UNRWA - Knowledge

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Policy to further strengthen human rights education in UNRWA. This policy builds upon past successes, but also draws from international best practices and paves the way to better integrate human rights education in all our schools. The HRCRT Policy reflects the UNRWA mandate of quality education for Palestine refugees and sets out a common approach among all UNRWA schools for the teaching and learning of human rights, conflict resolution and tolerance. The vision of the policy is to "provide human rights education that empowers Palestine refugee students to enjoy and exercise their rights, uphold human rights values, be proud of their Palestinian identity, and contribute positively to their society and the global community."

2510:, the president of Canada's Treasury Board, stated, "Overall, Canada is not reducing the amount of money given to the PA, but it is now being redirected in accordance with Canadian values. This will ensure accountability and foster democracy in the PA." Previously, Canada provided UNRWA with 11 percent of its budget at $ 10 million (Canadian) annually. The decision came despite positive internal evaluations of the Agency by CIDA officials. The Canadian decision put it very much at odds with the US and EU, which maintained or increased their levels of funding. Some suggested that the decision also cost Canada international support in its failed October 2010 effort to obtain a seat on the UN Security Council. 252: 1948:

management, operational management, relationship management, and knowledge management—MOPAN concluded that the agency performs adequately or well in most key indicators, particularly within strategic management. UNRWA responded to the result positively, noting that "many of the challenges highlighted in the report reflect challenges within most, if not all, multilateral organisations." In its most recent assessment in 2019, MOPAN commended UNRWA for continuing to increase the efficiency of its programmes, recognizing the agency as "competent, resilient and resolute".

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General Assembly; unlike other UN agencies, such as the World Health Organization or the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, it lacks a constitution or statute. The mandate may also be shaped by requests from other UN organs, such as the Secretary-General. The General Assembly passes a series of resolutions annually that address UNRWA's responsibilities, functions, and budget. As it is technically a temporary organisation, the agency's mandate is extended every three years; it was most recently renewed on 13 December 2019, extending until 30 June 2023.

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starvation and distress… and to further conditions of peace and stability". UNRWA's mandate was soon expanded through Resolution 393(V) (2 December 1950), which instructed the agency to "establish a reintegration fund which shall be utilized ... for the permanent re-establishment of refugees and their removal from relief". A subsequent resolution, dated 26 January 1952, allocated four times as much funding on reintegration than on relief, requesting UNRWA to otherwise continue providing programs for health care, education, and general welfare.

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parts of the homeland"; the maps show some awkwardness but do sometimes indicate the 1967 line and take some other measures to avoid indicating borders; in this respect they are actually more forthcoming than Israeli maps; the books avoid treating Israel at length but do indeed mention it by name; the new books must be seen as a tremendous improvement from a Jewish, Israeli, and humanitarian view; they do not compare unfavorably to the material my son was given as a fourth-grade student in a school in Tel Aviv".

9591: 413: 2644: 1456: 2658: 2295:, Hamas won a teachers union election for UN schools in Gaza in 2009. UNRWA has strongly denied this and notes that "Staff elections are conducted on an individual – not party list – basis for unions that handle normal labour relations – not political – issues." In addition, John Ging, the Gaza head of operations, said in a letter dated 29 March 2009 that employees must not "be under the influence of any political party in the conduct of their work." 866: 2426:... Responding to the letter, a State Department spokesman said that the UN is taking "proactive steps to address this problem," including deploying munitions experts to the strip in search of more weapons caches. "The international community cannot accept a situation where the United Nations– its facilities, staff, and those it is protecting — are used as shields for militants and terrorist groups," State Department spokesone Edgar Vasquez told 2546:'s Budgetary Control Committee approved withholding 20 million Euros in aid to UNRWA if immediate changes to UNRWA's education curriculum are not made. According to the resolution, the Parliament "is concerned about the hate speech and violence taught in Palestinian school textbooks and used in schools by UNRWA... insists that UNRWA acts in full transparency... to ensure that content adheres to UN values and does not encourage hatred." 2672: 1852:

improve spatial and environmental conditions through comprehensive urban planning methods and community engagement. ICIP is implemented differently in each host country based on local needs, resources, and priorities, albeit with a broader focus on rehabilitating or reconstructing existing shelters, building new housing or service centers, providing maintenance, and improving public infrastructure such as sanitation and water drainage.

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Nations Board of Auditors recognized the quality of the management and leadership of UNRWA. Finally, the 2018 annual report recently presented by UNRWA's Department of Internal Oversight Services and Ethics Division - both independent bodies - to UNRWA's Advisory Commission (host countries and largest donors) confirmed these positive assessments. These reports testify to the strength of this Agency and are a matter of public record.

2433:"There are few good solutions given the exceptionally difficult situation in Gaza," Vasquez continued, "but nonetheless we are in contact with the United Nations, other UNRWA donors, and concerned parties – including Israel – on identifying better options for protecting the neutrality of UN facilities and ensuring that weapons discovered are handled appropriately and do not find their way back to Hamas or other terrorist groups." 1693:

childhood diseases. All UNRWA clinics offer family planning services with counselling that emphasises the importance of birth spacing as a factor in maternal and child health. Agency clinics also supervise the provision of food aid to nursing and pregnant mothers who need it, and six clinics in the Gaza Strip have their own maternity units. Infant mortality rates have for some time been lower among refugees than the

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the time, and UNRWA's workforce of 11,000 Palestinians, at least some Hamas sympathizers were likely to be among UNRWA's employees. The important thing, he wrote, was that UNRWA's strict rules and regulations ensured that its staff remained impartial UN servants. Hansen was retired from United Nations service against his will on 31 March 2005 after the United States blocked his reappointment.

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relevant resolutions and requests of the General Assembly. While focused on Palestine refugees, it also extends to persons displaced by "the 1967 and subsequent hostilities" and, occasionally, to a broader cross-section of the local community. Several categories of persons have long been registered as eligible to receive UNRWA services although not "Palestine refugees".

1867:, UNRWA led the initiative to rebuild the camp, in what has become the largest project in its history. As of April 2021, nearly two-thirds (72 percent) of the camp has been reconstructed, including 386 shops and businesses, enabling 3,550 families to return. Special funding has been provided by Saudi Arabia, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates. 1307:, creating the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP), mandated to help achieve a final settlement between the warring parties, including facilitating "the repatriation, resettlement and economic and social rehabilitation of the refugees" in collaboration with the UNRPR. By that time, the conflict had displaced over 700,000 people. 8688: 2171:, an interfaith association of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim leaders in Israel and the Occupied Territories. The study was overseen by an international Scientific Advisory Panel and funded by the US State Department The Council published a report "Victims of Our Own Narratives? Portrayal of the 'Other' in Israeli and Palestinian School Books". 2164:. In its 2009 Human Rights report, the US Department of State wrote that after a 2006 revision of textbooks by the PA Ministry of Education and Higher Education, international academics concluded that books did not incite violence against Jews but showed imbalance, bias, and inaccuracy. The examples given were similar to those given by IPCRI. 1541:, with Germany being the largest individual donor. The next largest donors were the EU, United Kingdom, Sweden and the United Arab Emirates, followed by Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Qatar, and the Netherlands. UNRWA also establishes partnerships with nongovernmental donors, including nonprofit "national committees" based in donor countries. 1570:

for 2019, to €19 million. The EU increased its contribution from €82 million ($ 92.2 million) by €21 million ($ 23.3 million), and Germany agreed to fund four new UNRWA projects, totaling €59 million ($ 65.6 million). Qatar increased its donation for Palestinians in Syria by $ 20.7 million, bringing the 2019 total to $ 40 million.

1915:, among others. In 2007, the Permanent Representative of Norway to the United Nations described his country as a "strong supporter" of UNRWA, which acts as "a safety net" for the Palestine refugees, providing them with "immediate relief, basic services and the possibility of a life in dignity". The same day, the Representative of 1311:

to this recommendation, and to paragraph 11 of Resolution 194, which concerned refugees, on 8 December 1949, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 302(IV), which established the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The resolution was adopted and passed unopposed, supported by

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males, including legally adopted children, are eligible to register for UNRWA services. The agency accepts new applications from persons who wish to be registered as Palestine Refugees. Once they are registered with UNRWA, persons in this category are referred to as Registered Refugees or as Registered Palestine Refugees.

2136:"textbooks revealed numerous instances that introduce and promote the universal and religious values and concepts of respect of other cultures, religions, and ethnic groups, peace, human rights, freedom of speech, justice, compassion, diversity, plurality, tolerance, respect of law, and environmental awareness". 2705: 5798: 2280:

UNRWA has taken very few steps to detect and eliminate terrorists from the ranks of its staff or its beneficiaries, and no steps at all to prevent members of organizations such as Hamas from joining its staff. UNRWA has no preemployment security checks and does not monitor off-time behavior to ensure

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We have been delivering human rights education in our schools since 2000 to promote non-violence, healthy communication skills, peaceful conflict resolution, human rights, tolerance, and good citizenship. In May 2012, the Agency endorsed its new Human Rights, Conflict Resolution and Tolerance (HRCRT)

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The new books have removed the anti-Semitism present in the older books while they tell history from a Palestinian point of view, they do not seek to erase Israel, delegitimize, it or replace it with the "State of Palestine"; each book contains a foreword describing the West Bank and Gaza as "the two

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A recent report by an external group of experts (MOPAN) has just shown satisfactory (and at times very satisfactory) results of UNRWA's management and impact - which is particularly important for us during these times of intense political and financial pressure on the agency ... Similarly, the United

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UNRWA has done and continues to do invaluable work to address the humanitarian situation in Gaza at great personal risk to UNRWA members. I believe it’s over 100 UNRWA staff members have been killed doing this lifesaving work, and we continue to not only support it but we continue to commend them for

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The Microfinance Department is an autonomous financial unit within UNRWA, established in 1991 to provide microfinance services to Palestine refugees, as well as poor or marginal groups living and working in close proximity to them. With operations in three countries, the MD currently has the broadest

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UNRWA provides food aid, cash assistance, and help with shelter repairs to these families. In addition, children from special hardship case families are given preferential access to the Agency's vocational training centres, while women in such families are encouraged to join UNRWA's women's programme

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The funding situation for 2019 and beyond was discussed in April at a "Ministerial Strategic Dialogue" attended by representatives from Egypt, France, Germany, Japan, Kuwait, Norway, United Kingdom, the European External Action Service and the European Commission. At the annual meeting of the General

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The Advisory Commission is led by a chair and a vice-chair, representing a host country and a donor country, respectively. Each is appointed annually in June from among the Commission members according to the alphabetical rotation, serving for one year beginning 1 July. At each appointment, the chair

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Persons who meet UNRWA's Palestine Refugee criteria These are persons whose regular place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict. Palestine Refugees, and descendants of Palestine refugee

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Despite repeated requests from the author, the agency declined to identify the alleged weaknesses on the grounds that "our views—and understanding—of UNRWA's role, the refugees and even U.S. policy are too far apart for us to take time (time that we do not have) to enter into an exchange with little

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UNRWA's education system takes as its basis the curriculum taught by the PA and so we use PA textbooks in preparing children in Gaza for public examinations. ... In addition, we enrich our education programs in Gaza with an agreed human rights curriculum which has been developed with the communities

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A review performed in 2024 names using "host-country textbooks with problematic content" as one of the issues with UNRWA's neutrality. The review states "Three international assessments of PA textbooks in recent years have provided a nuanced picture,..Two identified presence of bias and antagonistic

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The practice of 'appropriating' sites, areas, localities, geographic regions, etc. inside the territory of the State of Israel as Palestine/Palestinian observed in our previous review, remains a feature of the newly published textbooks (4th and 9th Grade) laying substantive grounds to the contention

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The global financial crisis may result in decreasing international funds to UNRWA, and UNRWA may be pushed towards reducing its services. Such a scenario will be felt by Palestinian refugees in particular ways, seeing the absence of alternative sources of income and the restrictive laws and policies

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The High Commission is mandated to help refugees get on with their lives as quickly as possible and works to settle them rapidly, most frequently in countries other than those they fled. UNRWA policy, however, states that the Palestinian Arabs who fled from Israel in the course of the 1948 war, plus

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Up until this point, the reconstruction work at Nahr el-Bared Palestine refugee camp in Lebanon has been the largest reconstruction project ever undertaken by UNRWA. This work began in 2009 and was made necessary when the camp was destroyed in the fighting between the Lebanese Armed Forces and Fatah

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Members of the AdCom, including the year they joined, are: Australia (2005), Belgium (1953), Brazil (2014), Canada (2005), Denmark (2005), Egypt (1949), Finland (2008), France (1949), Germany (2005), Ireland (2008), Italy (2005), Japan (1973), Jordan (1949), Kazakhstan (2013), Kuwait (2010), Lebanon

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on 31 July 2014, David Horovits likewise observed that although Israel has many complaints against UNRWA, it is broadly supportive of the organization not interested in abolishing it. During the article's publication, the 2014 Gaza conflict had resulted in 225,000 displaced persons within Gaza, the

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One of UNRWA's flagships has been gender-equality and integration. But Hamas militants have firebombed UNRWA mixed-gender summer camps, and in 2013 Hamas passed a law requiring gender segregation in schools for all pupils nine years of age and older in Gaza. The law does not apply to UNRWA schools.

