893:
1477:
1162:
1027:
539:
replacements in airship ratings. The Air Corps Act of 1926 mandated that 90% of all Air Corps officers be rated, and that for reasons of economy, by 1929 at least 20% of tactical pilots had to be enlisted men. However, the latter requirement was so utterly impractical it was circumvented by the Air Corps with the tacit approval of the War
Department. The Air Corps had only 38 rated enlisted men in 1930 (about 4% of all pilots), and nearly every enlisted graduate was being commissioned to decrease deficits in rated officers. Those remaining as enlisted men in the Regular Army held reserve officer commissions in the event of war.
1324:
1634:
3266:
731:
203:
382:
29:
314:
673:
2567:
3842:
2265:
582:
364:, incorporating, expanding and superseding the Aeronautical Division, and established in law both flight pay ( called the "aviation increase") and the awarding of ratings. The Act of 1914 authorized an aviation increase of 25% in pay to student pilots, 50% to those rated JMA, and 75% to those rated MA. Rated lieutenants who flew "regularly and frequently" were given the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade.
505:(completion of advanced training). The bulk of new pilots were acquired from the enlisted classification of "flying cadet", with achievement of a JAP rating making a cadet eligible for advanced pilot training and commissioning. However, some older Air Service officers without flying experience, but requiring a rating to remain in the Air Service, acquired a JAP rating, including Chief of Air Service Maj. Gen.
550:, promulgated a policy requiring newly minted pilots to spend a year flying single-engined aircraft and accruing 750 logged flight hours as a prerequisite to becoming a bomber pilot. Seven years of military flying experience and 2,000 logged hours qualified a pilot as an "airplane commander" in the GHQAF. In 1937 the Army formalized the requirement, creating a new advanced rating of
2327:
182:. Badge is identical to that worn by USAF Navigators and CSOs. In current practice, is awarded with the Astronaut distinguishing insignia to those USAF officer astronauts who are not previously rated USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. Although identical to the badge worn by Navigators and CSOs, recipients are not graduates of USAF Navigator or CSO training.
1047:, for active duty officers and officers considered rated assets in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator, but rated navigators who are not CSO rated are not eligible for award of advanced CSO ratings. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Combat System Officer:
620:(N.B.: these three ratings were typically awarded to soldiers on the basis of prior civilian flying experience, with a higher age limit and relaxed medical requirements for entry vs. the normal Pilot training pipeline; their duty assignments were limited in scope), and enlisted Aircrew ratings. Combat Observer was renamed
1182:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. After 2009 only Combat System Operators receive ratings formerly awarded to navigators, as the occupational field is being phased out. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Navigator:
1981:, Signal Officers Reserve Corps, awarded upon successful completion of the "Reserve Military Aviator" test, supervised by an Aviation Section officer or agent. (Only those few rated officers not assigned in orders to the "Aviation Section, Signal Reserve for regular and frequent flights" were commissioned as
1985:.) The test in seven parts included a takeoff and climb in a constricted area, gliding and spinning, making a deadstick landing, landing over an obstacle, flying a triangular course by compass, flying a 30-mile cross-country flight by map, and completing a 45-minute endurance flight at 4,000 feet altitude. (
2011:
Enlisted pilots were authorized embroidered wings with a four-bladed propeller instead of a shield in the center, to be worn on the sleeve. However in World War I all enlisted pilots became commissioned. Enlisted pilots between 1919 and 1933, when the rating was discontinued, wore metal wings similar
474:
also ended the differentials in flight pay and standardized it at 50%. The policy of awarding rated officers a temporary advancement in grade was also terminated. To qualify for command of a unit, an officer was required by law to be rated. The existing ratings were reduced to four on 10 August 1920,
400:
encountered credibility problems from wearing their single-winged JMA/RMA badges in Europe, where the design signified "observer" status for the wearer rather than "pilot." Largely through their efforts, the regulation was changed on 27 October 1917 and a two-wing badge was authorized for JMA and RMA
252:
soloed by the "short hop method" (also known as "grass-cutting"), in which student pilots, flying alone, learned to handle airplane controls on the ground, taxied in further practice until just short of takeoff speeds, and finally took off to a height of just ten feet, gradually working up to higher
91:
For all categories of aeronautical ratings, to be eligible for the rating and to wear the appropriate badge, an officer must be medically qualified to fly and also be qualified by flying status proficiency. Certified flight officers who develop medical conditions that disqualify them from flying are
1789:
In addition to being a rated pilot and a rated flight surgeon, a pilot-physician must have completed at least three years of operational flying and one year as an operational flight surgeon, with a provision for assigning applicants without flight surgeon operational experience to a base where they
1918:
Added 25 September 2007. Under a program that began in the fall of 2004 to replace the "Joint
Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training" course, portions of the previous navigator and electronic warfare officer training courses were combined into a curriculum with the objective of developing an
668:
s were rated and received the "aviation increase" between 1918 and 1920. The rating was discontinued in 1920, however, and flight surgeons as a military profession were neglected by the headquarters of the successive Army air arms until late in 1939. In July 1940, the recommendations of a board of
538:
discarded the A Plan in favor of the B Plan, which awarded only a single rating, Airplane Pilot, requiring completion of all phases of a year-long, three-school (Primary, Basic, and
Advanced) flying training course. The Airship School closed in 1928 for economic reasons, ending all increases and
1839:
Pilot-physicians are eligible for advanced ratings as both flight surgeons and pilots. They may apply toward advanced pilot ratings any USAF pilot years of aviation service, months of operational flying duty, and total flying hours accrued before achieving flight surgeon status. After attaining
324:
War
Department General Order No. 39, dated 27 May 1913, certified 24 officers including Arnold as "qualified", and authorized issuance of a certificate and badge. A number of designs for the badge were considered before the War Department chose that of an eagle holding Signal Corps flags in its
570:. For both advanced ratings, hours as a pilot or navigator (a specialization then performed only by rated pilots) were calculated at 100%, but military flight hours in any other capacity were calculated at a 50% rate. The Air Corps also divided the former Airplane Observer rating into that of
1785:
to be
Program Director, and assignment of designated command, staff, research, training, and education billets as well as duty in operational units. A P48VX specialty code is assigned to those on aeronautical orders as a pilot-physician and assigned to one of these designated PPP billets.
78:
rating, effective 13 December 2010. Although in much smaller numbers, enlisted personnel were historically eligible to be rated until 1949. Since the later 1950s, highly trained enlisted personnel, along with officers whose duties do not include flying, are recognized by the awarding of
1919:
aviator with cross-flow capability between the two positions on combat aircraft. The curriculum includes a wider range of topics, with an increased emphasis on warfighting, to develop leadership, decision-making and mission management skills. Navigators and CSOs wear identical badges.
