99:
55:
145:, a new independent agency that replaced the existing Conciliation Service. The conciliation function was taken out of the Department of Labor in part because industry forces thought the existing service had been too partial to labor, an assessment that officials of the service disputed. Over the lifetime of the U.S. Conciliation Service, it had handled over 122,000 cases.
71:. The service was initially slow to build up because little money was budgeted for it, but by 1917, it had a directorship position and was clearly functioning as its own unit with the department. That first director of the service was Hugh L. Kerwin (who would remain in the position until 1937). Following the
62:
The origins of the service lay in the act that created the
Department of Labor in 1913, which act stated that the department would have the power to step in to act as a mediator in labor disputes whenever "the interests of industrial peace may require it to be done." Getting the service going was a
94:
was also offered to those parties willing to agree to it. The service did not possess legal force of action, but instead relied upon both parties being interested in reaching agreement and, as a fallback, parties not wanting to appear uncooperative in the eyes of public opinion.
115:. In particular, the number of Commissioners of Conciliation was sometimes as low as 35 or as high as 200. By the early 1930s, management of the service had become lax, with erratic reporting to headquarters of what was happening in the field. When she became secretary of labor,
102:
Secretary of Labor
Frances Perkins and Director of the U.S. Conciliation Service John R. Steelman in 1939, after ordering to a representative of the service to Harlan County, Kentucky, in an effort to assist settlement of the struggle between mine workers and coal companies
98:
130:, when any halt in work could adversely affect war materials production or other vital economic activity. Those cases that the service could not solve, which overall was about a quarter of them, would typically get sent to a new instantiation of the
134:. During fiscal year 1945, the service handled some 26,000 cases, of which 5,000 were at the strike stage or close thereto. The final director of the service was Edgar L. Warren, appointed in 1945.
82:
Mediation cases were handled by people appointed as
Commissioners of Conciliation, who vowed to act impartially. The conciliation process could be brought into play for both
385:. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library. New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University
142:
119:
made changes to get the unit into a better-run and more effective entity. The service grew rapidly with in the mid-1930s and then again in the early-mid-1940s.
475:
470:
408:
460:
17:
131:
76:
465:
254:
364:
242:
112:
123:
was the
Director of the U.S. Conciliation Service from 1937 to 1944, having been chosen for that position by Perkins.
64:
72:
54:
90:
and for any other type of industrial and labor relations matter. Participation in mediation was voluntary.
382:
35:
430:
264:
138:
58:
Hugh L. Kerwin (right), the first
Director of the U.S. Conciliation Service, dining in 1924
8:
455:
345:
218:
87:
250:
68:
111:, the service's workload expanded and contracted with the fortunes of unions in the
75:, cases that the Conciliation Service could not or did not resolve were sent to the
210:
198:
120:
116:
108:
199:"The Work of the United States Conciliation Service in Wartime Labor Disputes"
449:
83:
39:
296:
127:
91:
349:
333:
222:
173:
The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life and Legacy of
Frances Perkins
43:
214:
409:"Analysis of the Labor Act Shows Changed Era at Hand for Industry"
433:. Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. February 27, 1975
383:"NWLB Region II Office Files and Cases: Organizational History"
137:
The service came to an end in 1947 due to the union-limiting
38:
that existed from 1913 until 1947 whose role was to bring
365:"From South Arkansas to serving in Truman's White House"
249:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 353–360.
126:The service's work was especially important during
175:. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 139, 143, 207.
447:
265:"A Brief History: The U.S. Department of Labor"
431:"Oral History Interview with John R. Steelman"
476:1947 disestablishments in the United States
375:
334:"U. S. Conciliation Service, 1913–47"
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
402:
400:
192:
190:
188:
186:
184:
182:
143:Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
294:
247:A Historical Guide to the U.S. Government
236:
234:
232:
471:1913 establishments in the United States
297:"The United States Conciliation Service"
279:
240:
196:
166:
164:
162:
160:
158:
97:
53:
397:
362:
179:
14:
448:
311:
261:Available in slightly revised form as
229:
170:
27:Department of Labor agency (1913–1947)
406:
155:
262:
267:. United States Department of Labor
24:
423:
245:. In Kurian, George Thomas (ed.).
113:labor history of the United States
32:United States Conciliation Service
25:
487:
461:United States Department of Labor
197:Steelman, John R. (Summer 1942).
363:Bridges, Ken (April 16, 2019).
407:Stark, Louis (June 24, 1947).
356:
13:
1:
466:Labor relations organizations
203:Law and Contemporary Problems
148:
7:
344:(2): 172–174. August 1947.
10:
492:
295:Kampelman, Max M. (1947).
49:
241:MacLaury, Judson (1998).
73:US entry into World War I
34:was an agency within the
18:U.S. Conciliation Service
171:Downey, Kirstin (2010).
141:and the creation of the
132:National War Labor Board
77:National War Labor Board
42:to a settlement through
36:U.S. Department of Labor
243:"Labor, Department of"
104:
59:
101:
57:
369:El Dorado News-Times
338:Monthly Labor Review
301:Minnesota Law Review
63:focus of the first
413:The New York Times
352:– via JSTOR.
263:MacLaury, Judson.
105:
65:Secretary of Labor
60:
256:978-0-19-510230-7
69:William B. Wilson
16:(Redirected from
483:
442:
440:
438:
417:
416:
415:. pp. 1, 4.
404:
395:
394:
392:
390:
379:
373:
372:
360:
354:
353:
330:
309:
308:
292:
277:
276:
274:
272:
260:
238:
227:
226:
194:
177:
176:
168:
139:Taft–Hartley Act
121:John R. Steelman
21:
491:
490:
486:
485:
484:
482:
481:
480:
446:
445:
436:
434:
429:
426:
424:Further reading
421:
420:
405:
398:
388:
386:
381:
380:
376:
361:
357:
332:
331:
312:
293:
280:
270:
268:
257:
239:
230:
215:10.2307/1189515
195:
180:
169:
156:
151:
117:Frances Perkins
109:interwar period
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
489:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
444:
443:
425:
422:
419:
418:
396:
374:
355:
310:
278:
255:
228:
178:
153:
152:
150:
147:
84:strike actions
51:
48:
40:labor disputes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
488:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
451:
437:September 24,
432:
428:
427:
414:
410:
403:
401:
389:September 22,
384:
378:
370:
366:
359:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
306:
302:
298:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
271:September 24,
266:
258:
252:
248:
244:
237:
235:
233:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
193:
191:
189:
187:
185:
183:
174:
167:
165:
163:
161:
159:
154:
146:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
435:. Retrieved
412:
387:. Retrieved
377:
368:
358:
341:
337:
304:
300:
269:. Retrieved
246:
206:
202:
172:
136:
128:World War II
125:
106:
81:
61:
31:
29:
209:: 462–469.
107:During the
92:Arbitration
450:Categories
149:References
456:Mediation
44:mediation
350:41831308
307:: 680ff.
88:lockouts
223:1189515
50:History
348:
253:
221:
346:JSTOR
219:JSTOR
103:there
439:2023
391:2023
273:2023
251:ISBN
86:and
30:The
211:doi
452::
411:.
399:^
367:.
342:65
340:.
336:.
313:^
305:31
303:.
299:.
281:^
231:^
217:.
205:.
201:.
181:^
157:^
79:.
67:,
46:.
441:.
393:.
371:.
275:.
259:.
225:.
213::
207:9
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