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Hansen later specified that he had been referring not to active Hamas members, but to Hamas sympathizers within UNRWA. In a letter to the Agency's major donors, he said he was attempting to be honest because UNRWA has over 8,200 employees in the Gaza Strip. Given the 30% support of Hamas in Gaza at

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The study praised both Israel and the Palestinian Authority for producing textbooks almost completely unblemished by "dehumanizing and demonizing characterizations of the other". Yet many troubling examples were given of both sides failing to represent each other in a positive or even adequate way.

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The point this approach is stresses, I believe, is not that UNRWA is not necessary or that Palestinian refugeehood is not unique and special, but rather that UNRWA is not currently capable of ensuring necessary protection for Palestinian refugees, and that host Arab states cannot use the uniqueness

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Medical services include outpatient care, dental treatment, and rehabilitation for the physically disabled. Maternal and child healthcare (MCH) is a priority for UNRWA's health program. School health teams and camp medical officers visit UNRWA schools to examine new pupils to aid early detection of

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The FHT offers comprehensive primary health care services based on wholistic care of the entire family, emphasizing long-term provider-patient relationships and ensuring person-centeredness, comprehensiveness, and continuity. Moreover, the FHT helps address intersectional issues that impact health,

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UNRWA provides a wide variety of social and humanitarian services, as determined by resolutions of the UN General Assembly. Since its initial establishment in 1949, its operations have expanded beyond immediate relief and social services; as of 2019, the bulk of its budget is spent on education (58

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UNRWA is a subsidiary organ of the United Nations General Assembly, established pursuant to Articles 7(2) and 22 of the UN Charter. It is one of only two UN agencies that reports directly to the General Assembly. The scope and renewal of UNRWA's mandate is determined primarily by resolutions of the

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UNRWA succeeded the UNRPR with a broader mandate for humanitarian assistance and development, and the requirement to function neutrally. When it began operations in 1950, the initial scope of its work was "direct relief and works programmes" to Palestine refugees, in order to "prevent conditions of

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Unable to resolve the "Palestine problem", which required political solutions beyond the scope of its mandate, the UNCCP recommended the creation of a "United Nations agency designed to continue relief activities and initiate job-creation projects" while an ultimate resolution was pending. Pursuant

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passed Resolution 212 (III), dated 19 November 1948, which established the UN Relief for Palestine Refugees (UNRPR) to provide emergency relief to Palestine refugees in coordination with other UN or humanitarian agencies. In response to the political aspects of the conflict, less than a month later

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UN General Assembly, Annual Report of the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, covering the period 1 July 1951 to 30 June 1952. Seventh Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/2171) 1952. "Late in June, an agreement was concluded with Israel whereby

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In 2013, Israeli media outlets aired a video documenting UNRWA-funded summer camps where children are being taught to engage in violence with Israelis. The video airs speakers telling campers "With God's help and our own strength we will wage war. And with education and Jihad we will return to our

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Elhanen Miller, the Arab affairs reporter for The Times of Israel, wrote in February 2014 that Hamas was "bashing" UNRWA's human rights curriculum, saying that it included too many examples and values foreign to Palestinian culture and had too much emphasis on peaceful resistance rather than armed

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Half the Palestine refugee population is under 25. Overcrowded classrooms containing 40 or even 50 pupils are common. Almost three-quarters run on a double-shift system, where two separate groups of pupils and teachers share the same buildings, thus reducing teaching time. The school year is often

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In mid-2019, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland temporarily suspended funding to UNRWA, citing ethics report that alleged mismanagement, corruption, and discrimination among the agency's leadership. In December 2019, the Netherlands restored its funding, increasing its donation by €6 million

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It has also been claimed that in 2012, the Hamas "Professional List" again won a Staff Union election in UNRWA. The Professional List is led by alleged senior Hamas activist Suheil Al-Hind. More than 9,500 UNRWA employees in the Gaza Strip participated; this represented more than 80% turnout. The

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In 2024, a senior adviser at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies testified in the House Subcommittee on Oversight and Accountability, that UNRWA "is built from its core mission, its mandate, to indoctrinate generation after generation to hate Jews, to destroy Israel, to be ready to manifest

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to semi-permanent and dense urban environments, UNRWA has characterized them as "hyper-congested" and "overcrowded" with "critically substandard and in many cases life-threatening" infrastructure. In response, in 2007 the Agency launched the Infrastructure and Camp Improvement Programme (ICIP) to

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People are living longer and developing different needs, particularly those related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic conditions that require lifelong care, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. A healthy life is a continuum of phases from infancy to old age, each of which has

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Education is UNRWA's largest area of activity, accounting for more than half its regular budget and the majority of its staff. It operates one of the largest school systems in the Middle East, spanning 711 elementary and preparatory schools, eight vocational and technical schools, and two teacher

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UNRWA's budget is set by the UN General Assembly and derives almost entirely from voluntary contributions by UN member states. It also receives some revenue from the regular UN budget, mostly for international staffing costs. In addition to its regular budget, UNRWA receives funding for emergency

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UNRWA denies that the video shows UNRWA summer camps and instead shows footage of camps that were not operated by UNRWA, and stated that the film was "grossly misleading" and that "the film-maker concerned has a history of making baseless claims about UNRWA, all of which we have investigated and

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The Oslo agreements resulted in the dismantling of the Israeli office responsible for censorship of textbooks. Administration of the education system for all Palestinian students in the West Bank and Gaza was taken over by the Palestinian Authority (PA). Other Palestinian schools administered by

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UNRWA services are available to all registered Palestine refugees living in its area of operations who need assistance. When UNRWA began operations in 1950, it was responding to the needs of about 700,000 Palestinian refugees. By 2023, some 5.9 million people were registered as eligible for

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of 1967 generated a new wave of Palestinian refugees who could not be included in the original UNRWA definition. Since 1991, the UN General Assembly has adopted an annual resolution allowing the 1967 refugees within the UNRWA mandate. UNRWA's "mandate" is not a single document but the sum of all

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The AdCom meets twice a year, usually in June and November, to discuss important issues of UNRWA and develop a consensus-based guidance for the Commissioner-General. Additionally, members and observers convene more regularly through sub-committee meetings. The AdCom also conducts periodic field

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Concurrent with the creation of UNRWA, the UN General Assembly established an Advisory Commission (AdCom) to assist the Commissioner-General in carrying out the Agency's mandate. Created with four members, the AdCom currently has 28 members and four observers. Membership is obtained via General

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responsible for managing all of the agency's activities and personnel. The Commissioner-General selects and appoints all the agency's staff, pursuant to internal rules and regulations, and reports directly to the General Assembly. UNRWA's operations are organised into five fields—Jordan, Syria,

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at the request of the Israel Government, UNRWA would continue its assistance to the Palestine refugees, with the full co-operation of the Israel authorities, in the West Bank and Gaza Strip areas. For its part, the Israel Government will facilitate the task of UNRWA to the best of its ability,

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content, but did not provide evidence of antisemitic content. The third assessment, by the Georg Eckert Institute, studied 156 PA textbooks and identified two examples that it found to display antisemitic motifs but noted that one of them had already been removed, the other has been altered."

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In 2011, UNRWA agreed to be assessed by the Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN), a network of donor countries established to determine the organisational effectiveness of multilateral organisations. Based on four dimensions of organisational effectiveness—strategic

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UNRWA has created community-based organizations (CBOs) to target women, refugees with disabilities, and to look after the needs of children. The CBOs now have their own management committees staffed by volunteers from the community. UNRWA provides them with technical and small sums of targeted

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in Gaza. In August 2018, the US ceased its contributions, arguing that UNRWA's mandate should be reduced to the few hundred thousand Palestinians alive when the agency was created. The US decision resulted in the loss of $ 300 million out of the $ 1.2 billion budget, contributing to an overall

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The Center carries out research and (through its "Israel Resource News Agency") investigative journalism and research in cooperation with a wide variety of organisations and researchers, such as The Middle East Forum, which has published an entire issue of Middle East Quarterly discussing the

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Oh I am sure that there are Hamas members on the UNRWA payroll and I don't see that as a crime. Hamas as a political organization does not mean that every member is a militant and we do not do political vetting and exclude people from one persuasion as against another. We demand of our staff,

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Most books were found to be factually accurate except, for example, through presenting maps that present the area from the river to the sea as either Palestine or Israel. Israeli schoolbooks were deemed superior to Palestinian ones with regard to preparing children for peace, although various

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for Palestininans, of which nine are undergoing active improvement. 6 million refugees were registered with UNRWA, with 1.37 million in Gaza using a UNRWA camp. The camps are neither owned nor administered by the Agency; host governments are responsible for allocating land (mostly of which is

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Per the longstanding agreement, UNRWA schools follow the curriculum of their host countries. This allows UNRWA pupils to progress to further education or employment holding locally recognised qualifications and complies with the sovereignty requirements of countries hosting refugees. Wherever

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All in all there seems to be broad agreement that there is continual improvement in the textbooks used by UNRWA—but very strong disagreement about whether the improvement is sufficient. In response to a critical report written in 2009 by former UNRWA general counsel James G. Lindsay, fellow

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IPCRI's June 2004 follow-up report notes that "except for calls for resisting occupation and oppression, no signs were detected of outright promotion of hatred towards Israel, Judaism, or Zionism" and that "tolerance, as a concept, runs across the new textbooks". The report also stated that

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For a camp to be recognized by UNRWA, there must be an agreement between the host government and UNRWA governing the use of the camp. UNRWA does not itself run camps, has no police powers or administrative role, but simply provides services in the camp. Refugee camps, which developed from

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Assembly that year, a high-level ministerial meeting was held regarding UNRWA funding. In July 2020, Commissioner-General Lazzarini warned that UNRWA's budget was "not sustainable", with shortfalls in four out of the five previous years, and funding at its lowest point since 2012.