1773:(Air Force Specialty Code 48VX). The purpose of pilot-physicians is to provide "integrated operational and aerospace medicine guidance" in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of Air Force systems and missions to realize the greatest effectiveness and cost savings.
1840:
status as a pilot-physician, all hours flown as a pilot, and months of operational flying duty credit accrued as a pilot, are "dual-credited" toward both advanced pilot and flight surgeon ratings as long as the officer is on aeronautical orders as an active pilot-physician.
1497:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The insignia is identical to USAF Navigator/CSO and is typically only awarded as an "observer" insignia with the Astronaut emblem to USAF officers who have completed training as
1776:
Pilot-physicians were previously assigned only to an operational flying squadron in their respective aircraft, with their main assignment as a pilot, but also with clinical duties seeing patients, usually the flight medicine clinic, depending on the pilot-physician's
628:
flanked by wings to that of the USAF shield flanked by wings. At this time, a tiered system of ratings based on hours and years of service was also implemented with Senior
Navigator and Master Navigator following the same precepts as Senior Pilot and Command Pilot.
1292:(NAV training pipeline) course at either: VT-29 (Advanced Navigation Training Course at NAS Corpus Christi); 323 FTW (Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) at Mather AFB); or 12 FTW (Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT) at Randolph AFB)
92:
classified DNIF (Duties Not
Including Flying). DNIF may be temporary or permanent. Officers placed on permanent DNIF status are either cross-trained into another career field, or separated from the Air Force, depending on the severity of their medical condition.
1781:. On 21 April 2011 the Pilot-Physician Program (PPP) was completely revised to make "the most of the special resources of Air Force officers who are simultaneously qualified both as pilots and flight surgeons," with a senior pilot-physician selected by the
367:
Because a provision also required three years' experience as a JMA in order to become eligible to be rated MA, all remaining
Military Aviators had their ratings changed to JMA. None re-acquired the rating (and its "aviation increase") before July 1917. The
554:, setting 12 years as a rated pilot and 2,000 hours of flight time as the standard. The rating of Airship Pilot was discontinued at the same time and that of Airship Observer incorporated into Balloon Observer, leaving the Air Corps with five ratings.
47:, commonly referred to as "wings" from their shape and their historical legacy, are awarded by the Air Force in recognition of degrees of achievement and experience. Officers earning these badges and maintaining their requirements are classified as
557:
Between
November 1939 and March 1940 pilot ratings were revised to the permanent three-tier system with objective standards that exists today, with a total of eight ratings overall. Graduation from Advanced Flying School was required to be rated a
648:, especially since the latter have historically enjoyed more robust operational flying command and major command opportunities, to include promotion to 3-star and 4-star rank. Although observer ratings were also discontinued by USAF in 1949, the
524:
The Air
Service has 845 officers with rating as airplane pilots, airplane observers, airship pilots, airship observers, or balloon observers. In addition about 51 enlisted men have the rating of airplane pilot, junior airplane pilot, or airship
413:, with all ranks and grades being temporary. The Aviation Act of 24 July 1917 authorized those holding a pre-war JMA rating to advance to MA rating by the three-year rule, and along with RMA holders, by "distinguished service." A wartime
54:
The first U.S. military aviator ratings were awarded in 1912, and the issuance of badges for recognition of the award began in 1913. The division of ratings into multiple skill levels and categories began in 1914 and expanded during
1976:
Candidates for Reserve Military Aviator had to pass a medical examination to become an aviation cadet at a civilian flying school, then a preliminary flying test. Nearly all aviation cadets receiving the rating were commissioned as
466:
were created. Among the new ratings, a 50% aviation increase was authorized for the enlisted pilot and 25% for all the others. The new ratings, however, proved to be only a demobilization expedient and lasted less than nine months.
228:
as junior military aviator, military aviator, junior military aeronaut, and military aeronaut ... Provided further, that any officer attached to the aviation section of the signal corps for any military duty requiring him to make
325:
talons, suspended from a bar embossed with "Military Aviator", and had the dies manufactured. A group of 14 aviators still detailed to the Signal Corps was recommended on 29 September 1913 to receive the badge, and the two gold
1794:
and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot training (one slot per year); allows participation of flight surgeons with experience as navigators, electronic warfare officers, RPA sensor operators, and flight test engineers as
624:. All of the wartime ratings except Navigator were discontinued by the USAF on 26 July 1949, with Navigator and Bombardier merged into a single Navigator rating and the badge design being changed in 1951 from that of an
372:
eliminated pilot age and rank eligibility restrictions and allowed captains to also draw the temporary rank, pay, and allowances of the next higher grade if required to participate in regular and frequent flight.
494:. All those already holding the old ratings qualified automatically for the new. In 1921 the Air Service authorized the wearing of 3.125-inch ratings badges made of oxidized silver in lieu of embroidered badges.
3231:
1035:
The Combat System Officer (CSO) rating is awarded to individuals who entered the CSO Undergraduate Flying Training after 1 October 2004. The USAF awards combat system officer ratings at three levels:
1950:
One (1st Lt. J. D. Park) was killed in an accident before G.O. 39 was issued, and two (1st Lts. E.L. Ellington and H.M. Kelly) were killed together in the Philippines before theirs were delivered.
2046:. These were the only ratings ever awarded for distinguished service, and when the Military Aviator rating was abolished, these six were permitted to keep it. (Davis, p. 14 and p. 678, note 50.)
3687:
2192:
2030:
War Department Special Orders 95-0, para. 110, 23 April 1919, awarded six additional officers the rating of "Military Aviator" for "distinguished service" in France during the war: Brig. Gen.
3204:
3545:
3611:
3214:
3209:
1823:
by applying operational insights to studies; basic and applied science; relevant research, development, test & evaluation (RDT&E); and operational test & evaluation (OT&E),
3253:
1348:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Air Battle Manager:
1272:
Graduate of USAF Undergraduate Navigator Training (UNT) / USAF-USN Interservice Undergraduate Navigator Training (IUNT) / USAF-USN Specialized Undergraduate Navigator Training (SUNT), or
3236:
1658:, for active duty officers and officers considered "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components. The following additional criteria are required for rating as a USAF Flight Surgeon:
405:
The Military Aviator badge was superseded on 15 August 1917 by authorization of a new embroidered "wings" badge, the first sketches of which are attributed to Arnold. A new rating,
3521:
3509:
3872:
3219:
1791:
1245:
Interservice transfer to USAF (including Air Reserve Component) of any former USN or USMC Naval Flight Officer with 7 years and similar flight time totals as a designated NFO
59:. With minor variations in numbers and titles of ratings, the system remained largely unchanged until 1940, when the current system of pilot ratings was introduced. During
704:
The Flight Surgeon rating received its own distinctive gold badge on 3 March 1942, which was changed to the standard oxidized silver wings in 1944 to avoid confusion with
337:, both of whom had also received the first ratings with Arnold on 5 July 1912. All 24 officers certified by G.O. 39, or their survivors, were eventually issued the badge.
