC
2234:Lilica
2175:U-2513
2118:Wahine
2066:Affray
2003:Pratae
1928:Midway
1898:DĂ©dalo
1886:
1841:
1818:Bataan
1757:
1651:Newark
1624:Newark
1594:Dayton
1547:Dayton
1477:Duluth
1442:Biloxi
1435:Topeka
1407:Mobile
1386:Denver
1261:
1224:
1170:12 May
1137:12 May
1111:12 May
1029:
898:Fulmar
733:Saipan
725:Allied
624:Halsey
604:Kurita
562:Ulithi
466:Tarawa
454:Rabaul
435:CVL-22
298:. The
287:(also
181:Length
157:-class
2106:HTMS
2001:HTMS
1930:class
1921:class
1919:Essex
1903:Cabot
1811:Cabot
1686:class
1684:Fargo
1677:class
1609:Fargo
1484:Miami
1202:. CNN
1166:. CNN
1058:: 35.
1054:(1).
911:sonar
872:"USS
729:Tokyo
686:China
674:Luzon
635:'
600:Bogan
592:'
558:Luzon
518:Palau
416:Essex
289:CV-22
250:26 Ă—
231:Range
223:Speed
204:Draft
2420:1952
2407:1950
2314:RFA
2075:RFA
1901:(ex-
1868:(ex-
1856:(ex-
1279:USS
1259:ISBN
1237:here
1208:2016
1172:2016
1139:2016
1113:2016
1082:2019
1027:ISBN
1001:2009
964:for
763:USS
751:USS
737:Guam
735:and
704:and
684:and
536:for
419:and
281:USS
189:Beam
129:Fate
77:Name
44:USS
29:USS
2236:ex-
302:of
48:in
2435::
2329:,
2291:,
2284:,
2132:,
1130:.
1099:.
1073:.
1050:.
1009:^
980:^
649:;
594:s
370:,
351:.
337:.
310:.
1977:e
1970:t
1963:v
1905:)
1872:)
1860:)
1733:e
1726:t
1719:v
1339:e
1332:t
1325:v
1267:.
1239:.
1210:.
1174:.
1141:.
1115:.
1084:.
1052:3
1035:.
1003:.
878:)
876:"
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_in_San_Francisco_Bay_on_15_July_1943_(80-G-74436).jpg)