2383:... even those who scrutinise most closely and challenge it most severely are those who also ensure that its programmes receive adequate funding. They, like others who view the agency more positively, realise that UNRWA makes a major contribution to stability in the Middle East. 1646:

Since 1950, UNRWA has been the main healthcare provider for Palestinian refugees. Basic health needs are met through a network of primary care clinics, providing access to secondary treatment in hospitals, food aid to vulnerable groups, and environmental health in refugee camps.

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and Nitza Nachmias pointed out that many criticisms of the agency corresponded to its age, "including symptoms of inflexibility, resistance to adjust to the changing political environment, and refusal to phase out and transfer its responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority".

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we serve: with educationalists, parents groups, teachers associations, staff members and others. We have done our utmost in developing these materials to be sensitive to local values while also being true to the universal values that underpin the work of the United Nations.

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To address the changing needs of Palestine refugees, we undertook a major reform initiative in 2011. We introduced the Family Health Team (FHT) approach, based on the World Health Organization-indicated values of primary health care, in our primary health facilities (PHFs).

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The main thrust of the UNRWA Reform Initiative is to present documentation of problems with UNRWA to sponsor nations and organisations with the aim of increasing sponsor demands for accountability. UNRWA has stated on multiple occasions that the head of this initiative,

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UNRWA should make the following operational changes: halt its one-sided political statements and limit itself to comments on humanitarian issues; take additional steps to ensure the agency is not employing or providing benefits to terrorists and criminals; and allow the

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exchanged letters that has since served as much of the basis for the relationship between Israel and UNRWA. Commonly referred to the Comay-Michelmore Exchange of Letters, the initial letter from Michelmore reiterates a verbal conversation between the two, stating that:

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Hamas has denounced UNRWA and Ging, accusing them of using their summer camps to corrupt the morals of Palestinian youth. Hamas also advised UNRWA to reexamine its curriculum to ensure its suitability for Palestinian society, due to the mixing of genders at the camps.

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in April 2011 saying that "it is hard to claim that the UNRWA has created any Palestinian institutions that foster genuinely civil society. Ideally, the UNRWA would be disbanded and Palestinians given the freedom – and the responsibility – to build their own society."

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despite the harsh and violent realities on the ground. It does not openly incite against Israel and the Jews. It does not openly incite hatred and violence. Religious and political tolerance is emphasized in a good number of textbooks and in multiple contexts."

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The voluntary nature of UNRWA funding has led to budgetary problems due to acute emergencies or political developments in donor countries. In 2009, officials spoke of a "dire financial crisis", including a funding shortfall of $ 200 million, in the wake of the

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demonstrated to be patently false." It stated that the 'summer camp' shown in the West Bank was not affiliated with or organized by UNRWA, and that footage from the camp in Gaza "revealed that absolutely nothing anti-Semitic or inflammatory was done or said".

2052:, and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Public Administration, has focused on human rights issues for Palestinians in host countries. After systematically documenting the human rights situation for Palestinians in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, he concludes: 1415:(1953), Luxembourg (2012), Netherlands (2005), Norway (2005), Qatar (2018), Saudi Arabia (2005), Spain (2005), Sweden (2005), Switzerland (2005), Syria (1949), Turkey (1949), United Arab Emirates (2014), the United Kingdom (1949), the United States (1949). 339:

until the Israeli government took over this responsibility in 1952. As a subsidiary body of the UNGA, UNRWA's mandate is subject to periodic renewal every three years; it has consistently been extended since its founding, most recently until 30 June 2026.

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themselves as those who that come to wipe the Jews into the Mediterranean Sea". On the same hearing, CEO of the Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education testified that "UNRWA educates that dying is better than living".

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that exist in some host countries. UNRWA is a main service provider for Palestinian refugees in host countries. It provides jobs for thousands of refugees, education, health care, and various other services that are extremely valuable and necessary.

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While it has received praise and recognition for its work by various governments, public figures, and independent monitors, UNRWA has also been subject to criticism and controversy related to its operations, role in the Gaza Strip, relationship with

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UNRWA evaluates the ongoing conflict in Syria as one of the most serious challenges ever. UNRWA supports Palestinian refugees, both those displaced within Syria and those who have fled to neighbouring countries within the UNRWA areas of operations.

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admitted to the European Parliament that the study materials in UNRWA's schools featured incitement to violence, glorification of acts of terror, and antisemitism, but insisted that the agency takes steps to prevent the material from being taught.

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UNRWA employs over 30,000 people, most of them Palestinian refugees, and a small number of international staff. Originally intended to provide employment and direct relief, its mandate has broadened to include providing education, health care, and

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to investigate media claims that government funding given to UNRWA had been used to support individuals involved in militant activities. During its investigation, the GAO discovered several irregularities in its processing and employment history.

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In 2021, the Australian and Canadian governments started investigating UNRWA, and the British government found that UNRWA had produced and disseminated textbooks inciting violence. UNRWA blocked public access to its website contents in response.

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success in resettling refugees "obviously represents a political decision on the part of the agency" and "seems to favor the strain of Palestinian political thought espoused by those who are intent on a 'return' to the land that is now Israel".

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In 2013 Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan Dahoah-Halevi, senior researcher of the Middle East and radical Islam at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, asserted that 'the UNRWA workers union has been controlled in practice by Hamas for many years'.

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privately owned) and providing security and order. Rather, UNRWA is responsible for operating education, health, relief and social services, microfinance, and emergency assistance programmes, some of which may be located outside the camps.

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stated that UNRWA rejects Lindsay's report and its findings and said that the study was inaccurate and misleading, since it "makes selective use of source material and fails to paint a truthful portrait of UNRWA and its operations today".

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in 2019 alleged that, since 2015, the agency's senior management have consolidated power at the expense of efficiency, leading to widespread misconduct, nepotism, and other abuses of power among high ranking personnel. Responding to the

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This enables UNRWA to fuel the conflict with Israel by cultivating a trans-generational belief among Palestinians that the one-and-only solution to their plight consists of returning to homes and lands vacated more than half a century

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Brown has pointed out that research into Palestinian textbooks conducted by the Centre for Monitoring the Impact of Peace in 1998 is misleading because it evaluates the old books; and in 2000, its research mixed old and new books.

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to review the Palestinian Authority's textbooks. Its report was completed in March 2003 and delivered to the State Department for submission to Congress. Its executive summary states: "The overall orientation of the curriculum is

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Particularly in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (occupied Palestinian territory (oPt)) there has been ongoing intervention made necessary by, e.g., the 1967 War as well as the first and second intifadas, and the 2014 Gaza War.

5834:. 27 May 2008. 1 March 2009. "Due to this special status, the UNRWA perpetuates, rather than resolves, the Palestinian refugee issue, and therefore serves as a major obstacle toward resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict." 9048: 2349:

UNRWA did not operate its summer camps for summer 2012 and summer 2014 due to a lack of available funding. Hamas has filled this void and now is the direct provider of summer activities for about 100,000 children and youths.

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financed a programme of "Operations Support Officers" whose responsibilities including undertaking random and unannounced inspections of UNRWA facilities to ensure their sanctity from militant operations. In 2004, the

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Services range from supplying temporary shelter, water, food, clothing, and blankets to temporary job-creation and help for rebuilding. There is extensive cooperation with other international NGOs and local actors.

2423:... While the letter does not call on the State Department to cut aid, the senators write that the American taxpayers "deserve to know if UNRWA is fulfilling its mission or taking sides in this tragic conflict." 1724:

regional coverage of any microfinance institution in the Middle East. Having begun its operations in the Palestinian territories, it remains the largest non-bank financial intermediary in the West Bank and Gaza.

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Documents obtained from the Canadian International Development Agency revealed that even the government of Israel opposed the Canadian move, and had asked Ottawa to resume contributions to UNRWA's General Fund.

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likelihood of influencing a narrative which so substantially differs from our own." Thus, the paper has not benefited from any input by UNRWA, whether a discussion of policy or even correction of alleged errors.

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Lebanon, West Bank, and Gaza—each led by a director, who is in charge of distributing humanitarian aid and overseeing general UNRWA operations. The agency's headquarters are divided between the Gaza Strip and

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Unlike UNRWA, UNHCR has a specific mandate to assist refugees in eliminating their refugee status by local integration in the current country, resettlement in a third country or repatriation when possible.

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UNRWA's environmental health services program "controls the quality of drinking water, provides sanitation, and carries out vector and rodent control in refugee camps, thus reducing the risk of epidemics."

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It is the PA textbooks used in UNRWA schools in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem that have been most extensively studied. The following discussions cannot be generalized to UNRWA schools elsewhere.

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refugee children since 1950. Free basic education is available to all registered refugee children, currently numbering 526,000. In the 1960s, UNRWA schools became the first in the region to achieve full

1581:, for all countries receiving more than $ 2 billion in international aid in 2012, Gaza and the West Bank received a per capita aid budget over double the next largest recipient, at a rate of $ 495. 392:, leading to lay-offs, an investigation, and the temporary suspension of funding by numerous donors. As of May 2024, several major donors have since resumed funding as the investigation remains ongoing. 3278: 7637: 4449: 9090: 6386: 4524: 3819: 2090:

In the beginning, the PA used books from Jordan and Egypt. In 2000 it started issuing its own books. Nathan Brown investigated the differences between the new PA books and the ones being replaced.

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Many critics of UNRWA, while generally recognizing the importance of its work and the infeasibility of disbanding it, believe it requires more transparency, oversight, and support. Writing in the

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UNRWA in neighboring countries were unaffected. With the end of UNESCO monitoring of the books, UNRWA moved to develop supplementary materials to teach tolerance in the schools it administered.

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However, after a few days, UNRWA consented to temporarily suspending the use of only the books used in grades 7–9 (continuing to use the books used in grades 1–6) pending further discussions.

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UNRWA provides refugees with assistance in meeting the costs of hospitalisation either by partially reimbursing them, or by negotiating contracts with government, NGOs, and private hospitals.

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Agency in Gaza faces increasing difficulty in carrying out its work, as the Hamas-led government claims some of its activities are not in line with the Strip's Islamic culture and values ...

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UNRWA has taken many steps since the year 2000 to supplement the PA curriculum with concepts of human rights, nonviolent conflict resolution, and tolerance. According to the UNRWA website:

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UNRWA has no plans to change its education programs in Gaza ... human rights are taught in all UNRWA schools from grades 1 through 9, discussing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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In August 2014, several US Senators demanded an impartial investigation into UNRWA's alleged participation in the 2014 Gaza-Israel conflict, accusing UNRWA of being complicit with Hamas.

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are "persons whose regular place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."

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Overall negative or very negative representations of Palestinians occurred 49% of the time in Israeli state school books (73% in Haredi school books) and in 84% of Palestinian textbooks.

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loans at commercial rates. The programme seeks to be as close to self-supporting as possible. It has a strong record of creating employment, generating income, and empowering refugees.

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announced that it was redirecting aid previously earmarked to UNRWA "to specific projects in the Palestinian Authority that will ensure accountability and foster democracy in the PA."

8713: 5320:"Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee)- Summary record of the 21st meeting held at Headquarters, New York, on Tuesday, 2 November 2004, at 2 :30 p.m." 1619:

Not all refugee children attend UNRWA schools. In Jordan and Syria, children have full access to government schools and many attend those because they are close to where they reside.

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In 2007, Israel expressed its continued support for UNRWA, noting that despite "concerns regarding the politicization" of the agency, the country supports its humanitarian mission.

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In Palestinian refugee society, families without a male breadwinner are often very vulnerable. Those headed by a widow, a divorcee, or a disabled father often live in dire poverty.

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Assembly resolutions, with all host countries of Palestinian refugees (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon) sitting on the commission, followed by the 24 leading donors and supporters of UNRWA.