3248:
2946:
2240:
1786:
Pilot-Physicians are entitled to conditional flight pay (ACIP), that is, only if assigned to an active flying position and flying a prescribed number of hours monthly.
3388:
2864:
1967:, and Robert H. Willis—were awarded the higher rating under the 3-year requirement after a ruling that their time away from aviation also counted. (Hennessey, p. 229)
3606:
3538:
1896:
3299:
253:
altitudes and turns. The practice resulted in the first pilot death only a month into training. At least three of these pilots had been previously instructed by
3340:
2640:
1892:
Navigator remains a rated category, but is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more comprehensive and versatile CSO category. Kreisher, Otto.
1959:
Nine of those whose ratings were reduced and were still in the ASSC were re-rated the MA in July 1917 and four who had left aviation and returned—Arnold,
292:
rating and published requirements on 20 April 1912. The first rating was awarded to Henry H. Arnold on 5 July 1912. The first rating requirements were:
2021:
Two non-flying ratings for aircraft mechanics, "Aviation Mechanician" and "Balloon Mechanician", also received a 50% increase if engaged in flying duty.
3533:
3196:
3179:
2184:
1512:, and are not otherwise rated as USAF Pilots or USAF Navigators/CSOs. The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Observer:
3626:
3129:
3697:
3325:
3243:
3184:
2311:
3654:
3226:
2555:
80:
3792:
3631:
3589:
3584:
3162:
2324:
1782:
277:
3579:
3304:
3174:
3103:
History: The 1913 Military Aviator's Badge awarded to Captain Paul W. Beck, U.S. Infantry, by Walter Schott The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc.
1859:
179:
2259:
3504:
2163:
FTU is an umbrella term for both current Undergraduate ABM Training (UABMT) and previous Programmed Flying Training (PFT) in a flying unit
439:
3669:
2889:
1998:
No one was ever rated a Reserve Military Aeronaut, all balloon ascensions during the war being tethered and manned by observers. (1920
43:
for commissioned officers participating in "regular and frequent flight", either aerially or in space, in performance of their duties.
3571:
3528:
3152:
3821:
3730:
3664:
3649:
3274:
3157:
475:
combining the ratings of Reserve Military Aviator/Airplane Pilot, Junior Military Aviator, and Military Aviator into the rating of
249:
3707:
3621:
3616:
1937:
Commander AFRC presents to USAF officers who complete RPA Formal Training Unit in conjunction with Undergraduate RPA Training at
3725:
3516:
3189:
913:, to active duty officers, to enlisted personnel, and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the Air Reserve Components.
302:
Carry a passenger to an altitude of 500 feet, with a combined weight of pilot and passenger of 250 pounds or more, and make a
83:. In 2016, the Air Force opened RPA pilot positions to enlisted personnel, making them the first enlisted pilots since 1949.
3692:
3122:
2964:
2955:
2834:
2815:
2796:
2777:
2757:
2729:
2709:
2690:
2671:
2615:
2595:
2528:
2492:
2469:
2427:
2407:
2387:
2368:
2349:
2234:
1849:
435:
44:
497:
In 1921 the Air Service also revised its pilot training program, adopting the "A Plan", which divided pilot ratings between
340:
Two levels of qualification were specified in War Department Bulletin No. 35 on 4 May 1914, with aviators below the rank of
3816:
3373:
2857:
1854:
1835:
to provide recommendations for operational systems, environments, and mishaps; and solutions to human performance problems.
1627:
636:(CSO), with the same badge insignia as Navigator. This title change was intended to place the CSO more in line with their
2222:
AFI 11-402. Paragraph 2.2 defines the categories of aeronautical ratings and Paragraph 2.4 the authority making the award.
3811:
3777:
3734:
2086:
These five ratings were: Military Airplane Pilot, Airplane Pilot, Airplane Observer, Balloon Pilot, and Balloon Observer.
1893:
547:
361:
70:
USAF ratings gradually expanded until seven categories and 21 ratings exist currently. The most recent change added the
3461:
3353:
652:
title was revived in 1981 when a rating was created for otherwise non-aeronautically rated USAF officers who completed
130:
115:
2997:
Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1958). "The Medical Service of the USAAF" (LeRoy, Dr. George V.),
2073:
Enlisted personnel qualifying for a pilot rating during World War II, commonly referred to as "sergeant pilots," wore
3826:
3644:
3097:
3076:
3047:
3022:
691:
191:
3702:
222:
That officers detailed in or attached to the aviation section of the signal corps may, when qualified therefore, be
3867:
3845:
3787:
3738:
3320:
3115:
2629:
1804:
599:
as a rating and authorized its own badge on 4 September 1942, one of a number of new wartime ratings that included
3639:
3358:
3330:
245:
2213:
Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11-402, Paragraph 2.2.2; 13 December 2010, superseding AFI 11-402 25 September 2007.
3782:
3772:
3742:
1790:
would likely become a "first assignment pilot-physician". The revised program allows flight surgeons access to
427:
309:
Make a military reconnaissance flight of at least 20 miles cross-country at an average altitude of 1,500 feet.
235:
shall receive an increase of 25 per centum of the pay of his grade and length of service under his commission.
3797:
3750:
2095:
AR 600–35 (paragraph 42: "Badge, Aviation") was revised to list the eight rating categories, including a new
596:
64:
21:"Aircraft observer" redirects here. For an aircrew member whose duties are predominantly reconnaissance, see
892:
3762:
3746:
535:
471:
369:
1883:
The standard by which flight status has been defined in law, executive orders, and regulations since 1913.
1509:
886:
724:
705:
566:
rating; and either 15 years service with 3,000 hours, or 20 years service with 2,000 hours, to become a
3363:
430:, a standard wings-and-shield design for the rating badge, still in use today, was created by sculptor
916:
The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF remotely piloted aircraft pilot:
438:
and approved on 25 January 1919. Army regulations regarding ratings underwent a major revision by the
3756:
3368:
3289:
3169:
330:
170:
2304:
3659:
3596:
1982:
1748:
1476:
1317:
1161:
1026:
431:
262:
100:
3491:
3138:
1978:
1829:
aircrew, senior Air Force leaders, and medical personnel on subjects of particular expertise, and
1323:
73:
40:
632:
Beginning in 2011, the rating of Navigator was retitled, replaced by the aeronautical rating of
107:'s surface and who have participated in at least one operational mission, and has a distinctive
2043:
1633:
633:
145:
3042:(USAF Historical Study No. 98), Maxwell Air Force Base: Air Force Historical Research Agency,
2293:
669:
flight surgeons appointed by Gen. Arnold were adopted, standardizing ratings requirements as:
2984:
2074:
1905:
606:
543:
423:
for both airplanes and balloons, bringing the total number of aeronautical ratings to seven.
269:
126:
3481:
3476:
3378:
2055:
The U.S. Naval Air Service and the U.S. Aerial Mail Service also had four aviation ratings.
1938:
1289:
1279:
637:
2847:
AFI 11-402 Table 2.1. This table defines requirements for all seven categories of ratings.
8:
3486:
3471:
3466:
353:
341:
248:
Bulletin No. 6, as a new measurement of pilot skill. Before that time most pilots of the
446:(although usage of the RMA terminology continued until 1920), all observers were termed
3451:
3398:
3383:
3348:
3294:
2976:, Office of the Director of Air Service, February 1920, U.S. Government Printing Office
2281:
1964:
1810:
Pilot-physicians are defined by four core competencies to achieve program objectives:
1603:
1501:
1333:
756:
656:
299:
Pilot an aircraft for at least five minutes in a wind of 15 m.p.h. velocity or greater;
166:
154:
3053:
Hussey, Anne, and Browning, Dr. Robert (2000). "Flying Training at Kelly, 1917–1943",
730:
202:
111:, consisting of a "shooting star" qualifier device superimposed on their rated badge.
3767:
3456:
3431:
3093:
3072:
3043:
3018:
2883:
2035:
1778:
752:
645:
334:
303:
103:
for rated officers formally qualified to perform duties at least 50 miles above the
3549:
3436:
3421:
3411:
625:
601:
3011:
842:
1,300 hours (any combination of primary, instructor, and/or evaluator pilot time)
3446:
3441:
3426:
3416:
3406:
2331:
2244:
1900:
1741:
1443:
1155:
1020:
517:
401:
as well as the Military Aviator rating, which was denoted by having a star added.
273:
265:
108:
2039:
2031:
1643:
1470:
901:
The USAF awards remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot ratings at three levels:
419:
397:
258:
186:
864:
Graduate of helicopter pilot training conducted by another US military service
860:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program, or
751:, to active duty officers and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the
529:
396:
badges had only one wing to the wearer's left. The Air Service members of the
381:
3861:
3806:
3802:
2994:, August 2007, Vol. 90, No. 8, the Air Force Association, Arlington, Virginia
1960:
1505:
672:
506:
326:
313:
254:
774:
The following additional criteria are required to be rated as a USAF Pilot:
3102:
60:
28:
22:
3107:
2237:
Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Aviation Badges
999:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if equivalent to USAF program
67:, but most were discontinued after the war when the USAF came into being.
410:
159:: awarded by the Commander or delegated air control wing commanders, AETC
56:
2580:. Paragraph 2 (a) Section IV, General Orders No. 49, War Department 1920
470:
In 1920, when the Air Service was made a statutory arm of the line, the
63:, as many as 19 aeronautical ratings were recognized and awarded by the
1436:
768:
764:
514:
Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
2637:
Tenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics
1286:
1276:
659:
641:
581:
288:
To establish formal standards of certification, the Army created the
137:
96:
39:
are military aviation skill standards established and awarded by the
2247:, p.2 Summary of Changes (2 February 2013). Retrieved 31 August 2015
1302:
Reviewed by Aeronautical Rating Board and approved by Major Command
857:
Graduate of other US military pilot training if ordered by USAF, or
3062:
Flight Surgeon Support to United States Air Force Fliers in Combat
697:
one year's service in the AAF as an Aviation Medical Examiner, and
501:(completion of primary training, normally an enlisted rating) and
442:
on 16 October 1919, when the RMA rating was officially changed to
2949:
Aviation and Parachutist Service, Aeronautical Ratings and Badges
489:
1803:; and authorizes pilot-physicians to compete for assignment to
1134:
Graduate of Combat System Officer Undergraduate Flying Training
417:
rating for balloon pilots was also created, as was a rating of
114:
The seven categories of aeronautical ratings, as authorized by
2508:, pp. 309–310. (ODAS General Orders No. 45, 29 September 1919)
479:
and Military Aeronaut and Balloon Observer into the rating of
244:
Aeronautical ratings were established on 23 February 1912, by
150:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC
141:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders, AETC
104:
3064:, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, Texas
1817:
through the synthesis of operational and medical experience,
1600:
1498:
653:
562:; ten years service and 1,800 hours of military flight for
530:
Air Corps, World War II, Cold War and Post-Cold War changes
2325:
Chicago Daily news almanac and year-book for 1918, p. 423.
1909:, August 2007 (vol. 90, no. 8). Accessed 11 December 2009.
2670:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (
2614:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHussey_and_Browning2000 (
388:
badge, 1917–1919. Initially badges were embroidered and
165:: awarded by the Commander or delegated wing commanders,
3040:
The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917
376:
197:
3254:
Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
2264:. U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General's Department.
409:, was authorized on 3 June 1917 to rate pilots during
3873:
Awards and decorations of the United States Air Force
3237:
House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
2951:, 13 December 2010; certified current 5 February 2013
2077:
wings appropriate to the class of aircraft they flew.
426:
After the creation by executive order in 1918 of the
2969:, 10 December 2010; certified current 9 January 2013
1717:
1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and
1691:
1 year current active service as flight surgeon, and
1688:
Permanent award of senior flight service rating, and
218:
From the Aviation Act (40 Stat. 243), 24 July 1917:
2665:
2609:
1170:The USAF awards navigator ratings at three levels:
3232:House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
3017:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Air Force History.
3010:
2064:Both phases of training were six months in length.
1737:Graduate of Aerospace Medicine Primary Course, and
1485:The USAF awards observer ratings at three levels:
3081:Manufacturers Aircraft Association, Inc. (1920).
2185:"First two enlisted pilots complete solo flights"
1282:course, VT-86 (RIO, TN or OJN training pipelines)
3859:
3071:, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C.