328:, and subsequent conflicts, as well as their descendants, including legally adopted children. As of 2019, more than 5.6 million Palestinians are registered with UNRWA as refugees. 9645: 8651: 1383:, with the latter hosting the Deputy Commissioner-General, currently Leni Stenseth of Norway, who administers departmental activities, such as education, healthcare, and finance. 376:(UNHCR), established in 1950 as the main agency to aid all other refugees worldwide. UNRWA is the only UN agency dedicated to helping refugees from a specific region or conflict. 2281:

compliance with the organization's anti-terror rules. No justification exists for millions of dollars in humanitarian aid going to those who can afford to pay for UNRWA services.

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Hamas has its own network of summer camps and the two organizations are regarded to be vying for influence with Gazan youth. Islamic Jihad has also run summer camps since 2013.

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advocate Baruch Spiegel, as "an uneasy marriage of convenience between two unlikely bedfellows that have helped perpetuate the problem both have allegedly sought to resolve."

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vast majority of whom relied on UNRWA for immediate support. Horovits also noted that Israel acknowledges UNRWA's close monitoring by Hamas for any alleged pro-Israel bias.

9105: 6468: 6408: 4494: 7320: 6944: 6851: 2817: 9245: 8271: 8222: 6661: 3669:

Secretary-General's Bulletin, "Organization of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East", UN Doc. ST/SGB/2000/6, 17 Feb. 2000,

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possible, UNRWA students take national exams conducted by the host governments. Pupils at UNRWA schools often out-perform government school pupils in these state exams.

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in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, and in other areas where large numbers of registered Palestine refugees live outside of recognized camps.

9670: 9185: 9033: 2632:, UNRWA's former Commissioner-General (1996–2005) "consistently adopted a trenchant anti-Israel line" which resulted in biased and exaggerated reports against Israel. 8240: 7088:"GAO-04-276R Department of State (State) and United Nations relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) Actions to Implement Section 301(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961" 2612:

I agree that your letter and this reply constitute a provisional agreement between UNRWA and the Government of Israel, to remain in force until replaced or cancelled.

2201:, head of UNRWA Gaza, said: "As for our schools, we use textbooks of the Palestinian Authority. Are they perfect? No, they're not. I can't defend the indefensible." 6507: 5452:"UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AGENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES FACES DEMANDS 'FROM ALL SIDES' AGAINST BACKDROP OF ENDEMIC CRISES IN OCCUPIED TERRITORY, FOURTH COMMITTEE TOLD" 8757: 8693: 8646: 8410: 7576: 2740: 1040: 9095: 8911: 6442: 6684: 9394: 9080: 8205: 3268: 8028:

Fixing UNRWA: Repairing the UN's Troubled System of Aid to Palestinian Refugees (By James G. Lindsay, Washington Institute for Near East Policy: January 2009)

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published a report for WINEP in 2009 in which he criticized UNRWA practices. One of his conclusions was that UNRWA is not ousting terrorists from its ranks:

6979: 3940: 9327: 9277: 9075: 8678: 8621: 8291: 5437: 5359: 5183: 5155: 5061: 2467: 2115: 7638:"Commission will proceed to paying EUR 50 million to UNRWA and increase emergency support to Palestinians by EUR 68 million in 2024 - European Commission" 6378: 5224:"Lives of millions of Palestinians would be worse off without refugee agency, says Secretary-General at exhibit to welcome 'Friends of UNRWA' Association" 4516: 3811: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9100: 8994: 8616: 6236: 989: 609: 7789: 7554: 5223: 3789: 9384: 9065: 8943: 8522: 8468: 8385: 8301: 8286: 7237: 6885: 6735: 2457:

On the basis of his 2009 analyses for WINEP, referred to in previous sections, former UNRWA general-counsel James G. Lindsay and fellow researcher for

1680:

unique, specific needs, and our programme therefore takes a 'life-cycle approach' to providing its package of preventive and curative health services.

1035: 6761: 6347: 4362: 9520: 8663: 8380: 7486: 3357: 2837: 2735: 6555: 5268:"ISRAELI RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON PALESTINE RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY CRITICIZED BY SPEAKERS IN FOURTH COMMITTEE – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 4693:"Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita for countries receiving over $ 2 billion in 2012, latest World Bank figures published in 2014" 8938: 8718: 8210: 8176: 8097: 7001: 6637: 4143: 7259: 5319: 5293: 9494: 9138: 9133: 8989: 8487: 7864: 6163: 5739: 514: 335:(UNGA) to provide relief to all refugees resulting from the 1948 conflict; this initially included Jewish and Arab Palestine refugees inside the 5505: 5141: 4670: 4208: 8762: 8668: 8159: 8088: 7310:, pg. 2 "For an extended description of my correspondence with UNRWA on this subject, see the epilogue following the conclusion of this paper." 4031: 1304: 1025: 572: 477: 7373: 7149: 7119: 6209: 4426: 2583:, it requested that the UNRWA continue its operations there, which it would facilitate. Since then the relationship has been characterized by 9426: 9190: 8703: 8698: 8673: 8537: 8360: 8311: 8188: 8164: 6120:"Analysis and Evaluation of the New Palestinian Curriculum; Reviewing Palestinian Textbooks and Tolerance Education Program Grades 4 & 9" 5479: 5201: 2031: 1375: 1015: 8826: 6038: 5853: 9635: 9455: 9389: 8933: 8420: 3968: 3812:"LENI STENSETH APPOINTED DEPUTY COMMISSIONER-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST" 3523: 2249:, Hamas has in some cases threatened UN staff in Gaza; the former UNRWA chief in Gaza, John Ging, has survived two assassination attempts. 1553: 6071: 5933: 5198:"DONOR COUNTRIES PLEDGE $ 38.5 MILLION TO UNRWA'S REGULAR BUDGET, $ 22 MILLION TO EMERGENCY APPEAL – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 4636: 8747: 6072:"Textbooks, use by Palestinians. In Mattar, Phillip, ed. Encyclopedia of the Palestinians, Revised Edition. New York: Facts on File, Inc" 3905: 3759: 3010: 2973: 454: 5249: 3300: 2167:

In 2013 the results of a rigorous study, which also compared Israeli textbooks to PA textbooks, came out. The study was launched by the

2077:, wrote a short but comprehensive review article about textbooks used by Palestinians, focusing especially on changes starting in 1994. 1716:

Department (MD) aims to alleviate poverty and support economic development in the refugee community by providing capital investment and

9660: 9482: 9416: 9128: 9055: 9038: 8400: 8350: 8276: 8217: 8153: 8009: 7819: 6907:"News of Terrorism and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (May 18–25, 2010)". Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 26 May 2010. 6709: 4760: 3677:; D. Sarooshi, "The Legal Framework Governing United Nations Subsidiary Organs", British Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 67, 1997, 2901: 2307:

It has been reported that Hamas has interfered with curriculum and textbooks in UNRWA schools. For example, in 2009 it caused UNRWA to

6589: 6186: 6143: 5399: 4606: 4237: 2030:, published a report for in 2009 in which he criticized UNRWA practices. One of his conclusions was that UNRWA's failure to match the 35: 9665: 8774: 8482: 8261: 8200: 7184: 5271: 4917: 3841: 3463: 2458: 2273: 2195: 2027: 873: 7286: 6613: 6264: 5884: 5169: 4887: 4546: 4280: 3380: 3078: 2019:, are to be considered refugees until a just and durable solution can be found by political actors. UNRWA was specifically designed 9488: 9322: 8609: 8547: 8507: 8395: 8059: 6922: 5567: 5535: 2441:

stopped funding UNRWA, calling its fundamental business model and fiscal practices "simply unsustainable". Then-Secretary of State

459: 7395: 7065: 7035: 5649: 5345: 4832: 4700: 4001: 3229: 2255:, UNRWA's former Commissioner-General (1996–2005), caused controversy in Canada in October 2004 when he said in an interview with 1386:

UNRWA is the largest agency of the United Nations, employing over 30,000 staff, 99% of which are locally recruited Palestinians.

8296: 8149: 8079: 7700: 7425: 6412: 5128: 4337: 3326: 2706:

List of Directors and Commissioners-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

901: 584: 6948: 6855: 6533: 6464: 5423: 4490: 9650: 9620: 8928: 8851: 8708: 8683: 8128: 7760: 7324: 6102: 5676:"Dilemmas of Prolonged Humanitarian Aid Operations: The Case of UNRWA (UN Relief and Work Agency for the Palestinian Refugees)" 2821: 2561:

voted to cut finding to UNWRA, citing concerns of antisemitism and connections to terrorism; the legislation will need to pass

2379:, a former Commissioner-General of the UNRWA (2005–2009), argued that "UNRWA needs support not brickbats". She concluded that: 1277: 7349: 6794: 6658: 4178: 3117: 2949: 9655: 9535: 9438: 9404: 9307: 9287: 9218: 9006: 8977: 8955: 8846: 8779: 8567: 8512: 7989: 7898: 5911: 5713: 5584: 4993: 4576: 3705: 3088: 2445:

maintained that "most Palestinians under UNRWA's jurisdiction aren't refugees, and UNRWA is a hurdle to peace." However, the

1295: 535: 317: 8027: 9359: 8982: 8752: 8338: 8323: 8306: 5824: 5455: 4966: 2357:

homes!" A student is also shown on camera describing that "the summer camp teaches us that we have to liberate Palestine."

1688:

such as diet and physical activity, education, gender-based violence, child protection, poverty, and community development.

1634:

centres. In these centres, training, advice, and childcare are available to encourage female refugees' social development.

1447:

to dense urban dwellings similar to their urban surroundings, house around one-third of all registered Palestine refugees.

7754:"Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East" 4392: 3587: 3206: 1612:

interrupted by conflicts, prompting UNRWA to develop a special programme that provides education in emergency situations.

9450: 9445: 8869: 8737: 8599: 8502: 8425: 8365: 7615: 4857: 3155: 2715: 2353:

In 2013, UNRWA canceled its planned marathon in Gaza after Hamas rulers prohibited women from participating in the race.

1408: 497: 400: 6119: 4797: 3613: 3301:"Serious allegations against UNRWA staff in the Gaza Strip: Statement by Philippe Lazzarini, UNRWA Commissioner-General" 3067:

that Government assumed responsibility for the care of the remaining 19,000 refugees in that country as of 1 July 1952."

1362:

The descendants of Palestine refugee males, including adopted children, are also eligible for registration as refugees.

9630: 9571: 8816: 8604: 8594: 8266: 8229: 7464: 6039:"Socioeconomic Rights of Refugees: The Case of Palestinian Refugees in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria." Asem Khalil" 4821: 1538: 7999: 7208:"Taxpayers deserve basic truths: most Palestinians under UNRWA's jurisdiction aren't refugees, and UNRWA is a hurdle…" 7087: 6438: 5964: 4057: 2189:

Highly negative characterizations were discerned in 26% of Israeli state school books and 50% of the Palestinian ones.

9556: 9240: 8972: 8841: 8572: 8552: 8492: 8477: 7868: 7180: 6681: 6501: 5986:

Lindsay, James G. (January 2009). "Fixing UNRWA: Repairing the UN's Troubled System of Aid to Palestinian Refugees".

5675: 5424:"UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 62nd SESSION, 4th COMMITTEE – UNRWA. (Norway - the Official Site in the Palestinian Territory)" 3560: 3430: 2932: 2695: 2308: 2256: 2111: 1926: 1802: 976: 385: 296: 6829: 6013: 4941: 2057:

of Palestinian refugeehood to continue upholding discriminatory laws and policies towards Palestinian refugees. ...

1975:

report, UNRWA issued a statement that both internal and external assessments of its management have been "positive":

1784: 9467: 8636: 6316: 4307: 2710: 2700: 2343:

In September 2011 it was reported that, under pressure from Hamas, UNRWA has made all its summer camps single-sex.

6971: 4117: 2264:

whatever their political persuasion is, that they behave in accordance with UN standards and norms for neutrality.

9625: 9223: 8641: 8626: 8195: 8171: 7517:"Arutz Sheva forced to publish denial over "groundless", "politically motivated" attack on UNRWA by David Bedein" 6044:. American University in Cairo, Center for Migration and Refugees Studies Regional Research. 2010. Archived from 4722: 3673:; W. Dale, "UNRWA – A Subsidiary Organ of the UN", International & Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 23, 1974, 2562: 1815:

UNRWA takes a wide variety of actions to mitigate the effects of emergencies on the lives of Palestine refugees.

1299: 1067: 836: 776: 389: 332: 6317:"UNRWA Chief Challenged by EU Parliament on PA Textbooks, acknowledges antisemitism, glorification of terrorism" 2470:(UNESCO), or some other neutral entity, to provide balanced and discrimination-free textbooks for UNRWA schools. 8821: 8345: 8281: 8183: 2690: 1780: 1055: 981: 930: 8015: 5609: 3883: 3493: 2870: 2604:

subject only to regulations or arrangements which may be necessitated by considerations of military security.

1964:

In 2007, UNRWA initiated a reform program to improve efficiency. However, an internal ethics report leaked to

9515: 9433: 9354: 9312: 9272: 9200: 8881: 8806: 8791: 8120: 7546: 5099: 4087: 3781: 2685: 1930: 309: 7229: 6877: 5373: 2826:

To use a trite image, while UNHCR strives to give its refugees fishing rods, UNRWA is busy distributing fish

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praised the agency's ability to "deliver substantial results" despite "often life-threatening conditions".

1146: 1062: 1047: 555: 5771: 3349: 8497: 8316: 8012:

in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights.

7961: 6559: 6100:

Getting Beyond the Rhetoric about the Palestinian Curriculum Summary of Research on Palestinian Textbooks

6010:

European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, CARIM Research Reports 2009/08

2235:

In April 2013, Palestinian journalist Hazem Balousha summed up years of tension between UNRWA and Hamas:

896: 560: 8656: 6633: 5323: 5297: 1876: 9292: 9255: 9250: 8836: 8584: 8256: 8144: 2522:

An initiative to reform UNRWA was announced by the Center for Near East Policy Research in March 2014.

2438: 1856: 1270: 959: 911: 882: 7728:"Exchange of letters constituting a provisional agreement concerning assistance to Palestine Refugees" 6160: 2144:

that the Palestinian Authority did not in fact recognize Israel as the State of the Jewish people. ...

9025: 9011: 8899: 8542: 8447: 8430: 8101: 5497: 4662: 4201: 2412: 2148:

The Summary also states that the curriculum asserts a historical Arab presence in the region, while:

1840: 1694: 1291: 1020: 548: 504: 7966: 7002:"UNRWA Rejects Allegations of Incitement as Baseless: Statement by UNRWA Spokesperson Chris Gunness" 5561:"For more information on MOPAN and to access previous MOPAN reports, please visit the MOPAN website" 4023: 2820:" (PDF). International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence. Archived from 2175:

depictions of the "other" as enemy occurred in 75% of Israeli, and in 81% of Palestinian textbooks.

1667:

The health of Palestine refugees has long resembled that of many populations in the transition from

1533:

Historically, most of the agency's funds came from the United States ($ 7 billion in total) and the

9317: 9302: 8887: 7370: 5744: 5197: 5048: 3381:"Another top donor says it will resume funding the UN agency for Palestinians as Gaza hunger grows" 2403: 2299:

professional list won three UNRWA workers groups: the employees', teachers', and services' unions.

1966: 1765: 1630:

These families are considered "hardship cases" and constitute less than 6% of UNRWA beneficiaries.

1546: 964: 751: 5476: 5086: 9262: 8045: 6045: 5845: 5116: 3273: 2449:

restarted funding in April 2021, and as of 2023 has provided over $ 1 billion to the aid agency.

2446: 1769: 1638:

financial assistance, but many have formed links of their own with local and international NGOs.

1550:

deficit of $ 446 million. The shortfall was covered with increased contributions from elsewhere.

1436: 1340: 1229: 3960: 3552: 3546: 3515: 2183:

Neutral depictions of "the other" were found in 4% of Israeli, and 15% of Palestinian textbooks.

9349: 8811: 8532: 5610:

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (10 June 2019).

2558: 2107: 1776: 1374:

UNRWA is led by a Commissioner-General—since 8 March 2020 Philippe Lazzarini of Switzerland—an

1239: 1151: 1141: 1121: 492: 5033: 5021: 3912: 3751: 3002: 2966: 9576: 9548: 9540: 9337: 9235: 8948: 8390: 8111: 7933: 6491: 5253: 1864: 1404: 1263: 946: 746: 305: 9379: 7811: 6701: 6147: 4752: 2893: 9566: 9530: 9525: 9477: 9208: 8457: 7211: 6581: 6183: 5406: 5267: 2621: 2503: 2376: 1590:

percent), followed by health care (15 percent), and general support services (13 percent).

1253: 1209: 1161: 1030: 969: 921: 543: 487: 313: 9298:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

7176: 4909: 3848: 3455: 8: 9267: 7283: 6610: 6260: 5880: 5831: 4879: 4272: 2725: 2591: 2543: 2430:. "We remain in intensive consultations with UN leadership about the UN's response." ... 2389: 2371: 2114:

to commission a reputable NGO to conduct a review of the new Palestinian curriculum. The

1994: 1534: 1214: 1204: 1190: 1171: 829: 449: 8083: 7951: 7937: 7057: 6379:"Israel has yet to provide evidence of Unrwa staff terrorist links, Colonna report says" 4830:

Within the pages on education programmes, UNRWA tells about special knowledge and skills

3456:"Evolution of UNRWA's mandate to Palestine refugees - Statement of Commissioner-General" 1938:

the really heroic efforts that they make oftentimes while making the greatest sacrifice.

9399: 8020: 7920: 7403: 6195: 5641: 4829: 3993: 3652: 2720: 2617: 2584: 2291: 2215: 2049: 2007: 1600: 1558: 1396: 1244: 1234: 1126: 1087: 889: 589: 519: 468: 325: 242: 179: 101: 7396:"Israel asked Canada to reverse decision on funding for UN Palestinian refugee agency" 4963:

UNRWA - united nations relied and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east

4329: 3322: 251: 9409: 9364: 9344: 9229: 8999: 8893: 8831: 8631: 8092: 7692: 7663: 7207: 6529: 6497: 6247: 5477:

United Nations – 62nd Session of the General Assembly. Statement by Mr Gershon Kedar.

5431: 5353: 5177: 5149: 4457: 3656: 3556: 3237: 3084: 3049: 2928: 2629: 2437:

In 2018, citing a "failure to mobilize adequate and appropriate burden sharing," the

2252: 1527: 1347: 865: 706: 154: 7853: 7753: 6099: 5821: 8965: 8905: 8875: 8557: 8251: 7346: 6786: 4174: 3702: 3644: 3323:"UNRWA claims: UK halts aid to UN agency over allegation staff helped Hamas attack" 3041: 2946: 2730: 2663: 2574: 2497: 1668: 1523: 1181: 1166: 1156: 1075: 567: 273: 167: 7429: 5907: 5705: 5588: 3269:"U.S. Halts Funding for U.N. Agency Amid Claims Staff Took Part in Oct. 7 Attacks" 8328: 8031: 8003: 7993: 7970: 7377: 7353: 7290: 7266: 6688: 6665: 6617: 6243: 6216: 6190: 6167: 6106: 5828: 5802: 5778: 5483: 4945: 4836: 4825: 3709: 2953: 2769:

wikālat al-Umam al-Muttaḥida li-iġāṯa wa-tašġīl lājiʾī Filasṭīn fī š-Šarq al-Adnā

2649: 2590:

Immediately following the Six-Day War, on 14 June UNRWA Commissioner-General Dr.

2128: 2003: 1717: 1672: 1605: 1199: 1131: 1080: 726: 412: 345: 139: 9590: 7577:"UNRWA response to "For the sake of the Nakba" film shown on Israel's Channel 1" 5451: 4958: 3070: 9615: 8068: 6287:"How UNRWA Became the Second-most Influential Organization in Gaza After Hamas" 6220: 6126: 5817: 5782: 4400: 4144:"UNRWA Is a 'Horror Show' With Jew-Hatred at Its Core, House Committee Is Told" 3579: 2474: 1888: 1860: 1562: 1537:; in 2019, close to 60 percent of its total pledge of $ 1.00 billion came from 1400: 1103: 822: 661: 614: 369: 201: 7607: 5062:"Revisited - The challenge of rebuilding Lebanon's Nahr al-Bared refugee camp" 4849: 4819:

From UNRWAs page and sub-pages about its educational programmes and sub-pages

3609: 3230:"UN agency investigates staff suspected of role in 7 October attack on Israel" 3202: 3147: 2319:

resistance. In this case UNRWA refused to be swayed. Spokesman Chris Gunness:

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United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

28:

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

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US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing

7894: 6824: 5612:"UNRWA Is "Competent, Resilient and Resolute" Says Independent Expert Report" 4789: 4461: 3726:"In face of U.S. opposition, U.N. renews agency helping Palestinian refugees" 3412:"UK accused by Amnesty of 'deliberately destabilising' human rights globally" 3241: 3053: 2677: 2595: 2481: 1989:

Some critics of UNRWA have argued that it serves to perpetuate the conflict.

781: 771: 666: 7452: 7260:"Ex-UNRWA official blasts agency for politicizing Palestinian refugee issue" 7230:"U.S. restores assistance for Palestinians, to provide $ 235 million in aid" 6006:"Palestinian Refugees in Arab States: A Rights-Based Approach." Asem Khalil" 4818: 4363:"Statement of UNRWA Commissioner-General to the Virtual Advisory Commission" 4303: 681: 9595: 9472: 9332: 8333: 7487:"Response to the new David Bedein film by UNRWA spokesperson Chris Gunness" 7094: 5960: 5671: 2531: 2272:

James G. Lindsay, a former UNRWA general counsel and fellow researcher for

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The US State Department has similarly raised concerns about the content of

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James G. Lindsay, a former UNRWA general counsel and fellow researcher for

1957: 1713: 906: 857: 696: 676: 656: 646: 619: 372:; aid for Palestinian refugees outside these five areas is provided by the 144: 7875: 5683: 4053: 9561: 9375:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

7664:"Switzerland moves to cut UNRWA funding amid terror, antisemitism claims" 6819: 6005: 4938: 3648: 3045: 2580: 2442: 2408: 2364: 1892: 1884: 1599:

training institutes. It has been the main provider of basic education to

1444: 1355: 1320: 1176: 686: 671: 651: 149: 134: 4450:"U.S. ends aid to United Nations agency supporting Palestinian refugees" 2643: 2397: 1883:, the president of the UN General Assembly, former UN Secretary-General 9462: 8527: 4238:"Palestinian kids taught to hate Israel in UN-funded camps, clip shows" 4109: 2488:

In response to the criticism of his report from UNRWA, Lindsay writes:

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in northern Lebanon in 2007, resulting from months of fighting between

1578: 1098: 701: 482: 361: 97: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7608:"EU to condition UNRWA funds on removing incitement from PA textbooks" 6556:"IN BRIEF: UNRWA Chief Hansen Pushed Out | ICEJ Northern Ireland" 6346:

Magramo, Kathleen; Edwards, Christian; Sangal, Aditi (22 April 2024).