1012:
2491:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCallander1991 (
2348:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessey1958 (
1212:Permanent award of senior navigator rating, and
996:Graduate of USAF RPA pilot training program, or
946:Permanent award of senior RPA pilot rating, and
739:The USAF awards pilot ratings at three levels:
687:completion of a one-year rotational internship,
261:, California. Concurrently, two pilots (future
2426:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
2406:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
2386:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHennessy1958 (
1542:Permanent award of senior observer rating, and
3123:
3055:A History of Military Aviation in San Antonio
2833:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (
2527:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRottman2002 (
2367:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCorrell2007 (
1860:Obsolete badges of the United States military
1714:Permanent award of flight surgeon rating, and
1685:15 years rated service as flight surgeon, and
1309:
956:2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or
814:2,300 hours primary and instructor flight, or
360:. On 18 July 1914, Congress established the
306:to within 150 feet of a designated point; and
180:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2915:AFI 11-404 Paragraphs 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, and 7.3
2776:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2756:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2728:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2708:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2689:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2594:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
2468:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMaurer1987 (
1711:7 years rated service as flight surgeon, and
483:, renaming the rating of Aerial Observer as
3137:
2990:Correll, John T. "The First of the Force,"
2814:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLeRoy1955 (
2795:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones2003 (
1769:Flight surgeons may also perform duties as
1582:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1552:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1504:, have flown at least once in space in the
1418:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1388:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1255:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1222:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1117:1,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
1087:2,300 hours primary and instructor time, or
854:Graduate of USAF pilot training program, or
804:Permanent award of senior pilot rating, and
711:
348:and those captain and above to be rated as
178:: awarded by the Senior Air Force Officer,
51:and receive additional pay and allowances.
3130:
3116:
2154:ratings became effective 23 February 1940.
763:). Rating standards apply equally to both
296:Attain an altitude of at least 2,500 feet;
3092:, Osprey Publishing, Botley, Oxford, UK.
3057:, USAF Air Education and Training Command
2979:Callander, Bruce D. "They Wanted Wings",
2742:War Department Circular 31, 23 March 1940
2639:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1925.
2487:
2343:
2310:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1619:
1378:Permanent award of senior ABM rating, and
1077:Permanent award of senior CSO rating, and
984:1300 hours primary and instructor flight
959:144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)
817:144 months Operational Flying Duty (OFDA)
684:graduation from a Class A medical school,
662:training and subsequently flew in space.
3085:, Doubleday, Page, and Company. New York
3013:Carl A. Spaatz and the air war in Europe
2999:Volume Seven – Services Around the World
2421:
2401:
2381:
976:Permanent award of RPA pilot rating, and
671:
580:
380:
329:were issued 16 October 1913, to Captain
312:
201:
125:: awarded by the Commander or delegated
27:
2828:
2714:. Air Corps Circular 50-10 13 June 1937
2556:"Flying Status of Air Service Officers"
2522:
2440:
2438:
2362:
1989:, 15 May 1917, Vol. II, No. 8, p. 355.)
1572:Permanent award of observer rating. and
1242:Permanent award of navigator rating, or
352:. Similar ratings were created for the
3860:
3326:Operational Test and Evaluation Center
3190:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
2888:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2771:
2751:
2723:
2703:
2684:
2589:
2548:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
278:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
3111:
3008:
3005:, Air Force Historical Studies Office
2809:
2790:
2444:
2230:
2228:
2195:from the original on 29 December 2016
2012:to the embroidered badge. (Callander)
1987:Aviation and Aeronautical Engineering
1850:Badges of the United States Air Force
436:United States Commission of Fine Arts
377:World War I and Air Service revisions
3069:Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919–1939
2983:, January 1991, Vol. 74, No. 1, the
2870:from the original on 1 December 2016
2745:
2646:from the original on 8 February 2010
2622:
2435:
2261:Aviation Career Incentive Pay (ACIP)
2250:
2042:, Major Melvin A. Hall, and Captain
1855:Military badges of the United States
1449:Graduate of UABMT under new syllabus
1147:
878:
834:Permanent award of pilot rating, and
198:Evolution of the USAF ratings system
3003:The Army Air Forces in World War II
2583:
2511:
2476:
2450:
2038:, Lt. Col. John N. Reynolds, Major
1764:
1462:
700:50 hours of logged military flight.
354:lighter-than-air branch of aviation
283:
250:Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps
99:"qualifier" is awarded only by the
37:U.S. Air Force aeronautical ratings
13:
3827:Air & Space Forces Association
3244:Senate Committee on Armed Services
3038:Hennessy, Dr. Juliette A. (1958).
2268:from the original on 17 April 2017
2257:
2225:
2099:rating, and describe their badges.
1408:Permanent award of ABM rating, and
1107:Permanent award of CSO rating, and
131:Air Education and Training Command
14:
3884:
2570:from the original on 22 July 2011
192:USAF School of Aerospace Medicine
16:Military aviation skill standards
3841:
3840:
3739:Division of Military Aeronautics
3264:
3163:Under Secretary of the Air Force
3090:U.S. Army Air Forces, Volume Two
2258:Wilder, Harlan, et al. editors.
2125:was authorized 20 February 1940.
2112:was authorized 21 November 1939.
1632:
1475:
1322:
1297:400 hours primary navigator time
1209:15 years as rated navigator, and
1160:
1025:
943:15 years as rated RPA pilot, and
891:
729:
716:
239:
2974:Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.
2927:
2918:
2909:
2896:
2850:
2841:
2822:
2803:
2784:
2765:
2736:
2717:
2697:
2678:
2659:
2603:
2535:
2506:Aviation Medicine in the A.E.F.
2499:
2415:
2395:
2375:
2356:
2337:
2318:
2157:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2089:
2080:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2024:
2015:
2005:
1992:
1970:
1953:
1944:
1931:
1539:15 years as rated observer, and
1446:Formal Training Unit course, or
1439:Formal Training Unit course, or
973:7 years as rated RPA pilot, and
487:, and continuing the rating of
206:Gen. H.H. Arnold, wearing both
3650:Reserve Officer Training Corps
3607:Judge Advocate General's Corps
3249:Senate Subcommittee on Airland
3227:House Armed Services Committee
2216:
2207:
2177:
1922:
1912:
1886:
1877:
1569:7 years as rated observer, and
362:Aviation Section, Signal Corps
1:
3798:Women Airforce Service Pilots
2940:
2138:was authorized 23 March 1940.
1894:"Versatile, Ready, and Rated"
1502:Mission Specialist Astronauts
1013:Combat System Officer ratings
597:United States Army Air Forces
81:Air Force Occupational Badges
1792:undergraduate pilot training
1631:
1474:
1321:
1159:
1098:Senior Combat System Officer
1068:Master Combat System Officer
1045:Master Combat System Officer
1041:Senior Combat System Officer
1024:
890:
801:15 years as rated pilot, and
728:
472:National Defense Act of 1920
370:National Defense Act of 1916
232:regular and frequent flights
190:: awarded by the Commander,
7:
3153:Department of the Air Force
3088:Rottman, Gordon L. (2002).