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Frequently asked questions – Who Owns The Land The Camps Are Built On?

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139 primary health facilities based in or near UNRWA settlements/camps

6732:"Landslide victory for Hamas bloc in the UNRWA staff union elections" 5377: 4723:"World Development Indicators: Aid dependency Table of all countries" 2507: 2198: 2153: 2139:

However, the IPCRI noted a number of deficiencies in the curriculum.

2123: 1848: 1455: 1093: 736: 691: 624: 365: 129: 1754: 404:

Total number of Palestinian refugees registered by UNRWA (1950–2008)

8452: 8440: 7715: 6237:'Israeli and Palestinian textbooks fail balance test, study finds,' 5805: 5426:. 21 November 2007. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. 5144:. 25 February 2007. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007. 4517:"Netherlands, Switzerland suspend UNRWA funding over ethics report" 3874: 3485: 2862: 2818:

Palestinian Refugees and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Negotiations

2119: 741: 80:

Provide direct relief and works programmes for Palestinian refugees

5642:"MOPAN | Multilateral Organization Performance Assessment Network" 4079: 3431:"After U.N. Report, Germany Says It Will Resume Funding for UNRWA" 9370:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

8037: 7957: 7947: 7929: 7215: 6348:"UNRWA neutrality must be strengthened, independent review finds" 5961:

Seventy Years to UNRWA—Time for Structural and Functional Reforms

4491:"UN agency eyes $ 1.2 bn budget for Palestinians despite US cuts" 1916: 1834: 1336: 1136: 731: 353: 6210:'Israeli, Palestinian Textbooks Reflect Narratives of Conflict,' 5646:

MOPAN | Multilateral Organization Performance Assessment Network

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Canadian redirection of funds from UNRWA to specific PA projects

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Regarding the Palestinian Authority's new textbooks, he states:

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However, as the camps have gradually transformed from temporary

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Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad

6170:, Council of the Religious Institutions of the Holy Land, 2009. 5172:. 10 August 2007. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. 4607:"Qatar donates further $ 20.7 million to Palestinians in Syria" 3080:

No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation

2023:

to prescribe how the outcome of an agreement would take shape.

1912: 1904: 1900: 1312: 349: 336: 116: 7899:"Exploding the myths: UNRWA, UNHCR and the Palestine refugees" 5034:

Frequently asked questions – Does UNRWA Run The Refugee Camps?

2761:وكالة الأمم المتحدة لإغاثة وتشغيل لاجئي فلسطين في الشرق الأدنى 2579:

After Israel captured the West Bank and Gaza in the June 1967

7849: 7150:"Senators want UNRWA investigated over 'troubling' Gaza role" 7120:"Senators want UNRWA investigated over 'troubling' Gaza role" 6758:"Overwhelming Victory for Islamists in UNRWA Union Elections" 3635:

Batholomeusz, Lance (2010). "The Mandate of UNRWA at Sixty".

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Bartolomeusz, Lance (2009). "The mandate of UNRWA at sixty".

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Funding for UNRWA was reinstated by the EU on March 1, 2024.

1999: 1908: 1380: 1219: 1010: 1005: 916: 425: 381: 373: 357: 321: 91: 5872: 1522:

activities and special projects, such as in response to the

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Human rights organizations based in the State of Palestine

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Hamas wins teachers union elections for UN schools in Gaza

5740:"Ethics report accuses UNRWA leadership of abuse of power" 4547:"Netherlands resumes funding UNRWA despite alleged abuses" 3182: 3118:"UN General Assembly Renews UNRWA Mandate - Press Release" 7347:

UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA

6465:"Canada looking at UN agency over Palestinian connection" 5958: 5348:. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. 5294:"The Netherlands Support UNRWA Community Centre in Syria" 3170: 2152:

The Jewish connection to the region, in general, and the

1608:, and a slight majority of enrolled students are female. 279: 7428:. The National Press Club. 11 March 2014. Archived from 5988:

Policy Focus (Washington Institute for Near East Policy)

4132: 2967:"Consolidated Eligibility and Registration Instructions" 2741:

United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict

2073:

In 2005 Nathan Brown, Professor of Political Science at

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status. However, there is now a demographic transition.

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to its target population. UNRWA operates in five areas:

7981: 7812:"UNRWA demands Israel apologize over Qassam accusation" 1992:

Although UNRWA's mandate is only for relief works, the

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Saudi Arabia donates US$ 10 million for Nahr el-Bared

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and Political Advisor to the Israeli Foreign Minister

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Investigations and calls for accountability and reform

2118:(IPCRI) was thereby commissioned by the US Embassy in 5346:"Could I begin by expressing our appreciation for Mr" 3350:"UPDATED: List of Countries Suspending UNRWA Funding" 2824:(PDF) on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2015. 2398:

Repeated calls for investigation by the United States

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And the problem was more pronounced in PA textbooks.

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UNRWA has received praise from Nobel Peace laureates

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United Nations agency supporting Palestinian refugees

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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

7914: 7693:"Jerusalem's Surprisingly Good Relations with UNRWA" 6345: 5100:"What We Do - Infrastructure & Camp Improvement" 4988: 4986: 4984: 4939:

From UNRWAs page and sub-pages about health services

4637:"Communiqué Ministerial Strategic Dialogue on UNRWA" 3551:(3rd ed.). Syracuse University Press. pp. 2797: 2789: 2767: 2639: 2468:

UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

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Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information

285: 235: 9646:

Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the United Nations

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Israel Feuds With Agency Set Up to Aid Palestinians

6432: 6430: 5963:(Report). Institute for National Security Studies. 4577:"EU and Germany pledge additional funding to UNRWA" 2169:

Council for Religious Institutions in the Holy Land

1419:will alternate between a host and a donor country. 1335:

UNRWA has developed its own working definition of "