2958:The Pilot-Physician Program
1843:
1510:International Space Station
1021:Combat System Officer badge
831:7 years as rated pilot, and
692:School of Aviation Medicine
520:to the Congress, reported:
86:
10:
3889:
3158:Secretary of the Air Force
3009:Davis, Richard G. (1993).
1626:
1469:
1375:15 years as rated ABM, and
1316:
1310:Air Battle Manager ratings
1239:7 years as rated navigator
1154:
1074:15 years as rated CSO, and
1019:
885:
723:
640:(NFO) counterparts of the
20:
3835:
3716:
3678:
3562:
3500:
3397:
3339:
3313:
3282:
3273:
3262:
3145:
2933:AFI 11-402, Paragraph 2.7
2924:AFI 11-402, Paragraph 1.2
1815:Providing expert guidance
1783:Air Force Surgeon General
1646:ratings at three levels:
1405:7 years as rated ABM, and
1399:Senior Air Battle Manager
1369:Master Air Battle Manager
1346:Master Air Battle Manager
1342:Senior Air Battle Manager
1336:ratings at three levels:
1104:7 years as rated CSO, and
516:, submitted by President
415:Reserve Military Aeronaut
272:) were instructed by the
171:Air Force Reserve Command
74:Remotely Piloted Aircraft
3660:Airman Leadership School
3462:Thirteenth Expeditionary
3300:Field Operating Agencies
3060:Jones, David R. (2003).
2666:Hussey and Browning 2000
2610:Hussey and Browning 2000
1899:3 September 2010 at the
1865:
1749:Air Force Specialty Code
1673:Alternative flight time
1527:Alternative flight time
1363:Alternative flight time
1318:Air Battle Manager Badge
1197:Alternative flight time
1062:Alternative flight time
931:Alternative flight time
789:Alternative flight time
712:USAF rating requirements
407:Reserve Military Aviator
394:Reserve Military Aviator
263:General of the Air Force
101:Air Force Chief of Staff
45:USAF aeronautical badges
32:USAF Command Pilot wings
3868:United States Air Force
3645:Officer Training School
3139:United States Air Force
3067:Maurer, Maurer (1987).
2904:Pilot-Physician Program
2243:12 January 2014 at the
1928:Added 13 December 2010.
552:Military Airplane Pilot
440:Director of Air Service
390:Junior Military Aviator
386:Junior Military Aviator
346:Junior Military Aviator
41:United States Air Force
3688:Awards and decorations
3321:District of Washington
3314:Direct Reporting Units
2687:, pp. 49, 204–208
2630:"The Army Air Service"
2256:Added 1 October 1999.
1939:March Air Reserve Base
1805:USAF Test Pilot School
1801:flight test-physicians
1620:Flight Surgeon ratings
761:Air Reserve Components
680:
679:wings, Army Air Forces
634:Combat Systems Officer
595:was recognized by the
589:
527:
402:
321:
237:
215:
33:
3731:Aeronautical Division
2987:, Arlington, Virginia
2985:Air Force Association
2330:29 April 2018 at the
1705:Senior Flight Surgeon
1652:Senior Flight Surgeon
1577:2,000 total hours, or
1547:3,000 total hours, or
1508:and/or served at the
1413:2,000 total hours, or
1383:3,000 total hours, or
1217:3,000 total hours, or
1128:Combat System Officer
1112:2,000 total hours, or
1082:3,000 total hours, or
1037:Combat System Officer
981:2,000 total hours, or
951:3,000 total hours, or
839:2,000 total hours, or
809:3,000 total hours, or
675:
584:
522:
499:Junior Airplane Pilot
450:, and new ratings of
384:
331:Charles DeF. Chandler
316:
276:and certified by the
270:Thomas DeWitt Milling
220:
205:
146:Combat System Officer
116:Title 10, U.S.C. 8691
31:
3602:Aeronautical ratings
3201:Three-star generals
2097:Senior Balloon Pilot
1797:navigator-physicians
1722:350 logged hours, or
1696:750 logged hours, or
1679:Chief Flight Surgeon
1656:Chief Flight Surgeon
1628:Flight Surgeon Badge
1290:Naval Flight Officer
1280:Naval Flight Officer
638:Naval Flight Officer
280:(FAI) in July 1911.
3399:Numbered Air Forces
3180:Vice Chief of Staff
2967:Aviation Management
2566:(September). 1920.
1833:Conducting analysis
1821:Conducting research
542:In 1936, Maj. Gen.