276: 9385:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 7869:"The Question of Palestine and the United Nations" 7024: 6972:"UN cancels Gaza marathon over Hamas ban on women" 5959:Michael, Kobi; Hatuel-Radoshitzky, Michal (2020). 5049:What We Do - Infrastructure & Camp Improvement 3873: 388:that twelve of its employees were involved in the 384:, and textbook content. Most recently, the agency 9671:United Nations General Assembly subsidiary organs 9521:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 6814: 6812: 6781: 6779: 4981: 3267:Salama, Vivian; Luhnow, David (26 January 2024). 2838:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 2461:made the following suggestions for improvement: 9607: 6427: 5843: 5436:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5358:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5182:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5154:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4141: 3201:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 2628:. Israeli media organizations have claimed that 1707: 809:Estimates of the number of Palestinians who fled 9495:World Federation of United Nations Associations 8990:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 7686: 7684: 7426:"Press Briefing on the UNRWA Reform Initiative" 7321:"Canada redirecting Palestinian aid from UNRWA" 6184:"Textbooks show both sides to blame for enmity" 6095: 6093: 4448:DeYoung, Karen; Eglash, Ruth (31 August 2018). 2311:to introduce Holocaust studies in its schools. 7177:"Press Statement: On U.S. Assistance to UNRWA" 7050: 6878:"Hamas bashes UNRWA's human rights curriculum" 6809: 6776: 6411:. al-monitor.com. 9 April 2013. Archived from 5934:"Fatal Approach | National Review Online" 5577: 3718: 3077:Howard Adelman, Elazar Barkan (28 June 2011). 1951: 1835:Infrastructure and camp/settlement improvement 1407:have had observer status since 2005, with the 1343:. Its definition does not cover final status. 1026:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 8053: 7854:"The United Nations and Palestinian Refugees" 5520: 4828:; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25. 4447: 4231: 4229: 3140: 2736:Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2620:and politicians for alleged involvement with 2537: 1271: 830: 374:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 9676:United Nations operations in the Middle East 9390:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 7681: 6787:"Hamas rejects UN textbooks in Gaza schools" 6574: 6090: 5670: 3941:"Members of the Advisory Commission – UNRWA" 3935: 3933: 3634: 3544: 3266: 3031: 2334: 1660:3,134,732 refugees accessing health services 1459:2022 UNRWA funding by country in US dollars 7284:"'UNRWA staff not tested for terror ties' " 6231: 6229: 5905: 5044: 5042: 4948:; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25 4839:; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25 3378: 2534:, fabricates the information he publishes. 2048:Asem Khalil, Associate Professor of Law at 1783:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1435:UNRWA provides facilities in 59 recognized 1365: 386:faced allegations by the Israeli government 316:. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians 9483:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 9395:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 8060: 8046: 7950: 7936: 7919: 7844: 7393: 6919:"Gaza Summer Camps Children Islamic Jihad" 6489: 4226: 3429:Schuetze, Christopher F. (24 April 2024). 3188: 3176: 2517: 2230: 1942: 1409:Organisation for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) 1278: 1264: 837: 823: 241: 7205: 6202: 5808:Archiver. 12 February 2007. 3 March 2009. 5526: 4072: 3930: 3083:. Columbia University Press. p. 12. 2459:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2274:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2196:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2028:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1855:Following the destruction of much of the 1803:Learn how and when to remove this message 1734:US$ 531.41 million value of loans awarded 395: 8912:Conference on International Organization 6682:LETTER TO THE EDITOR: UN AGENCY RESPONDS 6611:'UNRWA staff not tested for terror ties' 6436: 6339: 6226: 6178: 6176: 6033: 6031: 5737: 5039: 4357: 4355: 3574: 3572: 3428: 3372: 2568: 1870: 1727:Key figures, cumulative as of 2023 are: 1552: 1454: 1330: 460:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine 399: 250: 8827:Office international d'hygiène publique 8000:United States GAO report on UNRWA (PDF) 7893: 7690: 7034:. middleeastmonitor.com. Archived from 6945:"Palestine Hamas Summer Camps Ideology" 6852:"Gaza Education Law Gender Segregation" 6820:"Hamas in Gaza: A proper state already" 5985: 5527:Arsenault, Mariane (14 December 2011). 5260: 4441: 4425:. AFP. 17 November 2009. Archived from 4193: 3409: 2940: 2608:In his responding letter, Comay wrote: 2068: 1933:rejected calls to defund UNRWA, saying: 1744: 1697:'s benchmark for the developing world. 585:Hebraization of Palestinian place names 9608: 8622:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 7730:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 7661: 7642:neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu 7323:. JTA. 14 January 2010. Archived from 7174: 7112: 6832:from the original on 25 September 2011 6793:. 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Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. 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Reuters. 13 December 2019. 3703:THE MANDATE OF UNRWA AT SIXTY 2847: 2122:and the US Consul General in 1998:Europe edition, published an 1708:UNRWA Microfinance Department 1584: 1460: 1323:and South Africa abstaining. 308:that supports the relief and 9656:Organisations based in Amman 9283:International Criminal Court 8719:UN organizations by location 7977:UNRWA USA National Committee 5881:"Frequently asked questions" 5786:. 27 May 2008. 3 March 2009. 4175:"Frequently Asked Questions" 3782:"UNRWA Commissioner-General" 3752:"Frequently asked questions" 3003:"Frequently asked questions" 2701:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2162:textbooks used in PA schools 2075:George Washington University 1147:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 556:Palestinian return to Israel 7: 9417:Security Council veto power 8724:Sexual Violence in Conflict 8647:Economic and Social Affairs 8218:Economic and Social Council 6544:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 5170:"UNRWA: news: open letters" 5142:"UNRWA: news: open letters" 4959:"What we do - Microfinance" 2798: 2790: 2768: 2635: 1952:Criticism and controversies 1557:UNRWA Commissioner-General 187:Deputy commissioner-general 10: 9692: 9468:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 9293:International Day of Peace 8775:General Assembly Observers 8098:General Assembly President 8034: (archived 2009-02-12) 8006: (archived 2004-07-24) 7996: (archived 2004-06-22) 7973: (archived 2006-05-29) 7874:. DPI/2499. Archived from 6409:"Hamas Gaza Tension UNRWA" 5846:"UNRWA Needs Major Reform" 5822:"UNRWA: Barrier to Peace." 5486:New York, 7 November 2007. 5374:"FOURTH COMMITTEE – UNRWA" 4880:"Education in emergencies" 2572: 2538:EU conditions funding 2021 1984: 1857:Nahr al-Bared refugee camp 1650:Key figures for 2014 are: 1489: 1463: 1450: 1298:of Palestinian Arabs, the 960:All-Palestine Protectorate 9585: 9508: 9199: 9121: 9024: 9012:World Heritage Convention 8921: 8900:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 8862: 8799: 8790: 8736: 8610:General Assembly Building 8583: 8466: 8238: 8137: 8119: 8110: 8075: 7606:TPS (29 September 2021). 7547:"Allegations about UNRWA" 7289:18 September 2011 at the 6616:18 September 2011 at the 6321:us13.campaign-archive.com 6070:Brown, Nathan J. (2005). 5777:16 September 2011 at the 2686:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 2526:challenges facing UNRWA. 2413:General Accounting Office 2335:Operation of summer camps 1891:, the United States, the 1841:58 official refugee camps 1695:World Health Organization 1339:" to allow it to provide 1068:Legislative Council (PLC) 536:1948 expulsion and flight 318:who fled or were expelled 230: 220: 207: 195: 185: 173: 163: 122: 110: 84: 76: 68: 50: 42: 33: 26: 9318:Military Staff Committee 8657:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 8160:Deputy Secretary-General 8089:Deputy Secretary-General 7691:Spiegel, Baruch (2012). 7376:25 December 2010 at the 7058:"The trouble with UNRWA" 6242:27 February 2013 at the 5827:17 February 2009 at the 5796:"Perpetuating refugees." 4944:1 September 2014 at the 4824:2 September 2014 at the 4639:. UNRWA. 12 April 2019. 3637:Refugee Survey Quarterly 3548:The Arab–Israeli Dilemma 3437:– via NYTimes.com. 3303:. UNRWA. 26 January 2024 3034:Refugee Survey Quarterly 2836:The other agency is the 2746: 2404:United States government 2017:all of their descendants 1877:Mairéad Corrigan Maguire 1468: Over $ 100,000,000 1366:Organisation and mandate 982:National Authority (PNA) 752:March of Return (Israel) 72:United Nations programme 9489:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 9451:UN International School 9446:UN Federal Credit Union 9427:Security Council reform 9263:Four Nations Initiative 9191:Security Council (2016) 9034:Security Council vetoes 8165:Under-Secretary-General 7982:UNRWA Spanish Committee 7925:(in English and Arabic) 7265:4 December 2010 at the 6166:4 February 2013 at the 5801:19 October 2012 at the 5482:18 January 2012 at the 4437:– via Relief Web. 3708:31 October 2020 at the 3274:The Wall Street Journal 2927:, Polity, p. 243, 2542:On September 2021, the 2518:UNRWA Reform Initiative 2231:Relationship with Hamas 1943:Independent evaluations 1506: Under $ 1,000,000 1486: Over $ 10,000,000 1480: Over $ 25,000,000 1474: Over $ 50,000,000 1341:humanitarian assistance 420:Part of a series on the 9626:Anti-Israeli sentiment 9439:Security Council mural 9405:Millennium Declaration 9350:SDG Publishers Compact 8812:Universal Postal Union 7181:US Department of State 6664:19 August 2014 at the 3189:UNRWA & UNHCR 2007 3177:UNRWA & UNHCR 2007 3040:(2 & 3): 452–474. 2952:8 January 2021 at the 2614: 2606: 2559:Swiss National Council 2495: 2472: 2435: 2385: 2329: 2283: 2266: 2241: 2211: 2158: 2146: 2108:United States Congress 2100: 2084: 2066: 1982: 1940: 1839:As of 2023, there are 1690: 1566: 1518: 1500: Over $ 1,000,000 1494: Over $ 5,000,000 1352: 1319:states, with only the 1305:adopted Resolution 194 1210:Costume and embroidery 1152:Church of the Nativity 1142:Cave of the Patriarchs 1063:National Council (PNC) 1048:Gaza Strip governance 478:Civil war in Palestine 405: 396:History and operations 256: 140:relief/social services 56:; 74 years ago 9631:Arab–Israeli conflict 9577:Women in peacekeeping 9236:Drug control treaties 7697:Middle East Quarterly 6976:www.timesofisrael.com 6828:. 24 September 2011. 6105:15 April 2012 at the 5498:"What Are We Doing??" 4669:. 26 September 2019. 4273:"Government Partners" 4242:www.timesofisrael.com 3994:"Advisory Commission" 3701:Lance Bartholomeusz, 3545:Khouri, Fred (1985). 3462:. 21 September 2003. 3122:Question of Palestine 3116:Heaney, Christopher. 2892:UNRWA (August 2020). 2610: 2601: 2569:Relations with Israel 2502:In January 2010, the 2490: 2463: 2421: 2381: 2321: 2278: 2261: 2237: 2206: 2150: 2141: 2095: 2079: 2054: 1977: 1935: 1871:Assessment and praise 1865:Lebanese Armed Forces 1677: 1556: 1458: 1405:League of Arab States 1345: 1331:Definition of refugee 1303:the General Assembly 1292:1948 Arab–Israeli War 947:Arab Higher Committee 747:Great March of Return 403: 254: 9531:United Nations Radio 9526:United Nations Medal 9478:University for Peace 9209:Bretton Woods system 8944:governed territories 8689:Developing Countries 8600:Secretariat Building 8469:Specialized agencies 7901:. Ma'an News Agency. 7352:8 March 2012 at the 6884:. 11 February 2014. 6691:, UNRWA 9 April 2009 6687:15 July 2015 at the 6189:4 March 2013 at the 6051:on 23 September 2015 5850:The Washington Times 5585:"MOPAN Publications" 4835:19 July 2014 at the 4753:"How We Spend Funds" 4613:. 16 December 2019. 4583:. 14 December 2019. 4553:. 11 December 2019. 4080:"Who We Are - UNRWA" 4054:"Palestine Refugees" 3875:"Please Login UNRWA" 2923:Dowty, Alan (2012), 2894:"HOW WE SPEND FUNDS" 2622:Palestinian militant 2504:Government of Canada 2447:Biden administration 2439:Trump administration 2377:Karen Koning AbuZayd 2069:Textbook controversy 1925:On 17 January 2024, 1777:improve this section 1745:Emergency operations 1254:List of Palestinians 1162:Great Mosque of Gaza 953:Depopulated villages 544:Palestinian refugees 488:Deir Yassin massacre 435:Precipitating events 314:Palestinian refugees 175:Commissioner-general 54:8 December 1949 9303:International Years 9268:Genocide Convention 8704:Outer Space Affairs 8699:Disarmament Affairs 8664:Safety and Security 8605:Conference Building 8585:Secretariat offices 8230:Trusteeship Council 7881:on 27 November 2021 7062:The Times of Israel 7038:on 11 December 2014 6882:The Times of Israel 6588:. 20 January 2005. 6562:on 7 September 2014 6532:. 20 January 2005. 6132:on 16 October 2005. 5832:Bar-Ilan University 5412:on 11 January 2012. 5380:on 20 February 2008 4393:"'Sounds worrying'" 4304:"Financial updates" 3325:. 26 January 2024. 2726:Palestinian refugee 2592:Laurence Michelmore 2565:to go into effect. 2544:European Parliament 2372:Middle East Monitor 1995:Wall Street Journal 1927:US State Department 1594:Education programme 1535:European Commission 1390:Advisory Commission 852:Part of a series on 455:1947 partition plan 450:Mandatory Palestine 333:UN General Assembly 197:Parent organization 23: 9323:Official languages 8870:London Declaration 8679:Internal Oversight 8669:Palestinian Rights 8241:Funds, programmes, 8024:, 18 October 2004) 8021:The New York Times 7432:on 30 October 2014 7384:, 18 October 2010. 7327:on 17 January 2010 7258:Natasha Mozgovaya 7152:. 13 August 2014. 7126:. 13 August 2014. 7124:The Jerusalem Post 6738:on 30 October 2014 6215:2 May 2014 at the 6199:, 4 February 2013. 6196:The Jerusalem Post 5908:"Defund the UNRWA" 5770:Lefkovitz, Etgar. 5117:Nahr el-Bared Camp 5003:(Report). UN. 2024 4330:"Private Partners" 4056:. United Nations. 3842:"UNRWA in Figures" 3649:10.1093/rsq/hdp033 3612:. United Nations. 3486:"Who We Are UNRWA" 3435:The New York Times 3148:"Working at UNRWA" 3046:10.1093/rsq/hdp033 2900:. United Nations. 2869:. United Nations. 2721:Palestinian people 2618:Israeli government 2428:The Jerusalem Post 2309:suspend a decision 2303:Hamas interference 2292:The Jerusalem Post 2216:Phillipe Lazzarini 2050:Birzeit University 2008:Alexander H. Joffe 1863:militants and the 1823:al-Islam in 2007. 1740:48% women outreach 1737:25% youth outreach 1657:3,107 health staff 1567: 1561:with US Secretary 1559:Philippe Lazzarini 1519: 1512: No donations 1427:Areas of operation 1348:Palestine refugees 720:Symbols and memory 520:Transfer Committee 469:1948 Palestine war 406: 326:1948 Palestine War 257: 180:Philippe Lazzarini 155:emergency response 21: 9603: 9602: 9434:UN Art Collection 9410:Millennium Summit 9365:UN Block By Block 9345:Ralph Bunche Park 9313:UN laissez-passer 9273:UN Global Compact 9230:Delivering as One 9129:Secretary-General 9020: 9019: 9000:Indigenous Caucus 8894:Tehran Conference 8888:Moscow Conference 8863:Preparatory years 8832:League of Nations 8732: 8731: 8632:Palace of Nations 8334:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 8150:Secretary-General 8093:Amina J. Mohammed 8080:Secretary-General 7457:Middle East Forum 7297:, 31 January 2009 7273:, 8 February 2009 6951:on 19 August 2014 6925:on 19 August 2014 6764:on 19 August 2014 6415:on 19 August 2014 6250:, 4 February 2013 6248:Los Angeles Times 6150:on 15 March 2010. 5706:"Reforming UNRWA" 5686:on 14 August 2014 5591:on 26 August 2014 5326:on 14 August 2014 5300:on 14 August 2014 5256:on 27 March 2012. 5068:. 