3757:The U.S. Air Force
3670:Fitness Assessment
3627:Chief of Chaplains
3546:Civilian auxiliary
3295:Air National Guard
3197:Four-star generals
3083:Aircraft Year Book
2992:AIR FORCE Magazine
2981:AIR FORCE Magazine
2543:Aircraft Year Book
2292:has generic name (
2152:Technical Observer
2000:Aircraft Year Book
1983:second lieutenants
1965:Joseph E. Carberry
1906:AIR FORCE Magazine
1667:Basic requirement
1604:Mission Specialist
1521:Basic requirement
1429:Air Battle Manager
1357:Basic requirement
1338:Air Battle Manager
1334:Air Battle Manager
1191:Basic requirement
1056:Basic requirement
925:Basic requirement
783:Basic requirement
757:Air National Guard
690:completion of the
681:
657:mission specialist
590:
576:Technical Observer
403:
322:
259:North Island field
216:
167:Air Combat Command
155:Air Battle Manager
34:
3855:
3854:
3640:Air Force Academy
3558:
3557:
3185:Director of Staff
2036:Lewis H. Brereton
1979:first lieutenants
1779:medical specialty
1762:
1761:
1640:
1639:
1617:
1616:
1483:
1482:
1460:
1459:
1330:
1329:
1307:
1306:
1250:2,000 total hours
1168:
1167:
1148:Navigator ratings
1145:
1144:
1033:
1032:
1010:
1009:
937:Command RPA Pilot
911:Command RPA Pilot
899:
898:
879:RPA Pilot ratings
876:
875:
753:Air Force Reserve
737:
736:
646:U.S. Marine Corps
622:Aircraft Observer
546:, commanding the
534:In 1926, the new
485:Airplane Observer
358:Military Aeronaut
335:Thomas D. Milling
304:deadstick landing
3880:
3844:
3843:
3743:Army Air Service
3735:Aviation Section
3550:Civil Air Patrol
3280:
3279:
3268:
3267:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3016:
2934:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2793:, pp. 11–19
2788:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2560:U.S. Air Service
2552:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2466:, pp. 46–47
2461:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2254:
2248:
2232:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2181:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:Reed M. Chambers
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1974:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1771:Pilot-Physicians
1765:Pilot-Physicians
1756:No time required
1699:144 months OFDA
1661:
1660:
1642:The USAF awards
1636:
1624:
1623:
1611:No time required
1515:
1514:
1479:
1467:
1466:
1463:Observer ratings
1454:No time required
1351:
1350:
1332:The USAF awards
1326:
1314:
1313:
1233:Senior Navigator
1203:Master Navigator
1185:
1184:
1180:Master Navigator
1176:Senior Navigator
1164:
1152:
1151:
1139:No time required
1050:
1049:
1029:
1017:
1016:
1004:No time required
967:Senior RPA Pilot
919:
918:
907:Senior RPA Pilot
895:
883:
882:
870:No time required
777:
776:
733:
721:
720:
626:armillary sphere
588:wings, 1942–1951
544:Frank M. Andrews
481:Balloon Observer
432:Herbert S. Adams
428:Army Air Service
350:Military Aviator
318:Military Aviator
290:Military Aviator
284:Military Aviator
212:Military Aviator
169:, or Commander,
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3831:
3822:Service numbers
3793:National Museum
3751:Army Air Forces
3718:
3712:
3680:
3674:
3632:Chief Scientist
3622:Medical Service
3617:Security Forces
3564:
3554:
3539:Security Forces
3496:
3393:
3335:
3309:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3141:
3136:
3029:
3027:
3025:
2960:, 21 April 2011
2943:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:, Paragraph 4.1
2901:
2897:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2858:"Archived copy"
2856:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2332:Wayback Machine
2323:
2319:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2255:
2251:
2245:Wayback Machine
2233:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2148:Combat Observer
2146:
2142:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2075:auxiliary pilot
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1993:
1975:
1971:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1901:Wayback Machine
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1846:
1767:
1742:medical license
1725:72 months OFDA
1622:
1563:Senior Observer
1555:144 months OFDA
1533:Master Observer
1495:Master Observer
1491:Senior Observer
1465:
1391:144 months OFDA
1312:
1225:144 months OFDA
1156:Navigator Badge
1150:
1090:144 months OFDA
1015:
887:RPA Pilot Badge
881:
719:
714:
572:Combat Observer
532:
518:Calvin Coolidge
448:Aerial Observer
398:Bolling Mission
379:
344:to be rated as
286:
274:Wright Brothers
266:Henry H. Arnold
242:
200:
109:Astronaut Badge
89:
65:Army Air Forces
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3886:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Airman's Creed
3765:
3763:Air Force Band
3760:
3753:
3747:Army Air Corps
3728:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3655:Basic Training
3652:
3647:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Specialty Code
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3389:USAFE–AFAFRICA
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3341:Major commands
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Chief of Staff
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3086:
3079:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3036:
3023:
3006:
2995:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2895:
2849:
2840:
2821:
2802:
2783:
2764:
2744:
2735:
2716:
2696:
2677:
2658:
2621:
2602:
2582:
2547:
2534:
2510:
2498:
2488:Callander 1991
2475:
2449:
2434:
2414:
2394:
2374:
2355:
2344:Hennessey 1958
2336:
2317:
2249:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2140:
2134:The rating of
2127:
2121:The rating of
2114:
2108:The rating of
2101:
2088:
2079:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2040:Carl A. Spaatz
2032:Billy Mitchell
2023:
2014:
2004:
1991:
1969:
1952:
1943:
1930:
1921:
1911:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1731:Flight Surgeon
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1648:Flight Surgeon
1644:flight surgeon
1638:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:72 months OFDA
1583:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1471:Observer Badge
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:72 months OFDA
1419:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:72 months OFDA
1256:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:72 months OFDA
1118:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
992:
986:
985:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
969:
963:
962:
961:
960:
957:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
939:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
897:
896:
889:
880:
877:
874:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
861:
858:
855:
850:
844:
843:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
827:
821:
820:
819:
818:
815:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
797:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
735:
734:
727:
718:
715:
713:
710:
702:
701:
698:
695:
688:
685:
677:Flight Surgeon
666:Flight Surgeon
531:
528:
503:Airplane Pilot
477:Airplane Pilot
452:Enlisted Pilot
444:Airplane Pilot
378:
375:
311:
310:
307:
300:
297:
285:
282:
246:War Department
241:
238:
199:
196:
195:
194:
187:Flight Surgeon
183:
173:
160:
151:
142:
134:
88:
85:
49:rated officers
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3885:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3848:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Air Force Two
3804:
3803:Air Force One
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:Personnel and
3561:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3492:Twenty-Second
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3305:Installations
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:1-85532-339-7
3095:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:1-4102-1391-9
3074:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3050:OCLC 12553968
3049:
3048:0-912799-34-X
3045:
3041:
3037:
3026:
3024:0-912799-75-7
3020:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:, p. 366
2811:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2768:
2759:
2754:, p. 380
2753:
2748:
2739:
2731:
2726:, p. 373
2725:
2720:
2711:
2706:, p. 379
2705:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2662:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2611:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2586:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2545:, pp. 276–278
2544:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2429:
2424:, p. 234
2423:
2422:Hennessy 1958
2418:
2409:
2403:
2402:Hennessy 1958
2398:
2389:
2384:, p. 227
2383:
2382:Hennessy 1958
2378:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2306:
2295:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2219:
2210:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2136:Command Pilot
2131:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2018:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1961:Frank P. Lahm
1956:
1947:
1941:, California.
1940:
1934:
1925:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:Unrestricted
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:Space Shuttle
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1006:
1003:
998:
995:
994:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
975:
972:
971:
970:
968:
965:
964:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
945:
942:
941:
940:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
917:
914:
912:
908:
904:
894:
888:
884:
872:
869:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
833:
830:
829:
828:
826:
823:
822:
816:
813:
812:
811:
808:
803:
800:
799:
798:
796:
795:Command Pilot
793:
792:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Command Pilot
746:
742:
732:
726:
722:
717:Pilot ratings
709:
707:
706:naval aviator
699:
696:
693:
689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
661:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
619:
617:
616:Service Pilot
613:
612:Liaison Pilot
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
587:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:Command Pilot
565:
561:
555:
553:
549:
548:GHQ Air Force
545:
540:
537:
526:
521:
519:
515:
510:
508:
507:Mason Patrick
504:
500:
495:
493:
491:
486:
482:
478:
473:
468:
465:
464:Aerial Bomber
461:
460:Aerial Gunner
457:
456:Airship Pilot
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
374:
371:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
308:
305:
301:
298:
295:
294:
293:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
255:Glenn Curtiss
251:
247:
240:Civil ratings
236:
234:
233:
227:
226:
219:
213:
209:
208:Command Pilot
204:
193:
189:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
172:
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
84:
82:
77:
75:
68:
66:
62:
58:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
24:
19:
3839:
3817:Thunderbirds
3679:Uniforms and
3601:
3331:USAF Academy
3220:2020–present
3089:
3082:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3012:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2947:AFI 11-402,
2929:
2920:
2911:
2903:
2898:
2872:. Retrieved
2852:
2843:
2831:, p. 15
2829:Rottman 2002
2824:
2805:
2786:
2774:, p. 67
2767:
2747:
2738:
2719:
2699:
2680:
2668:, p. 21
2661:
2648:. Retrieved
2636:
2624:
2612:, p. 18
2605:
2592:, p. 47
2585:
2572:. Retrieved
2563:
2559:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2525:, p. 12
2523:Rottman 2002
2505:
2501:
2447:, p. 14
2417:
2404:, p. 59
2397:
2377:
2365:, p. 50
2363:Correll 2007
2358:
2346:, p. 58
2339:
2320:
2290:|first=
2270:. Retrieved
2260:
2252:
2236:
2218:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2188:
2179:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2123:Senior Pilot
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2117:
2109:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2082:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2026:
2017:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1972:
1955:
1946:
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1914:
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1826:
1820:
1814:
1809:
1800:
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1788:
1775:
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1704:
1678:
1670:Flight time
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1599:Graduate of
1592:
1562:
1532:
1524:Flight time
1494:
1490:
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1442:Graduate of
1435:Graduate of
1428:
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1368:
1360:Flight time
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1301:
1285:Graduate of
1275:Graduate of
1265:
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1194:Flight time
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1059:Flight time
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621:
615:
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608:Glider Pilot
607:
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564:Senior Pilot
563:
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513:
512:In 1924 the
511:
502:
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287:
243:
231:
230:
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223:
221:
217:
211:
207:
185:
175:
162:
153:
144:
136:
129:commanders,
122:
113:
94:
90:
71:
69:
61:World War II
53:
48:
36:
35:
23:Air observer
18:
3812:Honor Guard
3773:Core Values
3717:History and
2965:AFI 11-401
2956:AFI 11-405
2902:AFI 11-405
2874:30 November
2772:Maurer 1987
2752:Maurer 1987
2724:Maurer 1987
2704:Maurer 1987
2685:Maurer 1987
2590:Maurer 1987
2464:Maurer 1987
2392:Appendix 8.
2301:|work=
2272:13 December
2034:, Lt. Col.
1444:E-8 J-STARS
759:(i.e., the
725:Pilot Badge
411:World War I
320:badge, 1913
57:World War I
3862:Categories
3719:traditions
3638:Training:
3482:Nineteenth
3477:Eighteenth
3146:Leadership
3030:12 January
2941:References
2810:LeRoy 1955
2791:Jones 2003
2650:19 October
2574:22 October
2445:Davis 1993
2235:AFI11-402
769:helicopter
765:fixed-wing
602:Bombardier
3698:Equipment
3681:equipment
3612:RED HORSE
3572:Personnel
3529:Squadrons
3487:Twentieth
3472:Sixteenth
3467:Fifteenth
3275:Structure
3215:2010–2019
3210:2000–2009
3205:1940–1959
3170:Air Staff
2303:ignored (
2282:cite book
2171:Citations
2002:, p. 278)
1871:Footnotes
1437:E-3 AWACS
1266:Navigator
1172:Navigator
990:RPA Pilot
903:RPA Pilot
660:astronaut
642:U.S. Navy
593:Navigator
586:Navigator
536:Air Corps
356:, termed
210:and 1913
163:RPA Pilot
138:Navigator
97:Astronaut
3846:Category
3788:Memorial
3708:Uniforms
3703:Aircraft
3590:enlisted
3580:officers
3565:training
3452:Eleventh
3283:Commands
2884:cite web
2865:Archived
2656:, p. 53.
2641:Archived
2568:Archived
2328:Archived
2266:Archived
2241:Archived
2199:29 April
2193:Archived
1897:Archived
1844:See also
1827:Teaching
1747:Awarded
1606:training
1593:Observer
1487:Observer
1277:USN/USMC
771:pilots.
708:badges.
650:Observer
420:Observer
333:and Lt.
176:Observer
87:Overview
3726:History
3457:Twelfth
3432:Seventh
3290:Reserve
1664:Rating
1518:Rating
1354:Rating
1188:Rating
1053:Rating
922:Rating
780:Rating
694:course,
618:ratings
490:Airship
434:of the
342:captain
118:, are:
76:) Pilot
3783:Symbol
3693:Badges
3585:cadets
3517:Groups
3437:Eighth
3422:Fourth
3412:Second
3096:
3075:
3046:
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2189:af.mil
1654:, and
1493:, and
1344:, and
1178:, and
1043:, and
909:, and
747:, and
605:, the
525:pilot.
462:, and
327:proofs
214:badges
133:(AETC)
3576:Rank
3505:Wings
3447:Tenth
3442:Ninth
3427:Fifth
3417:Third
3407:First
3384:PACAF
3374:AFSOC
3359:AFGSC
2868:(PDF)
2861:(PDF)
2644:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
2541:1920
2110:Pilot
1866:Notes
1744:, and
1300:None
848:Pilot
741:Pilot
560:Pilot
492:Pilot
225:rated
157:(ABM)
148:(CSO)
123:Pilot
105:earth
72:RPA (
3778:Flag
3665:SERE
3369:AFRC
3364:AFMC
3354:AETC
3094:ISBN
3073:ISBN
3044:ISBN
3032:2014
3019:ISBN
2890:link
2876:2016
2835:help
2816:help
2797:help
2778:help
2758:help
2730:help
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2388:help
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2312:link
2305:help
2294:help
2274:2009
2201:2018
2150:and
1751:48XX
1601:NASA
1499:NASA
767:and
755:and
654:NASA
644:and
614:and
574:and
392:and
268:and
127:wing
95:The
3534:ANG
3522:ANG
3510:ANG
3379:AMC
3349:ACC
1799:or
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257:at
3864::
3805:/
3749:/
3745:/
3741:/
3737:/
3733:/
3548::
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2882:{{
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