8 February 2019 4733:on 10 August 2014 4703:on 19 August 2014 4521:www.aljazeera.com 4429:on 13 August 2014 3854:on 11 August 2009 3090:978-0-231-15336-2 2796: 2788: 2766: 2563:Council of States 1813: 1812: 1805: 1577:According to the 1547:Israeli offensive 1528:COVID-19 pandemic 1517: 1516: 1288: 1287: 990:political parties 970:Fedayeen militias 847: 846: 707:Constantin Zureiq 573:UN Resolution 194 310:human development 270: 249: 248: 9683: 9596:World portal 9594: 9593: 9500:Biopiracy treaty 9086:Nagorno-Karabakh 9056:Security Council 9039:General Assembly 8966:Human Rights Day 8906:Yalta Conference 8876:Atlantic Charter 8797: 8796: 8753:Founding members 8674:Peace Operations 8558:World Bank Group 8252:Culture of Peace 8243:and other bodies 8196:Security Council 8172:General Assembly 8138:Principal organs 8117: 8116: 8084:António Guterres 8062: 8055: 8048: 8039: 8038: 7986: 7954: 7940: 7926: 7923: 7918: 7917: 7915:Official website 7902: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7880: 7873: 7860: 7858: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7765: 7758: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7724: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7688: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7406:on 23 March 2012 7402:. Archived from 7400:Embassy Magazine 7391: 7385: 7367: 7361: 7358:Embassy Magazine 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7298: 7280: 7274: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7236:. 7 April 2021. 7226: 7220: 7219: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7099: 7092: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6816: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6783: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6708:. 1 April 2009. 6698: 6692: 6679: 6673: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6624: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6441:. The Guardian. 6434: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6235:Edmund Sanders, 6233: 6224: 6206: 6200: 6180: 6171: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6146:. Archived from 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6125:. Archived from 6124: 6116: 6110: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6050: 6043: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5841: 5835: 5815: 5809: 5793: 5787: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5682:. Archived from 5668: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5573:on 24 July 2013. 5572: 5566:. Archived from 5565: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5540: 5534:. Archived from 5533: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5493: 5487: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5435: 5427: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5405:. Archived from 5404: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5376:. Archived from 5370: 5364: 5363: 5357: 5349: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5296:. Archived from 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5252:. Archived from 5246: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5181: 5173: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5145: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4998: 4990: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4955: 4949: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4846: 4840: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4786: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4403:on 27 March 2013 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4269: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4233: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4213: 4206: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4139: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4110:"Donor Resource" 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3990: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3911:. Archived from 3910: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3877: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3722: 3716: 3699: 3682: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3643:(2–3): 452–474. 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3580:"Resolution 302" 3576: 3567: 3566: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2978: 2971: 2963: 2957: 2947:UNRWA in Figures 2944: 2938: 2937: 2925:Israel/Palestine 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2858: 2841: 2834: 2828: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2794: 2793: 2787:romanized: 2786: 2784: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2765:romanized: 2764: 2762: 2757: 2731:Taylor Force Act 2680: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2664:Palestine portal 2661: 2660: 2659: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2624:groups, such as 2575:UNRWA and Israel 2453:James G. Lindsay 1808: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1757: 1749: 1669:developing world 1524:Syrian civil war 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1432:UNRWA services. 1280: 1273: 1266: 1225: 1157:Dome of the Rock 1051: 893: 892: 868: 849: 848: 839: 832: 825: 568:Present absentee 505:Arab–Israeli War 415: 408: 407: 300: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 284: 281: 278: 268: 245: 240: 237: 212: 168:Humanitarian aid 64: 62: 57: 38: 24: 20: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9588: 9581: 9504: 9195: 9117: 9016: 8917: 8858: 8800:Preceding years 8786: 8739: 8728: 8587:and departments 8586: 8579: 8471: 8462: 8245: 8242: 8234: 8133: 8106: 8071: 8066: 8032:Wayback Machine 8004:Wayback Machine 7994:Wayback Machine 7984: 7971:Wayback Machine 7958:UNRWA's channel 7924: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7856: 7841: 7836: 7835: 7825: 7823: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7726: 7725: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7689: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7604: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7498: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7449: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7392: 7388: 7378:Wayback Machine 7369:Collum Lynch, " 7368: 7364: 7354:Wayback Machine 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7305: 7301: 7291:Wayback Machine 7282:Tovah Lazaroff 7281: 7277: 7267:Wayback Machine 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7133: 7131: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7100:on 24 July 2004 7097: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6968: 6964: 6954: 6952: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6858:on 24 July 2014 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6818: 6817: 6810: 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5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5877: 5873: 5859: 5857: 5842: 5838: 5829:Wayback Machine 5818:Spyer, Jonathan 5816: 5812: 5803:Wayback Machine 5794: 5790: 5779:Wayback Machine 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5736: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5541:on 24 July 2013 5538: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5494: 5490: 5484:Wayback Machine 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5409: 5402: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5147: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5040: 5032: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4946:Wayback Machine 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4850:"gender equity" 4848: 4847: 4843: 4837:Wayback Machine 4826:Wayback Machine 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4788: 4787: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4734: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4454:Washington Post 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4397:Al-Ahram Weekly 4391: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4369:. 1 July 2020. 4361: 4360: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4271: 4270: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4236:Berman, Lazar. 4234: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4140: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3710:Wayback Machine 3700: 3685: 3668: 3664: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3454: 3453: 3442: 3427: 3423: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3091: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2954:Wayback Machine 2945: 2941: 2935: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2835: 2831: 2810: 2806: 2780: 2776: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2650:Politics portal 2648: 2641: 2638: 2577: 2571: 2555: 2540: 2520: 2500: 2455: 2400: 2390:Times of Israel 2387:Writing in the 2375:in April 2012, 2367: 2337: 2305: 2233: 2194:researcher for 2071: 2046: 2041: 2004:Asaf Romirowsky 1987: 1954: 1945: 1873: 1837: 1809: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1774: 1758: 1747: 1718:working capital 1710: 1673:developed world 1644: 1625: 1606:gender equality 1596: 1587: 1513: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1453: 1429: 1392: 1368: 1333: 1284: 1223: 1090: 1072: 1049: 995: 949: 888: 887: 843: 814: 813: 799: 798: 789: 788: 767: 766: 757: 756: 727:Palestinian key 722: 721: 712: 711: 642: 641: 640:Notable writers 632: 631: 605: 604: 595: 594: 561:Right of return 539: 538: 527: 526: 493:Battle of Haifa 464: 437: 436: 398: 346:social services 337:State of Israel 298: 275: 271: 234: 223: 216:US$ 806 million 213: 210: 198: 188: 176: 159: 113: 106: 60: 58: 55: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9689: 9679: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9601: 9600: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9580: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9546: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9512: 9510: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9448: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9419: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9205: 9203: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9136: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9106:Western Sahara 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9046: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9014: 9009: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8975: 8970: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8953: 8952: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8925: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8803: 8801: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8780:European Union 8772: 8771: 8770: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8744: 8742: 8734: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8660: 8659: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8617:Envoy on Youth 8614: 8613: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8591: 8589: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8474: 8472: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8444: 8443: 8438: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8321: 8320: 8319: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8193: 8192: 8191: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8169: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8141: 8139: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8104: 8102:Dennis Francis 8095: 8086: 8076: 8073: 8072: 8069:United Nations 8065: 8064: 8057: 8050: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8025: 8013: 8007: 7997: 7987: 7979: 7974: 7967:UNRWA in Syria 7964: 7955: 7941: 7927: 7908: 7907:External links 7905: 7904: 7903: 7895:Gunness, Chris 7891: 7861: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7803: 7792:on 18 May 2015 7777: 7745: 7714: 7680: 7668:Jerusalem Post 7654: 7629: 7598: 7568: 7538: 7508: 7478: 7443: 7417: 7386: 7382:Foreign Policy 7362: 7360:, 12 May 2010. 7338: 7312: 7299: 7295:Jerusalem Post 7275: 7251: 7221: 7214:) – via 7198: 7167: 7141: 7111: 7079: 7049: 7023: 6993: 6962: 6936: 6910: 6899: 6869: 6843: 6808: 6775: 6749: 6723: 6693: 6674: 6670:Jerusalem Post 6651: 6625: 6603: 6573: 6547: 6521: 6502: 6482: 6456: 6426: 6400: 6369: 6338: 6308: 6278: 6252: 6225: 6208:Gwen Ackerman 6201: 6172: 6153: 6135: 6111: 6089: 6062: 6027: 5997: 5978: 5951: 5925: 5898: 5871: 5836: 5810: 5788: 5783:Jerusalem Post 5763: 5727: 5697: 5663: 5633: 5602: 5576: 5552: 5519: 5488: 5469: 5443: 5415: 5391: 5365: 5337: 5322:Archived from 5311: 5285: 5259: 5250:"クレジットカードの現金化" 5241: 5226:. 6 May 2008. 5215: 5189: 5161: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5091: 5079: 5053: 5038: 5026: 5014: 4980: 4950: 4931: 4901: 4871: 4841: 4811: 4774: 4744: 4714: 4684: 4654: 4628: 4598: 4568: 4538: 4508: 4479: 4440: 4414: 4384: 4351: 4321: 4294: 4259: 4225: 4192: 4165: 4148:The Media Line 4131: 4101: 4071: 4045: 4024:"Field Visits" 4015: 3982: 3949: 3929: 3918:on 18 May 2015 3897: 3865: 3833: 3803: 3773: 3743: 3717: 3683: 3662: 3627: 3601: 3568: 3561: 3537: 3507: 3477: 3460:United Nations 3440: 3421: 3402: 3371: 3340: 3314: 3292: 3259: 3220: 3193: 3181: 3179:, p. 2,4. 3169: 3139: 3108: 3089: 3069: 3059: 3024: 2994: 2958: 2939: 2933: 2915: 2884: 2861:UNRWA (n.d.). 2852: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2829: 2804: 2774: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2667: 2653: 2637: 2634: 2573:Main article: 2570: 2567: 2554: 2551: 2539: 2536: 2519: 2516: 2499: 2496: 2475:Andrew Whitley 2454: 2451: 2399: 2396: 2366: 2363: 2336: 2333: 2304: 2301: 2232: 2229: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2110:requested the 2070: 2067: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 1986: 1983: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1931:Matthew Miller 1889:European Union 1872: 1869: 1861:Fatah al-Islam 1836: 1833: 1811: 1810: 1761: 1759: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1709: 1706: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1643: 1642:Health program 1640: 1624: 1621: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1563:Antony Blinken 1515: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1452: 1449: 1428: 1425: 1401:European Union 1391: 1388: 1367: 1364: 1332: 1329: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1104:East Jerusalem 1101: 1096: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1002: 1001: 994: 993: 985: 984: 979: 974: 973: 972: 967: 957: 956: 955: 943: 942: 934: 933: 927: 926: 925: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 885: 877: 876: 870: 869: 861: 860: 854: 853: 845: 844: 842: 841: 834: 827: 819: 816: 815: 812: 811: 806: 800: 796: 795: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 785: 784: 774: 768: 764: 763: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 723: 719: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 662:Rashid Khalidi 659: 654: 649: 643: 639: 638: 637: 634: 633: 630: 629: 628: 627: 617: 615:New Historians 612: 606: 602: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 587: 582: 581: 580: 570: 565: 564: 563: 553: 552: 551: 540: 534: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 523: 522: 517: 512: 502: 501: 500: 495: 490: 485: 474: 473: 472: 463: 462: 457: 452: 446: 445: 444: 438: 434: 433: 432: 429: 428: 422: 421: 417: 416: 397: 394: 370:East Jerusalem 247: 246: 232: 228: 227: 224: 221: 218: 217: 214: 208: 205: 204: 202:United Nations 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 177: 174: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 158: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 126: 124: 120: 119: 114: 111: 108: 107: 105: 104: 95: 88: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 31: 30: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9688: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9584: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 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9147: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9130: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9120: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8920: 8913: 8910: 8907: 8904: 8901: 8898: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8740:and observers 8735: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8684:Legal Affairs 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8582: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8465: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8322: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 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2424: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2409:U.S. Congress 2405: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2300: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2289:According to 2287: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2243:According to 2240: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2106:In 2002, the 2104: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1990: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1949: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1929:Spokesperson 1928: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1849:"tent" cities 1845: 1842: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1804: 1796: 1786: 1782: 1778: 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